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International audience; In this paper, we investigate and present how to generate application traces of IoT (Internet of Things) Applications in an automated, repeatable and reproducible manner. By using the FIT IoT-Lab large scale testbed and relying on state-of-the-art software engineering techniques, we are able to produce, collect and share artifacts and datasets in an automated way. This makes it easy to track the impact of software updates or changes in the radio environment both on a small scale, e.g. during a single day, and on a large scale, e.g. during several weeks. By providing both the source code for the trace generation as well as the resulting datasets, we hope to reduce the learning curve to develop such applications and encourage reusability as well as pave the way for the replication of our results. While we focus in this work on IoT networks, we believe such an approach could be of used in many other networking domains.

Este artículo presenta los resultados visuales de una investigación educativa que pone en relación tres conceptos básicos que fueron fundamentales durante el periodo de confinamiento: el cuerpo, la casa y la huella del cuerpo en el espacio habitado. Mediante un proyecto de educación artística basado en la fotografía, los alumnos de Grado de Educación Social de la facultad de Ciencias de la Educación se apropiaron, durante este periodo de aislamiento social, su entorno habitado y su cuerpo a partir de acciones artísticas de corta duración basadas en referentes artísticos contemporáneos. Estas les guiaban hacia construir un discurso estético sobre lo vivido y les permitían experimentar y expresar desde lo sensible sobre su cuerpo, su espacio y la huella del uno sobre el otro. Los resultados fotográficos fueron primero analizados mediante instrumentos de investigación basada en artes (series muestras y fotoensayos) para generar una interpretación visual y significativa del conjunto. Y posteriormente se planteó, desde una perspectiva a/r/tografica, construir un nuevo discurso visual recuperando las experiencias individuales del alumnado para situarlas sobre el propio cuerpo del docente y en su hogar mediante el uso de la proyección, generando un flujo creativo visual, que parte del referente y acaba en nuestra piel., This article presents the visual results of an educational research which relates three basic concepts that were fundamental during the period of confinement: the body, the house and the trace of the bodies in the quotidian space. Through an art education project based on photography, the students of the Social Education degree program of the Faculty of Education Sciences appropriated, during this period of social isolation, their living environment and their bodies through brief artistic actions based on contemporary artistic referents. Such actions oriented them towards the creation of an aesthetic statement about the lived experience and allowed them to experience and express their body, their space and the signs of one in one another from a sensitive point of view. The photographic results were first analyzed using art-based research instruments (series of samples and photo-essays) to develop a visual and meaningful interpretation of the totality. Afterwards, adopting an a/r/tographic perspective, we attempted to generate a new visual discourse by recovering the students’ individual experiences and putting them in the teacher’s house and body through the use of projection, generating a visual creative flow that begins with the references and ends up in our own skin.

Animal transport is debated due to welfare concerns. In this paper, data from 2014-2018 on animal transportation between EU member states (MS) (for slaughter, breeding, and production), are evaluated to create basis for discussion of TRACES database as tool to inform about pig and cattle welfare. Approximately 33million pigs were transported between EU MS peryear with considerable changes within categories.The majority of pigs was transported for production (57 to 73%), transportation for slaughter constituted 29% (34 to 25%), and the remaining (2–9%) were transported for breeding. Approximately 4 million cattle was transported peryear. The majority was transported for production (62 to 71%), 15–16% for slaughter, and the rest for breeding (23 to 14%). For each species and purpose category, 10 MS transporting the highest numbers are presented, suggesting acomplex underlying pattern with potential animal welfare consequences. Based on adiscussion of selected examples, however, we suggest that usefulness of TRACES as basis of an informed animal welfare evaluation would improve by including data from relevant animal types in addition to purpose categories.

Simple Summary The EU is one of the main markets for marine ornamental species. Their entrance into the EU, as well as their circulation between member states, is supposed to be highly regulated. Surprisingly, it is currently impossible to answer simple questions, such as how many Nemos and Dorys are imported each year into the EU, or where do they come from? This lack of knowledge is difficult to understand, as all these organisms enter the EU by air-shipping and must be controlled at customs offices in international airports. This scenario favors “business as usual” and does not allow to verify the claims on sustainability commonly made by the marine aquarium industry. However, the EU already operates a platform that may allow to collect such information in a reliable way and shed light on this blurry industry, the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES). This platform can start by surveying marine ornamental fishes, so the EU can finally know how many Nemos and Dorys are being imported and where they are sourced from. If this approach works, marine ornamental invertebrates can also be monitored, and reliable databases can finally be assembled to document the marine aquarium trade in the EU. Abstract The EU is one of the main importers of marine ornamental species sourced from tropical coral reefs around the world. While the entrance of live organisms into the EU, along with their intra-EU circulation, is framed within stringent control mechanisms, to date, no reliable figures exist concerning which marine ornamental species are imported, in what numbers, and where they are sourced from. This lack of reliable data in the EU on the trade of marine ornamental species is puzzling if one considers that all these imported specimens must be controlled at customs offices located in international airports. Such data deficiency favors the prevalence of blurry supply chains and a “business as usual” mindset that hampers any serious effort to promote sustainability in the marine aquarium industry. To safeguard the collection of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data, we suggest that the EU platform Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) refines its surveillance on the trade of marine ornamental species. The detailed survey of marine ornamental fishes alone can be used as a proof of concept to validate the use of TRACES for this purpose and, if successful, it can later be expanded to all other taxonomic groups of marine ornamental species.

Ma thèse sur les épidémies de méningite au Niger a interrogé la manière dont des phénomènes saisonniers sont devenus un problème récurrent régi par des acteurs de l’urgence. En plus d’ethnographier les épidémies, j’ai mené un travail archivistique entre Niamey, Bobo-Dioulasso, Marseille, Genève et Manchester. De fil en aiguille, la représentation spatiale d’une ceinture de la méningite allant du Sénégal à l’Éthiopie, décrite par le général Léon Lapeyssonnie – médecin des endémies, militaire, pastorien, épidémiologiste, diplomate, concepteur de seringue et romancier – m’avait intriguée. Je suis repartie quelques fois sur la piste de cet homme, attentive à ses omissions et rivalités avec les médecins britanniques dans les connaissances épidémiologiques. Je partage ici un bout du cheminement entrepris avec ma famille quatre ans après cette thèse, une veille de Noël, sur les pistes du Burkina Faso. Cet essai photographique est une contribution à l’étude des traces, ruines et infrastructures de santé issues de la période coloniale. Il participe d’un projet d’ouvrage sur les épidémies et leurs vaccins en Afrique. In this text, I look back on a moment of family walk in the countryside. I defended my PhD dissertation on meningitis epidemics in Niger. In addition to an ethnography of epidemics, I did archival research in Niamey, Bobo-Dioulasso, Marseille, Geneva and Manchester. The spatial representation of a meningitis belt stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia, described by Dr Léon Lapeyssonnie, tropical disease expert, military doctor, Pasteurian, epidemiologist, diplomat, syringe designer and novelist, had intrigued me. I sometimes went back on his paths and omissions, in particular his rivalry with British doctors in the construction of epidemiological knowledge. I am sharing here a bit of a journey undertaken with my family, four years after my Ph.D. thesis, one Christmas Eve on the ochre roads of Burkina Faso. This photo essay is a contribution to the study of ruins, traces and infrastructures of health from the colonial period. It is part of a book project on epidemics and their vaccines in Africa.

From a fortress to a residential castle: a stratigraphic reading of the transformations in the Rocca of Novellara (RE, Italy)The paper reports the results of a stratigraphic reading on the northern façade of the Rocca di Novellara (Reggio Emilia, Italy), a castle which is now the town hall, right in the city centre. Though as a pole of the contemporary public life in Novellara, housing at present both a museum and a nineteenth century theatre, the Rocca recalls its military past through its name and by means of the still standing remains of the walls and corner towers. Besides a well-documented historical development, the stratigraphic investigation of the northern façade –the only part that still hasn’t been restored– allowed a direct observation of the material traces revealing the slow transformation of the Rocca from a fortification to a residential castle. This study gave the chance of understanding the different constructive phases of the castle, making a chronological sequence out of them but it was also meant to reflect about the changes of its character, as the building has been acquiring a complex identity through time, due both to high qualified architectural episodes and to as much meaningful though tiny changes. Thus, the permanence of the stratified marks can be regarded as one of the main goals of a preservation project.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce run time monitoring infrastructures and to analyze trace data inside a well-established component-based methodology. The goal is to show the concept among different monitoring requirements by defining a general reference architecture that can be adapted to different scenarios. Starting from design artifacts, generated by a system engineering modeling tool, and source code automatically generated from UML models, a custom Hardware monitoring sub-system infrastructure will be presented. This sub-system will be able to generate run-time artifacts for run-time verification. We will show how the framework provides round-trip support in the development chain, injecting monitoring requirements from design models down to code and its execution on the platform and trace data back to the models, where the expected behavior will then be compared with the actual behavior. This approach will be used towards optimizing design models for specific properties (e.g, for system performance), using a specific constraint approach compliant with UML standards. Industrial and custom use cases will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in real scenarios.

The role played by photography in the creation of icons as well as in the dissemination of architecture has been fundamental since the early days of the Modern Movement. Both iconic Kindel’s images of settlement villages in Spain and other archival photographs —created during Franco´s dictatorship for greater propaganda purposes— sparked our curiosity and instilled in us the necessity to see with our own eyes those architectures which have remained not only unknown for a non-specialised public, but also somehow invisible outside strictly academic realms. Urban planners that would later become key figures in the Spanish architecture of modernity carried out these innovative, experimental projects on the basis of the observation of the popular and the anonymous, consciously departing from the grandiose rhetoric of the time. We believe it is necessary to examine what has become of the INC’s colonisation programme, and thus highlight a fundamental episode in our recent history which brought about the main migratory movement in 20th-century Spain. Such a task seems to us particularly significant at this point in time in which architecture is being redefined (as was the case with Spanish architecture in the 50s and the 60s), and sustainability and the social function of architecture are highly topical subjects. In this vein we have revisited these settlements and we have documented, with a contemporary gaze, the legacy left by the construction of a new memory upon the already colonised architecture. It is our aim to make visible and announce such legacy to the general public as well as to its own inhabitants, so that these villages cease to be mirages amidst a transformed landscape.

National audience; A foreshore of the village of Porspoder in the Finistère department (29, France) shows different traces of the exploitation of living or mineral resources. Wrack was collected and seaweeds cut on this beach. An old fish-trap (Middle Age?) for fishes and crabs is marked by remains of a stone wall. An old quarry (before the 19th century) is recognized by grooves dig by pick in the granite. Traces of horse carts, often hide under the sand, are momentarily seen after storms.; Un estran du village de Porspoder dans le Finistère montre différentes traces d’exploitation des ressources vivantes comme le goémon ou les poissons, mais aussi des ressources minérales comme le granite. Les roues de charrettes à cheval ont marqué la roche dure ou l’argile de cheminements sur la grève. Des restes d’un mur d’écluse à poissons (gord du Moyen Âge ?) sont encore visibles. Une carrière, exploitée avant le xixe siècle, présente des traces de rainures creusées au pic dans le granite.

Erasure, écrit par Percival Everett en 2001, met en crise la notion de perte. Le personnage, Thelonious Ellison, écrivain et universitaire, se trouve en proie à une succession de disparitions qui mettent en cause toute notion d'identité dans un roman dont l'écriture fragmentaire reflète un monde qui ne fait plus sens. Accusé par le monde de l'édition et de l'université de publier des romans dans lesquels sa couleur de peau s'efface derrière des références et des préoccupations trop "blanches", il finit par écrire sous un pseudonyme une parodie de la "vraie vie" des noirs aux États-Unis. Alors que se désintègrent tous ses repères (sa mère est atteinte de la maladie d'Alzheimer, sa sœur est assassinée, son frère finit par disparaître, lui-même perd toute subjectivité), son identité même s'efface derrière une langue à la fois toute puissante et mortifère qui anéantit par la nomination toute forme de présence. Seule reste l'écriture, à la fois effacement du sujet et promesse féconde d'une mémoire collective.

Dans La Fable mystique, les références littéraires sont à la fois régulières, ponctuelles, mais toujours précises, jamais anodines. Elles constituent des traces signifiantes, des restes des lectures qui ont nourri l’imaginaire du chercheur et servent de matériau à son travail d’écrivain autant que des signes guidant son analyse. La manière dont Michel de Certeau convoque ces références, rédige ses notes, l’ensemble de sa pratique citationnelle, méritent dans cette perspective d’être précisément analysés. In La Fable mystique, the literary references are regular, punctual, but always precise, never trivial. They constitute significant traces, some remnants of the readings that have nourished the researcher's imagination and serve as a material for his work as a writer, as well as signs guiding his analysis. The way in which Michel de Certeau uses these references, how writes his notes, the whole of his quotation practice, deserve to be specifically analyzed in this perspective.

Not only are Birdsong, Evermore, and Another World concerned with the Great War and its impact on survivors as well as on following generations, but the three works share a common fascination for the traces of the war. Illustrating Faulkner’s claim that « the past isn’t dead, it isn’t even past », they explore the links between personal, traumatic memory, and the national, collective one. Taking as its starting point the presence in the three texts of one or several characters travelling to the battlefields years after the war to visit the cemeteries and monuments to the Missing, this paper will compare and contrast the three writers’ metasemiotic representations of these national emblems and analyze their function : do they contribute to constructing, or de-constructing the nation, itself an ideological construct ? Non seulement Birdsong, Evermore, et Another World évoquent la Grande Guerre et son impact sur les survivants et les générations ultérieures, mais les trois œuvres partagent une même fascination pour ses traces. Illustrant la formule de Faulkner comme quoi « le passé n’est pas mort, il n’est même pas passé », elles explorent les liens entre la mémoire traumatique individuelle et la mémoire nationale. Prenant comme point de départ la présence dans les trois textes d’un ou plusieurs personnages venus des années après la guerre visiter les cimetières militaires ou monuments aux disparus, cet article entend comparer les représentations métasémiotiques de ces emblèmes nationaux chez les trois écrivains et analyser leur fonction : contribuent-ils à construire, ou déconstruire, la nation, elle-même construction idéologique ?

This paper summarizes the results of using an Excel-based simulation run on a finance course. The activity intends to instruct the students that firms with a negative cash cycle and with negative working capital needs do not have to borrow short term bank debt because growth in sales provide funds spontaneously. Students’ learning has been assessed using achievement tests and analyzing traces. Conclusions of the research are: students stayed active, focused their work on the key actions, and worked where the instructor wanted them to work; there was knowledge acquisition since the tests provide evidence of learning; and the activity was well-accepted by the students.

Une troisième génération de sciences sociales doit voir le jour pour assumer la spécificité du monde de données et de traces créées par les réseaux numériques, sans se contenter de prolonger les acquis des sciences de la « société » et de l’« opinion ». Ces entités ont été construites dans une époque donnée dont la généalogie est restituée pour être comparée avec le travail des agences exploitant les traces numériques et pouvant produire toute la réflexivité nécessaire en devenant prédictives. Il est proposé de penser les traces numériques en tant que « répliques » que les sciences sociales doivent suivre avec des méthodes adaptées car elles constituent désormais un nouveau continent du social. To deal with the world of data and tracks created by digital networks, there is a need for a third generation of social sciences—one which is not restricted to building on the knowledge derived from the sciences of “society” and “opinions”. These entities were constructed at a specific point in time, the genealogy of which is retraced, to be compared with the work of the agencies which exploit digital tracks and which can produce all the reflexivity required by becoming predictive. Our proposal is to think of digital tracks as “responses” which the social sciences must follow with the appropriate methods as they henceforth constitute a new continent of the social.

Dans les nouvelles de Rick Bass, les descriptions animalières semblent le plus souvent fragmentaires. Plutôt que de viser une représentation exhaustive des animaux, l’auteur recourt à des bribes descriptives qui manifestent la fugacité du monde non-humain. Ces traces montrent ainsi que quelque chose résiste au désir d’appropriation intellectuelle et physique des animaux par les hommes. Lorsqu’un animal surgit dans le territoire comme dans le texte, il dérange l’ordre du récit. Or, loin de menacer le cours de la diégèse, ces apparitions animalières permettent à l’auteur de s’interroger sur les modes d’écriture du non-humain. À travers des descriptions d’animaux qui tentent de se dérober au regard de l’homme, Rick Bass met en œuvre un processus d’approche scriptural et physique qui permet non seulement de réinventer le mode descriptif mais aussi de renouveler les relations de l’homme au monde non-humain. Le questionnement suscité par les apparitions furtives d’animaux apparaît en définitive comme un mode de renouvellement des relations entre les hommes. In Rick Bass’s short stories, the descriptions of animals often seem fragmentary. Rather than aiming at an exhaustive representation of animals, the author resorts to fragmentary descriptions that show the elusive dimension of the nonhuman world. These traces thus show that something resists the human attempt to intellectually and physically capture animals. When an animal appears in the wilderness or in the text, it disturbs the course of the narrative. However, far from threatening the course of the story, the appearances of animals allow the author to question his ways of writing about the nonhuman world. Through descriptions of animals that try to hide from man’s gaze, Rick Bass creates a scriptural and physical approach that not only allows the author to redefine the descriptive mode, but also renews the relations between man and the nonhuman world. Surprisingly enough, the elusive dimension of the animals ultimately contributes to reinvent the relationships between humans.

Leos Carax’s metamorphic Holy Motors (2012) has been received as evading conceptual, physical, and cinematic coherence. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s concept of the fold and Nicole Brenez’s work on the figural powers of the cinema, this article argues that Carax’s film reprises the aesthetics of a delirious baroque. Re-evaluating the relevance of the baroque for Carax and for cinema, it identifies the delirious baroque as an embodied aesthetics of movement, materiality, and multiplicity as well as vision.

Net art is built and distributed through a complex, intricate, and interrelated system of networks that presents an assemblage of art, technology, politics, and social relations ‐ all merged and related to form a variable entity. In the last decade a discussion on how to conserve net art emerged in museums of contemporary art. Nevertheless, many net art projects from the 1990s have long disappeared ‐ their server payments lapsed, software was not kept up-to-date, or artists felt the concept was no longer appropriate in a changed context. The project mouchette.org is an exception in that the artist has kept the website up and running since it began. In this article I will show that net artworks are inherently assemblages that evolve over time. These works are distributed and ensured by networks of people; their continuation happens through multiple authors and caretakers. All together these actors signify and give meaning to the works. Therefore, instead of thinking of a ‘freeze frame’ the presentation and conservation of net art should focus on variability. This opens up different paths and options, making for conservation strategies akin to assembling traces.

RESUMO Este texto apresenta algumas questões relativas à Genética Teatral, se debruçando, notadamente, sobre a análise dos processos de criação. A autora propõe o conceito de traço, mais do que o de brouillon adotado anteriormente, para melhor compreender a análise genética da encenação. Esse tipo de análise toma em conta todo o processo anterior a apresentação. A reflexão problematiza os conceitos de practice as research e de art-based research como ferramentas que permitem um movimento para outros campos da genética. E, ainda mais importante, o texto propõe restringir o domínio da ação da Genética Teatral ao processo estrito de criação a fim de tornar a análise mais eficaz e mais pertinente. ABSTRACT This text presents issues of Theatrical Genetics, in particular, in its relation with the analysis of living processes of creation. The text proposes the concept of trace - in its production and disappearance, both typical of the theatrical process -, in order to understand the genetic analysis of staging, taking into consideration the entire process prior to the presentation and, at the same time, considering the presentation as part of this process. The text proposes to restrict the field of action of Theatrical Genetics to the analysis of creative processes only to better empower it. RÉSUMÉ Ce texte présente quelques questions relatives à la génétique théâtrale portant, notamment, sur l'analyse des processus de création. L'auteur propose le concept de trace, plutôt que celui de brouillon adopté antérieurement pour mieux comprendre l'analyse génétique de la mise en scène, analyse qui prend en compte tout le processus antérieur à la représentation. La réflexion menée ici ouvre sur les concepts de practice as research et de art-based research comme outils permettant une excursion vers d'autres champs de la génétique. Plus importan encore, le texte propose de restreindre le domaine d'action de la génétique théâtrale aux stricts processus de création afin d'en rendre l'analyse plus efficace et plus pertinente.

Análise dos romances Uma ponte para Terebin (2006), Os Getka (2010) e Cristal polonês (2003), da escritora gaúcha Letícia Wierzchowski (1972-), que se consagrou nacionalmente com a Casa das sete mulheres. Na esteira de Moacyr Scliar, com a imigração judaica, de Pozenato, com a imigração italiana ou Josué Guimarães, com a imigração alemã, a autora retraça a presença polonesa no sul do país a partir de fragmentos (resíduos) memoriais como cartas, fotografias, relatos orais, onde o tom é dado pela memória afetiva. Analysis of Letícia Wierzchowsky's novels: Uma ponte para Terebin (2006), Os Getka (2010) e Cristal polonês (2003). She is an author from the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. This author wrote also The House of the Seven Women through which she became renowned. Following Moacyr Scliar, José Clemente Pozenato and Josué Guimarães in terms of Jewish, Italian and German immigration matters, respectively, the author retraces the Polish presence in the southern part of Brazil through memorial fragments (traces) such as letters, photos and oral narratives where the tone is gotten from the affective memory. Analyse des romans Uma ponte para Terebin (2006), Os Getka (2010) et Cristal polonês (2003), de l´écrivaine gaucha Letícia Wierzchowski (1972-), qui a conquis reconnaissance nationale avec Casa das sete mulheres. Dans le sillage de Moacyr Scliar, avec l´immigration juive, de José Clemente Pozenato, avec l'immigration italienne et Josué Guimarães, avec l'immigration allemande, l'auteure dessine la présence polonaise au sud du Brésil à partir de traces, vestiges (résidus) mémoriels comme les lettres, les vieilles photos, les récits oraux, où le diapason est donné par la mémoire affective.

The research shows an iconographic survey around some situations, which abandonment can be identified in art representations, firstly through paintings that represent homeless people images, beggars and wanderers, expanding itself later to other imagistic references and artistic languages. My own affective and poetry memory was highly significant for this research; both related to the childhood and beings. Abandonment poetry deals with body gestures, in its presences, absences and fragmentations, allowing us to think about the way the abandonment situations are presented into artistic production during all history, even among our contemporaneity, the context in which we must be aware about its invisibility processes and, above all, in the leftovers, the remains and traces that surround these characters existence. Esta pesquisa apresenta um levantamento iconográfico em torno das situações em que o abandono pode ser identificado nas representações da arte, inicialmente através de pinturas que apresentam imagens de moradores de rua, pedintes, mendigos e andarilhos, ampliando-se posteriormente para outros referenciais imagéticos e linguagens artísticas. Para esta pesquisa foi significativa minha memória afetiva e poética pessoal, relacionadas desde a infância a essas situações e seres. As poéticas do abandono tratam da gestualidade do corpo, em suas presenças, ausências e fragmentações, permitindo-nos refletir sobre os modos pelos quais as situações de abandono são apresentadas na produção artística ao longo da história, inclusive na contemporaneidade, contexto ao qual devemos estar atentos em seus processos de invisibilidade e, sobretudo, nos restos, resíduos e vestígios que cercam a existência desses personagens. Mestre em Artes

Study of Horace Carm. III 30 traces in Ovid Met. XV 871-879, specially in vocabulary and syntax., Estudio de las huellas de Horacio Carm. III 30 en Ovidio Met. XV 871-879, especialmente en el léxico y la sintaxis.

International audience; A good way to help users make decisions in an interactive application consists in suggesting choices in accordance with their preferences. This decision problem faces challenging tasks, mainly in choosing a good solution that satisfies users and reaches the defined goal. Classical decision methods take into account the goal, but not all the obtained decisions can satisfy users’ preferences. The originality of our explorative research is to associate Subjective Logic (SL) to system’s traces (historical information) in order to model the user preferences that improve the decision process. Following JØsang, SL provides a suitable framework for modeling and formally describing users’ preferences. We propose to connect data collected in past executions, called traces, to the user intuition in order to support subjective reasoning. Based on this result, we can choose a reasonable decision according to users’ preferences. A Tamagotchi system will be presented to validate our result.

In this paper, in relation with interpolation functions we study some generalized Powers-Stormer's type inequalities and monotonicity inequality of indefinite type which generalizes a result of Ando.

Fully understanding object-oriented systems is difficult if one is limited to merely performing static analysis of the source code: Techniques based on dynamic analysis are needed. Several tools exist that implement techniques for analyzing traces of object interactions; however, due to lack of a common exchange format these tools do not interoperate. In this paper, we propose a graph-based format, called Compact Trace Format (CTF), for exchanging traces of object interactions. The design of CTF takes into account the size explosion problem that makes run-time information hard to manipulate. To achieve this, we start by presenting techniques for reducing the size of traces without affecting their content. Then, we show how the concept of transforming the tree representation of a trace into an acyclic compact graph can be used to define the core of CTF schema.

The article presents an interpretation of the discourse of surveillance after its shift from a discipline model to a control one, adopting the notion of the trace as a key concept. In this perspective Harun Farocki’s latest production works as an analytic device used by the author to explore the facets of the contemporary surveillance scenario and to couple it with a reflection on the ontology of the cinematic image. Through the prism of the director’s camera three strategies for thinking surveillance (represent, replicate, sublimate) are discussed, simultaneously suggesting a meta-cinematographic reflection on the filmic image.

International audience; This ongoing work investigates usage-based document reengineering as a means to support authors in modifying their documents. Document usages (i.e. usage feedbacks) cover readers' explicit annotations and their reading traces. We first describe a conceptual framework with various levels of assistance for document reengineering: indications on reading, problem detection, reconception suggestions and automatic reconception propositions, taking our example in e-learning document management. We then present a technical framework for usage-based document reengineering and its associated models for documents, annotations and traces representation.

National audience; Lafayette anticipation est une fondation d'art contemporain qui met l'accent sur la production et l'accompagnement des artistes. Le projet Lafayette ReSource , une archive sémantique en temps réel, a pour vocation de permettre le suivi de l'ensemble des activités qui contribuent à donner naissance à une oeuvre. Elle entend ainsi faciliter la compréhension du travail réalisé par la fondation en interne, donner au public des prise pour apprécier les oeuvres dans leur déploiement (l'art en train de se faire et non l'art déjà fait) et livrer du même coup aux artistes un nouveau matériau pour la création.

International audience; Embedded systems are very difficult to design and debug because of the limited access to the device itself. Therefore, debugging usually requires to instrument the code so as to produce execution traces that are then monitored from a base station. Such an intrusive method has a direct impact on performances. In case of multiple interacting embedded targets the problem is even more severe and is not limited to computations but also spreads to communications. To reduce the communication overhead, we propose an approach in which unsynchronized traces from several targets are reconciled a posteriori. Since each target has its own time base without a built-in clock synchronization protocol, our approach requires a multi-clock reconciliation specification. This paper describes our model-based proposal developed during the ANR project RT-Simex. The different steps of the reconciliation are illustrated on a simple case-study used in the project, a terrestrial robot controlled in position.

The research we conducted in the context of this thesis led us initially to examine more closely the active reading of audiovisual materials and define more precisely how the different practises of the activity can be represented. From this model based on the Activity theory, we built a model for personal knowledge management for active reading, in order to consolidate the various practices of the activity within one model, composed of three main components, abstract knowledge, practical knowledge, and knowledge presentation. The interest of this model lies in facilitating circulation of knowledge from one pole to another, which is something very common during the activity of active reading. Finally, from the two previous models, we implemented a trace model and proposed the use of reflective traces to support the reader's attention in its activity. Indeed, in case of interruption during the activity, being able to remember his past actions offer the possibility to resume its business exactly where it was left. We also present our interfaces to display traces, allowing the reader through various means of action to recover more easily an interrupted activity.; Les travaux de recherche que nous avons menés dans le cadre de cette thèse nous ont conduits dans un premier temps à étudier de plus près la lecture active audiovisuelle, et à en définir un modèle du point de vue de l'activité. A partir de ce modèle basé sur la théorie de l'activité, nous avons construit un modèle pour la gestion de connaissances personnelles pour la lecture active, afin de pouvoir regrouper les différentes pratiques de l'activité au sein d'un même modèle, composé de trois pôles principaux, connaissances abstraites, connaissances concrètes, et connaissances de présentation. L'intérêt d'un tel modèle réside dans la facilitation des circulations de connaissances, très fréquentes au cours de l'activité de lecture active. Enfin, à partir des deux modèles précédents, nous avons mis en place un modèle de trace et proposé l'utilisation réflexive de la trace pour soutenir l'attention du lecteur. En effet, en cas d'interruption, le fait de pouvoir visualiser sa trace d'activité offre la possibilité de reprendre son activité précisément là où elle avait été laissée. Nous présentons également nos interfaces de visualisation de trace, permettant au lecteur par différents moyens d'action de récupérer plus facilement son activité interrompue, et la validation de nos travaux.

Dans cet article, il s'agira de travailler l'écriture comme lieu des reviviscences des événements de temps (sensations anciennes non encore psychisées).Dans ce temps du récit, de l'écriture de soi, tout devient image, tout se projette au-devant dans l'espace visible extime comme dit Lacan mais pourtant ce for extérieur est inaccessible. Les mots sont les témoins de ce temps d'une mémoire ouverte sur les visages mais des visages devenus visages-fantômes. Le temps de l'écriture est le temps du retour des visages en images de mémoire déformées par le travail du temps: ce temps psychique qui modifie les perceptions et offre un autre regard. Neste artigo, a escrita é abordada como lugar de revivências dos acontecimentos do tempo (sensações antigas e ainda não subjetivadas). Nesse tempo da narrativa, da escrita de si, tudo se torna imagem, tudo se projeta em um espaço visível extimo, como diz Lacan, contudo esse foro exterior é inacessível. As palavras são as testemunhas desse tempo de uma memória aberta sobre os rostos, mas rostos que se tornaram rostos-fantasmas. O tempo da escrita é o tempo do retorno dos rostos em imagens de memória deformadas pelo trabalho do tempo: esse tempo psíquico que modifica as percepções e oferece um outro olhar. In this article, I will develop ideas of writing as a place of revival time events (old sensations not yet "psychisées"). In this time of the narrative, writing of itself, everything becomes an image, everything is projected in the visible space "extime" as Lacan said but yet this outside forum is inaccessible. Words are the witnesses of that time of a memory open to the faces, but faces that became phantom-faces. The time of writing is the time of the return of faces in images distorted by the work of time: this psychic time changes the perceptions and offers another view.

For several years, education has undergone numerous problems, which led researchers to focus on this issue, trying to enable the difficulties encountered during the learning process. Research on the Computer-based learning environments (CBLE) aims to meet challenges as school failure, dropout and the learners groups heterogeneity. Within the context of a remote collaborative activity, the tutor is often not able to have a global perception of the virtual class he leads, thus confronting a real problem in terms of identification of the groups that face difficulties. The exploitation of interaction traces done by the users in the CBLE and the indicators development are able to help tutor monitor the activities of his/her learners. This article presents the researches made to this regard and raises the research prospects.

We wished to determine whether multiple sound patterns can be simultaneously represented in the temporary auditory buffer (auditory sensory memory), when subjects have no task related to the sounds. To this end we used the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential, an electric brain response elicited when a frequent sound is infrequently replaced by a different sound. The MMN response is based on the presence of the auditory sensory memory trace of the frequent sounds, which exists whether or not these sounds are in the focus of the subject's attention. Subjects watching a movie were presented with sound sequences consisting of two frequent sound patterns, each formed of four different tones and an infrequent pattern consisting of the first two tones of one of the frequent sound pattern and the last two tones of the other frequent sound pattern. The infrequent sound pattern elicited an MMN, indicating that multiple sound patterns are formed at an early, largely automatic stage of auditory processing. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.