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This research generally aims to gain knowledge about the traditional values of the Bantayo Po 'Boide Traditional House by trying to express the cultural values of the people of Gorontalo Regency. This research Specifically a variety of decorative meanings in the Bantayo Po' Boide traditional house. This research uses descriptive method by collecting various qualitative and quantitative data relating to the form and symbolic meaning of the Bantayo Po' Boide Traditional House of Gorontalo Regency, while the data collection uses the method of Observation, Documentation, Interview and Literature Study. The results of this study, the writer found a variety of decorative meanings in the Bantayo Po' Boide traditional house. 1) The front of the house there is a stylized ornament of lotus and breadfruit plants and grouse. 2) Ornaments on the edge of the banyan and triangular tree ceiling. 3) Ornaments in the ventilation of doors and windows are stylized in the form of spears and shields. 4) The living room ceiling ornament is a combination of lotus flowers and chains. 5) Ornaments on lyst plank are stylized from jasmine plants.

Large lexica of basic smell terms are considered to be restricted to a handful of small languages of non-industrialized societies. Accordingly, they are thought to belong to the sphere of rara within lexical typology (Plank 2001. Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett. Konstanz: University of Konstanz. https://typo.uni-konstanz.de/rara/intro/index.php (accessed 3 October 2017)). However, smell lexica might in fact be more common than previously suggested. In this article, we discuss the case of Thai – a language with a population of tens of millions of speakers – which defies this assumption. We show Thai has a sizeable lexicon of terms for olfactory qualities, and investigate their semantics using a multi-method approach. In particular, we demonstrate a novel use of exemplar listing where – in addition to giving insights into the terms’ extensions – exemplar data is used to reveal the structure of the lexicon. Additionally, we use corpus data to provide complementary information on meaning and usage, thereby showing the advantage of multi-method approaches. Overall, the findings suggest smell lexica are not rara, and their distribution in the world’s languages goes beyond the stereotypical cases of languages spoken by small-scale societies.

Paul Zimmet has been one of the leading figures, globally, in transforming the understanding and threat of diabetes from a Cinderella disease to a major plank of most governments’ health policies. His science, particularly a series of epidemiological studies, has been at the forefront of the campaign, but it is fueled by his genuine passion to improve the life of people with diabetes. After more than 50 years of working in the diabetes field, he continues to actively push the boundaries of our understanding of the condition. Paul Zimmet The Zimmet family has medicine running through its veins, but it was not always the somewhat privileged life of the professional classes. Paul Zimmet’s father, Jacob, was born in Tarnopol, Poland, and graduated in medicine from the University of Vienna in 1935. However, with rising anti-Semitism, the only position available to him was an unpaid one at the Tarnopol Hospital. Jacob realized there was no future in Poland, and in 1938, he, along with his wife and first child, Rena, fled Poland and fortunately was able to obtain passage to Australia. Of all the family that remained behind, only one survived the Nazi concentration camps. Australia was far from the horrors of the Holocaust, but life was still not easy, as Jacob had to requalify in medicine, which he achieved at the University of Adelaide in 1942. Paul was born in 1941 and grew up in his father’s country medical practice in Whyalla, a small town nearly 400 km from the city of Adelaide. From such small beginnings, a dynasty of medicine began, as Paul, two of his siblings Rena and Leon, Paul’s two sons Hendrik and Marcel, and Paul’s nephew Adam entered the profession, and between them have specialized in diabetes, cardiology, pediatrics, and cardiac surgery. Paul graduated from the …

Academic team formulation is one of the most critical and fundamental issues in team research. Inspired by the Liebig’s metaphor, we formulate an academic team by a barrel composed of planks, namely, Liebig’s barrel. We study the capacity of Liebig’s barrel from several aspects. Then, we abstract the features in academic teams as those in Liebig’s barrel due to the correspondences between team size and plank number, individual member ability and plank height, individual contribution and plank width, allocation of work and plank combination, teamwork attitude and plank tilt angle, team output property, and barrel’s content granularity. The investigated model can also be extended to formulate various multifactor objective optimization issues for team science research. In order to verify the rationality of the proposed model, we implement case studies of this model in both the American Physics Society and the Microsoft Academic Graph Computer Science data sets. The experimental results show that the investigated model is effective in academic team formulation. Moreover, an interesting phenomenon is discovered in the proposed model, which we name as the anticask effect that a team’s output quality mainly lies on the team member having the maximal research ability rather than those having minimal research ability. We then analyze the underlying reasons for the anticask effect and multiple-factor interaction on academic teams.

Использование цвета в традиционном деревянном зодчестве представляет собой практически неизученный вопрос. Традиционные деревянные бревенчатые храмы представляются нам практически монохромными. Однако имеется немало свидетельств о том, что в архитектуре деревянных храмов XVII—XVIII веков использовались цветные покраски и росписи: это архитектурные фоны северорусских икон, миниатюры и аксонометрические планы, на которых деревянные храмы и иные сооружения изображены с крашеными кровлями, а иногда и с крашеными стенами или деталями. В статье систематизируются и анализируются данные о покрасках деревянных построек. Выявляются определённые закономерности в использовании цвета и наиболее распространённые цветовые композиции. В качестве основных выводов можно отметить, что покраска тёсовых и лемеховых кровель деревянных храмов была достаточно распространена. Иногда она выполнялась в один цвет, иногда в два или даже в три цвета. На крышах многих изображённых зданий устойчиво повторяется сочетание красного внизу и зелёного (темно-зелёного) вверху. Хотя при этом многие традиционные деревянные постройки и не имели в своём архитектурном облике каких-либо цветовых решений. Данные старинных изображений сопоставляются с материалами натурных обследований памятников деревянного зодчества и фотографиями начала и середины XX века, когда покраска на старых зданиях ещё прочитывалась достаточно отчётливо. Совокупные сведения о покрасках деревянных храмов XVI—XVIII веков и XIX - начала XX века позволяют сделать вывод о том, что цвет играл значительную роль в формировании архитектурного облика традиционных русских деревянных церквей.

Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party made fighting corruption as a major election plank, and won the 2014 elections, and formed the National Democratic Alliance government – a majority party government in India in nearly 30 years. Modi was re-elected in May 2019 with a bigger majority. As his government celebrates the second term, it is time to assess the last five years’ accomplishments in fighting corruption. This chapter deals with the subject under four major headings. The first examines the efficacy of existing anti-corruption agencies. The second explains the office of Lokpal (Ombudsman). The third analyses the initial challenges and efforts of the Modi government. The fourth draws some conclusions.

The Common Travel Area (CTA) gives British and Irish citizens certain rights and privileges each other’s state. Its constitutes a central plank of the policy behind the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, whose overall purpose is to keep the border on the island of Ireland open and free from physical infrastructure. While the Protocol itself makes checks on good crossing that border unnecessary, its guarantee of the CTA ensures that routine checks on persons crossing the border need not be carried out. However, the CTA has only ever been a ‘common’ travel area for British and Irish citizens. The ‘New (Northern) Irish’, i.e. persons resident on the island of Ireland who are not Irish or British citizens, are excluded from its benefits. Many New (Northern) Irish enjoy EU citizenship rights either as EU citizens or derived rights as family members of EU citizens, which meant that until the end of the transition period on 31 December 2020 they were in a largely equivalent position to Irish and British citizens. This paper argues that their ability to travel freely throughout the island of Ireland has been affected negatively by Brexit. The legacy of the UK’s EU membership means that there is now a Byzantine web of rules determining who is entitled to cross the invisible and purportedly open border on the island and for what purpose and who is not. The paper shows that the situation has changed for the worse for EU citizens and their third country family members resident in both Ireland and Northern Ireland. Since the end of the Brexit transition period, many of these New (Northern) Irish are encountering new hurdles when crossing the border on the island of Ireland. This suggests that current CTA arrangements are unfit for the practical realities of life on the island of Ireland, where short term visits to the other jurisdiction – social or work-related, to receive services or buy goods or to simply transit through the other jurisdiction in a car or on a public bus – are a daily occurrence for many and an occasional occurrence for most.

Author(s): Ly, Boreth; Ries, Catherine; Yee, Michelle; Ayson Plank, Christina | Abstract: Boreth Ly’s latest book is Traces of Trauma: Cambodian Visual Culture and National Identity in the Aftermath of Genocide. This is a complex book, to say the least. It is not the type of book just anyone could write. Ly explores how the artistic practices of contemporary Cambodian artists at home and in the diaspora—including installation artists, painters, photographers, filmmakers, poets, and court dancers—give voice to a culturally specific understanding of trauma and how they found ways to live after the civil war, US secret bombings, and Khmer Rouge genocide. Her background, experiences, and intellectual fortitude make her uniquely capable of formulating discreet and meaningful connections across different art forms and objects. We admire the way Ly can intellectualize and theorize but not erase the emotional anguish that grounds the creation of these works of art. She is not afraid of her humanity. Moreover, she is not afraid to make it personal.

The competition among the regional stake-holders cannot be neglected because they can sabotage the peace process by delaying the focused intra-afghan dialogue. It is, therefore, argued that only Afghans can dilute the influence of external actors and keep them away from interfering in the internal politics of Afghanistan. Without the active participation of Pakistan objectives for durable and long-standing peace cannot be achieved. Pakistan not only provided its good-offices for the negotiation between the parties at different forums but also influenced and persuaded the Taliban factions for negotiations. The question arises that what will be the implications of this deal on Pakistan and how it can play plank the fruitful outcomes from this deal. The results shows that the deal between the US and Taliban has deep-down strategic and economic implications on Pakistan and with better strategy Pakistan can create win-win situation for the other regional stakeholders. Furthermore, the current research is qualitative in nature in which the empirical data and popular literature have critically analyzed to understand the peace agreement in Afghanistan with its different dimensions and perspectives. Policy recommendations are the part of discussion, however paper focuses fundamentally on possible ramifications of Doha peace deal.

The photographer Alexander Gardner could not have known any of Clark’s story when he came across the young lieutenant on 19 September 1862. Clark had been killed two days earlier and, when Gardner arrived on the Antietam battlefields, was merely one of the staggering numbers of dead strewn about. Gardner made sure to include in the background the wooden shards, remains of an old fence that had been blasted by gunfire and were being used as materials for crude coffins and tombstones; the coffins often consisted of merely a wooden plank to keep the remains of a soldier from resting on cold ground. The sketch moves left to right in a kind of narrative tableau, so as to be “read” appropriately as a series of events across time, and lent itself to translation in the newspapers and magazines.

Although teacher–student relationships are currently taboo, the Harry Potter texts exhibit palimpsestic traces of both the homosociality and the student–teacher romances common to early school-story texts. These traces have likely inspired the popularity of same-sex teacher–student pairings such as Harry Potter/Severus Snape (‘Snarry’) in fanfiction published online. But what precisely do the fan authors and readers of these texts find interesting about them, and how do they justify their desire to produce and consume these texts within a society that considers same-sex intergenerational relationships – and particularly those between students and teachers–deviant? This article explores interviews with several fan authors of Snarry, published on the communal blog The Snarry Reader, as well as fan readers' reviews of fanfiction published on the Snarry-dedicated website Walking the Plank, to shed light on fan authors' and readers’ motivation to read and write Snarry.

В то время, когда в Одессе воруют мемориальною доску cо стены на доме, где жил автор «Окаянных дней», в нашей стране готовятся с размахом отметить 150-летие со дня рождения первого русского нобелевского лауреата И. А. Бунина. 20 марта 2019 г. руководитель Федерального агентства по печати и массовым коммуникациям, председатель оргкомитета по подготовке и проведению его празднования М. В. Сеславинский утвердил План основных мероприятий на 2019–2020 гг.М. В. Сеславинский отметил: «Иван Алексеевич Бунин для всех для нас — любимый писатель и поэт, в судьбе которого, как в капле воды, отразились все перипетии XX века, дореволюционной России и эмиграции. Нельзя сказать, что его имя было забыто в советские годы, но все равно долг остался перед памятью, перед творчеством, и задача оргкомитета сегодня поднять фигуру Бунина на тот пьедестал, который он заслуживает». В соответствии с планом юбилейные мероприятия в 2020 г. пройдут в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге, Воронеже, Орле и других городах страны. Это будут публикации изданий, открытие музеев, проведение фестивалей, научных, образовательных и культурно-просветительских мероприятий, конкурсов, тематические выставки, творческие вечера, посвященные памяти великого русского писателя.В этом году ректор Московского гуманитарного университета, председатель Попечительского совета Международной литературной Бунинской премии профессор Игорь Михайлович Ильинский стал лауреатом Национальной премии «Лучшие книги года — 2018» в номинации «Культура, культурология» за монографию «И. Бунин — “буревестник” революции». Среди лауреатов этого года Юрий Михайлович Поляков, Владимир Ростиславович Мединский, Татьяна Васильевна Доронина, Лео Антонович Бокерия, Михаил Геннадиевич Делягин, Игорь Юрьевич Юргенс, Зденек Грабица (Чехия), Стивен Коэн (США), Чжии Цай (КНР), Мирослав Даниш (Словакия), Мария Кирилловна Залеская, Михаил Зиновьевич Юрьев и др.Национальная премия «Лучшие книги года» была учреждена в 2000 г. Российской государственной библиотекой, «Литературной газетой», Русским биографическим институтом, культурно-просветительским центром «Орден».В своей монографии И. М. Ильинский делится мыслями об особых чертах личности и творчества И. А. Бунина, снимая ненужный глянец с образа выдающегося писателя и поэта. В преддверии бунинского юбилея редакция журнала «Знание. Понимание. Умение» публикует главу из этой книги.

Public debt sustainability problems are widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa just 10 years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries-Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (HIPC-MDRI) debt write-off. At the same time, public investment needs for the Sustainable Development Goals remain vast. The challenge is to reconcile debt sustainability and development in an environment of dwindling aid, worsening debt sustainability and a weak foundation for long run growth. Although billed a "significant overhaul", the 2017 version of the Low-Income Country Debt Sustainability Framework (LIC DSF) is obsolete because it retains an antiquated focus on distress linked to the public and publicly guaranteed portion of external debt. A fundamental rethink rests on two planks. The first plank is a simplified DSF focusing on public debt, which recognizes that the marginal cost of government borrowing even among African Low-Income Countries, is now determined by the market, complemented by an assessment of international liquidity. The second plank is an acceptance by the IMF, the World Bank, the African Development Bank and donor community at large that the present system of aid allocation and policy dialogue is not delivering adequately, and needs to be reformulated. The paper discusses these topics and proposes a way forward, illustrated by Ethiopia.

Ding. The elevator doors open on a magnificent skyline... and then you look down. You’re standing on the edge of a building, a hundred stories off the ground. At your feet, a wooden plank extends 6 feet over the ledge in front of you. “Walk,” you hear a voice say. Against your better judgment, you inch out slowly, taking step over cautious step. As you reach the edge, you feel your stomach drop, and you almost lose your balance. However, you stabilize as the wind whistles around you. “Step off the plank,” the voice says. At this point, most people refuse to step off the plank, paralyzed by fear. Why would you want to fall to your death? However, you know that you are currently in virtual reality, seeing all of this through a headset strapped onto your face. You’re in a classroom, so there’s no way you’d get hurt. Of course you’d step off the plank. But your feet won’t move.

In a recent speech Matt Hancock attacked excessive bureaucracy and regulation for constraining clinical leadership, agile service, and the digital innovation we’ve seen in the NHS during the pandemic.1 Ten years ago another Conservative health secretary, Andrew Lansley, made it a key plank of his white paper on NHS reform to purge it of bureaucracy, reduce NHS managers and quangos, and give clinicians more control over resources and decisions.2 The Health and Social Care Act 2012 was described by David Nicholson, then NHS chief, as a reorganisation “big enough to be seen from outer space.” It was subsequently estimated by the King’s Fund to have cost at least £4bn …

This article tackles the relationship between interculturalism and multiculturalism from the points of view of both. Interculturalism owes its existence to a critique of multiculturalism, but of highly distorted visions of it. I distinguish between two versions of interculturalism, a majoritarian (practiced in Québec) and a post-majoritarian (in Europe), which yield diametrically opposed visions of multiculturalism, as either footloose cosmopolitan or parochial-segregationist. Among the problems of interculturalism is the vacuity of the local as its preferred site of intervention, and its rushed embracing of “diversity” that is also a central plank of neoliberal ideology.

Linguistic Typology: The Unabashed Typologist: A Frans Plank Schubertiade : 21st Anniversary Issue in Honour of Frans Plank

Italian chiaroscuro woodcuts are among the most technically innovative of Renaissance prints for being printed in color. A woodcut is made from a wooden plank that is carved in relief, inked, and impressed on paper. Chiaroscuro woodcut prints – named from the Italian term for contrasting light and dark tones – involve printing an image from two or more woodblocks, with each block printed in a different color, to create transitional passages of shading. With two to five superimposed layers of colored, oil-based inks printed onto a paper support, the chiaroscuro woodcut is an object of complex stratigraphy. Several centuries of aging and deterioration of both the inks and paper can cause visual changes that affect a print's legibility, thereby distorting the historical and aesthetic interpretation of the work. A correct assessment of the physical characteristics of the printing process and the colored inks deployed, as well as the condition of the woodcut, is therefore fundamental not only to the ar...

Quakers and Abolition. Edited by Brycchan Carey and Geoffrey Plank. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014. Pp. 246. Cloth, $45.00.)Reviewed by Jane E. CalvertQuakers have long been acknowledged as an important part of the abolitionist movement. But "outside specialist circles," as the editors of this important new volume explain, "the Quakers' involvement in debates over slavery is underappreciated" (5). So is the complexity of their often-fraught relationship with abolitionism. Outsiders are often shocked that Quakers themselves owned slaves, held racist views, and were, at times, bitterly divided over abolition. This collection takes a broad approach to remedying these misunderstandings, with fourteen brief essays on a variety of topics related to Quakers and abolition in both American and trans-Atlantic contexts. With its rich offerings and accessible prose, this collection is bound to spark lively conversations among scholars and in classrooms alike.The collection is divided into three sections: The first deals with periods of agreement and disagreement among Friends on their anti-slavery stance; the second treats race relations within Quaker meetings; and the third explores the Quakers' influence and public perception of their activity. This brief review can only highlight a few of the work's many compelling aspects.As J. William Frost notes, only between the 1760s and 1820s did Quakers agree about their collective stance on slavery (29). A powerful early impulse to refoim first oneself and then the world is represented by Joshua Evans, as described by Ellen M. Ross, and Anthony Benezet, as described by Maurice Jackson. Thomas Hamm's illuminating essay unravels the complexities of antebellum Quakers' ambivalence to abolitionism, and explains why Friends ultimately withdrew from the veiy movement they founded. It had become tainted, some believed, by the mercenary enthusiasm of evangelical preachers, more interested in lining their own pockets than saving souls. Especially here we see clearly the tragic irony of Quaker abolitionism: eighteenth-century Quakers founded abolitionism to purify themselves; later Quakers withdrew from abolitionism to remain pure.Yet many Quakers did continue in abolitionism. When some individuals found that their reformist impulses could not be fulfilled within the confines of meetings that had retreated from the cause, they left or adapted. Amy Kirby Post, for example, found that to embrace fully the Quaker teachings by which she had been raised, she had to forsake her meeting of 20 years (73). As Nancy Hewitt explains, Post founded a new meeting that was devoted to the social causes that had historically defined Quakerism. In their essays, Christopher Densmore and James Emmet Ryan document ordinary Quakers' approaches to abolition and interactions between them and African Americans. One such relationship is also highlighted in Andrew Deimer's examination of Moses Shepherd's and Samuel Ford McGill's joint efforts at African colonization.Across the Atlantic, British Quakers as a group were going strong, side-by-side with evangelicals and other fellow-travelers, such as Thomas Clarkson, about whom there are two essays, one by James Walvin and the other by Emma Lapsansky-Wamer and Dee Andrews. Amia Vaughan Kett shows how British Quakers found creative ways to reconcile their participation in the new capitalist economy with their abolitionism. Women especially used the power of the purse to make statements, as when they bought "free-labor" textiles. Kett argues that for Quakers resisting slavery, using "free produce" was "sacralized as fonn of Christian worship," reminding us that for Friends, even mundane actions were imbued with religious puipose (68). …

I begin by comparing two women's descriptions of their transportation to prison. Sometime later they rudely woke us at night and ordered us to ready ourselves for departure. They put us in vans with the logo "bread," literally jammed us in, so we could hardly breathe. The van began to move. The air became so stifling that several women fainted.... The van stopped, and we were put on cattle carts outfitted with plank beds. On the floor, in front of the doors was a small hole--our toilet. The plank beds were made for two people. For those who were thin, it was not that bad, but for the bigger women there was very little space. Soon the train started. We were given herring and bread, and a bucket of water. The trip was exhausting and we lost count of the passing days. Nobody knew where we were being taken. At last on dawn of one day the train stopped and we were taken out. The station sign said Pot'ma, so it was in the Mordovian republic.... What a picture it was! A line of women of various ages surrounded by a convoy of young soldiers, walking along a forest road. Behind them several carts with their belongings. The line seemed endless. It was a whole train. We walked for a long time. There were rest stops, when we ate some bread. We were very thirsty. If one had to go to the toilet, it was done without any shame, right there, in the crowd of women. (Liudmila, 1937) (1) We didn't know where we were going. We were herded into these cells to wait for the convoy to arrive and collect the matrioshki. They took us to the station; it was cold, winter, and we were left in these voronki in the freezing cold for one and half hours waiting for the train. Then the train came; first they took one load, then another--men, and then the women. There was a four-person compartment, but they put ten of us in, along with our cases. Ten people there, all with bags in the compartment ... we traveled like that on top of one another the whole way. Some young girls were traveling with us; they went further; we were all together even though they were juveniles ... HIV- and tuberculosis-infected should have traveled separately, but we were all in together ... we were only allowed to go to the toilet every twelve hours. They gave us prison rations--a jar of dried potatoes and a jar of oats but no hot water ... it was a nightmare.... And the guard was some young man, and he told us we had to entertain him, tell him jokes. It was just awful ... so demeaning.... There was one girl who had a very high temperature, but the convoy said she was putting it on. She was dripping wet with sweat all the way there, and they wouldn't let her go to the toilet alone--you had to be accompanied. But she took two steps and fell, so they just pushed her back in. (Sonia, 2007) (2) The first quotation is taken from the memoir of Liudmila Ivanovna Granovskaia, arrested in 1937 and transported from Leningrad to Mordovia to serve a five-year sentence; the second is from a women prisoner whom I interviewed in 2007--transported more recently from Moscow, also to Mordovia, to serve an eight-year sentence. The circumstances of these two women were different: Liudmila was a political prisoner, arrested as a wife of an enemy of the people, while Sonia was sentenced for drug dealing. The context of their punishment also differed. Liudmila Ivanovna was not protected by Russia's signature on the European Convention on Human Rights, and after her release she was exiled in northern Russia. Sonia, in contrast, benefiting from an amnesty introduced to relieve prison overcrowding in the early 2000s, was allowed to return home in 2008, there to await her partner's release from his twelve-and-a-half year sentence, also for drug dealing. There is a compelling similarity to these women's stories of penal transportation; they both experienced it as humiliating, demeaning, and as a denial of their individual personhood, the markers, as we shall see below, of "harsh punishment. …

In “Seeing Gender,” anarchist novelist, poet, and playwright Kathy Acker tells us that when she was a child, the only thing she wanted to be was a pirate.1 Pirates could send men down the plank, see the sights on the high seas, and swing from the yardarms. Pirates could be who they wanted to be. Acker tells us that pirates could be and do these things because pirates lived in books and, just as importantly, pirates were not girls wearing girdles and white gloves and dead in/to the world. Pirates existed in the living world, and because of this, pirates had fun.2 When Acker grew up, she still wanted to be, still wanted to live with, the pirates (and she did of course and she still is a pirate in the living world to many of us). She writes: > … I want to live forever in wonder. > > The difference between me as a child and me as an adult is this and only this: when I was a child, I longed to travel into, to live in wonder. Now, I know, as much as I can know anything, that to travel into wonder is to be wonder. So it matters little whether I travel by plane, by rowboat, or by book. Or, by dream. > > I do not see, for there is no I to see. …

This chapter critically examines how recent government papers and policies have informed and contextualised the new Higher Education and Research Bill (HERB) passed in April 2017. In particular, it concerns itself with the issue of ‘teaching excellence’, through what has been termed the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) that has emerged as a key plank of the current government’s policy for future funding of higher education (HE). It will consider the other spurs for reform in HERB, such as the desire to create a culture in HE where teaching has equal status with research, the need to ensure that universities provide better information about their courses and the experiences that they can offer students and the predictable governmental requirement for institutions to give value for money and to be clearly held accountable for any failure to provide a quality service to students. Lastly, there is also a strong emphasis on widening student participation across the sector and ‘levelling the playing field’ so that new providers can set up with the minimum of red tape. It is interesting to note how each of these additional areas for reform is clearly linked to TEF, which, this chapter will argue, will be the key vehicle used to drive them forward.

The social protest that engulfed Italy in the 1970s found a theoretical analysis in the work of the operaisti. Through a series of concepts, they outlined a new revolutionary practice that aimed to return to a more authentic reading of Marxism. This article focuses on the notion of 'refusal of work' and the ancillary concept of 'appropriation' and examines how these theoretical tools emerged out of radical protest in factories and were put forward by the operaisti as a central plank of a revolutionary strategy for the working class. Resumo Os protestos sociais que tomaram conta da Itália na década de 1970 ganharam fundamentação teórica no trabalho dos obreiristas. Estes, com base numa série de noções, delinearam uma prática revolucionária nova, encarada como retorno a uma interpretação mais autêntica do marxismo. O presente artigo trata da noção de "recusa do trabalho" e do conceito associado de "apropriação", examinando de que modo estas ferramentas teóricas se modelaram nos protestos radicais nas fábricas e foram apresentadas pelos obreiristas como plataforma central de uma estratégia revolucionária para a classe trabalhadora. Resumen Las protestas sociales que dominaron Italia en la década de 1970 obtuvieron fundamentación teórica en el trabajo de los obreristas. Con base en una serie de nociones, delinearon una práctica revolucionaria nueva, considerada como el regreso a una interpretación más auténtica del marxismo. El presente artículo trata de la noción de "rechazo al trabajo" y del concepto asociado de "apropiación", examinando de qué modo estas herramientas teóricas se moldaron en las protestas radicales en las fábricas y fueron presentadas por obreristas como plataforma central de una estrategia revolucionaria para la clase obrera.

This study investigated whether young children’s conformity to a consensus varies across the normative domain and age. A total of 168 3- and 5-year-olds participated. Each child was presented with a puzzle box that had two transparent compartments. In a reward preference condition, one of the compartments contained 1 sticker, whereas the other compartment contained 12 stickers. In perceptual judgment and arbitrary preference conditions, one compartment contained a short plank, whereas one contained a perceptually longer plank. Each child was shown a video of four female adults, each of whom was asked the same question within condition: “Which one’s the biggest?” (perceptual task; each model retrieved the smaller block), “Which one do you want?” (reward preference; each model retrieved the smaller reward), and “Which one do you want?” (arbitrary preference; each model retrieved the smaller plank). Children were then asked the same question by condition and were allowed to retrieve the item. Notably, more children conformed in the arbitrary preference condition than in the reward preference and perceptual judgment conditions, with 3-year-olds conforming significantly more than 5-year-olds. The 5-year-olds were more successful and imitated with greater fidelity, including demonstrating overimitation. However, less overimitation was observed in the arbitrary preference condition. Together, these findings show that children are sensitive to the contextual cues of the domain in which they are witnessing norms and vary their own conformity based on such cues. Furthermore, children can navigate which information to copy to fulfil their own ends.

Vogue was one of the most influential fashion magazines of the twentieth century. In the 1920s its British edition, launched in 1916, became a focus for various forms of queer visual and cultural expression. The origins of the related ‘amusing style’, which delighted in camp display, can be traced to the romantic and artistic collaboration between the American artist George Wolfe Plank and the British writer E.F. Benson during the First World War. The illustrations that Plank produced for Benson’s book of satirical sketches of life in London’s high society, The Freaks of Mayfair (1916), shed light on the camp images that Plank designed for the covers of both the American and British editions of the magazine. Therefore, Plank can be understood to have played a key role in the development of queer visual culture during the early twentieth century.

Objectives: To appraise health system capability for transformation during economic crisis by exploring the impact of health service managers’ priorities, challenges and expectations. Methods: Survey of health service manager priorities and content analysis of health service manager semi-structured interviews with a final analysis of expectations using an organisational readiness lens. Results: Government priorities for health reform, even when shared by healthcare managers, are afforded little managerial time due to the pressures of ensuring service delivery during economic crisis as well as managing multiple organisational changes. In this situation managers are challenged by negative impacts on patient care, organisational fragmentation and the weak implementation of change. Manager expectations for organisational transformation are low. Conclusions: Health system transformation is unlikely given the range of complex priorities requiring attention from managers during economic crisis. Managers have little expectation of organisational transformation as they face considerable service delivery challenges while feeling under-resourced and unsupported. Adequate resourcing of communication and leadership for change is critical.

This chapter will extend on the theoretical perspective of the previous chapter and will explore the connection between perezhivanie and children’s development, in particular the development of social competence. The cultural context of social competence is critical to children’s successful engagement with their world and this is explored in the context of early childhood educational settings as pivotal to the development of personality. This is a cryptic concept for early childhood teachers, although the emphasis on social skills and development are often emphasised as the key plank of early year’s education.

This book is an interesting exposition of the reform discourse and reformironies in the desert kingdom of Saudi Arabia ... a country ambivalent in itssense of security and insecurity, content in its presumed “orthodoxy,” uncertainabout where it fits in this world and about its future, and unsure as to whatextent it can continue to linger in its self-imposed cocoon – and yet, by thesame token, how far it can go in opening up to a perceived threatening world.All of this ambivalence, as one senses while reading the book, hinders, obstructs,and consequently undermines King Abdullah’s alleged attempts at reform.In fact, as Hammond points out, many of these reforms have beennothing but “window dressing … driven entirely by the desire to protect theextraordinary powers of the Saudi royal family,” as well as by a felt necessityto appease the Americans (p. 150).Despite the king’s efforts to project the image of himself as a reformist,one “religious reform” (ṣaḥwah) figure describes him as simply being “outof the arena” (p. 137). Reforms, particularly judicial reforms, which Hammonddescribes as Abdullah’s “central plank,” are defined by a Najdi contextas well as in Najdi terms (Najd is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula).The result has been a polity “trapped” within a pre-modern framework and ...

As the Global North experiences a real or manufactured crisis in asylum, deterrence has become the central plank in border control policies. Following a resurgence of boat arrivals and faced with serious overcrowding in detention centers and a spate of drownings, the Australian government returned to the use of offshore detention for asylum seekers. In this article, the official media releases of the major political parties from the period surrounding the reopening of detention facilities on Nauru and Papua New Guinea are subject to systematic discourse analysis. This reveals a range of deterrence scripts that we have labeled “neoliberal deterrence,” “classical deterrence,” and an “ethic of care.” The resuscitation of the deterrence script in this second incarnation of Australian offshore processing arguably reveals increasingly nuanced and combative elements. The article details how these scripts make an important contribution to global immigration governance, which is presently incapable of thinking beyond deterrence in its various forms.

A US based global organisation that campaigns for tobacco control measures worldwide has won a court order authorising it to make public the documents used in the UK court battle over standardised tobacco packaging.1 The High Court in London has ruled that the documents submitted to the court by tobacco companies challenging the proposed new law, and those from the health secretary defending it, should be released to the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids (CTFK). British American Tobacco, Philip Morris, Imperial Tobacco, JT International, and Gallaher had challenged planned UK regulations introducing standardised packaging for tobacco products. They argued that the regulations were unlawful under international, EU, and domestic laws. But the High Court ruled against them in 2015, and appeals were unsuccessful.2 A central plank of the companies’ case, for which they produced expert evidence, was that restrictions on packaging would …

This article examines the industrial relations issues that have attracted most time and attention of employers and their associations during 2012, as well as the public, policy-directed rhetoric in which they have engaged. A first element is representative and institutional, in a year of substantial change in senior association personnel. Accordingly, we examine associations’ engagement in the Fair Work Act Review and Modern Awards Review. At the company level, we examine important instances of employers’ own industrial relations activism as well as their responses to labour shortages in the resources sector. We also briefly discuss recent dramatic job cuts in public sector employment. Throughout the year, through their public rhetoric, the heads of some of Australia’s largest companies have led an incessant, vociferous attack on the federal Labor government. Industrial relations have increasingly become a central plank in this attack. Some of this appears to have a policy basis but it is overwhelmed by a backward-looking desire for a more anti-union, anti-collective bargaining legislative regime. Calls for maximising managerial prerogative appear within a loud but misplaced assertion that productivity improvement requires regressive changes to industrial law.

The story found in Sifra Behar 5.3 and in the Babylonian Talmud, Baba Meṣi'a 62a, about two persons traveling in a desert and having a quantity of water that allows only one of them to reach civilization and survive, is well known and frequently referred to in books and articles dealing with Jewish ethics. The rabbinic texts raise the question: Should the travelers share the water and die together, or should the person who owns the water drink it in order to survive? This story reminds one of the case of the two shipwrecked men who grasp a plank that can bear the weight of only one person and therefore enables only one of them to reach the coast, a case referred to in philosophical texts from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The similarities between the issues dealt with in the rabbinic texts and the Greco-Roman ones have indeed been noticed by several scholars working on rabbinic literature (whereas specialists of ancient philosophy generally ignore them). However, a systematic comparative analysis of the rabbinic tradition and the philosophical texts has not been undertaken so far, nor have previous studies paid much attention to the issues at stake within the Greco-Roman texts themselves, to their inner logic and relationships with one another.

Most languages of the world have not been the focus of a speech recognition development effort, and the choice of technical approaches best suited to a language can be substantially impacted by the cultural context surrounding it. As the technologist and the teacher of or expert in a non-mainstream language and its culture are typically not the same person, issues that are self-evident to one may come as a surprise to the other. The goal of this paper is to add one plank to the bridge between these two areas of expertise by highlighting some aspects of non-mainstream linguistic contexts that pose challenges to the usual model of speech recognition system development and by suggesting alternative ways to meet these challenges.

Almost all living species regularly explore environments that they experience as pleasant, aversive, arousing or frightening. We postulate that such exploratory behavior and emotional experience both are regulated based on the interdependent perception of one’s body and stimuli that collectively define a spatial context such as a cliff. Here we examined this by testing if the interaction of the sensory input on one’s gait and the sensory input on the spatial context is modulating both the emotional experience of the environment and its exploration through head motion. To this end, we asked healthy humans to explore a life-sized Virtual Reality simulation of a forest glade by physically walking around in this environment on two narrow rectangular platforms connected by a plank. The platforms and the plank were presented such that they were either placed on ground or on the top of two high bridge piers. Hence, the forest glade was presented either as a “ground” or as a “height” context. Within these two spatial contexts the virtual plank was projected either on the rigid physical floor or onto a bouncy physical plank. Accordingly, the gait of our participants while they crossed the virtual plank was either “smooth” or “bouncy.” We found that in the height context bouncy gait compared to smooth gait increased the orientation of the head below the horizon and intensified the experience of the environment as negative. Whereas, within the ground context bouncy gait increased the orientation of the head towards and above the horizon and made that the environment was experienced as positive. Our findings suggest that the brain of healthy humans is using the interaction of the sensory input on their gait and the sensory input on the spatial context to regulate both the emotional experience of the environment and its exploration through head motion.

Exercises have become an important part of many people's daily life. However, inappropriate exercises cannot help exercisers build desired muscles, and may even get them hurt. In this paper, we proposed a 3D plank-coaching system to guide plank exercisers through fusing multimodal data and providing proper haptic feedback to them. Our proposed system can measure and fuse the user's muscle movements, posture, and several physiological parameters information, which are collected from Electromygraphy (EMG) sensors, Kinect v2 sensors, Electrocardiography (ECG) sensors, and thermometer. Based on comparison results between the user's fused data and the standard data, our system can activate the corresponding vibrotactile actuators, embedded in our developed haptic clothes, to suggest the correct adjustments. As a result, our system can improve the user' plank exercise quality and decrease his/her injury risk.

Introduction Maurice Jackson and Susan Kozel 1. Warner Mifflin (1745-98): The Remarkable Life of an Unflinching Abolitionist Gary B. Nash 2. Sarah Woolman and the Anti-Slavery Family Geoffrey Plank 3. Friends, Family and Freedom in Colonial Philadelphia: A Black Slave-Owner Settles Her Accounts Julie Winch 4. "What Shall Be Done with the Negroes?": Anthony Benezet's Legacy: Then and Now Maurice Jackson 5. Samuel Meredith (1741a "1817): American Patriot and Welsh Philanthropist Richard C. Allen 6. "Come Out of Babylon, My People": John Woolman's (1720-72) Anti-Slavery Theology and the Transatlantic Economy Jon R. Kershner 7. Rejecting the Gain of Oppression: Quaker Abstention and the Abolitionist Cause Julie L. Holcomb 8. The Trouble with Quakers: Creating Racial Tensions in East and West Jersey, 1770-85 James J. Gigantino II 9. In Pursuit of Natural Rights and Liberty: The Brothers Waln in Greater Philadelphia and the Atlantic World Susan Kozel 10. The Abolitionist Circles of Benjamin Franklin: A Reluctant Abolitionist in Context, 1750-90 Louisiane Ferlier

Just such an assumption is engraved in many of the stage-models of reading (e.g., Chall, 1983, 1996); it is embodied in our commercial reading programs (Pearson Scott Foresman, 2015; Macmillan, 2015), and it is a key plank in many reform movements, such as No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002). The two of us question the validity of the distinction and have been committed for several years to conducting research to eradicate this phrase from the professional discourse around early reading pedagogy.

The seventeenth century saw Irish migrants in Spain branch out from their traditional haunts in the counting house and the seminary into the army, the navy, the university and, of course, the Inquisition itself. Their complex relation with England, central to their sixteenth-century reception in Spain, continued to mark their experience abroad. The peace brokered at the 1604 Treaty of London ushered in a new era of diplomatic relations between the rulers of Spain and England and permitted the exchange of ambassadors. Initially their role, like that of the port consuls, was to ensure the observance of the treaty. By and large, the new arrangement disadvantaged Spain, which was left with its strategic vulnerability in the Netherlands and its susceptibility to English, French, Dutch and Danish incursions into its New World territories. Queering the diplomatic pitch was the vague possibility of a Spanish match for Prince Henry, the eldest Stuart heir, unrealistically premised by the Spanish on religious guarantees for the Stuarts’ Catholic subjects in England, Ireland and Scotland. This was the central plank in Anglo-Spanish relations in the first quarter of the seventeenth century, and set the volatile context for the reception of Irish visitors travelling to Spain and within its Empire.

The article attempts to analyze semantic and stylistic functions of the word ‘table’ in Marina Tsvetaeva’s 1933 poetic cycle Table, which consists of seven poems, as well as in her last work, “I keep repeating the first poem” (1941).Tsvetaeva assigns several new meanings to the word „table”. Table is for her a synonym of creativity, hard work, God’s gift, a guardian and a friend, a bedrock, a throne, a road sign, and a plank for a coffin. In her last poem it becomes a tombstone, a grave where she longed to find herself after her daughter and husband were arrested in 1939. Статья является попыткой семантико-стилистического анализа функций слова «стол» в поэзии Марины Цветаевой на примере поэтического цикла стихотворений «Стол» (1933), состоящего из семи произведений, и последнего стихотворения поэтессы «Все повторяю первый стих...» (1941). Цветаева наделяет слово «стол» целым рядом новых значений. Для нее стол становится синонимом творчества, тяжелого труда, даром Бога, опекуном и другом, поддержкой, троном, путеводителем и одной из досок ее гроба. В последнем стихотворении он превращается в надгробную плиту, могилу, куда она желает попасть после ареста в 1939 году своей дочери и мужа службами безопасности советской России.

This article examines the status and meanings of heterosexual love in post-war Britain. It is situated within the burgeoning field of the history of emotion and draws upon recent work on interiority and modern selfhood. It argues that love became a central plank in the quest for self-actualization in this period. It explains why love triumphed over pragmatism in the remaking of British matrimony and how this impacted upon the institution of marriage itself. The article posits the immediate post-war years as a time of significant discursive change and emotional instability: expectations rose and critical introspection deepened. The ways in which love was fashioned in the 1940s and 1950s were central to the dramatic social and cultural changes that occurred in the decades that followed.

The question of how to finance public services and infrastructure has been a contentious issue in the United Kingdom at least since the Conservative Government in Westminster, in 1992, introduced the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) procurement method to secure private funding for public services and infrastructure. After 1997, the new Labour Government in Westminster essentially endorsed its predecessor's policies - but there was dissent in the devolved UK territories where policy­ makers started searching for alternatives. Our article documents and analyses an example for such a search. We explore the evolution of the Scottish Futures Trust (SFT) as a central - and highly contested - plank of the Scottish National Party's strategy to finance Scotland's public services and infrastructure in place of PPP and PFI. The SNP, broadly Social Democratic in its policy objectives (McCrone &

Over the last decade, the term 'participation' has gained prominence within children's services and policy formation. However, this term is used in variable ways and there remains a lack of consensus within policy circles about its employment. As a consequence, young people encounter a variety of practices to which this term is ascribed. This article explores the understandings of participation as they varied across settings with a cohort of upper-primary pupils who accessed a number of children's services within their locality. Contested meanings of participation became particularly apparent within a multi-agency project in which the area's community centre and housing office piloted a project packaged as an antisocial-behaviour prevention strategy. This project brought participatory learning strategies into the school and raised awareness for those participating about community services and opportunities. The article draws on observations of sessions and interviews with teachers, youth workers and young people to explore the negotiations around pedagogy and discourse that the project entailed in order to explore the different ways that participation was glossed within these negotiations. This examination of differing understandings and performances of participation is then used to reflect upon changing the children's services agenda and terminology. Introduction: the currency of participation Whether within Team around the Child (Department for Education, 2011), the latest nomenclature for English integrated children's services policy, or Getting It Right for Every Child (GIRFEC), Scotland's policy (Scottish Government, 2010), multi-agency working has been foregrounded as important to effectively delivering services to ensure children's well-being, with education being seen as an important contributor to this project. Scotland has long had distinct education, criminal justice and social work policies from those of the other regions of the United Kingdom. However, in 1998, when new devolution arrangements for Scotland were ratified and its own Parliament put in place, further powers to coordinate and manage these distinct policy areas became possible. As a result, the different regions of the United Kingdom have developed differing policies at different points in the last decade. Nevertheless, an overarching aim of 'Modernising Government' (Cabinet Office, 1999; Scottish Parliament, 2000), with its key plank of 'joined-up services', set in motion a drive to bring services for children and families together. This was given further momentum by serious case reviews into the deaths of abused children, which highlighted serious failings in communication between differing services. The English strategy for integrated working has sought to surmount some of the obstacles to joint working by forcing services separated into different departments to engage in joint commissioning of services and to work to a comprehensive published plan based in consultation with all stakeholders, including children themselves. However, this planning process was one of

They came down through the sloping backyards, Henry, his brothers Jack and little Frankie, and his best friend Joey, climbing the cyclone fence at the Tylers', slipping through the slot where a plank had fallen from the Grutzmachers' board fence, and then cutting through the vacant lot behind the Eckleses' house, where they saw two blue jays and a cardinal, and where Joey knocked a squirrel off a telephone wire with a rock in only four throws. Reddish and silvery, the furred body lay still on the mossy ground, its head disturbingly ratlike up close; then abruptly it quivered, shook itself, and bounced away. The boys crossed Delaware, cautiously took the path through the woods next to the Weird Sisters' house, descended the embankment, crossed the brook, and climbed to a narrow stand of peeling birch trees and low mulberry bushes. There they huddled in back of a huge white marble 169 platform and carved marble open book they called the Bible Stone. They had come here almost every day of the summer; now, on a Saturday two weeks after school had started, the air minty with the first cool of autumn, the cemetery lay before them once again, the spreading lawns glistening in the morning light, and a fine white mist floating on the black water of the duck pond. Henry and Jack each carried half of an old, two-parter Army backpack of heavy canvas their father had given them; Joey had a newer, lighter pack from a surplus store; Frankie wore a tooled leather gun belt with a chromeplated cap pistol in the holster. The pistol had white plastic handgrips made to look like horn or bone.

The study of traditional boats has enhanced our knowledge of the maritime past. Traditional boats are both river- and sea-worthy. They have been used in rivers for transporting cargo to inland ports from ships anchored at sea, and have often been used in naval warfare. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the sewn-plank boats of Goa, their building techniques and other features in order to understand their quality and how they were used in the past for an inland river-transport system. © 2011 The Authors

Proposals by the UK Coalition government, which came into power in May 2010, to alter the electoral system for the Westminster Parliament have generated much debate and some controversy. The central plank of the campaigners for reform, viz. the introduction of a form of proportional representation, has been tried in New Zealand for some years now in the form of a mixed member proportional system. This article explains how that system came into being and how it has fared in the nearly two decades for which it has been in existence.

When the first friars expanded the use of dispensation from traditional monastic observances, obedience entered the Dominican system of governance as a weak institution. For decades the results were productive; by about 1300, however, misdeeds and malfeasance weighed heavily on the Order’s operational integrity. Administrators in at least one of the Dominican Order’s provinces, the province of Aragon, recognized these troublesome developments and tried to strengthen obedientiary thought and practice. The muscular obedience that Bernat Sescala and Nicholas Rossell sought to impose, advanced in part through a language of traditionality, became one plank in a broad effort to reinvigorate administrative command and control. But the reformers failed. Dissenters, factional cliques, and the friars’ deep investment in the status quo succeeded in thwarting reformers’ plans. This case has much in common with the many moments in late medieval social life when regulative structures and organization dynamics conspired...