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Marie Curie was born in Warsaw in1867. She graduated first in her class in her undergraduate programs in physics and mathematics at Sorbonne University, and she was one of the first women to earn a PhD. She was the first woman to win a Nobel prize (in physics, together with her husband, Pierre Curie), and she was also the first person to win a second Nobel prize in another category (chemistry). Her life is an example of dedication to science based on altruism, personal growth, and tenacity. Being the first woman to break through so many barriers in a totally male-dominated science makes her an emblematic figure in the fight for equal opportunities and human rights. This article reviews her most important contributions to science in general and to diagnostic radiology in particular through her participation in the French military's radiological plan during the First World War.

Long before the great Parisian shoemaker Sarkis Der Balian was making beautiful footwear for the likes of Marie Curie, Salvador Dali, Greta Garbo, and Jean Anouilh, he watched his sister die of foot gangrene from walking unshod on a forced march in Cilicia in 1915-1916. His family’s story within the larger story of the Armenian genocide could have led Sarkis down other career paths – perhaps as a surgeon after watching a brother die of a bowel obstruction from swallowing gold pieces on the sa...

Summary For this issue, Luc Zimmer, professor of pharmacology and chair of the Neuropsychopharmacology Committee of the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, talked with Michel Hamon, honorary director of research at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) and honorary professor of neuropharmacology at Paris-Sorbonne (Pierre et Marie Curie) University. Some of the leading names in neuropsychopharmacology research are mentioned, pointing to significant conceptual advances that founded this discipline. The links between psychopharmacology and neuropharmacology are also discussed in the light of past collaborations. Finally, priorities are proposed for the emergence of the psychopharmacology of the future.

This study investigates the potential of European universities as hosts for Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) grantees. Factors explaining both the probability of a university hosting an MSCA grantee and its extent are estimated using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Results reveal that the probability of hosting MSCA grantees increases significantly with excellence (research performance), size and country group of the university. In addition, a deepening of excellence (citations), international orientation and the teaching burden (student-staff ratio) are significant predictors for the extent of grantees. Based on the estimates, the relative performance of a university is identified by use of a frontier production function. This reveals that some universities in the Northwest of Europe host more MSCA grantees than would have been expected given their attributes, and certain top universities host fewer. These results could be related to marketing and support activities that partially offset the importance of research performance or alternative models for financing.

The work on this paper was finalized during M. Adm’s stay in the period May - July 2019 at the University of Konstanz which was funded by the Arab-German Young Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AGYA). The work of M. Adm leading to this publication was started during his work at the University of Konstanz in 2018, where he was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) with funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Frame-work Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement No.605728 (P.R.I.M.E. - Postdoctoral Researchers International Mobility Experience) and continued during his work at Palestine Polytechnic University.

This article examines the role of calling in the lives of two women: Marie Curie (born “Manya Sklodowska,” in Poland, 1867; died in France, 1934) and Mileva Einstein (born “Mileva Marić” in Serbia, 1875; died in Switzerland, 1948). We explore how the lives of these two women unfolded as they went through the crucibles of sensing, pursuing, and answering or missing their callings.

Histories of women in science often focus on special or unusually successful female researchers, such as Nobel-prize winning chemist and physicist Marie Curie, and take a ‘great life’ approach, whi...

We report the development of highly efficient and stable solution-processed organic light emitting transistors (OLETs) that combine a polymer heterostructure with the transparent high-k dielectric poly(vinylidenefluoride0.62-trifluoroethylene0.31-chlorotrifluoroethylene0.7) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)). The polymer heterostructure comprises of the poly[4-(4,4- dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4- c]pyridine] (PCDTPT) and Super Yellow as charge transporting and light emitting layers, respectively. Device characterization shows that the use of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) leads to larger channel currents (≈2 mA) and lower operating voltages (-35 V) than for previously reported polymer based OLETs. Furthermore, the combined transparency of the dielectric and gate electrode, results in efficient bottom emission with external quantum efficiency of ≈0.88 % at a luminance L ≥ 2000 cd m−2. Importantly, the resulting OLETs exhibit excellent shelf life and operational stability. The present work represents a significant step forward in the pursuit of all-solution-processed OLET technology for lighting and display applications.

Alkanes are key components in gasoline, jet and diesel fuels and considerably influence the combustion behavior of these fuels because of their wide range of reactivity. An improved understanding of their combustion behavior and the development of chemical kinetic models that can accurately simulate their combustion behavior are important for the development of next-generation internal-combustion and gas-turbine engines. The current work provides improved insight into oxidation mechanisms of a representative family of hydrocarbon fuels, specifically the hexane isomers: n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutane. These isomers provide carbon "skeletons" ranging from straight-chained to highly-branched and provide a framework for the subsequent development of kinetic mechanisms for larger alkanes. New ignition delay times for the four branched hexane isomers were measured in a high-pressure shock tube and in a rapid compression machine, both at stoichiometric conditions (phi= 1), p =15 bar and X-O2 = 21% over temperatures from 600 to1300 K. These data were combined with previously published measurements under the same conditions for the remaining n-hexane isomer to provide a complete body of experimental data for kinetic modeling analysis. In addition, very recent experimental measurements of individual intermediate chemical species concentrations from all five hexane isomers in a jet-stirred reactor are also included and provide another family of data for further assessment of hexane isomer reactivity. Different reactivities were observed for each hexane isomer in each experimental facility, resulting from differences in their molecular structures. Consistent reaction rate rules have been applied to develop a combined detailed chemical kinetic model for all five hexane isomers. Kinetic model validation studies are reported to show that the current model reproduces well the ignition delay times of all five alkane isomers, as well as their variations in reactivity over a wide range of temperatures and other operating conditions. Equally important, these results show that it is not necessary to have a separate, different kinetic model for each isomer of a family of alkane fuels and that a single, coherent, integrated set of reaction rate classes and rules is sufficient to accurately describe combustion rates of combustion of straight-chain n-alkanes and branched-chain alkane fuels. This suggests strongly that a single set of reaction classes and rate rules should be sufficient to describe combustion kinetics of alkane fuels of any size and degree of branching. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. The work by authors at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was conducted as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) project sponsored by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies and Vehicle Technologies Offices. The research at NUIG received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/ under REA grant agreement no 607214 and from Science Foundation Ireland via their Principal Investigator Program through project number 15/IA/3177. peer-reviewed 2021-05-09

Barbara Monroe is a trustee of Marie Curie, a registered charity in England and Wales. She is a Special Commissioner of the Royal Hospital Chelsea, an independent member of the Community, Voluntary...

Unlike conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores, boron-centered azatriangulene-like molecules combine a small excited-state singlet-triplet energy gap with high oscillator strengths and minor reorganization energies. Here, using highly correlated quantum-chemical calculations, we report this is driven by short-range reorganization of the electron density taking place upon electronic excitation of these multi-resonant structures. Based on this finding, we design a series of π-extended boron- and nitrogen-doped nanographenes as promising candidates for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with concomitantly decreased singlet-triplet energy gaps, improved oscillator strengths and core rigidity compared to previously reported structures, permitting both emission color purity and tunability across the visible spectrum., Thermally activated delayed fluorescence is a mechanism for enhancing the efficiency of organic light emitting diodes by harvesting triplet excitons, but there is still a need to design more efficient materials. Here, the authors rationally design and characterize a series of π-extended boron- and nitrogen-doped nanographenes as promising candidates.

Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non‐uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label‐free biosensing., This work was partially supported by the BEST Postdoctoral Programme funded by the European Commission under Horizon 2020's Marie Curie Sklodowska‐Curie Actions COFUND scheme (GA 712754) and the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness (SEV‐2014‐0425), the BORGES project (Marie Curie Skłodowska European Training Network (MSCA‐ITN‐ETN)) under the Grant Agreement (GA 813863), and the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Nanoelectrophys project, TEC2016‐79156‐P). Support from an ICREA Academia award (G.G.), the 2017‐SGR1079 grant, and the CERCA program from the Generalitat de Catalunya is also acknowledged. F.L. and M.M.‐T. were funded by the Spanish Ministry (project FANCY CTQ2016‐80030‐R and GENESIS PID2019‐111682RB‐I00), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017‐SGR‐918), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV‐2015‐0496). F.L. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva fellowship. L.F. received funding from the European Research Council (grant agreement No. 819417) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. This work also received funding from the European Commission under Grant Agreement No. H2020‐MSCA‐721874 (SPM2.0). The authors would like to thank Prof. T. Cramer for the measurement software of the EGOFETs and for scientific discussion. The acknowledgements were updated to include a grant from the European Commission on January 27, 2021, after initial online publication.

Most funding agencies rely on peer review to evaluate grant applications and proposals, but research into the use of this process by funding agencies has been limited. Here we explore if two changes to the organization of peer review for proposals submitted to various funding actions by the European Union has an influence on the outcome of the peer review process. Based on an analysis of more than 75,000 applications to three actions of the Marie Curie programme over a period of 12 years, we find that the changes – a reduction in the number of evaluation criteria used by reviewers and a move from in-person to virtual meetings – had little impact on the outcome of the peer review process. Our results indicate that other factors, such as the type of grant or area of research, have a larger impact on the outcome.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., The research was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (771234–PALEoRIDER, to W.H.; 805268–CoDisEASe to K. Bos; 834616–ARCHCAUCASUS to S.H.), the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme and Marie Curie Actions under the Programme SASPRO (1340/03/03 to P.C.R.), the ERA.NET RUS Plus–S&T programm of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (277–BIOARCCAUCASUS to S.Re. and S.H.), the Werner Siemens Stiftung (“Paleobiochemistry”, to CW), the Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences (to M.E.), the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985912, to M.Dobe.), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-09-00354a, to M.K.K. and V.V.K.; 19-78-10053 to SSh), the German Research Foundation (DFG-HA-5407/4-1–INTERACT to W.H. and RE2688/2 to S.Re.), the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-FRAL-0010–INTERACT, to M.F.D., M.Ri., S.Ro., S.Sai., D.Bi., and P.Le.), the Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (9558 to S.Sab.), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP08856654 to L.B.D., L.M., and E.Kh. and AP08857177 to A.Z.B.).

Drug repurposing is a convenient alternative when the need for new drugs in an unexpected medical scenario is urgent, as is the case of emerging pathogens. In recent years, approaches based on network biology have demonstrated to be superior to genecentric ones.1 Here, we use an innovative methodology that combines mechanistic modeling of the signal transduction circuits related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (the COVID-19 disease map) with a machine-learning algorithm that learns potential causal interactions between proteins, already targets of drugs, and specific signaling circuits in the COVID-19 disease map, to suggest potentially repurposable drugs., This work is supported by grants SAF2017-88908-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, PT17/0009/0006, ACCI2018/29 from CIBER-ISCIII and COV20/00788 from the ISCIII, co-funded with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the grant “Large-scale drug repurposing in rare diseases by genomic Big Data analysis with machine learning methods” from the Fundación BBVA (G999088Q), as well as H2020 Programme of the European Union grants Marie Curie Innovative Training Network “Machine Learning Frontiers in Precision Medicine” (MLFPM) (GA 813533).

Cosmological parameter estimation from forthcoming experiments promise to reach much greater precision than current constraints. As statistical errors shrink, the required control over systematic errors increases. Therefore, models or approximations that were sufficiently accurate so far, may introduce significant systematic biases in the parameter best-fit values and jeopardize the robustness of cosmological analyses. We generalize previously proposed expressions to estimate a priori the systematic error introduced in parameter inference due to the use of insufficiently good approximations in the computation of the observable of interest or the assumption of an incorrect underlying model. Although this methodology can be applied to measurements of any scientific field, we illustrate its power by studying the effect of modeling the angular galaxy power spectrum incorrectly. We also introduce Multi CLASS, a new, public modification of the Boltzmann code CLASS, which includes the possibility to compute angular cross-power spectra for two different tracers. We find that significant biases in most of the cosmological parameters are introduced if one assumes the Limber approximation or neglects lensing magnification in modern galaxy survey analyses, and the effect is in general larger for the multi-tracer case, especially for the parameter controlling primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type, f., JLB is supported by the Allan C. and Dorothy H. Davis Fellowship, and has been supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant BES-2015-071307, co-funded by the ESF during part of the development of this work. Funding for this work was partially provided by the Spanish MINECO under projects AYA2014-58747-P AEI/FEDER, UE, and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia Mar´ıa de Maeztu). NB is supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant BES-2015-073372. AR has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union H2020 Programme under REA grant agreement number 706896 (COSMOFLAGS). LV acknowledges support by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC (BePreSySe, grant agreement 725327).

This article explores how Lauren Redniss’s 'Radioactive: Marie & Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout' (2010) uses expressive drawings, lettering, layouts, tableaus, colour, photographs and archival documents to challenge traditional biographical conventions. Drawing on art history, comics studies, feminist science history, and biography theory, it proposes that 'Radioactive' initially invites readers into the pleasures of intimate knowledge of a complex female figure through alluring hand-drawn visual sequences that recreate both Curie’s era and aura. However, this romanticized and even eroticized view of the subject shifts as the graphic biography of Marie Curie transforms into the graphic biography of her primary discovery, the element radium, and the later twentieth century tragedies of atomic warfare and nuclear fallout. The article concludes that 'Radioactive' is an experiment in graphic biography that highlights how the border between the seen and the unseen cuts across atomic science, biographical narrative, and visual storytelling.

International audience; Iron is a key micronutrient in seawater, but concentrations would be negligible without the presence of organic ligands. The processes influencing the ligand pool composition are poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of the controls on dissolved iron distributions. To address this, the release of iron and iron-binding ligands during the microbial remineralization of sinking particles was investigated by deploying in situ particle interceptor/incubator devices at subsurface sites in the Mediterranean Sea and Subantarctic. Analyses revealed that the pool of released ligands was largely dominated by electroactive humic substances (74 ± 28%). The release of ligands during remineralization ensured that concurrently released iron remained in solution, which is crucial for iron regeneration. This study presents compelling evidence of the key role of humic ligands in the subsurface replenishment of dissolved iron and thus on the wider oceanic dissolved iron inventory, which ultimately controls the magnitude of iron resupplied to the euphotic zone. Plain Language Summary Microscopic plants and animals in seawater require nutrients to survive. One of these key nutrients is iron, dissolved in seawater at very low concentrations. The growth of around half of the microscopic life in the upper ocean is dependent on the availability of this dissolved iron. These organisms form the bottom of the food chain, and their growth is linked to marine productivity and the drawdown of carbon into the deep ocean, in turn influencing climate change. Because iron tends to not dissolve easily in seawater, it must bind with compounds known as ligands, which help keep iron dissolved. However, processes controlling the composition of this ligand pool are poorly understood. As material sinks through the water column, it is broken down by marine microbes, releasing iron and ligands. Here we have studied the release of iron, ligands, and a specific type of ligand known as humic substances, during the microbial degradation of sinking particles. By doing this, we have identified a large fraction of the released ligand pool. This furthers our understanding of the processes controlling dissolved iron concentrations and distributions in ocean waters, providing key information for biogeochemical modeling and for calculating carbon sequestration in seawater.

Microfluidic technologies are highly adept at generating controllable compositional gradients in fluids, a feature that has accelerated the understanding of the importance of chemical gradients in biological processes. That said, the development of versatile methods to generate controllable compositional gradients in the solid‐state has been far more elusive. The ability to produce such gradients would provide access to extensive compositional libraries, thus enabling the high‐throughput exploration of the parametric landscape of functional solids and devices in a resource‐, time‐, and cost‐efficient manner. Herein, the synergic integration of microfluidic technologies is reported with blade coating to enable the controlled formation of compositional lateral gradients in solution. Subsequently, the transformation of liquid‐based compositional gradients into solid‐state thin films using this method is demonstrated. To demonstrate efficacy of the approach, microfluidic‐assisted blade coating is used to optimize blending ratios in organic solar cells. Importantly, this novel technology can be easily extended to other solution processable systems that require the formation of solid‐state compositional lateral gradients., The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV‐2015‐0496) and project reference PGC2018‐095411‐B‐I00 as well as the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement no. 648901. J.P.‐L. acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant microCrysFact (ERC‐2015‐STG No. 677020) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (200021_181988) and ETH Zürich. R. R.‐T. acknowledges the support from Generalitat de Catalunya and the COFUND programme of the Marie Curie Actions of the 7th R&D Framework Programme of the European Union (BP‐B 00256). X.R.‐M. acknowledges the departments of Physics, Chemistry and Geology of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) as coordinators of the PhD programme in Materials Science. X.R.‐M. and C.F. acknowledge Nicole Kleger‐Schai from ETH Zürich for her valuable help in using the rheometer. X.R.‐M. and M.C.‐Q. acknowledge Dr. Joan M. Cabot from the University of Tasmania for fruitful discussions on 3D printing. D.B.A. thanks the University of Nottingham Beacon Propulsion Futures.

In the era of precision cosmology, establishing the correct magnitude of statistical errors in cosmological parameters is of crucial importance. However, widely used approximations in galaxy surveys analyses can lead to parameter uncertainties that are grossly mis-estimated, even in a regime where the theory is well understood (e.g., linear scales). These approximations can be introduced at three different levels: in the form of the likelihood, in the theoretical modelling of the observable and in the numerical computation of the observable. Their consequences are important both in data analysis through e.g., Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter inference, and when survey instrument and strategy are designed and their constraining power on cosmological parameters is forecasted, for instance using Fisher matrix analyses. In this work, considering the galaxy angular power spectrum as the target observable, we report one example of approximation for each of such three categories: neglecting off-diagonal terms in the covariance matrix, neglecting cosmic magnification and using the Limber approximation on large scales. We show that these commonly used approximations affect the robustness of the analysis and lead, perhaps counter-intuitively, to unacceptably large mis-estimates of parameters errors (from few 10% up to few 100%) and correlations. Furthermore, these approximations might even spoil the benefits of the nascent multi-tracer and multi-messenger cosmology. Hence we recommend that the type of analysis presented here should be repeated for every approximation adopted in survey design or data analysis, to quantify how it may affect the results. To this aim, we have developed Multi CLASS, a new extension of CLASS that includes the angular power spectrum for multiple (galaxy and other tracers such as gravitational waves) populations. The public release of Multi CLASS is associated with this paper., Funding for this work was partially provided by the Spanish MINECO under projects AYA2014- 58747-P AEI/FEDER, UE, and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu). NB is supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant BES-2015-073372. JLB is supported by the Allan C. and Dorothy H. Davis Fellowship, and has been supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant BES-2015-071307, co-funded by the ESF during part of the development of this work. AR has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union H2020 Programme under REA grant agreement number 706896 (COSMOFLAGS). GS was supported by the Erasmus+ for Trainership grant during the early stages of this work, subsequently by grant from the “Maria de Maeztu de Ci`encies del Cosmos” project mentioned above. GS is supported by the INFN INDARK PD51 grant. LV acknowledges support by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC (BePreSySe, grant agreement 725327).

We discuss the response of an rf-SQUID formed by anomalous Josephson junctions embedded in a superconducting ring with a non-negligible inductance. We demonstrate that a properly sweeping in-plane magnetic field can cause both the total flux and the current circulating in the device to modulate and to behave hysteretically. The bistable response of the system is analyzed as a function of the anomalous phase shift at different values of the screening parameter, in order to highlight the parameter range within which a hysteretic behavior can be observed. The magnetic flux piercing the SQUID ring is demonstrated to further modulate the hysteretical response of the system. Moreover, we show that the anomalous phase shift can be conveniently determined through the measurement of the out-of-plane magnetic field at which the device switches to the voltage state and the number of trapped flux quanta changes. Finally, we compare the response of two different device configurations, namely, a SQUID including only one or two anomalous junctions. In view of these results, the proposed device can be effectively used to detect and measure the anomalous Josephson effect., F.S.B., C.S.-F., and C.G. acknowledge funding by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, y Universidades (MICINN) (Project No. FIS2017-82804-P). F.S.B. acknowledges partial support by Grupos Consolidados UPV/EHU del Gobierno Vasco (Grant No. IT1249-19), and by EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 800923 (SUPERTED). The work of E.S. was supported by a Marie Curie Individual Fellowship (MSCA-IFEFST No. 660532-SuperMag). E.S., N.L., and F.G. acknowledge partial financial support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant No. 615187-COMANCHE. E.S., A.I., N.L., F.S.B., and F.G. were partially supported by EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 800923 (SUPERTED). A.B. acknowledges the CNR-CONICET cooperation program Energy Conversion in Quantum Nanoscale Hybrid Devices, the SNS-WIS joint laboratory QUANTRA, funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, and the Royal Society through the International Exchanges between the UK and Italy (GrantsNo. IES R3 170054 and No. IEC R2 192166).

This paper examines the state of Ashʿarī scholarship in Ifrīqiya between the seventh/thirteenth and eighth/fourteenth centuries. It studies intellectual influences in the works of several theologians from this era, including the continuous Juwaynian impact, the rising engagement with Aristotelian logic, and the early reception of al-Rāzī’s works in the Maghrib., This work was funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no. 624808 and the Spanish government’s Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC-2015-18346).

Constraints on dark matter annihilation or decay offer unique insights into the nature of dark matter. We illustrate how surveys dedicated to detect the highly redshifted 21 cm signal from the dark ages will offer a new window into properties of particle dark matter. The 21 cm intensity mapping signal and its fluctuations are sensitive to energy injection from annihilation or decay of long-lived particles in a way that is complementary to other probes. We present forecasted constraints from forthcoming and next-generation radio surveys. We show that, while SKA might be capable of a detection for some cases, the most promising opportunity to detect dark matter in the 21 cm intensity mapping signal is with a futuristic radio array on the lunar far-side, with the potential to detect a signal many orders of magnitude weaker than current or maximal constraints from other probes., Funding for this work was partially provided by the Spanish MINECO under projects AYA2014-58747- P AEI/FEDER UE and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu). KS has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk lodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713673. KS has received financial support through the “la Caixa” INPhINIT Fellowship Grant for Doctoral studies at Spanish Research Centres of Excellence, “la Caixa” Banking Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. JLB has been supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant BES-2015-071307, co-funded by the ESF, during part of the development of this project. AR has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union H2020 Programme under REA grant agreement number 706896 (COSMOFLAGS). LV acknowledges support of European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC (BePreSySe, grant agreement 725327). JC is supported by the Royal Society as a Royal Society URF at the University of Manchester, UK and the ERC Consolidator Grant CMBSPEC (No. 725456) as part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.

This work is supported by DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC(Canada), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF andDFG (Germany), INFN (Italy), FOM (Netherlands), NFR (Norway), MES (Russia), MICIIN (Spain), and STFC(United Kingdom). Individuals have received support fromthe Marie Curie EIF (European Union), the A. P. Sloan Foundation (USA), and the Binational Science Foundation(SA-Israel).

References compiled in the USA (as distinct from Europe) for the years to 1903 are contained in this bibliography. The summaries provide an interesting insight into the opinions and knowledge on radium which were held in the USA during the first few years after its discovery in 1898. The compiler of these references was almost certainly a profesor of chemistry and mineralogist, Charles Baskerville (1872–1922) of New York. Some references are from academic scientific journals whereas others are from the popular scientific press. In these early years following the discovery of radium, publications and commentaries on them were far more in Europe than in the United States. This scientific fact gives some importance to this bibliography. I have retained the original spelling and punctuation used by Baskerville.

Policies to extend working life (EWL) assume homogeneous workers face similar choices about working longer: this may be difficult for women, workers in physically onerous jobs or in low-paid precarious employment. Work-life trajectories are gendered; women interrupt employment and pension-building to provide care. There is occupational variation in capacities to prolong working lives: physically demanding jobs cause work-related health deficits. The precariously employed cannot contribute regularly to pensions and may face age discrimination. This research provides an inter-occupational and cross-national dimension to EWL research, comparing women teachers and health-care workers in the United States of America (USA) and Republic of Ireland. It documents intra-cohort distinctions that emerge among women when considering educational opportunities and occupational tracks expressed in lifecourse trajectories and accumulated capacities for extended work. Analysis draws on interview data from ten teachers and ten healthcare workers in each country, comparing the implications of EWL policies for women workers: in precarious versus secure occupations and occupations with different physical demands. It reveals work-life trajectories leading to poorer financial and health outcomes for older health-care workers, especially in the USA. Most women (regardless of occupation or country) opposed extending working life, with concerns ranging from health status and ability to work to the desire to have healthy years in retirement. The most important distinctions are between the occupational categories considered, rather than cross-national differences. Implications for national and work-place policy and research are considered. The research on which this paper is based was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. This article is also based on work from COST Action IS1409, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Funding from the State University of New York College of Arts and Sciences enabled the authors to collaborate on the paper. Funders played no role in the design, execution, analysis or interpretation of data or the writing of the study. peer-reviewed

Marie Curie holds iconic status both within the scientific community and in the wider cultural imagination and collective memory. The first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize and the only woman to achieve such an honor twice, Curie is widely celebrated as a female pioneer in the sciences and is held up as a model for all, but particularly women, to emulate. She is revered not only as a ground-breaking scientist, but also as a devoted wife and mother who fostered intellectual passion in her own children, one of whom became the second woman to be honored with the Nobel Prize in Science. Echoing Eva Hemmungs Wirten, we argue that the evolution of Curie’s status over time offers an opportunity to use meta-biography to understand the layered nature of her reputation. We draw on Gary Alan Fine’s theory of reputational entrepreneurship to understand her legacy as a product of collective historical memory. Curie’s legacy was not pre-determined by the fact that she was a successful scientist; in fact, she was shunned by the public in France in 1911 after it was revealed that she, a widow, had engaged in an affair with a fellow married scientist. A meta-biographical analysis reveals considerable effort was put into reputation building by her Curie herself, her commercial sponsor, and family members. To ignore the earlier iterations of her reputation is to underestimate the challenges she faced as a woman in male-dominated science and in a society that judged her by a sexual double standard. Meta-biography, in conjunction with theories of intellectual reputation building and collective memory, allows us to unearth the complicated layers of Curie’s story. It also tells us a great deal about the [sexist] society in which Curie and her supporters had to forge her reputation.

The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is At¯tFB=0.128±0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions., Physical Review Letters, 120 (4), ISSN:0031-9007, ISSN:1079-7114

Many scholars have mulled over the friendship between Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, despite the paucity of evidence required to establish a rounded view of it. The latest attempt is The Soul of Genius by Jeffrey Orens—a former chemical engineer, a historical writer, and, evidently, a serial anecdotalist. The book aims to illuminate the relationship between the two scientists, which first flowered at the inaugural Solvay Conference in late October 1911.

This study characterizes the processes involved in seasonal CO exchange between soils and shallow underground systems and explores the contribution of the different biotic and abiotic sources as a function of changing weather conditions. We spatially and temporally investigated five karstic caves across the Iberian Peninsula, which presented different microclimatic, geologic and geomorphologic features. The locations present Mediterranean and Oceanic climates. Spot air sampling of CO (g) and δCO in the caves, soils and outside atmospheric air was periodically conducted. The isotopic ratio of the source contribution enhancing the CO concentration was calculated using the Keeling model. We compared the isotopic ratio of the source in the soil (δC–soil) with that in the soil-underground system (δC–system). Although the studied field sites have different features, we found common seasonal trends in their values, which suggests a climatic control over the soil air CO and the δCO of the sources of CO in the soil (δC–soil) and the system (δC–system). The roots respiration and soil organic matter degradation are the main source of CO in underground environments, and the inlet of the gas is mainly driven by diffusion and advection. Drier and warmer conditions enhance soil-exterior CO interchange, reducing the CO concentration and increasing the δCO of the soil air. Moreover, the isotopic ratio of the source of CO in both the soil and the system tends to heavier values throughout the dry and warm season. We conclude that seasonal variations of soil CO concentration and its C/C isotopic ratio are mainly regulated by thermo-hygrometric conditions. In cold and wet seasons, the increase of soil moisture reduces soil diffusivity and allows the storage of CO in the subsoil. During dry and warm seasons, the evaporation of soil water favours diffusive and advective transport of soil-derived CO to the atmosphere. The soil CO diffusion is enough important during this season to modify the isotopic ratio of soil produced CO (3–6‰ heavier). Drought induces release of CO with an isotopic ratio heavier than produced by organic sources. Consequently, climatic conditions drive abiotic processes that turn regulate a seasonal storage of soil-produced CO within soil and underground systems. The results here obtained imply that abiotic emissions of soil-produced CO must be an inherent consequence of droughts, which intensification has been forecasted at global scale in the next 100 years., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness projects CGL2016-78318-C2-1R and CGL2016-78318-C2-2R AEI/FEDER/UE and its programme Torres Quevedo (PTQ 13-06296). Funding was also provided by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions-Intra-European Fellowships, call 2013) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the REA grant agreement nº 624204.

Excavation and laboratory analyses were funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA agreement n° 623293 granted to D.E.F. at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge.

This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF, 328636).

M.C.G. acknowledges support from European Union Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG12-GA-2012-334407). E.Z.-C. acknowledges support from the Leverhulme trust (RPG-2016- 047).

To evaluate the effects of artesunate on organ injury and dysfunction associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS) in the rat.HS is still a common cause of death in severely injured patients and is characterized by impairment of organ perfusion, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. There is no specific therapy that reduces organ injury/dysfunction. Artesunate exhibits pharmacological actions beyond its antimalarial activity, such as anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects.Rats were submitted to HS. Mean arterial pressure was reduced to 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes, followed by resuscitation. Rats were randomly treated with artesunate (2.4 or 4.8 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle upon resuscitation. Four hours later, parameters of organ injury and dysfunction were assessed.Artesunate attenuated the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by HS. Pathway analysis of RNA sequencing provided good evidence to support an effect of artesunate on the Akt-survival pathway, leading to downregulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed that treatment of HS rats with artesunate enhanced the phosphorylation (activation) of Protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the phosphorylation (inhibition) of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, artesunate attenuated the HS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B and reduced the expression of proinflammatory proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6).Artesunate attenuated the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS by a mechanism that involves the activation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase survival pathway, and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear factor kappa B. A phase II clinical trial evaluating the effects of good manufacturing practice-artesunate in patients with trauma and severe hemorrhage is planned.

The dynamical processes taking place on a network depend on its topology. Influencing the growth process of a network therefore has important implications on such dynamical processes. We formulate the problem of influencing the growth of a network as a stochastic optimal control problem in which a structural cost function penalizes undesired topologies. We approximate this control problem with a restricted class of control problems that can be solved using probabilistic inference methods. To deal with the increasing problem dimensionality, we introduce an adaptive importance sampling method for approximating the optimal control. We illustrate this methodology in the context of formation of information cascades, considering the task of influencing the structure of a growing conversation thread, as in Internet forums. Using a realistic model of growing trees, we show that our approach can yield conversation threads with better structural properties than the ones observed without control., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures

Radioactive, a new biopic of Marie Curie, weaves together her personal story, her discoveries and the repercussions of her research into radioactivity.

Floriana Tuna is a Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow at the University of Manchester (UoM). She holds MSc and PhD degrees in chemistry from the University of Bucharest (1989) and National Academy of Romania (1997), respectively. She worked as a visiting DAAD fellow at the University of Heidelberg (Germany), a CNRS postdoctoral fellow at ICMCB Bordeaux (France), and a Marie Curie fellow at the University of Warwick (UK) before joining UoM in 2003. She received the Romanian Academy “Ilie Murgulescu” Prize for excellence in research in 2005 and has published over 300 high-impact papers. Her major interests are in coordination chemistry, molecular magnetism, and quantum information science.

Radioactive fails to get under the physicist’s skin. By Georgina Ferry Radioactive fails to get under the physicist’s skin. By Georgina Ferry

Within this paper we discuss a numerical strategy to solve the elasticity problem upon unstructured and non conforming meshes, allowing all kinds of flat-faced elements (polygons in 2D and polyhedra in 3D). The core of the formulation relies on two numerical procedures 1) the Control Volume Function Approximation (CVFA), and 2) the polynomial interpolation in the neighborhood of the control volumes, which is used to solve the surface integrals resulting from applying the divergence theorem. By comparing the estimated stress against the analytical stress field of the well known test of an infinite plate with a hole, we show that this conservative approach is robust and accurate. The present investigation was sponsored by a CONACYT scolarship from the Mexican government and the TCAiNMaND project, an IRSES Marie Curie initiative under the European Union 7th Framework Programme. In addition, the authors want to express his gratitude to MSc. Ernesto Ortega, and to Drs. Rafel Herrera and Joaquin Peña for his insightful commments and discussions during the elaboration of this paper.

Efficient and versatile spin-to-charge current conversion is crucial for the development of spintronic applications, which strongly rely on the ability to electrically generate and detect spin currents. In this context, the spin Hall effect has been widely studied in heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling. While the high crystal symmetry in these materials limits the conversion to the orthogonal configuration, unusual configurations are expected in low symmetry transition metal dichalcogenide semimetals, which could add flexibility to the electrical injection and detection of pure spin currents. Here, we report the observation of spin-to-charge conversion in MoTe$_2$ flakes, which are stacked in graphene lateral spin valves. We detect two distinct contributions arising from the conversion of two different spin orientations. In addition to the conventional conversion where the spin polarization is orthogonal to the charge current, we also detect a conversion where the spin polarization and the charge current are parallel. Both contributions, which could arise either from bulk spin Hall effect or surface Edelstein effect, show large efficiencies comparable to the best spin Hall metals and topological insulators. Our finding enables the simultaneous conversion of spin currents with any in-plane spin polarization in one single experimental configuration., 14 pages, 4 figures, and Supporting Information

Psychophysical thresholds were measured for 8-16 year-old children with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (MMHL; N = 46) on a battery of auditory processing tasks that included measures designed to be predominantly reliant upon frequency selectivity, and sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS) or envelope cues. Children with MMHL who wore hearing aids were tested in both unaided and aided conditions, and all were compared to a group of normally hearing (NH) age-matched controls. Children with MMHL performed more poorly than NH controls on tasks considered to be dependent upon frequency selectivity, sensitivity to TFS, and speech discrimination (/bɑ/-/dɑ/), but not on tasks measuring sensitivity to envelope cues. Auditory processing deficits remained regardless of age, were observed in both unaided and aided conditions, and could not be attributed to differences in nonverbal IQ or attention between groups. However, better auditory processing for children with MMHL was predicted by better audiometric thresholds and, for aided tasks only, higher levels of maternal education. These results suggest that, as for adults with MMHL, children with MMHL may show deficits in their frequency selectivity and sensitivity to TFS, but that sensitivity to envelope cues may remain intact.

Clinton, Chelsea. She Persisted Around the World. Illustrated by Alexandra Boiger, Philomel Books, 2018. Chelsea Clinton and Alexandra Boiger give us a walk through historic and present day women showing us each woman’s great submission to the world we live in. Whether it be through overcoming their own disability, overcoming others’ views on placement of women, or overcoming another’s thoughts on what women are allowed to do, the main focus is on the fact that they persisted. Using these circumstances that could have gobbled them up, they chose to take the road less travelled and fight for what they believed in—these are stories of women who did not give up but persisted through whatever was trying to hold them back. This book gives us short stories about strong women from the past, like Marie Curie, all the way to amazing women that we are lucky enough to have with us today, like Malala Yousafzai and J.K. Rowling. This shows us that we can look to the past for heroes, but sometimes there are heroes who can be found in our own generation. Chelsea Clinton and Alexandra Boiger did a beautiful job displaying beautiful, imagination igniting pictures and thought-inducing stories that describe the women, what they persisted through, and what they accomplished. Some women even received the Nobel Peace Prize for their contributions. The beautiful drawings showcase each woman’s struggle to persist through her personal issue. Some are simple drawings and others are intricate interpretations that bring their story to life. The illustrations show people from different areas of the world and it even includes a Canadian connection. As Canadians, we can see our faces in this book as a mirror and can see it does not matter what colour our skin is, what area of the world we come from, or what our family circumstances are, we just need to be true to our beliefs and true to our voice in our world. This book empowers young girls to become powerful women. As the author, Chelsea Clinton, says eloquently at the end of the book for our girls to “speak up, rise up, dream big. These women did that and more. They persisted and so should you.” Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Leone Socha Leone Socha is a University of Alberta undergraduate student who has loved reading her whole life. When she is not busy studying she is running after her husband and three children!

Some animals hide food to consume later; however, these caches are susceptible to theft by conspecifics and heterospecifics. Caching animals can use protective strategies to minimize sensory cues available to potential pilferers, such as caching in shaded areas and in quiet substrate. Background matching (where object patterning matches the visual background) is commonly seen in prey animals to reduce conspicuousness, and caching animals may also use this tactic to hide caches, for example, by hiding coloured food in a similar coloured substrate. We tested whether California scrub-jays ( Aphelocoma californica ) camouflage their food in this way by offering them caching substrates that either matched or did not match the colour of food available for caching. We also determined whether this caching behaviour was sensitive to social context by allowing the birds to cache when a conspecific potential pilferer could be both heard and seen (acoustic and visual cues present), or unseen (acoustic cues only). When caching events could be both heard and seen by a potential pilferer, birds cached randomly in matching and non-matching substrates. However, they preferentially hid food in the substrate that matched the food colour when only acoustic cues were present. This is a novel cache protection strategy that also appears to be sensitive to social context. We conclude that studies of cache protection strategies should consider the perceptual capabilities of the cacher and potential pilferers.

This journal special section contains a number of papers from a project called Planning, Urban Management and Heritage (PUMAH). PUMAH was a project that ran between 2012 and 2016, financed by the European Union under its Framework 7 programme and specifically Marie Curie Actions – International Research Staff Exchange Scheme.

Spatial behavioural types (SBTs) arise from between-individual differences in behavioural traits that foster spatial behavioural patterns that are consistent over time and ecological contexts. Fish stocks are regularly assessed using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as input data that may non-linearly co-vary with the underlying abundance (N) of the exploited stock when SBT affect catchability. We hypothesized that SBT promote characteristic changes in catchability within harvesting seasons that affect catch rates and in turn catch-based fish stock assessments. To test this hypothesis, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based simulation where we measured encounters between fish and fishers and estimated the shape of the CPUE-N relationship. We ran the simulation in a prototypical fish-fisher encounter-leads-to-catch-type fishery and systematically studied outcomes in the presence or absence of SBTs. It was revealed that the existence of SBTs leads to CPUE inevitably declining faster than N (a process known as hyperdepletion) when compared with a simulation lacking SBTs. This finding was consistent in a wide range of fishing effort scenarios. The emergent hyperdepletion of catch rates was caused by fast and behavioural-selective exploitation of vulnerable SBT that encompassed the mobile component of the fish stock. The theoretical predictions received support from field data from a coastal recreational fishery. Our work suggests that the consideration of SBT when interpreting trends in CPUE data may notably improve stock assessments by providing a more reliable CPUE-N relationship., This study was funded by the research project PHENOFISH (grant no. CTM2015-69126-C2-1-R) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness and a Marie Curie grant (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF, grant no. 327160) funded by the European Union. JA was supported by a JdC post-doc grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (ref. IJCI-2016-27681). AC-C was supported by a FPU pre-doctoral fellowship (ref. FPU13/01440) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.

The biotin-streptavidin interaction is among the strongest known in nature. Herein, the site-directed incorporation of biotin and 2-iminobiotin composed of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins is reported. 2-Iminobiotin lysine was employed for protein purification based on the pH-dependent dissociation constant to streptavidin. By using the high-affinity binding of biotin lysine, the bacterial protein RecA could be specifically isolated and its interaction partners analyzed. Furthermore, the biotinylation approach was successfully transferred to mammalian cells. Stringent control over the biotinylation site and the tunable affinity between ncAAs and streptavidin of the different biotin analogues make this approach an attractive tool for protein interaction studies, protein immobilization, and the generation of well-defined protein-drug conjugates.

Background: Although the role of Th17 and regulatory T cells in the progression of atherosclerosis has been highlighted in recent years, their molecular mediators remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the association between the CD69 receptor, a regulator of Th17/regulatory T cell immunity, and atherosclerosis development in animal models and in patients with subclinical disease. Methods: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient chimeric mice expressing or not expressing CD69 on either myeloid or lymphoid cells were subjected to a high fat diet. In vitro functional assays with human T cells were performed to decipher the mechanism of the observed phenotypes. Expression of CD69 and NR4A nuclear receptors was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 305 male participants of the PESA study (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) with extensive (n=128) or focal (n=55) subclinical atherosclerosis and without disease (n=122). Results: After a high fat diet, mice lacking CD69 on lymphoid cells developed large atheroma plaque along with an increased Th17/regulatory T cell ratio in blood. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein was shown to bind specifically and functionally to CD69 on human T lymphocytes, inhibiting the development of Th17 cells through the activation of NR4A nuclear receptors. Participants of the PESA study with evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis displayed a significant CD69 and NR4A1 mRNA downregulation in peripheral blood leukocytes compared with participants without disease. The expression of CD69 remained associated with the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in an adjusted multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P=0.006) after adjustment for traditional risk factors, the expression of NR4A1, the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the counts of different leucocyte subsets. Conclusions: CD69 depletion from the lymphoid compartment promotes a Th17/regulatory T cell imbalance and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis. CD69 binding to oxidized low-density lipoprotein on T cells induces the expression of anti-inflammatory transcription factors. Data from a cohort of the PESA study with subclinical atherosclerosis indicate that CD69 expression in PBLs inversely correlates with the presence of disease. The expression of CD69 remained an independent predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis after adjustment for traditional risk factors., Funding was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R to Dr Sánchez-Madrid, SAF2015-64767-R to Dr Martínez-González; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2016): PI16/01956 to Dr Martin, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; European Research Council, ERC- 2011-AdG294340-GENTRIS to Dr Sánchez-Madrid; Proyecto Integrado de Excelencia PIE13/041 and Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330 31); and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid CAM (S2017/BMD-3671) to Drs Martin and Sánchez-Madrid. Dr Tsilingiri is cofunded by the European Union Marie Curie Program. M. Relaño is supported by a Contratos Predoctorales Severo Ochoa para la formación de doctores (BES-2015–072625) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This research has been cofinanced by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). The PESA study is cofunded equally by the Pro CNIC Foundation and Banco Santander, Madrid, Spain

Large-scale industrial fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGS) photovoltaic panels would benefit significantly if the buffer layer chemical bath deposition could be replaced by a cadmium-free dry vacuum process suitable for in-line production. This Letter reports on the development of a Zn(O,S) buffer layer deposited by vacuum-based magnetron sputtering from a single target onto commercial CIGS absorbers cut from a module-size glass/Mo/CIGS stack. The buffer-window stack consisting of Zn(OS)/i-ZnO/ZnO:Al is optimized for layer thickness and optical and electronic properties, leading to an average device efficiency of 4.7%, which can be improved by annealing at 200 °C to a maximum of 10.5%, mainly due to a considerable increase in the open-circuit voltage (V). Temperature-dependent current density versus voltage (J–V) characteristics show a reduced interface recombination upon annealing, explaining the observed V boost. Quantum efficiency shows improvements in the long and short wavelength region, setting in at different annealing temperatures, and photoemission depth profiling indicates interdiffusion of all atomic species at the CIGS/Zn(O,S) interface. Electrical device simulations explain the observed effects by a modification of the band offset at the interface and defects passivation. Both effects are attributed to the observed interdiffusion during annealing., This work was partially supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 641004 (project Sharc25). The authors acknowledge additional support by the Spanish project AIC‐B‐2011‐0806, and by the “Micro‐concentrator thin film solar cells (MiconCell)” project (028922) and the “Correlated Analysis of Inorganic Solar Cells in and outside an Electron Microscope (CASOLEM)” project (028917), both co‐funded by FCT and ERDF through COMPETE2020. DC acknowledges the European Commission for funding the NanoTrainforGrowth II project No. 713640 through the Marie Curie Cofund programme.

Orthostatic tremor (OT) is an extremely rare, misdiagnosed, and underdiagnosed disorder affecting adults in midlife. There is debate as to whether it is a different condition or a variant of essential tremor (ET), or even, if both conditions coexist. Our objective was to use data mining classification methods, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived brain volume and cortical thickness data, to identify morphometric measures that help to discriminate OT patients from those with ET. Methods: MRI-derived brain volume and cortical thickness were obtained from 14 OT patients and 15 age-, sex-, and education-matched ET patients. Feature selection and machine learning methods were subsequently applied. Results: Four MRI features alone distinguished the two, OT from ET, with 100% diagnostic accuracy. More specifically, left thalamus proper volume (normalized by the total intracranial volume), right superior parietal volume, right superior parietal thickness, and right inferior parietal roughness (i.e., the standard deviation of cortical thickness) were shown to play a key role in OT and ET characterization. Finally, the left caudal anterior cingulate thickness and the left caudal middle frontal roughness allowed us to separate with 100% diagnostic accuracy subgroups of OT patients (primary and those with mild parkinsonian signs). Conclusions: A data mining approach applied to MRI-derived brain volume and cortical thickness data may differentiate between these two types of tremor with an accuracy of 100%. Our results suggest that OT and ET are distinct conditions., This research was supported by FEDER funds. Benito‐León is supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (NINDS #R01 NS39422), European Commission (grant ICT‐2011‐287739, NeuroTREMOR), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant RTC‐2015‐3967‐1, NetMD – platform for the tracking of movement disorder), and the Spanish Health Research Agency (grant FIS PI12/01602 and grant FIS PI16/00451). Romero is supported by the European Commission (grant ICT‐2011‐287739, NeuroTREMOR) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant DPI‐2015‐68664‐C4‐1‐R, NeuroMOD). Louis has received research support from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS #R01 NS094607 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS085136 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS073872 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS085136 (principal investigator), and NINDS #R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). He has also received support from the Claire O'Neil Essential Tremor Research Fund (Yale University). Sánchez‐Ferro is supported by the Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid and the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013). Serrano is supported by RoboCity2030‐DIH‐CM Madrid Robotics Digital Innovation Hub (“Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. fase IV”; S2018/NMT‐4331), funded by “Programas de Actividades I + D en la Comunidad de Madrid” and cofunded by Structural Funds of the European Commission. We acknowledge the neuropsychologist Verónica Puertas‐Martín, for her assistance with the project.