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Twenty U.S. states permit the indefinite detention of civilly committed sex offenders after the end of their prison sentences if their dangerousness is due to a “mental abnormality.” This article explores the origins of one such law by examining its predecessor, the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939. Passed in the wake of a panic over sex crimes and upheld by the Supreme Court in 1940, Minnesota’s psychopath statute extended a 1917 eugenics law providing for the compulsory civil commitment and institutionalization of “defectives” to persons alleged to have a psychopathic personality. Analyzing the 1917 and 1939 laws together shows how one state’s psychopath statute had less to do with psychiatric authority than with the legal and administrative framework established by Progressive-era eugenics. From the 1910s until today, dubious claims about the ability of science to identify potential criminals legitimized politically popular, but constitutionally questionable, forms of administrative and social control.

At the beginning of the Cold War, the United States established military bases at various points around the globe to counter Soviet influence. The construction of these bases was an unprecedented undertaking because its scope. In Spain, an extensive network of military installations was built throughout the country in only 5 years. The main nuclei of this network were the bases of Torrejon, Zaragoza, Moron, and Rota. This article aims to show that these bases share a common design project which implements an underlying grid-like system in the organization of their masterplans. After detailed study of the Torrejon air base, we aim to demonstrate that this grid-like system was conceived as a sophisticated and precise graphic tool able to facilitate the design, construction, and maintenance of the bases, as well as to back an ideological project.

El artículo identifica y analiza los catorce Crucificados de tamaño natural tallados por el escultor Manuel Martín Nieto, natural y establecido en Morón de la Frontera, en la provincia de Sevilla, en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2020. Estas esculturas forman una serie amplia, hasta ahora inédita en la bibliografía artística, en la que se pueden deducir las claves creativas y la evolución artística del autor. Igualmente hay que considerar que al menos seis de estas representaciones se encuentran entre las obras claves de la producción religiosa andaluza de las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI, por lo que es necesario darlas a conocer haciendo las valoraciones oportunas. The article identifies and analyzes fourteen Crucified carved by the sculptor Manuel Martín Nieto, a native and established in Morón de la Frontera, in the province of Seville, in the first two decades of the 21 ST century. These sculptures form a wide series, hitherto unpublished in the artistic bibliography, in which the creative keys and the artistic evolution of the author can be deduced. Likewise, it must be considered that at least six of these representations are among the key works of Andalusia religious production of that period, so it is necessary to make them known by making the appropriate appraisals.

Como homenaje Ad Honorem se presentan las múltiples y diversas actividades académicas que Miguel Ángel Morón realizó a lo largo de su productiva vida académica, haciendo un breve repaso de sus aportes científicos siguiendo un orden cronológico y temático.

Como un homenaje póstumo a la labor de Miguel Ángel Morón en la taxonomía de los Melolonthidae de México, se presenta un análisis de su obra a partir de dos de sus libros y una exposición entomológica que motivo un tercer libro.

The present review studies Jorge Monteleone’s El centro de la tierra (Reading and Childhood), where moving autobiographical stories are threaded with reflections on the brightness of contact with the cosmos of books in childhood. It is a book that in its first part traces the links that the author intends to uncover between childhood and reading, and then focuses on the memories of the author’s childhood between the 1950s and 1960s , the vivacity of what was felt by accessing his father’s small library or by playing with his cousin Hugo in the courtyard of his grandparents in the town of Morón. In the book reverberates both the instant return of the first readings as discovery and enabling it to occur again and the impossibility of reaching it fully. As a whole, it is an inescapable book, either to study the historical construction of children, the history of books and magazines (and publishing houses) for children in Argentina since the second half of the twentieth century, to elucidate child care practices from reading or to ask about such issues in the contemporary scene. Monteleone, J. (2018). El centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia). Buenos Aires: Ampersand, colección Lector&s, 220 páginas. ISBN 978-987-4161-20-8. La presente reseña estudiaEl centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia)de Jorge Monteleone, donde los conmovedores relatos autobiográficos se enhebran con reflexiones sobre el brillo del contacto con el cosmos de los libros en la infancia. Se trata de un libro que en su primera partetraza los nexos que el autor se propone develar entre infancia y lectura, para luego enfocarse en los recuerdos de la infancia del autor entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960 , la vivacidad de lo sentido al acceder a la pequeña biblioteca de su padre o al jugar con su primo Hugo en el patio de sus abuelos en la localidad de Morón. En el libro reverbera tanto el regreso al instante de las primeras lecturas en tanto descubrimiento y que habilita a que ocurra otra vezcomo aquella imposibilidad de alcanzarlo plenamente. En su conjunto, es un libro ineludible, ya sea para estudiar la construcción histórica de las infancias, la historia de los libros y las revistas (y las editoriales) para niños en Argentina desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, para dilucidar las prácticas de cuidado de los niños a partir de la lectura o para preguntarse a propósito de tales problemáticas en el escenario contemporáneo. A presente revisão estuda o centro da terra (Leitura e infância) do Jorge Monteleone, onde as histórias autobiográficas tocantes são encadeadas com reflexões sobre o brilho do contato com o cosmos dos livros na infância. É um livro que, em sua primeira parte, traça os vínculos que o autor pretende revelar entre a infância e a leitura e, em seguida, focaliza as memórias da infância do autor entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960, a vivacidade do significado ao acessar na pequena biblioteca de seu pai ou quando brincava com seu primo Hugo no quintal de seus avós, na cidade de Morón. No livro, reverbera tanto o retorno ao instante das primeiras leituras quanto a descoberta e isso permite que aconteça novamente, além da impossibilidade de alcançá-lo completamente. Como um todo, é um livro inescapável, seja para estudar a construção histórica da infância, a história de livros e revistas (e editoras) para crianças na Argentina desde a segunda metade do século XX, para elucidar as práticas de cuidados infantis desde a leitura ou para perguntar sobre essas questões no cenário contemporâneo. &nbsp

CYRIL Scott produced five volumes all on the same subject. They are The Way of the Childish (1916); Childishness: A Study in Adult Conduct (1930) , Man is my Theme (1939), The Rhymed Reflections of a Ruthless Rhymer (unpublished but completed c . 1943–4) and finally Man the Unruly Child (1953). In addition to these five books, there is another one to be considered: The Real Tolerance . The question arises as to what induced him to repeat the same basic premise for almost forty years? The answer could be he was so aware that the problems he pointed out in the first book had been totally ignored, as had his suggestions for resolving them; perhaps he saw himself as a present-day prophet crying in the wilderness, compelled to proclaim his warnings even though his audience was heedless to them. Despite the devastation and horrors of World War 1, adults, Scott insisted, continued to behave like children. Could a post-war generation do better? The basic argument never alters. It can be summed up in a passage from The Way of the Childish : Mankind has never grown up. With few exceptions, lost like needles in haystacks, the world is peopled by millions of souls who, despite their age and stature, behave like children in the nursery. The only difference is that, whereas the nursery behaviour of children may be on a small and comparatively harmless scale, the nursery behaviour of mankind is on an extensive and devastating one. Scott published a number of books anonymously and sometimes a little detective work is needed to ascertain if he is the author. For instance, The Way of the Childish appears to have been written by Shri Âdvaitâchârya, but on the flyleaf below the title in smaller letters we find: ‘Written down by the author of The Real Tolerance ’. Five years later, in 1921, it ran to a second edition, but this time the flyleaf read ‘Written down by the author of The Initiate ’. Clearly both books were written by Cyril Scott. The Way of the Childish is significant because it is the first notice we have of Scott's interest in theosophy. He explains that the book had been dictated to him and states: ‘The great Initiates, known as “Masters” in the Theosophical literature, instruct their pupils mostly from another plane but there are lesser Initiates who instruct them by word of mouth.’

Este artículo presenta una nueva obra localizada de Ignacio de Ríes, pintor de la escuela sevillana de la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Se trata de la Inmaculada Concepción que figura en las dependencias actuales de la Hermandad y Cofradía del Santísimo Cristo de la Expiración de Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla). Estas dependencias fueron la antigua sede de la iglesia del colegio de la Compañía de Jesús en dicha población. This paper presents an unknown work by the painter Ignacio de Ríes, artist of the Sevillian School of the first half of the 17th century. It is the Immaculate Conception that is located in the current dependencies of the Brotherhood of the Holy Christ of the Expiration in Morón de la Frontera (Seville). These dependencies were the former headquarters of the church of the Society of Jesus School in that town.

During the 20th century numerous solutions for reinforcing wood sub-floors with concrete slabs and frameworks were introduced with the aim of remedying malfunctions due to rheological reasons or the deterioration of some of the components. In certain cases, however, these solutions created an excessive load, and as time went by they aggravated the original pathologies, to the extent where props were required. This is precisely the case of one of the sub-floors in the sacristy that was abutted to the parish church of San Miguel in Morón during the 17th century. The sub-floors on both levels are made of timber beams and hollow plaster bricks. As part of the restoration works carried out in 2013, a concrete slab added for reinforcement in 1970 was removed and replaced with a new reinforcement made out of plywood, pre-tensioning the joints between the new and old pieces. This has significantly reduced the cambers, preserved all the principal elements and led to a more efficient performance. This paper describes the conditions prior to the intervention, the process followed and the results obtained during these restoration works. It also assesses the calculations and projections made., Durante el pasado siglo se pusieron en práctica numerosas soluciones de refuerzo de antiguos forjados de madera mediante losas que pretendían suplir las carencias de funcionamiento por causas reológicas o por deterioro de algunas de sus piezas. Algunas de estas soluciones, sin embargo, supusieron una sobrecarga innecesaria que agravó las patologías previas con el paso del tiempo, hasta el punto de requerir su apuntalamiento. Éste es el caso de uno de los forjados de la sacristía de la parroquia de San Miguel de Morón, un edificio levantado en el transcurso del siglo XVII anexo al templo. Los pisos de sus dos plantas estaban solucionados mediante forjados de vigas de madera y bovedillas de yeso. Como parte de los trabajos de restauración realizados en 2013, se desmontó un refuerzo previo realizado en 1970 mediante losa de hormigón, para ejecutar posteriormente un novedoso tipo de refuerzo con madera laminada, pretensando la unión entre las piezas nuevas y viejas, lo que ha permitido reducir de forma notable las flechas, mantener todos sus elementos principales y obtener un comportamiento más eficiente. La presente aportación expone las condiciones previas a la intervención, el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos durante esta restauración valorando los cálculos y previsiones realizadas.

Philosophers often treat racist and sexist slurs as a special sort of puzzle. What is the difference between a slur and its correlates? In attempting to answer this question, a second distinction has been overlooked: that between slurs and insults. What makes a term count as a slur? This is not an unnecessary taxonomical question as long as ableist terms such as ‘moron’ are dismissed as mere insults. Attempts to resolve the insult/slur distinction by considering the communicative content of slurs are not promising. A better solution is offered by speech act theory, and this paper develops a novel way to describe ordinary slurring utterances as oppressive speech acts. This can both explain the difference between slurs and insults, and challenge the dismissal of ableist terms.

Abstract From 1999 to 2007 Japan-Mongol joint archaeological expedition worked in the Ulaan Uushig site near the city Mörön, Northern Mongolia. The purpose of our survey is to determine the date of the beginning of nomadic powers in the Eurasian steppes. In places where early kingship occurred, various sizes of tombs were often built. The tomb size reflected the social status of the dead. And a powerful “king” built a big tumulus as a symbol of power. However, elite tumuli were abandoned along with the maturity of power structures. We consider that such a phenomenon can also be seen in the Eurasian steppes. For this reason we looked for the earliest tumuli in Mongolia, the heartland of rider nomads, and studied the change of size and structure of nomadic elite tombs.

El Dr. Miguel Ángel Morón Ríos nació el 24 de octubre de 1952 en la Ciudad de México; realizó estudios de licenciatura, maestría y doctorado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM. Fue investigador Nacional SNI (1985-2017); Profesor- Investigador en la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM y Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (1971-1981); Investigador Titular del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (1981-2017); Curador general y fundador de la Colección Entomológica IEXA del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (1985-2012). Realizó 31 estancias de investigación en instituciones de Inglaterra, Francia, Alemania, España, Holanda, Canadá, EUA, Colombia, Nicaragua y Costa Rica.

On a hand-made poster in the ‘HQ’ of the Biker Club in Vorkuta, the three members of the local punk band Mazut loom out of the darkness, their faces comically distorted and framed either side by the words ‘Fucking noise’ and ‘Mutant-morons’. This article traces tropes of ‘mutation’, ‘mutant’ and ‘moron’ within the music, performance and self-identifications of punk scene members drawing on interviews, field notes, audio and visual recordings gathered in autumn 2009 in the city of Vorkuta in Russia’s far North. It explores the ‘mutant’ hero as it appears in facial and bodily gestures, song lyrics and everyday talk on the punk scene. It considers the meanings attached to the practice of ‘mutation’ among scene members as well as the unarticulated role it plays in signalling a boundary crossing between ‘everyday life’, marked by heavy physical and emotional demands of routines of paid employment and family lives, and ‘subcultural life’, as a practice of the enactment of (a consciously temporary) freedom from them.

The great media critic Neil Postman, a proponent of the written word, described himself as a visual moron. 1 Unfortunately, he was not able to read About to Die, which won the 2011 James Tankard Bo...

The problems affecting the small Renaissance chapel dedicated to Virgen de la Antigua in the parish church of San Miguel in Morón de la Frontera have led to a state of decay verging on total ruin. When we addressed the intervention required by the building, we realised that we needed to know what had caused the structural instability which had led to urgent bracing in 1998. We knew that we could not simply take the current state of the building as our starting point for calculating the necessary reinforcements. The precariousness of its current state reveals the scars and traces of a complex fate which we would have to decode by designing and programming a series of examinations to arrive at a diagnosis. All of these processes have enabled us to identify and understand the various phases of construction and destruction, that is, to acquire the necessary - although never sufficient - references to conduct the architectural restoration project.Los problemas que aquejan a la pequeña capilla renacentista dedicada a la Virgen de la Antigua, en la iglesia parroquial de San Miguel de Morón de la Frontera, la han llevado a un estado de degradación cercano a la ruina. Al plantearnos la intervención sobre este edificio surgió la necesidad de conocer las causas de la inestabilidad estructural que llevó a su urgente apuntalamiento en 1998. Para ello entendíamos que no era suficiente tomar como punto de partida el estado actual del edificio y calcular sobre él los refuerzos necesarios. El precario estado en que se encuentra muestra, a simple vista, las cicatrices y huellas de un complejo devenir que debíamos descodificar, diseñando para ello una serie de trabajos de auscultación y reconocimiento. Todos estos trabajos nos han permitido conocer y comprender sus etapas constructivas y destructivas, esto es, contar con las referencias necesarias, aunque nunca suficientes, para la realización del proyecto de restauración arquitectónica.

Hemos intentado presentar una visión de las obras de plata ejecutadas durante los periodos Barroco y Rococó en el norte y nordeste de la provincia de Sevilla, en una zona llamada “Campiña Sevillana”. En este trabajo hemos prestado atención especial a las obras más representativas que todavía existen en las principales poblaciones de esta zona, tales como Carmona, Écija, Estepa, Marchena, Morón, Osuna y Utrera. We try to present a sigh over the silverwork pieces make in the Barroc and Rococo style in the north and northeast of the province of Seville, named “Campiña Sevillana”. In that paper we pay special attention to the main works that yet remain in the main cities of this area, so that Carmona, Écija, Estepa, Marchena, Morón, Osuna y Utrera.

When disorders fade into normality, how can the threshold between normality and disorder be determined? In considering mild intellectual disability, I argue that economic factors partly determine thresholds. We tend to assume that the relationship between disorder, need and services is such that: first, a cut-off point between the disordered and the normal is determined; second, a needy population is identified; and third, resources are found (or at least should be found) to meet this need. However, the changing definitions of intellectual disability can best be understood if we think of this happening in reverse. That is, first, certain resources are thought obtainable, and then a cut-off point for disorder is selected which supplies an appropriately sized ‘needy population’.

Mental retardation (MR) is a cultural concept Ideological orientations and provisions available in a society for its members give rise to such concepts. That is why, in different eras we have different connotations like moron, imbecile, subnormal, idiot and retarded. The most recent attempt has been to propagate the phrase ‘developmentally handicapped’ for these children who are differently able. It has been a general myth that a retarded child cannot free herself from the mental barricade. But that is not at all true. There is considerable ignorance amongst the general public about the behaviour and special talents of these children whom society has always misunderstood and marginalised. Teachers and parents are also not free from negative attitudes towards these children.

A finales del siglo XVIII la región oriental de la isla de Cuba experimentó un incremento poblacional que propició la construcción de nuevas parroquias y con ello la dotación de un mobiliario para las mismas. En este trabajo se da a conocer el proyecto unitario de arquitectura y bienes muebles que se hizo para la población de San Nicolás de Morón.

An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. The word oxymoron is of Greek origin. It combines the word oxy (=sharp) and moron (=dull). Thus, oxymoron not only names a contradiction in terms, it is an oxymoron as well. Oxymoronsmay be used for achieving rhetorical effects, as in working vacation and uninvited guest. They may also result from conceptual sloppiness, as in extremely average, original copy, or same difference. Oxymorons may remain unnoticed when the meanings of the contradictory parts are not distinguished, as in spendthrift, virtual reality, and Artificial Intelligence. Typically, contradictions of this kind are resolvedby taking one term as the inferior attribute of a superior concept. For example, unbiased opinion is a kind of opinion, accurate estimate is a kind of estimate, and the reply “no comment” is not taken as a comment.

Most of the damages that the brick walls of historical buildings show, have the origin in capillary humidity. The way to remove this capillary humidities, is frequently by the deflection of the freatic level. This method causes the desiccation of the soil where lays the foundation of the building, and when the soil is constituted of clays of high plasticity, it happens processes of retraction, that causes the differential settling of the foundation, affecting negatively to the structure of the building. To explain this fact, we describe the studies realized in the foundation of the church of San Miguel in Morón, Sevilla., Gran parte de los daños que sufren las fábricas de las edificaciones históricas, tienen su origen en las humedades de capilaridad. Una de las propuestas para eliminarlas es la desviación o modificación del nivel freático. Ello trae consigo la desecación del terreno de apoyo de la cimentación, al pasar de un estado saturado a otro de humedad natural En aquellos casos en los que los suelos de apoyo de la cimentación estén constituidos por arcillas de alta plasticidad se producirían procesos de retracción, cuya consecuencia podría ser la aparición de asientos diferenciales, que afectarían de forma negativa a la estructura. Para explicar este fenómeno se describe el estudio realizado en la iglesia de San Miguel de Morón de la Frontera (Sevilla).

The Dr. Moron Salas tested experimentally the utilization of the light as therapy for photocoagulation of the eye fund. His first experiences begin in 1945, peaing with the defense of his doctoral thesis. It does not publish his results until 1950, after have read a communication of the Dr. Meyer-Schwickerath, that had obtained success trying retina detachings in human with sunlight. We study the priority of Spanish ophthalmologist over the discovery of this method., El Dr. Morón Salas ensayó experimentalmente la utilización de la luz como terapéutica para fotocoagulación del fondo de ojo. Sus primeras experiencias comienzan en 1945, culminando con la defensa de su tesis doctoral. No publica sus resultados hasta 1950, tras haber leído una comunicación del Dr. Meyer-Schwickerath, que había conseguido éxito tratando desprendimientos de retina en humanos con luz solar. Los autores estudian la posible prioridad del oftalmólogo español en el descubrimiento del método.

Blas Molner, the Valencian sculptor and image-maker (1737-1812), is the prime exponent of sculptural neoclassicism in Seville. As Director of Sculpture and Director General of the Royal School of the Three Noble Arts in Seville, he left to the Andalusian capital the most representative of his artistic creations. In this article we catalogue one of his images, hitherto unknown: a Grieving Virgin from Moron de la Frontera, thus adding to the list of his documented works.

This article looks at the Rolnick and Weber (1982, 1984) theory that maintains that the cause of the US free banking system crisis can be put down to the restrictions on the handing of portfolios imposed on US banks. This hypothesis is backed up by Moron’s (1990) evidence in the case of Peru and, furthermore, by this article which draws up a simple, theoretical outline to illustrate the relevance of this theory. On the basis of the pioneering works by Markowitz (1959) and Klein (1974) the author constructs a free banking model, in which various banks compete with each other, trying to show that their reputation. The reputation factor in this study is considered according to the probability distribution of purchasing power of each particular currency., Este trabajo revisa la hipótesis de Rolnick y Weber (1982, 1984), , la cual sostiene que la crisis del sistema norteamericano de banca libre se explica por las restricciones al manejo del portafolio que le fueron impuestas a dichos bancos. No sólo la evidencia hallada por Morón (1990), para el caso peruano refuerza la hipótesis. Sobre la base de los trabajos pioneros de Markowitz (1959) y Klein (1974) se construye un modelo de banca libre, en el cual los distintos bancos compiten entre sí, tratando de diferenciar su producto añadiéndole mayor reputación. El factor reputación está considerado en este trabajo dentro de los parámetros de la distribución de probabilidad del poder adquisitivo de cada moneda en particular.

Given the chance to ask a distinguished group of science luminaries anything you want, how should you proceed? This is the dilemma facing nonscientist Denis Brian, who authored the Hemingway biography A True Gen, in his book Genius Talk: Conwrsations with Nobel Scientists and OtherLuminaries. Faced with this quandary one could ask scientists how their trenchant research changed the way man views his universe. Or entice them to recount tales of Einstein, Bohr, and other geniuses they have known. Or suggest they descant on the course of science in our society. And this book, Genius Talk, does a bit of all that.

Racist jokes are often funny. And part of this has to do with their racism. Many Polish jokes, for example, may easily be converted into moron jokes but are not at all funny when delivered as such. Consider two answers to ‘What has an I.Q. of 1007’: (a) a nation of morons; or (b) Poland. Similarly, jokes portraying Jews as cheap, Italians as cowards, and Greeks as dishonest may be told as jokes about how skinflints, cowards, or dishonest people get on in the world. But they are less funny as such (at least if one is not Jewish, Greek, or Italian). As this suggests, racist humor is ‘put down’ humor. We laugh, in part, because we find put-downs funny, sometimes even if they are about us. In many contexts, this tendency is relatively harmless; indeed, within reason, it may be therapeutic to join others in a good laugh at oneself. Why, then, all the commotion about racist humor?

It is with ardor that I open my educational periodicals now adays and hasten to see if Bagley or Terman or lesser lights have a contribution upon Democracy and the I. Q. Although what I find is keenly interesting I am, nevertheless, grieved, for I know that my former teacher and my present colleague, each of whom I sincerely respect and highly honor are both "battling for the Lord" and that they ought to be shoulder to shoulder in the fight. I find myself in sympathy with Bagley's belief in de mocracy and with Terman's insistence upon the reality and con sequence of innate and acquired individual differences. Pro fessor Bagley's trust in the outcomes of democracy inspired me when it was my privilege to be a student in his classes, but I did not get my initial concept from him. I have been a Democrat from the days when I threw stones at the young moron who used to call out "rats, cats, and pickled bats are good enough for Democrats, ice cream and sugar plums are good enough for Re publicans." I have liked the term and as with vertical and hori zontal growth its meaning has broadened in my mind I have liked it more and more.

J. TREINER Division de Physique Thkorique *, Institut de Physique Nucleaire, BP 1, 91406 ORSAY Cedex. 1. INTRODUCTION. As stated above, the subject of the present talk is a contradiction in itself -an oxy- moron, as one might say : a nucleus, as soon as it is heated, cannot remain a static system because it wants to evaporate nucleons; the system is no longer in

Dr. Frank Moore, superintendent of the New Jersey Reformatory, when assuming his present duties about three years ago, believed the probability that many of the inmates committed to the institution were mentally defective; not of such low grade as those confined in the New Jersey Training School for Feeble-Minded at Vineland, N. J., but of a higher grade or the so-called moron type. This particular class of defectives, when they become delinquent and come before the courts, are not recognized as such, but are classed as ignorant. Therefore, at the suggestion of Dr. Moore, I started a systematic investigation of the mental status of the inmates, basing this investigation on the system devised by the late Dr. Alfred Binet, the noted French psychologist, which it might be well to explain briefly. Binet examined a large number of school children who could do good work in school and were considered normal

This chapter discusses the problems associated with fertility of the feebleminded. There is but one practical and feasible program in handling the great problem of the feebleminded. That is, as the best authorities are agreed, to prevent the birth of those who would transmit imbecility to their descendants. Feeblemindedness, as investigations and statistics from every country indicate, is invariably associated with an abnormally high rate of fertility. Modern conditions of civilization furnish the most favorable breeding ground for the mental defective, the moron, and the imbecile. The philosophy of birth control points out that as long as civilized communities encourage unrestrained fecundity in the normal members of the population—always of course under the cloak of decency and morality—and penalize every attempt to introduce the principle of discrimination and responsibility in parenthood, they will be faced with the ever-increasing problem of feeblemindedness, that fertile parent of degeneracy, crime, and pauperism.

The sinister hump of Richard III, the evil prothesis of Captain Hook, the fear-inducing, thumping wooden leg of Captain Ahab, and the pitiable crutch of Tiny Tim are all allegorical symbols in our culture. Because books, especially classics, are powerful tools by which civilization perpetuates its values, English teachers have a unique opportunity and responsibility to counter the injustice suffered by truly disabled persons caused by such negative stereotypical portrayals. The fact that the message appears in a classic gives it respectability and even prestige, making it difficult for those with real disabilities to overcome deeply entrenched, complex prejudices (Thurer, 1980). Lenny, the mentally retarded character in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men who killed living thingsincluding a young woman-because he was unaware of his own strength, is an image that may very well be involved in the minds of those who oppose group homes for the developmentally disabled (Biklen and Bogdan, 1977). Steinbeck's Lenny was based on the image of "the moron as a menace" popular during the early part of this century. Kanner (1964) captured the essence of this image when he noted that

In no branch of the science of medicine does a lay diagnosis have weight in a court of law as it does in mental aberration. In most types of active insanity there are manifest and obvious symptoms which brand the as "crazy" in the eyes of the laity. For instance, the testimony of a lay person has been admitted to substantiate the sanity of a person making a will on his death-bed. In many cases of the systematized delusions (paranoia) without deterioration, the interval manic-depressive and certain alcoholic hallucinosis cases of a mild type there may be external evidence of insanity to the layman, but in some cases this is lacking. There is one great class of defectives of tremendous importance from a eugenic, social and economic point defectives. view that is not ordinarily recognized by laymen as defectives. This class comprises the morons and constitutional inferior types. These terms

To the Editor: —Now that Professor Jastrow has so ably disposed of the case of Willetta Huggins by stating that the medical profession has the "will to believe," there remain a few other questions to be disposed of. How does it happen that her case was diagnosed by the psychologic department of Wisconsin as "almost a moron"? Do any of the physicians who saw her in Chicago or Evanston think her a moron? How does it happen that the psychologic department of Northwestern University has no instrument fine enough to determine her threshold of feeling? How does it happen that she distinguished blue, yellow and green in a mixture of blue and yellow that to a normal eye appeared green only? How does it happen that she distinguished between the streaks of pink and green feldspar? Her vision would seem to be abnormally acute instead of being, as every one