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The current study aimed to formulate the function of multiculturalism, tolerance, and social justice in Indonesian society. This study was conducted in three diverse cities of East Java are Surabaya, Bangil, and Kediri. To gather the data, the study opted the quantitative–explanatory perspective from four hundred (400) preliminary respondents. The results were compiled through a structured questionnaire and presented in tables, figures, and percentages. The study explores the multicultural learning systems at school that are useful for promoting harmony among people belonging to various segments, and cultural and religious backgrounds in society. The current findings of this study are useful for the development of curriculum in multicultural setup(s) for creating harmony among the diversity of students in educational institutions. It is also suggested that multicultural discourse is important to promote harmony, social justice, and create an integrated environment in the society.

As a manifestation of functionalism, free education becomes a way to eradicate economic disparity by opening access to school for all people. This method is standard in many developing countries as it could foster development. However, the most fundamental problem of this disparity, oppression, and class domination are understudied. To make things worse, studies that do discuss these topics suffer from class bias conceptualization of free education. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate how free education takes part in a capitalistic society as a superstructure through the correspondence thesis. Subsequently, this study identifies essential elements in (capitalistic) free education. Phenomenological-based qualitative method is used to describe experiences of 21 informants in Selamat Pagi Indonesia (SPI) Senior High School. Data gathered from observation, interview, and secondary sources, and then analyzed phenomenologically. We found that free education, instead of bringing people to equality and freedom from disparity, entraps students deep into modern capitalism through 1) normalization to serve, and 2) giving up power to the capitalist. This condition would benefit many corporations from taking part in aiding the school foundation and perpetuate the domination of the bourgeoisie over the working class. Thus, this study suggests that the capitalistic feature of free education is disrupting its conventional conceptualization.

The enrollment rate for the higher education of the Tengger tribe is low. However, there is a group of Tengger youths who have the determination to achieve a Bachelor’s degree despite the limitations that they encounter. This study aimed to describe the meaning of education among the Tengger tribe and the efforts of the Tengger youths to continue their studies in college. This study was conducted in Ngadiwono Village Pasuruan Regency in the East Java Province and using a qualitative method. The data is analyzed by social and cultural reproduction theory by Pierre Bourdieu. The data was obtained from bachelor students and people from the older community group in order to find out the meaning of education based on their understanding. The data was collected using interviews, observations and documentation methods. The results of this study show that the success of the youths in becoming undergraduates was due to their effort and hard work. They were supported by their families who had a better understanding of the meaning of education. They have a social modal that they got from elementary education. They develop their social capital to get better education and occupations in the future.

The diversity of Indonesian people can be a problem when they do not have a sense of brotherhood based on the diversity of religion, culture, language and ethnic groups. Understanding diversity is known by young people through various media outlets. This study aims to understand the level of the knowledge of youths concerning the values of pluralism and multiculturalism. This study also intends to find out whether social media influence the knowledge and their understanding of pluralism and multiculturalism. However, the demographic bonus could be a burden for the countries involved, particularly when the generation lacks competitiveness. This can even cause the disintegration of this nation. This study was a quantitative research study conducted using the survey method. The respondents consisted of 400 young people in high school or the equivalent. The study was conducted in three cities in East Java, namely Surabaya, Pasuruan, and Kediri. The samples were taken using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data was obtained through structured questionnaires and processed using SPPS for Windows 16. The results can be explained as follows; even though more than fifty percent of the youths in this study claimed to have never heard or known of the term “pluralism” and “multiculturalism”, their level of comprehension of pluralism and multiculturalism values was good enough. This was influenced by the information that they got through social media. The values that are understood more by the youths through social media in this study tend to be more orientated to pluralism values than multiculturalism. The most understood pluralism values are plurality and diversity. This is in line with their assessment of the role and quality of the information available on social media, which tends to contain pluralism values rather than multiculturalism values.

Violence experienced by the students has become well-known phenomenona in Indonesia. Violence cases are commited by varios education actors among teachers and students. The main purpose of this study is to highlight a wide range of forms of violences and picture the student’s perception. In addition, the study also aims to examine the variables which causing the violence in schools. To further explore the research problem, the study uses a descriptive quantitative approach done by conducting observation and survey to 400 students done in four cities. The results show a high number of students who have experienced violence/bullying at school. Students and teachers can be both perpetrators and victims. The findings of this research has identified forms of violence that include (1) physical violence; (2) indirect violence; (3) verbal violence while the causes of violence vary from (1) the interaction actors in school, and (2) unconducive academic environment at school.

This study aims at measuring the political capacity of village governance after the implementation of Village Law (Law No. 6 of 2015) in Indonesia. The Village Law was intended to change the concept of authority in undertaking development. Previously, the villages were controlled from higher levels of government in terms of the authority to plan the development and village budget. The Village Law has provided more authority and money for the villages’ governments in order to conduct public administration, development, community empowerment, and social development. Furthermore, the law requires every village government to embrace and practice good governance values such as anti-corruption, transparency, participation, and accountability. A very general question but fundamental is, do the village government officials already comprehend the concept of good governance? The comprehension of good governance is a basic foundation of political capacity. This chapter reports on a survey analysis in eight villages of four districts in East Java. In order to present a comprehensive analysis, this study also undertook informal interviews and focus group discussions.

This study aims to comprehend the uniqueness of a high school (SPI) that implements multicultural education model on its learning activities. Most of high school in Indonesia attended by homogenus student because they originated from the same area where the school located. The learning method also emphasize theory and comprehension of general knowledge’s and give more task for its students.On contrary, SPI has diverse student from various area in Indonesia, and most of the students come from poor families. The learning method highlights entrepreneurship practice based on the student’s diverse skills. The aim of the study is to understand the educational strategy that intends to develop students' character with the value of dignity and appreciation toward diversity. The theory of moral education and multiculturalism are used to comprehend the multicultural education practice in this school. The research method used is descriptivequalitative with case study. This study took place in Batu-Malang, Jawa Timur. Data obtained from students with diverse ethnicity, religion, and rural background, headmaster, and several teachers who had adequate information about school management. The results of this study indicate that the values of diversity,community, and tolerance continuously infused.

The mental age of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) is lower than their chronological age. They have limited ability to memorize something. Therefore, it is difficult for them to learn how to read, particularly in recognizing letters and spelling words. The use of appropriate technology and importance of the closest people around them may optimize their intellectual development. One of the technology can be used in this case is educative games applications from Play store. This kind of game applications can attract them and provide assistance in learning. The objective of this study is to describe the effectiveness of educative games “Marbel Huruf and Belajar Membaca” to assist children with ID in reading in the first stage. This study is limited only in reading due to a complexity of this ability. The subject of this study was one of Yayasan Kasih Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus‟ (YPKABK) female students with Down syndrome, whose age is 15 years old, but her mental age is still in 5 and she cannot read yet. Data of student‟s reading skill were obtained through observations. Observations were done during a month period. It was conducted between the middle of May and the middle of June. It was done repeatedly for giving her a chance to repeat what she has learned. The result showed subject‟s enthusiasm through learning activities, high motivation, and an increase in ability even she has not reached an optimum stage yet. Family‟s interaction and participation were also necessary. This finding suggests that the teaching and learning process at YPKABK be embedded with technology (ICT).