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ObjectiveIn 2015 and 2016, the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine (CJEM) Social Media (SoMe) Team collaborated with established medical websites to promote CJEM articles using podcasts and infographics while tracking dissemination and readership.MethodsCJEM publications in the “Original Research” and “State of the Art” sections were selected by the SoMe Team for podcast and infographic promotion based on their perceived interest to emergency physicians. A control group was composed retrospectively of articles from the 2015 and 2016 issues with the highest Altmetric score that received standard Facebook and Twitter promotions. Studies on SoMe topics were excluded. Dissemination was quantified by January 1, 2017 Altmetric scores. Readership was measured by abstract and full-text views over a 3-month period. The number needed to view (NNV) was calculated by dividing abstract views by full-text views.ResultsTwenty-nine of 88 articles that met inclusion were included in the podcast (6), infographic (11), and control (12) groups. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval) were calculated for podcast (Altmetric: 61, 42-80; Abstract: 1795, 1135-2455; Full-text: 431, 0-1031), infographic (Altmetric: 31.5, 19-43; Abstract: 590, 361-819; Full-text: 65, 33-98), and control (Altmetric: 12, 8-15; Abstract: 257, 159-354; Full-Text: 73, 38-109) articles. The NNV was 4.2 for podcast, 9.0 for infographic, and 3.5 for control articles.DiscussionLimitations included selection bias, the influence of SoMe promotion on the Altmetric scores, and a lack of generalizability to other journals.ConclusionCollaboration with established SoMe websites using podcasts and infographics was associated with increased Altmetric scores and abstract views but not full-text article views.

OBJECTIVE Journals use social media to increase the awareness of their publications. Infographics show research findings in a concise and visually appealing manner, well suited for dissemination on social media platforms. We hypothesized that infographic abstracts promoted on social media would increase the dissemination and online readership of the parent research articles. METHODS Twenty-four articles were chosen from the six issues of CJEM published between July 2016 and June 2017 and randomized to infographic or control groups. All articles were disseminated through the journal’s social media accounts (Twitter and Facebook). Control articles were promoted using a screen capture image of each article’s abstract on the journal’s social media accounts. Infographic articles were promoted similarly using a visual infographic. Infographics were also published and promoted on the CanadiEM.org’s website and social media channels. Abstract views, full-text views, and the change in Altmetric score were compared between groups using unpaired two-tailed t-tests. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the groups at baseline. Abstract views (mean, 95% CI) were higher in the infographics (379, 287-471) than the control group (176, 136-215, p

Study objective Online educational resources such as blogs are increasingly used for education by emergency medicine clinicians. The Social Media Index was developed to quantify their relative impact. The Medical Education Translational Resources: Indicators of Quality (METRIQ) study was conducted in part to determine the association between the Social Media Index score and quality as measured by gestalt and previously derived quality instruments. Methods Ten blogs were randomly selected from a list of emergency medicine and critical care Web sites. The 2 most recent clinically oriented blog posts published on these blogs were evaluated with gestalt, the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Approved Instructional Resources (ALiEM AIR) score, and the METRIQ-8 score. Volunteer raters (including medical students, emergency medicine residents, and emergency medicine attending physicians) were identified with a multimodal recruitment methodology. The Social Media Index was calculated in February 2016, November 2016, April 2017, and December 2017. Pearson's correlations were calculated between the Social Media Index and the average rater gestalt, ALiEM AIR score, and METRIQ-8 score. Results A total of 309 of 330 raters completed all ratings (93.6%). The Social Media Index correlated moderately to strongly with the mean rater gestalt ratings (range 0.69 to 0.76) and moderately with the mean rater ALiEM AIR score (range 0.55 to 0.61) and METRIQ-8 score (range 0.53 to 0.57) during the month of the blog post's selection and for 2 years after. Conclusion The Social Media Index's correlation with multiple quality evaluation instruments over time supports the hypothesis that it is associated with overall Web site quality. It can play a role in guiding individuals to high-quality resources that can be reviewed with critical appraisal techniques.

Bienvenue! It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the WWW 2018 International Workshop on Modeling Social Media (MSM'2018) - Applying Machine Learning and AI for Modeling Social Media. This is our 9th edition of our workshop. Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn have paved the way for generating huge amount of diverse, streaming bit data in a short period of time. Such social media data require the application of big data analytics to produce meaningful information to both information consumers and data generators. Machine learning and AI techniques are particularly effective in situations where deep and predictive insights need to be uncovered from such social media data sets that are large, diverse and fast changing. The workshop aims to address machine learning and AI methods, frameworks, algorithms, and the applications and evaluation of these approaches on social media, big data and the web. We received 11 papers from all around the world covering a broad range of topics, and we accepted 8 papers resulting in a 72% acceptance rate. We evaluated them regarding relevance, quality, and novelty, selecting 4 full papers and 4 short papers. Each paper was reviewed by 3 reviewers and then decisions were made from the reviews and the workshop chairs.

This work investigates how to bridge the gap between offline and online behaviors at a conference and how the physical resources in the conference (the physical objects used in the conference for gathering attendees together in engaging an activity such as rooms, sessions, and papers) can be used to help facilitate social networking. We build Find and Connect, a system that integrates offline activities and interactions captured in real time with online connections in a conference environment, to provide a list of potential people one should connect to for forming an ephemeral social network. We investigate how social connections can be established and integrated with physical resources through positioning technology, and the relationship between physical proximity encounters and online social connections. Results from our two datasets of two trials, one at the UIC/ATC 2010 conference and GCJK internal marketing event, show that social connections that are reciprocal in relationship, such as friendship and exchanged contacts, have tighter, denser, and highly clustered networks compared to unidirectional relationships such as follow. We discover that there is a positive relationship between physical proximity encounters and online social connections before the social connection is made for friends, but a negative relationship for after the social connection is made. The first indicates social selection is strong, and the second indicates social influence is weak. Even though our dataset is sparse, nonetheless we believe our work is promising and novel which is worthy of future research.

Study objective Open educational resources such as blogs are increasingly used for medical education. Gestalt is generally the evaluation method used for these resources; however, little information has been published on it. We aim to evaluate the reliability of gestalt in the assessment of emergency medicine blogs. Methods We identified 60 English-language emergency medicine Web sites that posted clinically oriented blogs between January 1, 2016, and February 24, 2016. Ten Web sites were selected with a random-number generator. Medical students, emergency medicine residents, and emergency medicine attending physicians evaluated the 2 most recent clinical blog posts from each site for quality, using a 7-point Likert scale. The mean gestalt scores of each blog post were compared between groups with Pearson's correlations. Single and average measure intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated within groups. A generalizability study evaluated variance within gestalt and a decision study calculated the number of raters required to reliably (>0.8) estimate quality. Results One hundred twenty-one medical students, 88 residents, and 100 attending physicians (93.6% of enrolled participants) evaluated all 20 blog posts. Single-measure intraclass correlation coefficients within groups were fair to poor (0.36 to 0.40). Average-measure intraclass correlation coefficients were more reliable (0.811 to 0.840). Mean gestalt ratings by attending physicians correlated strongly with those by medical students (r=0.92) and residents (r=0.99). The generalizability coefficient was 0.91 for the complete data set. The decision study found that 42 gestalt ratings were required to reliably evaluate quality (>0.8). Conclusion The mean gestalt quality ratings of blog posts between medical students, residents, and attending physicians correlate strongly, but individual ratings are unreliable. With sufficient raters, mean gestalt ratings provide a community standard for assessment.

Introduction: Podcasts and blog posts are gaining popularity in Free Open Access Medical education (FOAMed). However, there remains a paucity of research comparing the two media for undergraduate medical education. This study aims to investigate if there are differences in medical students’ usage conditions, knowledge retention and preferences in the two types of media (podcasts, blog posts). Methods: Medical students were block-randomized to either the podcast or blog post group according to their year of schooling. They completed an online assessment of their baseline knowledge on the subject matter and preferences within the various types of media. Participants then received access to learning materials and were given four weeks to complete the follow-up assessment. Simple descriptive statistical data were used to detail student preferences. Paired samples t-tests and a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) were conducted to assess knowledge acquisition. A carry forward analysis was used to impute missing data from students lost to follow-up. Results: A total of 65 medical students participated in our study (podcasts n=33, blog posts n=32). The initial survey suggests that students prefer general topic discussion and “approach-to” themes (68% and 84%, respectively). 55% of students in the podcast group preferred podcasts that were less than 30 minutes. None of the blog post group preferred a shorter text, and each blog post required a mean of 25 minutes to read. Completion of at least one follow-up assessment was comparable (68% podcasts, 70% blog posts). The podcast listeners tended to engage in multiple activities while using the learning material (e.g. at least 2-3 of the following: driving, eating, chores, taking notes, exercising), while the blog readers tended to do fewer activities (e.g. only 1 of the following: taking notes, eating, only reading). Both groups showed significant improvements in their test scores (Asthma: 22% improvement, Toxicology: 29%; pConclusion: This study suggests that podcasts and blog posts significantly improve medical student knowledge retention to a similar degree, but differ in usage conditions.

Introduction: With the increasing volume of medical literature published each year, it is difficult for clinicians to translate the latest research into practice. Awareness is the first step of knowledge translation and journals have begun using social media to increase the dissemination and awareness of their publications. Infographics can describe research findings visually, are shared broadly on social media, and may be a more effective way to convey information. We hypothesized that infographic abstracts would increase the social media dissemination and online readership of research articles relative to traditional abstracts. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 24 original research articles were chosen from the six issues of the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine (CJEM) published between July 2016 and May 2017 (4 articles per issue). Half were randomized to the infographic and control groups within each issue. Infographic articles were promoted using a visual infographic outlining the findings of the article. Control articles were promoted using a screen capture image of each articles abstract. Both were disseminated through the journals social media accounts (Twitter and Facebook) along with the link to the selected article. Infographics were also published on CanadiEM.org. Abstract views, full text views, and the change in Altmetric score were tracked for 30 days and compared between groups. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used to detect significant differences. Results: Abstract views (mean, SD) were significantly higher for infographic articles (378.9, 162.0) than control articles (175.5, 69.2, pConclusion: CJEM articles promoted on social media using infographics had higher abstract viewership and Altmetric scores than those promoted with traditional abstracts. Although there was no difference in full-text readership, our results suggest that infographic abstracts may have a role in increasing the dissemination of medical literature.

From September 10 to 12, 2007, over 100 attendees convened in Manchester, England, travelling from all over Europe, as well as the far climes of North America, Asia and Australia. Unlike many visitors to Manchester they weren't here to witness the city's much heralded football team, but had gathered instead at the University of Manchester for the 18th International Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (Hypertext 2007). Here they would discuss recent innovations in hypertext, whose most famous form exists as the World Wide Web, and assess the challenges and opportunities in the latest groundbreaking research. Traditionally the success of the Hypertext conference series has been attributed to its immense diversity, and this year was no different, with papers being divided into 5 varied tracks: Hypertext and the Person; Hypertext and Society; Practical Hypertext; Hypertext Culture and Communication; and Hypertext Models and Theory. The conference was a vibrant affair that featured 16 full papers and 7 short papers (with a 29% overall acceptance rate), posters, demos, keynotes, panels, Birds-of-a-Feather (BOFs) and social events. However, what characterized this year's conference the most was an underlying sense of reintegration, a rejoining of disparate trends in hypertext to common goals. And as such a lot of unity and camaraderie too.

Participatory sensing campaigns encourage ordinary people to collect and share sensing data by using their portable smart devices like smartphones, iPad and iWatch. However, compared with static sensors that are deployed in the particular places by people that can provide high-quality data, the quality of sensing data that are collected from smart devices is uncontrollable, and it is costly to pay data usage without knowing the credibility of the collected data. In this paper, we propose to leverage the participant's reputation to maximize total data credibility under budget constraint for participatory sensing systems. Specifically, we formally define a maximum sensing data credibility problem and present a trustable participants selection algorithm to obtain a near optimal solution. Provided the real data set, it has been shown by simulation results that our proposed algorithm selects more credible sensing data than that of the other two comparison algorithms.

Introduction: The CJEM Social Media Team was created in 2014 to assist the journal with the dissemination of its research online. It consists of two Social Media Editors (Junior and Senior) and a team of volunteer medical students and residents to assist their work. Collaborative promotional agreements were developed to promote CJEM articles on the Skeptics’ Guide to Emergency Medicine (SGEM) podcast through the ‘Hot off the Press’ (HOP) series and the CanadiEM blog through an infographic series. Methods: CJEM papers were selected for promotion by the Team based on their perceived interest to the online community of emergency physicians. Altmetric scores, which are a measure of online dissemination derived from a weighted algorithm of social media metrics, were collated for articles promoted using the SGEM HOP or CanadiEM blogs. A control group was created using the articles with the top two Altmetric scores in each CJEM issue in 2015 and 2016. Erratum, Letters, and articles written by the social media editors were excluded from the control groups. The success of the social media promotion was quantified through the measurement of Altmetric scores as of January 1, 2017. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests with unequal variance were used to test for significant differences. Results: 106 and 82 eligible articles were published in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Four articles in 2015 and two articles in 2016 were excluded from the control groups because they were written by the social media editors. SGEM HOP podcasts promoted one article in 2015 and five articles in 2016. CanadiEM infographics promoted three articles in 2015 and eight articles in 2016. No articles were promoted in both series. The average Altmetric score was higher for SGEM HOP (61.0) than CanadiEM Infographics (31.5, pConclusion: The results suggest that collaborating with established social media websites to promote CJEM articles using podcasts and infographics increases their social media dissemination. Given the nonrandomized design of these results, causative conclusions cannot be drawn. A randomized study of the impact of social media promotion on readership is underway.

Many people share photos and their locations using applications such as Foursquare, Facebook and Twitter when attending an event or activity, as a means for promoting an activity, for conversation and as an archive to create a sense of community. People find events to attend using applications such as Event Brite and Meet Up, and exchange contact information using applications such as Whats App or We Chat. The problem exists in that the content, contact and context captured in the activity are managed by separate applications, which makes it cumbersome to find and share. How can we record, share and connect easily in the offline activity to relive that activity experience online? We create an application called LeXiang to allow users to easily create ad-hoc activities in real time, record all the participants that actually attended, and record and share content from the activity for reliving the experience. We explain our concept of an ephemeral social network, study how people find and record activities, and then describe our user interface to achieve this.

Participating in social events or activities in the physical world is an important way for us to make new friends and build social networks. We aim to explore the role of event size and interactivity in affecting social networking behaviors. In this paper, we obtained data from an event-based social network site and conducted a quantitative analysis that reveals a relationship between online following behavior and characteristics of real-world events. We also employ behavior setting theory, social role theory, and user interview data to help us understand the quantitative results. Our finding that small events on average promote more new connections between individuals than large events has important implications for event organizers, event participants, and social media designers.

Past research has studied offline proximity such as co-location and online social connections such as friendship individually. People form social relationships based on certain characteristics they possess, called social selection. When people change their social behavior due to interaction with others, social influence is at work. However, few researchers have examined the relationship that exists between offline proximity and online social connection, and the transitions from offline to online and vice versa (O2O). To study this problem, we created a system for finding and connecting with people at a conference that uses offline proximity encounters in order to help attendees meet and connect with each other. Using data where our system was deployed at two conferences, we discover that for social selection, more proximity interactions will result in an increased probability for a person to add another as a social connection (friend, follower or exchanged contact). However, after the social connections are established, more online social interactions result in a decreased duration and frequency of offline interactions between the connected users and social influence is weak. These results are just the first step in understanding how O2O interactions can help link people together, improve friend recommendations, and improve overall user experience.

In this paper we collected and examined the indoor location traces of users of an indoor location-based social network service called Find & Connect deployed at an academic conference, to explore the relation between users' physical proximity and the connecting properties of their social links. We define a parameter called encounter to represent the physical proximity between users, and also select two kinds of social links that exist in the online social graph formed during the conference, i.e., friendship and sharing common friends. Using these parameters, we present a correlation study of encounter duration, frequency and distribution with the formation and strength of the social links. Results show that, on average, an increasing encounter duration between users leads to a high possibility of the establishments of social links, while afterwards this increment of encounter duration slows down after establishments of social links. We also find users that are highly sociable (with regards to the number of friends and common friends) indicate a higher proximity interaction with their friends, and similarity of a pair of users suggests more and longer encounters between them. This means, for two kinds of social links we select, there is a strong relation between social linking and physical proximity.

The mobile phone can be used as a ubiquitous internet device to help users connect with the relevant people instantaneously to grow their social networks and provide quality friendship. In this paper, we present usage statistics from Nokia Friend View and identify its relevant users, by describing and applying our SCAN method adapted from \cite{chin2008} for finding cohesive subgroups to the friend and interaction networks. Our results show that the connection patterns of the top 10 relevant users in the interaction network reflect the friend relationships of those users, and that members of cohesive subgroups send more messages and have more friends than others in the interaction network. These results can be used to improve friend recommendations, search, and user interaction.