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BACKGROUND To determine the number of nurses who are supervised by a charge nurse in the Nursing Units of Aragonese general public hospitals and to analyze how this affects the organizational behaviors of nurses and the quality of the relationships established with the charge nurses. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in nine public hospitals. Validated questionnaires were used to assess the working behavior of nurses and the quality of their relationships with charge nurses, and the charge nurse's relationship with their immediate superior and nursing staff. We analyzed whether there was an association between these variables and the number of nurses per unit. RESULTS The study included 2,541 nurses and 192 supervisors. The mean span of control was 29 (SD=22.4). Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to empowerment (p

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Involvement on Employee Loyalty at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), the Kebayoran Baru Branch office. The research method is quantitative with data collection through a survey using Google Forms distributed to employees of PT. Bank BRI Kebayoran Baru branch office with a total population of 193 and determining a sample with the Slovin formula as many as 45 respondents. The results showed that Perceived Organizational Support had an impact on employee loyalty and job involvement had an impact on employee loyalty. This research implies that PT. Bank BRI provides support to employees and involves employees in company activities, so that employees feel involved, and creates employee loyalty at Bank BRI Kebayoran Baru branch office.

Excellent human resources in the organization are seen as the principal capital for the company to improve the company’s role, function, and competitiveness in facing developments and changes both internally and externally. Companies with high-stress levels need superior employees that motivated, passionate about work and loyal to the organization. These needs can refer to the characteristics of employees who are engaged with their work. However, there are still many dynamics of psychological constructs that have not been revealed that can increase work engagement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-efficacy can be a mediator on the effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on work engagement. The research was conducted through a survey method taken from 103 bank marketing employees. The collected data were analyzed through the structural equation model (SEM) and showed an indirect effect of perceived organizational support on work engagement (ab = 0.13; p≤0.001). This result shows that self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and work engagement and the research hypothesis is acceptable. Keywords: SEM, work engagement, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy

This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived organizational support and job satisfaction on organizational commitment at PT. Mimoza Multimedia Gorontalo. The data collection technique used the census method on 97 employees by distributing questionnaires. The analytical method used is the path analysis method (Path Analysis). The results of testing the first hypothesis show that the perceived variable of organizational support and job satisfaction simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with a contribution (R-Square) of 45.2%. Then testing the second hypothesis shows that the variable perception of organizational support partially has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with a partial contribution of 28.4%. Meanwhile, testing the third hypothesis shows that the job satisfaction variable partially has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with a coefficient of 16.8%

Current theory and empirical findings often suggest a positive linear association between employees’ perceptions of training participation, and both their perceived organizational support (POS) and job performance. Drawing on a sample of 432 full-time employees, nested in 46 teams across seven organizations, we hypothesize and test (1) a curvilinear relationship between employees’ perceptions of training participation and their POS; (2) the likelihood that this curvilinear relationship is intensified when employees believe that their abilities are largely fixed and cannot be changed very much (i.e., when the employee holds an entity self-belief); and (3) whether POS mediates the relationship between employees’ training participation and job performance. Our results support each of these hypotheses and confirm a curvilinear moderated mediation relationship between employees’ training participation, POS and job performance. The implications for research and practice are discussed.

PurposeThis research investigates whether and how the quality of vertical communication implemented by airline industry management can reduce perceived job insecurity of flight attendants during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of this research covers 322 flight attendants from five domestic airlines based in Thailand. An online questionnaire survey was used for data collection, and a partial least squares structural equation model was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results support the negative association between the quality of vertical communication and perceived job insecurity; moreover, this association is partially mediated by perceived role ambiguity. When considering the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the direct linkage between the quality of vertical communication and perceived job insecurity, the quality of vertical communication only has a negative association with perceived job insecurity among employees who exhibit high levels of perceived organizational support. For those who exhibit low levels of perceived organizational support, the quality of vertical communication does not have a negative association with perceived job insecurity.Originality/valueThis study advances prior communication research by showing that in order for communication to effectively lessen the perceived job insecurity of employees, it needs to be backed by high-quality organizational support.

The problem of this research is about organizational commitment and Organizational Support Perception is partial and together (simultaneously) a significant effect on turnover intention in PT Secure World Logistics. The population of the research is all sixty-three employees of PT Aman World Logistics, with a saturated sample technique. The sample in this research took all sixty-three employees of PT Aman World Logistics. The method of this research is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the variable organizational commitment (X1) and perceived organizational support (X2) partially and together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on turnover intention (Y).

Numerous advancements have been made regarding how aspects of job roles and organizational environments affect work attitudes. However, less attention has been devoted to factors that might buffer attitudes against the adverse effects of job and organizational stressors. Grounded in the Buffering Hypothesis, we tested focus-matched hypotheses that considered the moderating roles of two workplace social resources—leader–member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS)—in the relations between job and organizational stressors and job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Using multi-wave data from a sample of financial services employees (n = 1921), we found that independently, LMX did not buffer against the negative effects of job stressors (i.e., role ambiguity and role conflict) on employee attitudes, nor did POS buffer against the effects of organizational stressors (i.e., low communication and ethical climates). Rather, only in conjunction did high LMX and POS jointly reduce the negative effects of job stressors on organizational commitment. When examining the three-way interactions among job stressors, LMX, and POS, POS was significantly more influential in buffering organizational commitment than was LMX, although there were interesting nuances to these effects. In particular, role ambiguity affected commitment most negatively when either LMX or POS (but not both) was lacking, whereas role conflict did not appreciably impair commitment when POS was high, even if LMX was low. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our result patterns.

PurposeThe world is witnessing enormous changes due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. One of the unkind changes is the increased downsizing and layoffs, which has led to a situation of job insecurity. Moreover, due to the unavailability of a cure for the pandemic, the businesses have started their operations with added safety measures that demand a high level of employee safety behavior. But how job insecurity and safety voice may stay in one sheath is an area that requires attention. Hence, this study investigates the impact of job insecurity on employees' safety voice behavior in a COVID-19 outbreak, through serial mediation mechanisms of organizational support and trust.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected through a structured questionnaire from the sample (N = 213) of employees of service organizations.FindingsFindings of the study reveal that job insecurity is not directly linked with safety voice behavior, and therefore full mediation through perceived organizational support and trust is supported is proved.Originality/valueThis study covers the investigation of job insecurity, during pandemic COVID-19, and its effects on safety voice. It also explains the mechanism between the variables of interest through perceived organizational support and trust in the organization. The study is a timely contribution to the existing literature and offers both theoretical and managerial implications.

Purpose – In this study, the moderator role of work-life balance and age in the relationship between perceived organizational support and happiness at work was investigated. Happiness at work was included in the research model in two dimensions, as hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted on 412 employees working in a metropolitan municipality and its subsidiaries. The obtained data were used to empirically test the theoretical model developed in the study. Hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis method. Findings – According to the results of the research, there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support, hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. In addition, it has been determined that work-life balance does not have a moderator role in the relationship between perceived organizational support and happiness at work. Age has been found to have a moderator role in the relationship between perceived organizational support and negative emotions. Discussion – The study reveals the moderator role of age and work-life balance in the relationship between perceived organizational support and happiness at work. The research results contribute to the organizational behavior literature.

International audience; This research examines how employee’s perceptions of three sources of support in the workplace (i.e., organization, supervisor, and colleagues) combine within specific profiles and the nature of the relations between these profiles and indicators of employees’ psychological health (i.e., stress, sleep problems, psychosomatic strains, and depression). Furthermore, this research examines the within-sample and within-person stability of the identified support profiles over the course of an 8-month time interval. Latent profile and latent transition analyses conducted on a sample of 729 workers indicated six identical profiles across the two measurement occasions: 1, moderately supported; 2, weakly supported; 3, isolated; 4, well-supported; 5, supervisor supported; and 6, highly supported. Profile membership was very stable over time for most profiles, with the exception of the isolated profile which was only moderately stable. Furthermore, the isolated and supervisor-supported profiles presented the lowest levels of psychological health, while the well-supported and moderately supported profiles presented the highest levels of psychological health. Of particular interest, results suggested that some risks might be associated with the highly supported profile, although this result could be a simple reflection of the women-dominant composition of this profile. This research has implications for theory and practice, which will be discussed in the article.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to inductively explore the context-specific preconditions for nurses' perceived organizational support (POS) in healthcare organizations.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative interview study was performed, based on the critical incident technique (CIT), with 24 registered nurses in different specialities of hospital care.FindingsThe nurses perceived three actors as essential for their POS: the first-line manager, the overarching organization and their college. The preconditions affecting the nurses’ perceptions of organizational support were supportive structuring and structures at work, as well as individual recognition and professional acknowledgement.Originality/valuePrevious studies of POS have mostly had a quantitative outset. In this paper, context-specific preconditions for nurses' POS are described in depth, enabled by the qualitative approach of the study. The findings may be used to guide healthcare organizations and managers aiming to foster nurses' POS, and thereby, benefit nurses' well-being and retention, as well as healthcare quality and efficiency.

PurposeCreativity has become essential for organizations to remain competitive. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the intervening role of knowledge sharing between affect-based trust and employee creativity. The study further investigates perceived organizational support as a conditional factor on the association between affect-based trust and employee creativity.Design/methodology/approachThe study tackled the issue of common method variance by collecting data in dyads. Specifically, the study collected data from 368 employees and their supervisors working in various organizations in Pakistan through Google Forms in two waves. In the first wave, employees were approached on a convenience basis, whereas, in the second wave, data from their supervisors were collected.FindingsStructural equation modeling was applied to test hypotheses. The study noted knowledge sharing as a mediator between affect-based trust and employee creativity. The study also noted that individuals with high perceptions of organizational support are more likely to strengthen the association between affect-based trust and knowledge sharing.Practical implicationsThis study suggests management work on their employees’ affect-based trust-building. Employees who have relationships based on affect-based trust feel safe and are less afraid of being criticized for sharing their ideas and thoughts. This positively contributes to developing a cooperative environment which becomes the base for employee creativity.Originality/valuePast studies have examined the association between general trust and employee creativity. To this backdrop, this study highlighted the importance of affect-based trust toward employee creativity. More specifically, drawing upon social exchange, this study is the first of its kind that examined the mediating role of knowledge sharing between affect-based trust and employee creativity, where perceived organizational support is examined as a conditional variable between affect-based trust and knowledge sharing.

Background Currently, pharmacists occupy a non-mainstream position in China's healthcare system, and there has been little research concerning the interaction among pharmacists' psychological status, work engagement, and other aspects of the healthcare system and relationship with their work. Our study examined the basic situation of Chinese pharmacists and investigated the relationship among pharmacists' perceived organizational support, resilience, and engagement when working in a competitive environment. Objective To investigate the awareness of perceived organizational support among pharmacists at Chinese hospitals, analyze the correlation between perceived organizational support and short-term resilience and work engagement scale scores after frustration, and examine the effect of various factors on pharmacists' work engagement in a stressful and competitive work environment. Method An electronic questionnaire survey was made available to 300 pharmacists at Chinese hospitals, and these pharmacists were engaged in intensely competitive work within their respective hospitals. The questionnaire survey employed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS). IBM SPSS Statistics Version 19.0 was used to analyze the collected data. Results A total of 295 of the 300 questionnaires were recovered, for a valid questionnaire rate of 98.33% (n = 295). The 3 scales used in this study where scored on 5-point Likert scales; the BRS-6 scale assessed resilience, and a mean value of 3.43 points was obtained; the UWES-9 scale assessed employee engagement, and a mean value of 3.63 points was obtained; and the POS-8 scale assessed perceived organizational support, and a mean value of 3.35 points was obtained. These results indicated that the pharmacists had above average perceived organizational support, short-term resilience, and work engagement. We found that the BRS had a Pearson correlation of 0.553 with the UWES and that the POS had a Pearson correlation of 0.663 (P＜0.01) with the UWES, revealing that there was a significant correlation between the pharmacists' perceived organizational support, short-term resilience, and engagement. Conclusions This study found that pharmacists possessing relatively strong short-term resilience and receiving extensive perceived support from their organizations are able to more effectively engage with their everyday work, a result that indicated that the perception of receiving organizational support and the possession of short-term resilience have a significant connection with employees' work engagement.

Youth are future company leaders, without whom the economic development of a country cannot continue, yet the well-being of millennial employees in China is low, and this group has a high turnover rate. We used an inductive route model to understand how millennial employees' well-being can be facilitated in China. We conducted a survey with 268 millennial employees and used structural equation modeling to test our model. The results show that organizational career management and self-identity contributed to promoting participants' well-being. Our findings show that a pathway should be established to boost millennial employees' well-being and enable them to accomplish their career planning.

The aim of this study is to test the theoretical model which hypothesizes that academics' academic intellectual leadership affects their perceptions of perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship. In line with this general purpose, it was determined whether the perceptions of academics' intellectual leadership affect their perceptions of perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship. The causal design was used in the study. The sample population of the study is composed of 731 academics working in 13 universities selected by convenience sampling from the Central Anatolia, Aegean, Black Sea and East Anatolia regions of Turkey. The data were collected with Academic Intellectual Leadership Scale, Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and Organizational Citizenship Scale in the 2018-2019 academic year. Mean, standard deviance, and correlation analysis were used for the analysis of the descriptive data, and path analysis was used to test the theoretical model. The findings show that academics' academic intellectual leadership perceptions positively effect their perceptions of perceived organizational support (γ=.24) and organizational citizenship (γ=.38). The results were discussed in light of the relevant literature and suggestions were made to the practitioners, policy makers, and researchers.

Uncertainty is always faced in an ever-changing business environment, this makes organizations must have the readiness and ability to create innovations. This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived peer support and perceived organizational support on innovative behavior. This study uses work engagement as a mediating variable, and leader-member exchange as a moderating variable. This research was conducted at Hotel X Surabaya, which is part of a four-star national hotel chain. The sample used is the operational employees of Hotel X Surabaya, which means 40 employees. Next, the trial uses the least-squares portion (PLS). The results of this study indicate that work engagement fully mediates the relationship between perceived peer support and innovative behavior. This shows that the perception of peer support does not directly affect innovative behavior. Furthermore, on the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior, the job involvement variable partially mediates. This study also shows the results that leader-member exchange strengthens the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior. Thus, for high-level leader-exchange members, the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior was stronger than for low-leader-member exchanges.

One way of achieving work effectivity is by making sure employees show accountability. Accountability is becoming even more important during the pandemic, where organizations are forced make their employees work from home. This study aims to identify the process of how leaders and organizations can shape accountability. This research argues that leader humility may enhance employee’s perceived organizational support which eventually shaped employee’s accountability. This study was conducted toward 145 employees from a state-owned company in Jabodebek area via an online survey. This study finds (1) leader humility positively affect employee’s accountability; (2) leader humility positively affects perceived organizational support; (3) perceived organizational support positively affect employee’s accountability; (4) perceived organizational support significantly mediated the relationship between leader humility and accountability. The mediation model predicts 27% of accountability’s variance and is able to provide contribution to accountability’s studies that leader and organizational aspects are essentials in affecting accountability.

Women are under-represented at top-level positions despite increasing women empowerment and participation, and decelerating gender discrimination in India. Women must go through various obstacles in order to reach to senior- or top-level positions in their professional life. Since there are many impediments that a woman must overcome to get career success, however, this study focuses on the impediments that women face due to organizational and family impediment. The current research article aims to evaluate whether lack of mentoring, perceived organizational support (POS), and family responsibilities impact the perceived career success (PCS) of women in the Indian Information Technology (IT) sector. Data in this regard have been collected using a structured questionnaire and a total of 292 respondents have been analysed. In order to examine the impact of these impediments on the perceived career success of women, the method of structural equation modelling (SEM), has been used. Findings of the study reveal that each of the independent variables significantly impacts the perceived career success of women which works as a wake-up call for women executives that they must overcome these impediments to advance their career smoothly.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity mediated by work engagement. We report the results from a questionnaire survey on a sample of 492 professional employees (219, 44.51% females and 273, 55.49% males) employed in two major industries in the United Kingdom. Our findings based on regression analysis show that work engagement mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity. In summary, employees who experience perceived organizational support will promote work engagement and employee creativity more so than employees with low levels of perceived organizational support. We contribute to knowledge by proposing an overall theoretical background to organizational support theory and the job demands-resources model by incorporating social exchange theory. To-date, very few studies have examined the role of work engagement in the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity. While researchers know how perceived organizational support effects employees’ commitment, productivity, satisfaction and turnover intention, this study concentrates on how perceived organizational support leads to employee creativity.

PurposeGiven recent prominent ethical scandals (e.g. Tesla, Uber) and the increasing demand for ethical management, the importance of business ethics has recently surged. One area that needs further research regards how ethical leaders can foster followers’ organizational commitment. Drawing upon social exchange theory, the current research proposes that ethical leadership relates to follower affective and normative commitment through perceived organizational support (POS). Moreover, based on self-determination theory, we expected follower psychological empowerment to positively moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and commitment components.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a three-wave study among employees from multiple organizations (N = 297) in Canada. Structural equations modeling and bootstrapping analyses were applied to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that ethical leadership was positively related to follower affective and normative commitment through POS. Furthermore, the relationship between ethical leadership and POS was stronger at high levels of empowerment. This moderating effect extended to the indirect relationship between ethical leadership and commitment components.Originality/valueThis study counts among the few investigations that have examined the mechanisms linking ethical leadership to followers’ organizational commitment and boundary conditions associated with this relationship. Moreover, our findings were obtained while controlling for transformational leadership, which highlights the incremental validity of ethical leadership.

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) practices and green transformational leadership toward inducing employees' green creativity. Specifically, drawing upon the ability, motivation and opportunity theory, the authors tested how green perceived organizational support (green POS) mediates the link between GHRM practices and employees' green creativity. Furthermore, based on the firm's resource-based view, the authors examine the moderating role of green transformational leadership on the relationship between GHRM practice and green POS.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey questionnaire, this research was conducted with a multi-source sample of 201 supervisors and their 428 subordinates from organizations working in grocery, food and personal care products in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings of structural equation modeling revealed that green POS plays a mediating role between GHRM and employees' green creativity. The study findings also highlighted that green transformational leadership moderates the positive relationship between GHRM practices and green POS.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to implement GHRM practices to achieve environmental performance. Individuals are likely to recognize themselves with organizations that are engaged in green practices, and therefore, organizations can get benefits from implementing GHRM practices.Originality/valueThis research explores green POS and green transformational leadership as novel mechanisms through which GHRM practices influence employees' green creativity in organizations. In addition, the authors empirically examined our theorized relationships in the South Asian context.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived organizational support (POS) on the relationships between volunteer job satisfaction, attitude toward volunteering and continuance intention. Also, this study investigated the moderating role of volunteer age in the relationships between study variables.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were recruited from volunteers in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games and/or the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games (N = 4,824). Data were primarily analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA).FindingsResults of the PLS-SEM indicated that, firstly, POS had a positive and significant effect on continuance intention, attitude and job satisfaction. Moreover, the influence of job satisfaction on attitude was statistically significant. Paths from attitude and job satisfaction to continuance intention were statistically and positively significant. As a next step, PLS-MGA was conducted using basic bootstrapping to test the age difference in the research model. Significant differences were found in the paths from POS to attitude and from satisfaction to continuance intention. More specifically, the influence of POS on attitude was significantly stronger for the younger group. On the other hand, the impact of satisfaction on continuance intention was significantly stronger for the older group.Originality/valueThe large sample size of this study offered more persuasive empirical evidence on the role of POS in volunteers' perception and behavior. The findings suggest the importance of the event organizer's support for volunteer outcomes and clear communication with volunteers on their needs and wants.

For retail salespeople chronic time pressure, a perpetual perception of being rushed for time, is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in their daily sales jobs. Despite this practical relevance, consequences of perceived chronic time pressure on retail salespeople's selling behaviors, such as adaptive selling, and selling performance are not well understood. Thus, the authors investigate the effect of retail salespeople's perceived chronic time pressure in interactions with customers and its impact on retail salespeople's adaptive selling behavior, customers’ purchase outcomes, as well as salespeople's overall objective performance. Analysis of dyadic data from 291 salesperson–customer interactions from a large B2C furniture retailer revealed an inverse U-shaped curve for the relationship between retail salespeople's perceived chronic time pressure and their adaptive selling behavior. The chronic time pressure–selling outcome relationship strongly depends on the contingencies of retail salespeople's goal orientations and perceived organizational support and has implications for retail research and practice.

The era of globalization is a time when competition becomes increasingly tight, employees are required to be able to show extra work behavior that can exceed the expectations of the organization (extra role behavior). The existence of high initiative from employees is able to improve the effectiveness of an organization, while employees who have good organizational support will also form positive behavior as a form of reciprocal support to the organization. Through employee engagement is expected to strengthen the behavior of the organization's citizenship. In Indonesia is currently entering the era of demographic bonuses, the condition makes this research interesting to do in millennials. The purpose of this study is to test the influence of employee engagement in mediating perceived organizational support to the organizational citizenship behavior of 83 millennial employees of PT Tatalogam Lestari. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis techniques using SmartPLS were used in this study. The results of the analysis stated that there is an influence perceived organizational support, employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Employee engagement is also proven to mediate the influence of perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior. This study found that the higher the perception of organizational support in employees, the higher the sense of attachment of employees with the organization, so as to encourage the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior in employees.

The Slippery and Shifting Nature of Psychological Contracts The global pandemic has created massive change in the way people work, study, travel, and live in general Typically these include what employees believe they will receive by way of compensation, benefits, work assignments, organizational support, resources, career development, work–life balance, job security, and interpersonal treatment in return for their talent, effort, performance output and quality, cooperation, loyalty, and commitment to the organization’s objectives Interestingly, research shows that the effect of the objective breach is less significant than that of the employees’ emotional feelings of violation, distrust, and anger toward the other party, for example, the manager or organization (Zhao etal , 2007) [ ]questions could be examined using the lenses of work–life balance, work–family conflict, job-demands resources theory, job-demands control theory, organizational justice, and perceived organizational support [ ]do personality factors (e g , resilience, psychological capital, openness to change, learning mindset) moderate the extent to which people react to psychological contract breaches?

(2020) highlights a range of research topics that are ripe for study in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Since the time of writing, however, the pandemic in the United States has grown more severe, there have been significant accompanying economic disruptions (including large-scale unemployment and underemployment, with many organizations closing permanently), federal troops are being deployed in some cities, and a national movement spurred by the murder of George Floyd has prompted the country to again consider its legacy of race relations and racism. [...]the situation Rudolph etal. wrote about is even more chaotic today than they envisioned. [...]many employees in lower wage jobs may be experiencing cumulative stress due to many factors including physical illness, mental distress, and adverse impact. In line with the focal article, we believe that a discussion on the occupational health and safety for different employees, including those on the frontlines (i.e., nurses);those transitioning to working from home;and those experiencing furloughs, layoffs, and reduced hours, is necessary. [...]research should be conducted to determine the extent to which leaders have the ability to influence work stressors during a crisis (i.e., high workloads, hazardous work environments, building team cohesion and social support, enhancing communication strategies, fears of getting infected, negative emotions, and low perceived organizational support).

Drawing on social exchange theory, we examine the conditions under which employees’ good intentions motivate them to engage in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and the psychological mechanism behind this behavioral decision. Findings from a time-lagged field study and a scenario study indicate (1) an interactive effect between perceived organizational support and employee performance on UPB; (2) that low performers who perceive high levels of organizational support are more likely to engage in UPB; and (3) that feelings of indebtedness to the organization mediate the interactive effect on UPB. Therefore, the paper highlights the importance of conditional factors in motivating UPB by combining employee ‘good intentions’ and ‘disadvantageous situations’ to understand the UPB decision process. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.

PurposeThe purpose of this article was to identify factors impacting burnout, resilience and quality of life in rural career firefighters. In addition, sources of stress and the impact of generational differences were explored.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted at a rural career fire department.FindingsThe findings of the project indicate that the firefighters had high levels of compassion satisfaction (CS) and relatively low levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout; displayed moderate to high psychological resilience and the majority felt moderate to high organizational support, but there was a noticeable minority who did not feel supported by the department. Findings indicate that organizational support is significantly related to both burnout and resilience. The majority of the men (88.3%) reported moderate to high risk for alcohol-related problems and over three-quarters (78.6%) reported binge drinking behavior in the past year. Qualitative findings highlight generational differences and chain of command challenges as primary stressors.Originality/valueThis is a unique study in that it focuses on a rural career department. What was found were issues similar to those facing urban career fire departments.

As an organizational asset, employees have an important role in the success of the organization. How to bring up employees who feel supported by the organization and follow the norms of reciprocity with a feeling of obligation to make positive efforts for the organization is the aim of the discussion in this article. The contribution of the article arises from the urgency to provide an explanation of the mechanism that underlies the theory of Perceived Organization Support (POS) for novice researchers in linking the antecedents and consequences of POS. The managerial implication leads to the role of the manager to start by first showing support to his employees in order to move the norm of individual reciprocity to be able to enjoy the utility of POS which includes direct benefits for the welfare of individuals and organizations. Variations of POS measurement items are also discussed to provide recommendations for instrument choice among alternatives. Future POS researchers can take a look at trends in POS-related businesses such as worker collaboration, changes in individual-organizational relationships, and across cultures.

PurposeThe purpose is to understand how affective events employees experience at work, and emotions those events elicit, influence within-person fluctuations in perceived organizational support (POS). The authors explore the possibility of socioemotional needs as a boundary condition of the effects. They integrate affective events theory with organizational support theory to develop their arguments.Design/methodology/approachUsing a diary study method, 55 working adults responded to three surveys per day for ten days (876 total datapoints).FindingsThe results suggest POS fluctuates daily. Furthermore, workplace affective events are significantly related to discrete emotions (happiness and anger), which are significantly related to fluctuations in POS. Indirect effects were generally stronger when socioemotional needs were high compared to low, though the moderation was not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors extend organizational support theory by integrating affective events theory; they highlight the role of affective events and transient emotion in relation to momentary changes in POS and explore socioemotional needs as a moderator of those relationships.Practical implicationsOrganizations can be mindful of employees' daily experiences when considering how to foster POS; minimizing negative affective events and maximizing supportive affective events may enhance POS.Originality/valueThis study is the first to consider predictors of short-term fluctuations in POS. Moreover, the authors integrate affective events and discrete emotions to consider the role of affect in organizational support theory.

Helping behaviors are vital for organizational effectiveness in highly changing and interdependent contexts, such as young, knowledge-intensive SMEs (small and medium enterprises). Therefore, the research on the conditions under which such behavior is promoted is of great importance. In this sense, this paper examined how and when the person–organization fit (PO fit) (i.e., perceived value congruence) influenced the employees’ helping behavior in a sample of 320 employees and their supervisors from 21 knowledge-intensive SMEs in Spain. Results indicated that job engagement was a key mechanism that transmitted the effect of PO fit on employees’ helping behavior. In addition, the level of perceived organizational support (POS) moderated the relationship between person–organization fit and job engagement. Thus, when employees did not feel supported by their organization, their agreement with the values of the organization did not lead them to greater job engagement. Finally, results showed that the indirect relationship between PO fit and helping behavior, through job engagement, was not significant when employees discerned a low level of POS. Important implications are derived from these findings from both a theoretical and practical point of view.

The employee’s in-role and extra-role performance has badly effected due to prevalence of COVID-19. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of perceived organizational support and employee performance. The role of organizational justice is examined as a moderator. A sample of 222 bank employees was selected on convenience basis. The responses were recorded through closed ended questionnaires. The responses were analyzed through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling Method. In times of COVID-19 the perceived organizational support has an antidotal effect on employee’s performance. At the same time the organizational justice has a significant role in the relationship of perceived organizational support and employee performance. The managers interested to have good performance of employees have to ensure organizational support along with justice in organizational practices. The perceived organizational support and justice induce trust among employees and compel them to work with diligence. The organizational justice has greater contributions towards performance. The study has examined the non-linear relationship between perceived organizational support and employees’ performance in bank employees in the context of COVID-19. In such times the people expect increased need for organizational support to fight out the challenges

Perceived organizational support and perceived social support affect individual performance. Their influence may or may not be the same depending on the situation. This study describes the different effects of perceived organizational support and perceived social support on organizational satisfaction and social life satisfaction. Furthermore, it proves that perceived organizational support and perceived social support enhance the organizational (school) satisfaction and social life (life of studying abroad) satisfaction of international students. On addition, through this process, they also increase the career commitment of students. This paper identifies the importance of perceived organizational support and perceived social support necessary to improve the international students' performance, and explain the impact and relevance of their different satisfactions. Through this, this article proposes ways to improve the performance of international students and the discriminatory relevance of perceptions of different objects.

The current study aims to explore factors which influence perceptions of employees and shape their intentions to leave the organization. It utilizes psychological factors that serve as baseline for turnover intentions. Data of 404 employees were taken from banking sector and evaluated through structural equation modeling in AMOS. Results reveal interesting insights identifying intrinsic rewards as significant factor in countering the turnover intentions whereas, justice perception and organizational support do not play direct role in shaping employees perceptions. Results carry managerial and practical guidelines that can be useful for organizations for creating a strategic taskforce.

This research study explores the perceptions of single women at their mid-career stage in the education sector of Pakistan. The Kaleidoscope Career Model (KCM) has been used as a theoretical framework to interpret the research data gathered through semi-structured interviews with five participants (single women) working in public and private sector educational institutes in Pakistan. The interviews covered four main aspects, out of which three aspects were borrowed from KCM (Balance, Authenticity, and Challenge) and an additional aspect of Perceived Organizational Support (POS). The result of the study supported all four aspects. Data gathered on these four aspects reflect five major themes (satisfaction, balance, challenge, development, and support) that were common in the responses of all participants. This research provides useful insights and an in-depth understanding of single women’s mid-career perceptions in Pakistan’s education sector in a male-dominated society.

Araştırmada algılanan örgütsel desteğin hizmet kalitesine etkisinde personel güçlendirmenin aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Alt amaçları ise örgütsel destek algısının hizmet kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini, personel güçlendirmenin hizmet kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini ve örgütsel destek algısının personel güçlendirme üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2018 yılında Antalya’daki 5 yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerindeki çalışanlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, evreni temsil edecek sayıda ulaşılan çalışanlar oluşturmaktadır. Nicel açıdan betimsel araştırma modelinden faydalanılan araştırmada, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile Şubat-Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında toplanan 447 anket verisi analiz edilmiştir. İlgili verilerin analizi sonucunda, algılanan örgütsel desteğin hizmet kalitesine etkisinde personel güçlendirmenin kısmi aracılık etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın alt amaçlarına ilişkin analizler sonucunda, örgütsel desteğin ve personel güçlendirmenin hizmet kalitesi üzerinde etkisi olduğu; örgütsel destek algısının personel güçlendirme algısı üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. * Doktora Tezinden Türetilmiştir (İştin Ercan, A. (2018). Örgütsel Destek Algısının Hizmet Kalitesine Etkisinde Personel Güçlendirmenin Aracılık Rolü: Konaklama İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Turizm İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Mersin.

The study intends to examine the association between psychological empowerment and employee engagement with perceived organizational support and locus of control as moderating variables. The job demands-resources model is used to study the association among the variables. Data were collected from 224 hotel employees located in the vicinity of North India via survey. The structural equation modeling and moderation analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypothesized model. During the study, a significant effect of the dimensions of psychological empowerment on employee engagement was observed. Perceived organizational support and locus of control were found to act as significant moderators for psychological empowerment dimensions and employee engagement relationship. The Human Resource managers need to pay considerable heed to empower employees in the organizations as empowered employees contribute to better decision-making, thereby strengthening the organization's excellence. To improve organizational effectiveness, the HR and OD professionals should provide the best possible support to strengthen the personality attribute resulting in a highly engaged workforce. The study augments the literature of psychological empowerment by assessing the association between dimensions of psychological empowerment and employee engagement. The study is the first of its kind that has taken the locus of control and perceived organizational support as moderators in the Asian context.

PurposeThis study explored whether two Big Five traits – conscientiousness and emotional stability – jointly moderate the positive effects of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee commitment and job performance. Drawing on organizational support theory and a self-regulation perspective, we proposed that employees high on both traits will more effectively leverage POS to enhance both their commitment and their performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 141 employees in a multinational transportation security firm. Employees completed measures assessing their POS, personality and affective commitment. Supervisors provided ratings of employees' job performance.FindingsResults indicated that POS exerts a stronger influence on both employee commitment and performance when workers are high on conscientiousness and emotional stability. Moreover, POS was only found to be significantly associated with job performance when employees were high on both traits.Research limitations/implicationsThese results suggest that personality traits play an integral role in influencing workers' perceptions of, and responses to, POS. Specifically, employees who demonstrate a stronger task focus and self-regulation capabilities appear to respond more favorably to POS.Practical implicationsThese findings reinforce the value of implementing HR practices that convey support for employees but also highlight the importance of attracting and retaining employees who are conscientious and emotional stable in order to fully realize the benefits of these practices.Originality/valueRecent evidence indicates that the relationship between POS and employee performance is tenuous. Our results are consistent with a contingency perspective on POS and signal that this may be partly owing to the `influence of individual differences, such as personality traits, in moderating the effects of POS.

This study examines the relationship between organizational justice and organizational ambidexterity with organizational learning. This paper also evaluates the effect of organizational justice on organizational learning strategies of employees in the cause-effect relationship and measure the effect of perceived organizational support and bi-directionality on organizational learning. 645 family firms operating in Istanbul have been analyzed with Structural Equation Model. Findings demonstrate that organization's ambidexterity ability and the concept of justice in the organization had an indirect and positive effect on the perception of organizational support. This study also highlights that companies using their generic knowledge and skills increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. The exploratory and development capabilities of a company make a significant contribution to the personal development of the employees in the company.

Purpose Supervisors play an important role in the implementation of organizational policies and practices. This study aims to examine the role of supervisors as both recipients and main implementers of organizational change by investigating how supervisors’ relationship with organization would affect their attitude toward change (ATC) and how employees–supervisor relationship, as perceived by employees, would influence their reaction to change. Design/methodology/approach The influence of participation, perceived organizational support (POS) and mutual expectation clarity (MEC) on supervisors’ ATC was examined, along with the influence of leader–member exchange, perception of supervisor’s expressed ATC and also supervisors’ organizational status on employees’ ATC. Two studies were conducted in a chain hospital in India. Findings The findings suggest that supervisors’ ATC improved by higher participation, POS and MEC. Also, while employees’ change attitude was predicted by how they perceived their supervisors’ status, expressed reaction toward change and perception of employee–supervisor relationship, for employees who either perceived highly negative change attitude of their supervisors or believed that their supervisors had low organizational status, the employee–supervisor relationship had almost no effect on improving employees’ attitude. Originality/value Considering that supervisors often tend to engage in professional relationships with their subordinate employees, little is investigated on how, through the lens of relationships, supervisors may affect employees’ ATC. This paper attempts to make a difference by conducting two connected studies in a chain hospital to examine how supervisors – as recipients and implementers of organizational policies and practices – could influence employees’ ATC. The findings suggest managerial implications that could inform practitioners toward improvement of employee buy-ins for change programs.

The present study explores the antecedents of frontline employees’ boundary-spanning behaviors in the hospitality industry. Based on social exchange theory and role theory, a conceptual model was b...

PurposeThis research approaches human resource management (HRM) as a service and aims to develop and test a process for improving perceived HRM service quality.Design/methodology/approachA three-step process was developed by incorporating concepts and tools from service design approach. Based on the literature, it was hypothesized that applying this process could improve perception of HRM service quality, perceived HRM service value, level of leader–member exchanges along with perceived organizational support, role clarity and role ambiguity. A case study was conducted and these variables were measured and compared, before and after testing the process for a test group and a control group within an organization.FindingsThe main findings suggest the effectiveness of the presented process in improving the perceived HRM service quality and social exchanges (in terms of perceived organizational support and leader–member exchanges), while reducing role conflict and role ambiguity in employees and supervisors.Practical implicationsIn a general sense, the obtained result implies that leveraging holistic and collaborative service design tools and concepts in (re)designing internal services, such as HRM, could improve perception of quality in organizational services, which in turn may lead to several important benefits for organizations, particularly in terms of HRM as per the context of this study.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates development of an employee-centered method by borrowing from service design concepts and tools, to improve the perception of HRM service quality.

Burnout is an important issue which has attracted the attention of physicians and health practitioners. Several studies have reported the negative effect of physician burnout and the adverse effect it has on the individual and health institutions. This study therefore examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between teamwork and physician burnout in the Chinese context. Using a survey data consisting of a sample of physicians from hospitals within the Jiangsu Province of China, we estimated three models in a hierarchical framework and identified that in the presence of respondent’s demographic characteristics as control variables, perceived organizational support, play a very vital role in improving teamwork while reducing burnout among physicians.

As working for the nurse is believed to be one of the most stressful professions, nurses are particularly at risk of experiencing fatigue. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, fatigue among nurses may affect physical and mental health seriously, which is attracting increasing attention of researchers and clinical practitioners to find effective prevention measures to alleviate nurses' fatigue. This study aims to investigate the mediational effect of resilience on the relationship between nurses' perceived organizational support and fatigue. A total of 476 nurses from secondary and above hospitals in Hebei province, China during March and April in 2020, were investigated with Perceived Organizational Support Scale, Resilience Scale and Work Fatigue Inventory. Structural equation modeling was conducted to explore the mechanisms of nurses' perceived organizational support on fatigue. Results revealed that perceived organizational support can decrease the nurses' mental/physical/emotional fatigue through the mediating role of resilience. These findings guide for hospital managers to identify effective prevention strategies to alleviate the fatigue of clinical nurses.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory evaluation of employee professional quality of life and factors associated with it at an emergency medical service (EMS) agency in northeast Texas in the United States. Initially, we intended to evaluate typical day-to-day factors, however we ended up capturing these factors during the unique environment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional survey at an EMS agency in northeast Texas in November 2020. Surveys were web-based and anonymous. They included the ProQOL 5, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, the Brief Resilience Survey, the RAND Social Support Survey Instrument, the Kessler-6, the Workplace Incivility Scale-Revised, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Brief Cope Scale. Results The survey had a response rate of 19% (38 participants). Findings suggest a positive relationship between utilising religion as a coping mechanism and higher compassion satisfaction. There was also a relationship associated between increased perceived organisational support leading to an increase in compassion satisfaction. The most significant predictors of burnout were two different coping mechanisms. Those who relied more heavily on behavioral disengagement and those who employed humour as a coping mechanism displayed average increased levels of burnout. Finally, those who experienced workplace incivility and those who relied on self-blame as a coping mechanism experienced on average higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. Conclusion This study adds to the limited literature examining coping mechanisms, stress and burnout in EMS personnel. It is also unique for examining how EMS personnel are coping with stress during a prolonged pandemic.

The main aim of this research paper was to determine the role of social embeddedness approach in perceived organizational support with respect to Vietnamn manufacturing companies. This research paper has adopted primary research data collected using close-ended survey questionnaire. The scale is taken to be 5-point ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The sample size of the study is 400 employees belonging from Vietnamn Manufacturing Companies. The data has been analysed using SEM approach which includes path analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SmartPLS. The results of this paper has revealed that out of the three independent variables tested, only network quality and size had significant relationship with perceived organismal support at 0.000 and 0.013 respectively. Network density has no significant impact on perceived organismal support.

PurposeThe authors explain the conditions under which positive personality traits and work environment factors either interact synergistically or yield diminishing-gains when creative individuals are in a supportive working environment.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained using a time-lagged design. The final sample includes 350 researchers from 64 scientific research teams.FindingsThe results indicate that the need for cognition is positively associated with individual creativity. Furthermore, this study suggests that perceived organizational support for creativity can complement an individual's need for cognition when it comes to individual creativity. This indicates a synergistic pattern. On the other hand, psychological safety can substitute for an individual's need for cognition when influencing individual creativity. Thus, a diminishing-gains pattern also exists.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that when individuals are stuck in environments of low psychological safety, yet perceive higher levels of organizational support for creativity, their levels of creativity can be boosted.Originality/valueThis study is among one of the first to explore a supportive context's complementary or substitution effect on positive personality traits by demonstrating the complementary effect of perceived organizational support for creativity and the substitution effect of psychological safety. This study validates the positive effect of the need for cognition on creativity. This study also enriches the psychological safety literature by showing that psychological safety is not always necessary for individuals with a high need for cognition.