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Czy sztuka jest adaptacją? Ponadczasowe kontrowersje wokół istnienia estetycznych uniwersaliów (przez pryzmat ewolucyjnie poiformowanej estetyki) Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że w kategoriach analitycznych głównym przedmiotem badań w filozofii sztuki są twierdzenia o sztuce i że poddaje ona jedynie ponownemu badaniu przedmiot określany jako „sztuka”, ze swej strony stwierdzam, że interdyscyplinarny charakter ewolucyjnego podejścia do sztuki i estetyki wynika prawdopodobnie z naturalizacji perspektywy filozoficznej oraz z „etologicznego zwrotu” w estetyce. Umożliwia to ujawnienie genezy, źródeł i funkcji sztuki oraz zachowań artystycznych w okresie bezprecedensowych odkryć nauk ewolucyjnych związanych z kulturą i poznaniem człowieka. Postrzegam to jako obowiązek badacza, który stara się znaleźć odpowiedź na ponadczasowe kontrowersje dotyczące prawdziwej natury sztuki i uniwersalnych emocji, jakie wywołuje, a nie tylko zajmować się tym, co formułuje teoria.

Estetyka integralna. Projekt. Wprowadzenie do Timeless Controversy over Contemporary Art W artykule proponuję koncepcję estetyki przełamującej dogmatyczną ideę dyscypliny czystej, która nie unika wartościowania moralnego. Projekt ten motywowany jest badaniami międzykulturowymi. Część druga tekstu poświęcona jest przeglądowi publikowanych w numerze artykułów, uporządkowanych według klucza międzykulturowości.

“Destruction is preceded by pride; a haughty spirit comes before the fall”(Proverbs, 16:18)Anchored in traditional texts, Judaism offers its own timeless political counsel against what ancient Gree...

Despite an immensely rich craft legacy that stretches back more than 7,000 years, Pakistan is losing many of its precious craft traditions to the modern world. As an artist, designer and educator, Noorjehan Bilgrami has spent the best part of five decades working with craftsmen in an effort to document, revive and sustain these traditions. The journey that began with a chance visit to an old block-printing workshop in her home town Karachi in the 1970s has since taken many turns. This article is a personal reflection of her experiences, including building local and international markets for Pakistani crafts, teaming up with a group of visionaries to establish one of Pakistan’s leading art and architecture schools and her interventions in public spaces. Her reflections provide an insight into the challenges and opportunities of championing Pakistan’s craft traditions and the urgent need to support them on a national scale.

Most of us in the twenty-first century are assailed by information to a degree that could not have been predicted twenty-five years ago, and that comes at the price of an attenuated ability to respond to pure form. Music, the least representational of the arts, is the closest to pure form. And to the extent that poetry is itself a music, the aesthetic experience it offers makes recovery at least as pleasurable as discovery, just as a long-form musical composition may sound better if we have already heard it. Readers of Milton, supplying their own examples, can recall numerous passages whose music continues to give pleasure. This article provides one reader's experience of Milton's poetry, with different passages exerting their particular appeal in youth, middle age, and old age.

Over time disability theology has successfully argued that ‘people with disabilities have at best been minority voices in the development of Christian theology and at worst have been completely sil...

Because old age is associated with defects in circadian rhythm, loss of circadian regulation is thought to be pathogenic and contribute to mortality. We show instead that loss of specific circadian clock components Period (Per) and Timeless (Tim) in male Drosophila significantly extends lifespan. This lifespan extension is not mediated by canonical diet-restriction longevity pathways but is due to altered cellular respiration via increased mitochondrial uncoupling. Lifespan extension of per mutants depends on mitochondrial uncoupling in the intestine. Moreover, upregulated uncoupling protein UCP4C in intestinal stem cells and enteroblasts is sufficient to extend lifespan and preserve proliferative homeostasis in the gut with age. Consistent with inducing a metabolic state that prevents overproliferation, mitochondrial uncoupling drugs also extend lifespan and inhibit intestinal stem cell overproliferation due to aging or even tumorigenesis. These results demonstrate that circadian-regulated intestinal mitochondrial uncoupling controls longevity in Drosophila and suggest a new potential anti-aging therapeutic target., Disruption of different components of molecular circadian clocks has varying effects on health and lifespan of model organisms. Here the authors show that loss of period extends life in drosophila melanogaster.

Capacity building is a conscious strategic measure used to solve problems of change in organisations, and it is frequently viewed as a medium and long-term strategy for dealing with major changes in the organization's environment. This paper presented strategy as a timeless activity that management must engage in after continuous monitoring and evaluation of the operational environment in order to keep up with the constant changes prompted by today's complex and multidimensional business environment. The survey design is used in the study. Data were gathered from fifty middle and senior management personnel of public interest organisations in Uyo, Nigeria. The sample was purposively selected. The collected data was analysed using central tendency measures such as mean, standard deviation, and simple percentage. The findings demonstrate the necessity for timeless capacity building strategy if organizations must succeed. It is therefore recommended that adequate monitoring and evaluation be conducted on a regular basis to confirm the need for capacity building, allowing organisations to remain competitive and successful while not taking a fire-brigade approach to changes that occur. This is because, in the absence of effective capacity-building programmes, complex enterprises tend to devolve into chaos, endangering their very existence.

When Thomas Hardy conjured up the fictional county with which he has become synonymous, he created a bucolic landscape of timeless insularity. His choice to name it ‘Wessex’ after the Anglo-Saxon k...

Self-study practitioners critically and reflectively examine themselves, their practice and the contexts in which they work. Quality self-studies, such as the six articles in this issue of Studying...

Nicolas Roeg’s Walkabout (1971, script by Edward Bond1) is a wondrous journey of adventure, enchantment and friendship which takes place on the Australian outback. This film features a young Aborig...

“The Material Imperialism of the Home” in Paule Marshall’s The Chosen Place, The Timeless People argues that in the fictional Caribbean country Bourne Island, where this novel about post-World War ...

Olga Balashova - art historian, kmbs and KAMA lecturer, art critic, deputy director for the development of the National Art Museum of Ukraine (NAMU) in 2017-2020. The interview was recorded in February 2020 by assistant professor Anna Kaluger (Chair of Art History, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv). This interview was conducted as part of the Ph.D. research "The structure of art criticism in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century." The discussion will focus on the definition of art criticism in the Ukrainian art context and its disciplinary boundaries. Olga Balashova talks about her career path as art historian and critic, determining for her theoretical influences, the school of art history at NAOMA, and her research priorities within the study of the history of criticism. Part of the interview focuses on the methods of teaching criticism in the humanities in the context of the internetization of criticism and the loss of its usual disciplinary basis - the history of art. It will also discuss the genre classification of criticism at the level of objects of study, in particular: the portrait of the artist, curatorial strategy, or phenomenological study of artistic events. The final part of the interview focuses on options for constructing the history of criticism in Ukraine: both the history of resources and the history of authors, the history of interpretations, and the history of methodological approaches.

In ancient art, numbers are used as tools to give works appropriate proportions. They served the purpose of making the artwork harmonious and to guarantee that it achieved a timeless beauty. Greek ...

Man’s life has always been looked upon as a journey. Like any other journey, life has its own destination too. The destination is contingent on the direction the voyage is made. In case of the majority, the direction is outward – from the ‘self.’ That is why the common lot never become individuals. Rather they are reduced with time to a part of the system which is euphemistically called ‘human society.’ A few, however, make the movement in the opposite direction – to the ‘self.’ The journey of such a person is never easy. He needs to pass through various phases of life. Having done that, he gains ‘wholeness’ of existence, that is, his ‘self.’ In that self coexists the contrary inclinations – good and evil, moral and immoral, conscious and unconscious. Hermann Hesse’s timeless classic ‘Demian’ bears the same motif. The protagonist, Sinclair, is able to explore his self only when he has experienced the opposite forces of life. Sinclair’s friend Demian who throughout the journey remains his guide, becomes a part of his consciousness like God in the end.

In the centuries of its continuous circulation, Dante’s Comedy has been one the most productive examples of the transmedia potential of literary works. The timeless relevance of its fundamental moral questions, the cosmic dimension of its imaginative power, and the intensity of its realism, all hold unparalleled promise for any kind of adaptation, translation, or transmediation. The Comedy, and especially its first infernal cantica, gets periodically reinvented and transferred into creative outlets that are increasingly technology driven. This article will explore existing gaming adaptations of Dante’s Comedy, to focus on the one hand on textual aspects that are mostly exploited to achieve commercial success and on the other on the potential offered by the text and often marginalized by developers. The article will discuss ways in which new creative approaches would allow for a gaming experience with the authenticity, intensity, and relevance of the “original.”

Organisms use endogenous clocks to adapt to the rhythmicity of the environment and to synchronize social activities. Although the circadian cycle is implicated in aging, it is unknown whether natural variation in its function contributes to differences in lifespan between populations and whether the circadian clock of specific tissues is key for longevity. We have sequenced the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster strains with exceptional longevity that were obtained via multiple rounds of selection from a parental strain. Comparison of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data revealed that changes in gene expression due to intergenic polymorphisms are associated with longevity and preservation of skeletal muscle function with aging in these strains. Analysis of transcription factors differentially modulated in long-lived versus parental strains indicates a possible role of circadian clock core components. Specifically, there is higher period and timeless and lower cycle expression in the muscle of strains with delayed aging compared to the parental strain. These changes in the levels of circadian clock transcription factors lead to changes in the muscle circadian transcriptome, which includes genes involved in metabolism, proteolysis, and xenobiotic detoxification. Moreover, a skeletal muscle-specific increase in timeless expression extends lifespan and recapitulates some of the transcriptional and circadian changes that differentiate the long-lived from the parental strains. Altogether, these findings indicate that the muscle circadian clock is important for longevity and that circadian gene variants contribute to the evolutionary divergence in longevity across populations.

In search of ‘timeless’ norms or behavioral examples, the Gospel of John seems to offer few options. The principle of brotherly love exemplified in the act of foot washing is often considered as the only example of ethically significant material in the Johannine narrative. However, by taking a closer look at the ‘tempo’ of actions and the characters’ orientation in time, we can understand that Peter’s protest against the foot washing is not only in favor of norms that secure existing hierarchies, but is driven by temporal norms, i.e. his genuine fear of death. Peter’s protest (Jn 13.8) indicates his desire for the eternal life promised by Jesus (Jn 11.25-26) and at the same time it serves as a defense against the foot washing as pointing to his own burial, which he infers from Jesus’ earlier interpretation of the anointing of his feet (Jn 12.7). Starting from this vantage point, a multitude of other interesting (time) conflicts and behavioral patterns come to light, revealing both Jesus, through his act of foot washing, and all of those who encounter him in their own actions and reactions, as instructive moral agents.

This essay probes the resonance of Langston Hughes's writings from the vantage point of twenty-first century America. More specifically, the author points up Hughes's capacity to provide succor and comfort for contemporary readers who have suffered in the wake of death, including the death of Trayvon Martin and the racial overtones involved. Drawing from both personal and professional experience, the author demonstrates how Hughes's poetry can be interpreted in spiritual terms. At the same time, the author reexamines Hughes's racial politics, especially his criticism of a young black poet, whom many believe to be Countee Cullen, at the outset of his famous essay “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.”

A participação política dos intelectuais pode ocorrer de forma tradicional ou orgânica, sendo a primeira uma forma de expressão política, desenvolvida de forma desinteressada e não-mecânica. A participação política exercida pela expressão cultural artística musical é tradicional, sinalizada por Gramsci como uma forma de expressão de personalidade e de ideais políticos, e é atemporal. Neste estudo analisamos a participação política dos grandes compositores eruditos soviéticos, por meio de sua vida e obra, identificando os momentos em que proporcionaram ao mundo uma visão diferenciada do sentimento nacional frente ao regime comunista que se constituía na URSS, muitas vezes sendo questionados ou censurados.

Reliable supply chains are crucial to the competitiveness, survival and profitability of businesses While various aspects of supply chain logistics have been studied, their impacts on corrupt activity have not been fully understood This paper examines the impact of the different stages of supply chain logistics on corruption Besides adding insights into channels of potential corruption or rent-seeking, the research identifies potential stages of bureaucratic holdups related to the supply chain and can prove useful in the formulation of a more effective corruption-control policy We use data for about 150 nations over the period 2000–2018 and the econometric methodology controls for potential reverse feedback from corruption to logistics Our results show that an improvement in overall logistics performance reduces cross-country corruption, with individual dimensions of logistics having a differential corruption-reducing impact The main policy implication is that governmental efforts to reduce supply chain bottlenecks will have positive spillovers in terms of reduced corruption © 2020 The Authors Australian Economic Papers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

This chapter considers the way in which home might be understood as the constitution of personal rituals: secular and yet sacred, formalized and yet the expression of a creative individuality. It is in the performance of the rituals that home is experienced by the individual. The chapter confronts certain seeming paradoxes: between the secular and the sacred; between the ritualistic and the rational; between the formalized (apparently timeless and impersonal) and the individual-cum-personal. There is a routinality to ritual, but there is something more: an awareness of being present, a reflectivity; ritual represents a significant return. This rituality is able to lend to homeliness the sense of being centered and grounded.

This study aims to examine factors that influence the timeless of financial report. The independent variable of this research are profitability, firmsize, and the public ownership, while the dependent variable is timeless. The population of this research are property and real estate companies which are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange 2011-2014. The sample in this research is taken by using purposive sampling method with some carracteristics and consist of 30 companies. This research used secondary data from www.idx.co.id and the method of analysis used logistic regression analysis. The results show that the profitability is significantly influenced to the timeless of financial report, while both the firmsize and public ownership are not significantly influenced the timeless of financial report.

The aim of the research was to reveal the effectiveness of the use of the Robinson Strategy (SQ3R) in the development of reading absorption among middle-class second-grade students in the course of my timeless language course in Mecca. There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) between the average scoring of reading absorption skills (literal, inference, and monetary) in application (tribal-dimensional) in favor of the experimental group, and between the effect of the Robinson Strategy (SQ3R) in the development of reading absorption among middle-school students, the researcher recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the use of the Robinson Strategy (SQ3R) in the teaching of Arabic language for the purposes of achieving effective learning.

Eternity could be considered as both timeless “now” as well as the totalityof infinite time. In Western thought those two notions (or two meanings) coexist fora long time, however their senses, origins and context of functioning are different. Distinctionbetween those two meanings leads us to better comprehension of the very co cept of the eternity, and also provides us an useful tools to solve some classical philosophicalproblems connected with this concept, for example: problems of the eternity of the mathematics truths, eternity of the God or of the world.

The question of voice is a central and timeless political issue. Who gets to speak? Who is silenced? Who is listening? One of the main arenas for voice in modern, advanced democracies is the media. Media infrastructures, technologies, institutions and organizations are a precondition for political voice in large-scale societies, but are also an important factor in distributing the possibilities for voice among different groups and sectors of the population. In this article, we take on the question of voice in relation to social class and aim to analyse how the medium of television gives voice to people from different social classes. This study operationalizes the theoretical notion of voice by asking the following questions: who has the opportunity to appear and speak on television, to whom do they speak and under what circumstances does this communication occur? Based on a content analysis of television in Sweden, the results from this study show that voice is distributed in a highly unequal manner. It also shows that the relations enacted by television appearances conform to the social hierarchy. Whereas people from the ruling class frequently speak to people from the working and middle classes, they are rarely spoken to by members of a class that is positioned below their own. Television thus constructs a social hierarchy of voice and authority that reproduces and legitimizes already existing social hierarchies.

The Anatomy of a Traitor, by Michael Smith, is a book of largely historical anecdotes about the timeless motives people have for spying, broken down by chapter, namely sex, money, patriotism, adven...

The timeless2 (tim2) gene is an insect orthologue of the mammalian clock gene Timeless (mTim). Although its functional role has been extensively studied in mammals, little is known regarding its role in insects. In the present study, we obtained tim2 cDNA (Gb'tim2) from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus and characterized its functional role in embryonic development, egg production, and circadian rhythms. Gb'tim2 gave rise to a 1432 amino acid protein, and showed approximately 65% homology to that of Drosophila melanogaster. When treated with parental Gb'tim2RNAi, less than 2% of the treated eggs hatched. On the other hand, control eggs treated with DsRed2RNAi demonstrated a hatching rate of 70%. In most of the Gb'tim2RNAi treated embryos, development was arrested in early stages. Egg production in ovaries of adult virgin females treated with Gb'tim2RNAi was significantly reduced. In addition, while Gb'tim2RNAi crickets exhibited clear locomotor rhythm synchronized with light cycles, their light-on peak was weaker than that of control crickets. Under constant darkness, the activity rhythm of Gb'tim2RNAi crickets was often split into two components running with different periods. Molecular analysis revealed that Gb'tim2RNAi treatment downregulated mRNA levels of Gb'per and Gb'Clk, and enhanced Gb'cyc expression rhythm; no distinct effect was found on Gb'tim expression levels. The change in Gb'per, Gb'Clk and Gb'cyc levels may underlie the altered behavioral rhythms in Gb'tim2RNAi crickets. Both Gb'ClkRNAi and Gb'cycRNAi downregulated Gb'tim2 expression, which suggested that transcription of Gb'tim2 is mediated by Gb'CLK and Gb'CYC through E-box. These results suggested that Gb'tim2 may be involved in both reproduction and circadian rhythm regulation in crickets.

Vienuolis Michael Giedrojć (?1420–1485) yra ankstyvajai Lietuvos kriščionybei atstovaujanti figūra, jo beatifikacija yra parengta ir laukiama. Dėl šios priežasties šis asmuo turėtų būti žinomas plačiau, o jo dvasingumas detalizuotas ir labiau pabrėžtas. Dauguma vienuolio gyvenimo faktų yra perimti iš archyvinių šaltinių, jie pateikia jį kaip tvirtą asmenybę silpname kūne liudydami apie jo gilų mistinį dvasingumą, kurio prasmė išlieka universali, todėl svarbi ir galinti daug pasakyti ir šiuolaikinei Bažnyčiai bei pasauliui. Michael Giedrojć (?1420–1485) is a representative figure of the early Lithuanian Christianity, whose beatification is now prepared and awaited. For this reason he should be known more widely and his spirituality must be specified and promoted. The data of his life, mainly drawn from the unpublished archival sources, present firm personality in a frail body, evincing deep mystical spirituality of a universal meaning, thus telling much to the contemporary Church and world.

The traditional interpretation of Eleatism has it (1) that Melissus was a disciple of Parmenides (albeit with some divergences) and (2) that Parmenides believed in the timeless eternity of Being. It seems, on the contrary, (3) that Melissus acknowledged the reality of time by conceiving eternity as infinite time. Failing to justify this particular divergence from Parmenides’ approach, certain authors held that it was necessary to reinterpret the Melissan eternity as a form of infinite timelessness. This paper attempts to demonstrate that this reading is groundless and that if the traditional interpretation is questioned then one should reconsider the assumptions (1) and (2) but not (3).

The prior use and age make refurbished products a less desirable option because they are perceived to be of lower quality, to have a reduced performance and a less attractive appearance. This research investigates one strategy on how to enhance the appearance of refurbished products and thereby encourage circular consumption via refurbishment. In 21 in-depth interviews, we explore whether embodying refurbished products in a timeless design can serve as a potential strategy to influence consumer acceptance of refurbished products. Specifically, we examined two design styles that were proposed as timeless: the neo-retro design style, which evokes nostalgia and benefits from associations with the past, and the simplistic design style, that is independent of cultural or time-related cues. Our findings provided qualitative support that the neo-retro and the simplistic design styles can improve consumers’ evaluations of refurbished products. Both design styles were considered to be timeless and elicited favorable associations in consumers. While refurbished products, following a neo-retro design style, evoked positive associations with old products, such as feelings of nostalgia and the good quality of the past, simplistic products benefited from associations with durability and associations with high-quality brands.

Here we are, a full ten years past the global financial crisis, a time in which postcrisis seems simultaneously a timeless and an aspirational state. The lived consequences of ongoing reconfigurati...

We change directions to discuss the implications of a society where a portion of its creative output begins to increase significantly. Although we associate creativity with particular individuals more times than not, especially in the Pro-C category of creativity, rarely does the creative product represent the work of one individual, working in a vacuum, isolated. We point out that high levels of organizational creativity requires expertise that approach problems imaginatively motivated, either by the organization itself, or intrinsically as within the nature of the specific individuals. As we become swept up by the confluence of biological entities, at the phylogenic level (gene engineered), society at the sociogenic level and technology at the technogenic level, we will see profound changes in civilization as we know it.