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Software testing plays a critical role in the development and the assurance of the software quality. However, the quality of the code that is responsible for testing may, itself, be affected by poor design choices, known as test smells. In the literature, test smells may be interpreted differently by developers, which in turn can lead to different detection tools and results. In our work, we have selected the mostly commonly used detection tools and have investigated their overall agreement across different projects and different test smells. The found results were evaluated according to the average level of agreement, where we observed a definite disagreement between the tools. To overcome this gap of misinterpretation, we propose in this paper a multi-label classification approach to detect test smells based on a deep representation of the test code. We conducted our experiments using 4 problem-transformation techniques and 4 ensemble techniques. To evaluate our experimental results, we built a benchmark using a tool-based approach for labelling and made it publicly available. Binary Relevance and RAkEL are found to be the best multi-label techniques that achieve high performance results.

In this paper, we propose to use production executions to improve the quality of testing for certain methods of interest for developers. These methods can be methods that are not covered by the existing test suite, or methods that are poorly tested. We devise an approach called PANKTI which monitors applications as they execute in production, and then automatically generates differential unit tests, as well as derived oracles, from the collected data. PANKTI's monitoring and generation focuses on one single programming language, Java. We evaluate it on three real-world, open-source projects: a videoconferencing system, a PDF manipulation library, and an e-commerce application. We show that PANKTI is able to generate differential unit tests by monitoring target methods in production, and that the generated tests improve the quality of the test suite of the application under consideration.

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) allow their users to reuse existing software functionality without implementing it by themselves. However, using external functionality can come at a cost. Because developers are decoupled from the API's inner workings, they face the possibility of misunderstanding, and therefore misusing APIs. Prior research has proposed state-of-the-art example-based API misuse detectors that rely on existing API usage examples mined from existing code bases. Intuitively, without a varied dataset of API usage examples, it is challenging for the example-based API misuse detectors to differentiate between infrequent but correct API usages and API misuses. Such mistakes lead to false positives in the API misuse detection results, which was reported in a recent study as a major limitation of the state-of-the-art. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we first undertake a qualitative study of 384 falsely detected API misuses. We find that around one third of the false-positives are due to missing alternative correct API usage examples. Based on the knowledge gained from the qualitative study, we uncover five patterns which can be followed to generate artificial examples for complementing existing API usage examples in the API misuse detection. To evaluate the usefulness of the generated artificial examples, we apply a state-of-the-art example-based API misuse detector on 50 open source Java projects. We find that our artificial examples can complement the existing API usage examples by preventing the detection of 55 false API misuses. Furthermore, we conduct a pre-designed experiment in an automated API misuse detection benchmark (MUBench), in order to evaluate the impact of generated artificial examples on recall. We find that the API misuse detector covers the same true positive results with and without the artificial example, i.e., obtains the same recall of 94.7%. Our findings highlight the potential of improving API misuse detection by pattern-guided source code transformation techniques.

This study aims to examine EFL learners’ perception toward the application of Orai App in CLL method in teaching speaking. The study employed likert-scale questionnaires to enable researchers to collect massive data. The total of 24 first year students of a private university in East Java – Indonesia, comprising of 5 male and 19 female students participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic by finding out the total score per item. The results of this study illustrated that Orai application helps students alleviate the fear of speaking. It can also help students in increasing their speaking ability on the aspects of pronunciation, intonation as well as the speaking speed. Based on the data analysis, CLL method assisted by Orai application is strongly recommended to be used to assist the students to be better speaker.

Using district level data for urban areas in Java, we reassess the impacts of minimum wages on formal and informal sector employment, unemployment and labour participation. We employ the spatial Du...

This article analyses processes of exploitation, accumulation and social reproduction in rural Java. Using fieldwork in a primarily agrarian and a predominantly non-agrarian village, it underlines the ways in which pluri-active labouring class households contribute to processes of accumulation through a variety of forms of petty self-employment and wage-labour–above all sharecropping and female homework, which is interwoven seamlessly with reproductive labour. Agrarian accumulation is dominated by traders and absentee capitalist landowners. Forms of exploitation are linked to petty capitalism's relationship to capital-in-general. The article briefly discusses the potential for labouring class collective action given the villages' relatively flat social structures.

Automated program repair is a promising approach to reducing the costs of manual debugging and increasing software quality. However, recent studies have shown that automated program repair techniques can be prone to producing patches of low quality, overfitting to the set of tests provided to the repair technique, and failing to generalize to the intended specification. This paper rigorously explores this phenomenon on real-world Java programs, analyzing the effectiveness of four well-known repair techniques, GenProg, Par, SimFix, and TrpAutoRepair, on defects made by the projects' developers during their regular development process. We find that: (1) When applied to real-world Java code, automated program repair techniques produce patches for between 10.6% and 19.0% of the defects, which is less frequent than when applied to C code. (2) The produced patches often overfit to the provided test suite, with only between 13.8% and 46.1% of the patches passing an independent set of tests. (3) Test suite size has an extremely small but significant effect on the quality of the patches, with larger test suites producing higher-quality patches, though, surprisingly, higher-coverage test suites correlate with lower-quality patches. (4) The number of tests that a buggy program fails has a small but statistically significant positive effect on the quality of the produced patches. (5) Test suite provenance, whether the test suite is written by a human or automatically generated, has a significant effect on the quality of the patches, with developer-written tests typically producing higher-quality patches. And (6) the patches exhibit insufficient diversity to improve quality through some method of combining multiple patches. We develop JaRFly, an open-source framework for implementing techniques for automatic search-based improvement of Java programs. Our study uses JaRFly to faithfully reimplement GenProg and TrpAutoRepair to work on Java code, and makes the first public release of an implementation of Par. Unlike prior work, our study carefully controls for confounding factors and produces a methodology, as well as a dataset of automatically-generated test suites, for objectively evaluating the quality of Java repair techniques on real-world defects.

Identifying refactoring operations in source code changes is valuable to understand software evolution. Therefore, several tools have been proposed to automatically detect refactorings applied in a system by comparing source code between revisions. The availability of such infrastructure has enabled researchers to study refactoring practice in large scale, leading to important advances on refactoring knowledge. However, although a plethora of programming languages are used in practice, the vast majority of existing studies are restricted to the Java language due to limitations of the underlying tools. This fact poses an important threat to external validity. Thus, to overcome such limitation, in this paper we propose RefDiff 2.0, a multi-language refactoring detection tool. Our approach leverages techniques proposed in our previous work and introduces a novel refactoring detection algorithm that relies on the Code Structure Tree (CST), a simple yet powerful representation of the source code that abstracts away the specificities of particular programming languages. Despite its language-agnostic design, our evaluation shows that RefDiff's precision (96%) and recall (80%) are on par with state-of-the-art refactoring detection approaches specialized in the Java language. Our modular architecture also enables one to seamless extend RefDiff to support other languages via a plugin system. As a proof of this, we implemented plugins to support two other popular programming languages: JavaScript and C. Our evaluation in these languages reveals that precision and recall ranges from 88% to 91%. With these results, we envision RefDiff as a viable alternative for breaking the single-language barrier in refactoring research and in practical applications of refactoring detection.

Traditional medicines are commonly used in the community. One type of traditional medicines that is popular among people is "jamu". "Jamu" can be made from plants, animals, minerals, or a mixture of them that has been used for generations based on empiric experience. This study aimed to describe perceptions of the use of traditional medicines for self-medication among people in Dieng Plateau, Kejajar, Wonosobo, Central Java Province. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Respondents were adults more than 18 years old who had experience in using traditional medicines and were selected with non-random accidental sampling. Thirty-one (31) respondents signed informed consent. Data were collected using an interview guideline and analyzed using enumerative approach. Most of the respondents used traditional medicines for self-medication one to five times a month. They expressed that traditional medicine is like "Jamu", primarily liquid, with limited or no side effects. Traditional medicine was mostly obtained from local groceries at affordable prices. Most of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the use of traditional medicines. They have the willingness to use traditional medicines to deal with their symptoms or minor illnesses. Their satisfaction experience in using traditional medicine will motivate them to do so in the future. Based on the results, it can be said that traditional medicines have an important role in the health care system particularly for self-medication.

This study aims to determine the factors that influence educated unemployment in Java. The data used in this study is secondary data using quantitative methods. Data analysis uses panel data analysis which is a combination of time series and cross-section data. The time-series data uses data for the 2015-2019 period and cross-section data from 6 provinces on the island of Java. The results showed that simultaneously all variables had a significant effect on the level of educated unemployment. While partially shows that the variable level of education and PMDN have a significant positive impact on educated unemployment, and the UMR variable has a significant negative impact on educated unemployment.

During the pandemic, Sunday School activities have challenges: Sunday school teachers are not familiar with technology, children are not used to technology and online meetings. This research was conducted by simple random sampling in several churches in East Java in the Middle class. The total population is 60 children, and the sample taken is 52 children. Data analysis measures the relationship between variables using a correlation test and the magnitude of the influence between variables. This study shows that a teacher can start the Sunday school activities with asynchronous learning during the pandemic using YouTube and WhatsApp media combined with engaged learning strategies that can make children feel involved.

Filariasis limfatik merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria dan ditularkan melalui berbagai jenis nyamuk, penyakit ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Dampak kesehatan dari penyakit filariasis adalah rasa sakit, kecacatan serta menghambat produktivitas. Berdasarkan profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Brebes 2019 diketahui bahwa terdapat 61 kasus filariasis. Kasus filariasis tertinggi ditemukan pada Kecamatan Ketanggungan, Paguyangan dan Bantarkawung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies nyamuk yang diduga menjadi vektor filariasis di tiga kecamatan Kabupaten Brebes. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei entomologi. Data dianalasis secara deskriptif berdasarkan kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi dominansi nyamuk dan keberadaan mikrofilaria pada nyamuk. Hasil penelitian menemukan enam spesies yaitu Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. bitaeniorhyncus, Armigeres sp dan Aedes aegypti. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan di tiga kecamatan tersebut adalah Culex quinquefasciatus, dengan angka dominansi sebesar 73,04 di Kecamatan Ketanggungan, 50 di Kecamatan Bantarkawung dan 43,75 di Kecamatan Paguyangan. Kondisi lingkungan fisik suhu dan lingkungan di lokasi tersebut yaitu 19-31,7oC dan 59-99%. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu nyamuk yang berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis adalah Culex quinquefasciatus dengan lokasi terbanyak di Kecamatan Ketanggungan.

LncRNAWiki, a knowledgebase of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been rapidly expanded by incorporating more experimentally validated lncRNAs. Since it was built based on MediaWiki as its database system, it fails to manage data in a structured way and is ineffective to support systematic exploration of lncRNAs. Here we present LncRNAWiki 2.0 (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/lncrnawiki), which is significantly improved with enhanced database system and curation model. In LncRNAWiki 2.0, all contents are organized in a structured manner powered by MySQL/Java and curators are able to submit/edit annotations based on the curation model that includes a wider range of annotation items. Moreover, it is equipped with popular online tools to help users identify lncRNAs with potentially important functions, and provides more user-friendly web interfaces to facilitate data curation, retrieval and visualization. Consequently, LncRNAWiki 2.0 incorporates a total of 2512 lncRNAs and 106 242 associations for disease, function, drug, interacting partner, molecular signature, experimental sample, CRISPR design, etc., thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date resource of functionally annotated lncRNAs in human.

Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) is considered as the most significant type of TD in industrial practice. In this study, we interview 21 software engineers and architects to investigate a specific type of ATD, namely architectural smells (AS). Our goal is to understand the phenomenon of AS better and support practitioners to better manage it and researchers to offer relevant support. The findings of this study provide insights on how practitioners perceive AS and how they introduce them, the maintenance and evolution issues they experienced and associated to the presence of AS, and what practices and tools they adopt to manage AS., Submitted and accepted to IEEE Software special issue on Technical Debt. This is a preprint

Berbagai studi telah dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak pengganda dari perekonomian Bali. Namun, studi-studi tersebut umumnya berfokus pada keterkaitan antar sektor menggunakan model Input-Output (IO). Padahal, perekonomian antar wilayah dapat saling bergantung melalui berbagai macam eksternalitas dan jaringan rantai suplai. Studi ini menganalisis perekonomian Bali tidak hanya berdasarkan hubungan antar sektor, namun juga mempertimbangkan hubungan ekonomi Bali dengan provinsi lainnya. Model yang digunakan adalah Inter Regional Input Output (IRIO). Tabel IRIO berukuran 17 industri x 34 provinsi diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa industri unggulan di Provinsi Bali, yaitu Listrik dan Gas, Transportasi dan Pergudangan, Informasi dan Komunikasi, dan Jasa Perusahaan. Industri Listrik dan Gas memiliki keterkaitan antar sektor dan dampak output yang paling besar diantara industri-industri di Provinsi Bali. Selanjutnya, analisis antar wilayah menunjukkan bahwa shock permintaan akhir di Provinsi Bali berdampak besar terhadap perekonomian provinsi-provinsi di Pulau Jawa, khususnya Jawa Timur. Di sisi lain, perekonomian Bali sangat dipengaruhi oleh shock permintaan akhir di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.

Reviews on test-driven development (TDD) studies suggest that the conflicting results reported in the literature are due to unobserved factors, such as the tasks used in the experiments, and highlight that there are very few industry experiments conducted with professionals. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of a new factor, the chosen task , and the development approach on external quality in an industrial experimental setting with 17 professionals. The participants are junior to senior developers in programming with Java, beginner to novice in unit testing, JUnit, and they have no prior experience in TDD. The experimental design is a $2\times 2$ 2 × 2 cross-over, i.e., we use two tasks for each of the two approaches, namely TDD and incremental test-last development (ITLD). Our results reveal that both development approach and task are significant factors with regards to the external quality achieved by the participants. More specifically, the participants produce higher quality code during ITLD in which splitting user stories into subtasks, coding, and testing activities are followed, compared to TDD. The results also indicate that the participants produce higher quality code during the implementation of Bowling Score Keeper, compared to that of Mars Rover API, although they perceived both tasks as of similar complexity. An interaction between the development approach and task could not be observed in this experiment. We conclude that variables that have not been explored so often, such as the extent to which the task is specified in terms of smaller subtasks, and developers’ unit testing experience might be critical factors in TDD experiments. The real-world appliance of TDD and its implications on external quality still remain to be challenging unless these uncontrolled and unconsidered factors are further investigated by researchers in both academic and industrial settings.

O uso de ferramentas de ensino tornou-se uma alternativa para complementar a aprendizagem do conteúdo escolar. Este artigo faz uma panorâmica de aspectos da Compilação e análise de desempenho das ferramentas computacionais GALS, Grammophone, The Context Grammar Free Checker, Verto e Parsing Simulator que foram desenvolvidas para suporte ao processo de compilação e têm como objetivo o apoio ao aprendizado da disciplina de Compiladores. Há várias ferramentas conhecidas, porém só algumas foram construídas para fins acadêmicos e serão apresentadas neste trabalho, bem como foram testadas com alunos na disciplina de Compiladores do curso de Graduação e também no Mestrado em Ciência da Computação de uma Universidade Pública Brasileira no Paraná para analisar hipóteses, auxiliar na verificação de exemplos de parsing e trocar experiências sobre essas ferramentas de Compilação. As fases de análise léxica e principalmente sintática tornaram-se mais didáticas e atraentes aos alunos, ficando fácil de entender suas funcionalidades e implementação de um compilador como um todo. GALS se mostrou ser uma boa opção com uma simples interface, trabalhando análise léxica e sintática para mais de uma linguagem (Java, C++ e Delphi). Estudos de Gramáticas Livres de Contexto no formato LL(1), LR(0) e LR(1) podem ser favorecidos não só com GALS, mas também com as ferramentas Grammophone e The Context Grammar Free Checker. Já o Verto trabalha de forma didática não só as etapas de análise léxica e sintática (essa também com Parser LR(1)), mas também a geração de códigos. Parsing Simulator se mostrou uma ferramenta intuitiva e também apresenta um acervo extenso de opções de análise sintática exibindo o passo a passo das tabelas de análise LL(1) e LR(K) promovendo o ensino-aprendizagem em Compiladores.

This study explores the perceptions of student teachers on the collaborative relationship between inclusive elementary schools (IESs) and universities. Data were collected through online surveys and semi-structured interviews with 50 student teachers studying in elementary school teacher education study programs spread across three provinces of Indonesia, namely West Java, Central Java, and East Java. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis results found four main themes: inclusive teacher readiness, benefits, inclusive education insights, and inclusive education quality. This study indicates that mutually the collaborative relationship between universities and IESs is very important for the two parties specifically, and for inclusive education in Indonesia generally. Broadly, this research implies that, to establish policies and practices for inclusive education, universities, as the primary authority for producing inclusive teacher candidates, must design programs that are relevant to the problems experienced by IESs. Policymakers, namely the government through the education office, must support and encourage multi-relational collaborative relationships with all parties. To date, the implementation of inclusive education, especially the involvement of all stakeholders in developing inclusive education, follows the policies set by the government – the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology – of the Republic of Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.10.15

The current increase in pollution is of great concern because it will have an impact on various aspects of life. The increase in pollution results in global warming in the form of earth's temperature. This study aims to examine the effect of soil pollution on increasing temperatures in Indonesia.The design of this study is descriptive quantitative. This study uses 2018 Village Potential (Podes) data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This study uses multiple linear regression by looking at soil pollution factors, temperature, and involving other factors as supporting factors. Temperatures in Indonesia range from 24.5oC-28.3oC. Due to soil pollution, the temperature increased by 0.05oC and specifically on the island of Java, the temperature increased by 0.157oC. The existence of land burning activities also increases the temperature by 0.07oC and in Java by 0.144oC. Soil pollution has a positive effect on increasing temperatures in the territory of Indonesia by 0.055oC. Java Island as the center of government and economy has a big role in generating pollution. Pollution on the island of Java resulted in an increase in temperature of 0.157 oC. The addition of a control variable in the form of community behavior in burning fields, will affect the nutrients in the soil and also exposure to smoke will interfere with the health of living things, apparently contributing to an increase in temperature of 0.01oC. Keywords: Soil pollution; temperature rise, Java island; land burning

This study aimed to determine the effect of religiosity on the work ethic of the educator at the State Police School (SPN) of the Central Java Police. This research is a quantitative study with 57 educators at the State Police School (SPN) of the Central Java Police. The data collection method used in this study is to use a work ethic scale with a reliability of 0.955, a religiosity scale with a reliability of 0.906. The data analysis technique used in this study was a simple linear regression analysis technique to determine the effect of religiosity on the work ethic of the State Police School (SPN) educators of the Central Java Police. The results showed that the calculated F = 0.942 and significant value = 0.000 (p

This study aims to examine the “how” and “what kind of” implementation process of extension by the needs of the Tengger Tribe in optimizing their social capital as an effort to accelerate the process of information and technology transfer to achieve the goals of extension that have been outlined in the philosophy of extension, namely behavior change farmers as an effort to improve welfare. This research useed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Based on the research found that a system and implementation of extension were needed by local conditions, and accommodates tribe characteristics. The reconstruction of the extension system must be carried out thoroughly in terms of the institutional aspects of extension, extension workforce, and implementation of extension so that it could achieve the expected goals of changing farmer’s behavior to improve the welfare of farmers in the Tosari Sub-District of Pasuruan Regency.

The predominant breastfeeding coverage rate in Jombang Regency is 9 percent, which is the highest in the province of East Java. Furthermore, according to the Jombang Health Profile in 2019, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 82.9 percent. The exclusive breastfeeding coverage rate is 0.23 percent lower than the rate of 83.03 percent in 2018. Mother's knowledge, mother's education level, environment and family, and socio-cultural support are all factors that contribute to the lack of exclusive breastfeeding. According to several researchers, a mother's level of education and knowledge has the greatest direct influence on breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education level, mother's knowledge, and breastfeeding status with motor skills and nutrition status of toddlers in Diwek District, Jombang. This study used a cross-sectional study design with an observational analytic approach. The total population of this study, which included all children aged 0-4 years in Diwek District, Jombang Regency, was 9,264 children, with 200 samples obtained from calculations using the S. Lemeshow. The findings of this study from three independent variables (x) revealed that only one had a p-value greater than 0.05 or had a significant relationship with toddler motor skills. At the same time, the dependent variable nutritional status demonstrates that all factors in the independent variable have a p-value greater than 0.05 or indicate a link.

The research entitled "Analysis of the Implementation of Smart Governance through Twitter in Local Governments in Indonesia" is a study that focuses on the analysis of branding, criticality, participation, and transparency. This study aims to find out about the use of Twitter in Government. This research is qualitative research using artificial-intelligent software NVivo 12 Plus. The results showed that the function of branding in the health sector in Central Java dominated, followed by DKI Jakarta, Bandung City, and Surabaya City. The superior crisis function is the health crisis with the highest position, namely Central Java, Bandung City, DKI Jakarta, and Surabaya City. The participation function superior in terms of public engagement is DKI Jakarta; the participation function in the superior collaboration field is the City of Surabaya, Bandung City, and Central Java. The function of transparency in terms of superior service is DKI Jakarta, Surabaya City, Central Java, and Bandung City.

Community welfare is one of the important points for a region and is also the essence of national development. The welfare of the people in Indonesia is fairly unequal, especially in East Java. To be able to map an area to the welfare of its people in East Java, one way that can be used is to use clustering. The hierarchical clustering method is one of the clustering methods for grouping data. In hierarchical clustering, single linkage, complete linkage, and average linkage methods are suitable methods for grouping data, which will compare the best method to use. The results of the calculation show that the average linkage method with three clusters is the best calculation with a silhouette index value of 0.6054, with the 1st cluster there are 23 regions, namely the city/district with the highest community welfare, the 2nd cluster there are 11 regions, namely cities/districts with moderate social welfare, and in the third cluster there are 4 regions, namely cities/districts with the lowest community welfare.

The purpose of this research is to find out how to manage education and trainingstrategies that not only maintain the existence of the institution but also provide benefits for the perpetrators even though it is carried out during the pandemic. This research was conducted in 6 courses and training institutions in East Java and West Java, from March to April 2021. Using a qualitative approach, starting with the distribution of a preliminary questionnaire, then elaborated by in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that the pandemic provides fundamental changes to the governance or management of educational and training institutions starting from planning, implementation and evaluation. At the planning stage, the course and training institutions change the time, goals, and costs to adapt to pandemic conditions, then create digital marketing strategies, and initial assessments for material efficiency. At the implementation stage, the institution applies virtual learning, as well as face-to-face meeting if it is really necessary to do so. At the evaluation stage, the institution uses a contextual evaluation adapted to the pandemic situation but with the appropriate conditions.

This study focuses on analyzing the changing role of kiai and his influences in pesantren. The decline of kiai’s authority in pesantren, besides being resulted from the changing role of kiai, is caused by social changes outside pesantren. As a result, kiai, who initially served as the agent of change and political reference, is now experiencing some challenges. To analyze such conditions, this study carefully uses the concept of authority and the patron-client relationship between kiai and santri. In this case, the research is carried out in three pesantrens in Java; Pesantren Cidahu Pandeglang, Pesantren Husnul Khotimah Kuningan, and Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang. Pesantren that has transformed into a modern institution tends to be more resilient, but the influence of kiai toward his santris starts to decrease. Meanwhile, pesantren that remains as a traditional institution has reduced in number, but the influence of kiai toward the santris is still strong. Thus, this study shows that the power of kiai toward santri in modern pesantren has decreased due to modernization and social changes.

The purpose of this study is to describe the presence of species diversity and composition in Bratas River. Fish sampling was conducted in dry and rainy seasons in five locations, namely Batu City, Blitar City, Tulungagung regency, Jombang Regency, and Mojokerto Regency, East Java. This study collected 295 individual fishes belonging to 12 species. The 162 individuals were obtained in the dry season, while 133 individuals were captured in rainy season. The most dominant species was mujahir (Oreochromis mosambica) followed by keting (Mystus paniceps) and kutuk (Channa striata). The fish abundance significantly varied among study sites, while that of species richness and diversity did not differ significantly. Fish diversity in high elevation was the lowest, while that in relatively middle elevation was the highest. Compared to the previous report, fish species diversity in Brantas was decreasing, some species were not found. Three species were considered as exotic include Oreochromis mosambica, Clarias batracus, Oreochromis niloticus.

This study analyzes the importance of human resource management in schools by focusing its analysis on human resource management in improving the quality of education at Al-Islam Krian High School, Sidoarjo, East Java. The education system at every level relies heavily on human resources for the implementation of its programs. The success of education in schools is determined by the principal's success in fostering and developing educators and education personnel in schools to improve the quality of education. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Data collection techniques are carried out through; observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that planning in improving the quality of education was carried out by analyzing human resource needs and mapping positions according to the school's vision, mission, and goals, making job descriptions and job specifications. Existing human resources are then fostered and trained to improve the quality of their resources by those targeted by educational institutions.

Empowerment of catfish advertising cultivation for the community can increase the income source of rural communities and also as an effort to expand employment opportunities for rural communities through the provision of existing land and water in the village of Mojorangagung Wondayu Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Fish farming business groups in running their business require a business license as a form of legality. Assistance and roles and cooperation with various related agencies are needed in the progress of fish farming business groups, for example,Cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and Food, Cooperation with Universities, one of which is with the National Development University "Veteran" East Java so that assistance can be carried out in managing its legality and can be carried out assistance in cultivation and marketing as well as various other collaborations with related agencies are also needed. The management of legal entities for fish farming groups is very important, apart from being an obligation some rights can be obtained by fish farming groups that have legal entities including being able to receive assistance from the government in the hope that fish farming business actors in the future can be independent and carry out sustainable fisheries business.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of food inflation in Java and Sumatra. This study uses Panel Data regression analysis to identify inflation and uses a panel data model from 2013 - 2019 with a sample of 16 provinces in Sumatra and Java, to determine the effect of each variable on the Consumer Price Index. The results of this study indicate that from the panel data regression analysis that the independent variables of the World Food Price Index, the Average Price of Onions, Rice, Chili and Chicken in the Provincial Capital have an effect on the Consumer Price Index, while Per Capita PDRB does not have a significant effect on the Consumer Price Index in the Province. Java and Sumatra.

This article discusses the Australian government’s immigration policies in the context of the global refugee crisis in the years 2015–2016, as reflected and dramatised through the polemical novel b...

With the average contribution of imports to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in the last five years reaching 19.1%, the dynamics of global commodity prices also influence the economic performance of East Java, including the movement of inflation. A composite indicator of global commodity prices is needed to find out the impact of changes in various global commodity prices on inflation in East Java. By adopting the Bank Indonesia methodology in forming a composite global price known as the Imported Inflation Price Index (IHIM) which has considered the method of forming a global composite price created by the IMF (IMF Commodity Price Index), the compilation of East Java global price composites also examines the accuracy of commodity selection and aspects of data availability. The selected global price composite for East Java is a composite of seven global commodities which include food (wheat, soybeans, corn and CPO) and non-food (iron, gold and oil). These are two aspects determining the relative weight, namely (I) the import portion of the total input based on the Input-Output table and (ii) the commodity weight of derivatives in the East Java Consumer Price Index (IHK) basket. Furthermore, with OLS regression, the composite of East Java global commodity prices affects the core-traded inflation movement in East Java. Thus, the composite of global commodity prices in East Java can be used as an indicator of East Java inflation projections, especially core-traded inflation. This study, in general, will also examine the effect of the exchange rate impact on the movement of core inflation, especially traded groups in East Java. Based on the regression results it is known that the impact of the exchange rate movement on core traded inflation in East Java is more significant than the effect of world commodity price movements.

The Indonesian Government releases the Law 6/2014 on Village. Since then, there are lively discussions about its implementation. In its 7th years of implementation, this paper intends to analyse on how and to what extent the implementation of the Village Law has determined village development in Indonesia. This paper is based on case study approach, which is conducted in seven selected villages in East Java Province. Data is collected by series of interviews with village heads, member of village council, women and youth representatives. This paper presents that there are three main popular sectors of village development in Indonesia namely institutional reform, local economic development and applied technology. On this, the paper argues that applied technology is less problematic than the other two. Institutional reform and local economic development are two sector that many problems (social and political) are identified. This relates to existing social-political structures of traditional Javanese village as well as problem of capacity.

One of the relics whose existence must be preserved and preserved is in Banyuwangi Regency, precisely in Alas Purwo National Park (TN Alas Purwo), a national park located in Banyuwangi covering an area of 43,420 hectares. In addition to having a diversity of flora and fauna in the Alas Purwo National Park area, there are also many objects and buildings of the past, especially on the Sembulungan peninsula, which was formerly known as an entry and exit route for colonial trade commodities. However, let alone the student community who are academics who are not very familiar with the relics on the Sembulungan peninsula, the method used in this service is qualitative analysis by coming to the location directly and conducting observations and collecting data through structured interviews with a triangulation approach. The results show that students' insight has increased by looking at the relics of the Japanese military in maintaining power in the form of bunkers, cannons, and military strategies developed on the Sembulungan peninsula for maritime security.

This study aims to analyze the Islamic basic-values of sustainability in water resource management in Sumberrejo Village, Purwosari Sub-district, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It was designed as a case study . The research subjects were the village officials, water resource managers, and water resource user communities. The data were collected through active participation, interview, observation, and documentation. In the data interpretation stage, this research employed the descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the Islamic basic-valuesof sustainability carried out by the people of Sumberrejo Village were that water management was a form of worship or obedience to Allah, gratefulness, fair distribution, balance ( m izan ), and care.

Banyumas Regency is a student city in Central Java which has 21 tertiary institutions, consisting of state and private tertiary institutions, spread throughout the Banyumas region. With so many PTs available, it is often difficult for prospective students from out of town to get locations, so by building an Android-based Geographic Information System for Banyumas Higher Education Institutions that is built to help and facilitate the community or prospective students. With the prototype method with steps (communication, planning, modeling, prototype formation, and evaluation). The scope of the system includes the GPS assistance facilities. The main menu contained in the application of PTN and PTS about the brief description of information about tertiary institutions, facility menus from the ATM, gas station and hospital sub menus, emergency call menus containing important telephone numbers such as the police and fire department , and help menu how to use the application. Conclusions The study states that HI was accepted, namely "There is a significant time difference in the process of finding the location of tertiary institutions before and after using the Geographic Information System for Higher Education in Banyumas Regency on Android". Then based on the results of product tests that have been done show that the product test value to determine the quality of the system being built is 96.85, the value is greater than the feasibility limit of 75. Thus, the system built is suitable for use by the wider community.

Commit messages recorded in version control systems contain valuable information for software development, maintenance, and comprehension. Unfortunately, developers often commit code with empty or poor quality commit messages. To address this issue, several studies have proposed approaches to generate commit messages from commit diffs . Recent studies make use of neural machine translation algorithms to try and translate git diffs into commit messages and have achieved some promising results. However, these learning-based methods tend to generate high-frequency words but ignore low-frequency ones. In addition, they suffer from exposure bias issues, which leads to a gap between training phase and testing phase. In this article, we propose CoRec to address the above two limitations. Specifically, we first train a context-aware encoder-decoder model that randomly selects the previous output of the decoder or the embedding vector of a ground truth word as context to make the model gradually aware of previous alignment choices. Given a diff for testing, the trained model is reused to retrieve the most similar diff from the training set. Finally, we use the retrieval diff to guide the probability distribution for the final generated vocabulary. Our method combines the advantages of both information retrieval and neural machine translation. We evaluate CoRec on a dataset from Liu et al. and a large-scale dataset crawled from 10K popular Java repositories in Github. Our experimental results show that CoRec significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method NNGen by 19% on average in terms of BLEU.

Successful software authorship de-anonymization has both software forensics applications and privacy implications. However, the process requires an efficient extraction of authorship attributes. The extraction of such attributes is very challenging, due to various software code formats from executable binaries with different toolchain provenance to source code with different programming languages. Moreover, the quality of attributes is bounded by the availability of software samples to a certain number of samples per author and a specific size for software samples. To this end, this work proposes a deep Learning-based approach for software authorship attribution, that facilitates large-scale, format-independent, language-oblivious, and obfuscation-resilient software authorship identification. This proposed approach incorporates the process of learning deep authorship attribution using a recurrent neural network, and ensemble random forest classifier for scalability to de-anonymize programmers. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed approach over the entire Google Code Jam (GCJ) dataset across all years (from 2008 to 2016) and over real-world code samples from 1,987 public repositories on GitHub. The results of our work show high accuracy despite requiring a smaller number of samples per author. Experimenting with source-code, our approach allows us to identify 8,903 GCJ authors, the largest-scale dataset used by far, with an accuracy of 92.3%. Using the real-world dataset, we achieved an identification accuracy of 94.38% for 745 C programmers on GitHub. Moreover, the proposed approach is resilient to language-specifics, and thus it can identify authors of four programming languages (e.g., C, C++, Java, and Python), and authors writing in mixed languages (e.g., Java/C++, Python/C++). Finally, our system is resistant to sophisticated obfuscation (e.g., using C Tigress) with an accuracy of 93.42% for a set of 120 authors. Experimenting with executable binaries, our approach achieves 95.74% for identifying 1,500 programmers of software binaries. Similar results were obtained when software binaries are generated with different compilation options, optimization levels, and removing of symbol information. Moreover, our approach achieves 93.86% for identifying 1,500 programmers of obfuscated binaries using all features adopted in Obfuscator-LLVM tool.

The trend growth of travelers abroad from the Middle East, especially from Saudi Arabia, is getting increased. In the year 2019, Indonesia managed to reach rank first tour halal popular world. In the digital era, these things must of course be balanced with a marketing communication strategy that demands an Arabic travel e-encyclopedia. The Siyaha Tourism application developed by researchers is one of the right alternatives. This application is designed and developed using research and development (RD) with a Four-D model combined with the procedure for compiling an encyclopedia based on Arabic lexicography. The combination of the media application development process and the preparation of this encyclopedia is a good outcome with complete product specifications, both in terms of content and features. The results of the validation from language, tourism, and culture experts also show that the Siyaha Tourism application in the form of android for mobile and the website www.siyaha.online is worthy of being a media for tourism information, especially tourist destinations in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia which the government has designated as city pilot project of the halal tourism program. 212 respondents rated this product. The results show that the quality of the Siyaha Tourism application is good and needed for tourism.

This aims of this reseach to analyze the effect of sector of tourism on absorption of labor in East Java Province in 2012-2018 (Study case: Regency/City in East Java Province). This research used secondary and the data obtained from the Tourism Office of East Java Province, the Office of Manpower and Transmigration of East Java Province and the Central Statistics Agency of East Java Province. The analysis technique in this research is panel data analysis wich is prossed using Random Effect Model (REM) . The dependent variable in this study is labor in the tourism sector in the Regency/City East Java Province in 2012-2018, while independent variables is the number of hotels, the number of restaurants, the number of tourism objects and number of tourists in the Regency / City of East Java Province in 2012. -2018. In this reseach, it is found that the variables number of hotels, the number of restaurants, the number of Tourism objects a positive and significantly. However, for the variable number of tourists a positive but does not effect absorption of labor in the tourism sector in the Regency / City of East Java Province.

The main problem faced by the new students is the pressure on themselves that affects academics and non-academics. This pressure makes new students feeling of uncomfortable caused by new environment which called a culture shock. A person who experiences a culture shock will affect their physical and emotional condition. Someone who has negative feelings about themselves and others can cause individuals to experience low self-esteem. This study aims to analyze the relationship between culture shock and the self-esteem of new students outside Java at the University of Jember. The researcher used quantitative cross-sectional analytical research design, using purposive sampling technique to get a sample of 106 students, and using culture culture shock and the Self Esteem Inventory (SEI) questionnaire. The results of the study using the tau_b kendall statistical test obtained the value p = 0.330 and r = -0.093 so that p> α. So, there is no surprising cultural connection with the self-esteem of new students outside Java at the University of Jember. Suggestions from this study are expected that educational institutions can provide training, development and psychological assistance as long as students undergo an adaptation process in a new environment

Background: Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors possessed by dental students become provisions in the education and promotion of oral health in the community. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the oral health knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Indonesian dental students in East Java province based on gender and educational stage. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire distributed to dental students at five dental faculties in East Java. 169 respondents in this study completed an online HU-DBI questionnaire with a choice of answers to agree or disagree about the description of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Results: Female students have a higher level of knowledge and oral health behavior than the opposite sex with a significance value of

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk visual dan ragam hias yang ada dalam mushaf Al-Quran yang disalin di Pura Pakualaman, Yogyakarta, yang diuraikan dengan model satuan visual seni kriya. Naskah-naskah koleksi Pura Pakualaman disimpan di perpustakaan Pura Pakualaman, termasuk lima buah mushaf Al-Qur’an. Dua di antaranya memiliki ragam hias, yaitu satu mushaf dengan ragam hias wedana renggan, dan satu mushaf lainnya dengan ragam hias wedana gapura renggan dengan ragam hias flora. Tidak seperti naskah-naskah Pura Pakualaman pada umumnya yang memiliki kaitan filosofis antara teks dan ragam hiasnya, ragam hias yang terdapat pada mushaf ini tidak memiliki keterkaitan makna antara teks ayat Al-Quran dengan ragam hias yang mengitarinya. Ragam hias wedana renggan dan wedana gapura renggan yang muncul dalam mushaf Al-Qur’an tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh tradisi penulisan naskah Jawa dalam penyalinan mushaf Al-Qur’an di Jawa, khususnya di Pura Pakualaman.

The aim of this community service is to provide a democracy learning model workshop for elementary school teachers in Central Java. This activity is to socialize and practice the skills of the democratic learning model at the elementary level. In this activity, 26 elementary school teachers participated by online (Zoom Application). This community service is carried out in the form of a workshop with the first stage in the form of lecturing, questions and answers, and discussions. While the next stage is in the form of practice. Based on the implementation of this community service, it can be concluded that: first, this workshop is able to improve the knowledge and skills of elementary school teachers in Central Java of democracy learning model. This workshop also produced a video product of the steps of the democracy learning model. This workshop was considered success because all participants participated fully.

This activity aims to study and improve the development of village tourism potential in the formulation of a creative economy tourism model in Kartikajaya Village, Kendal Regency, Central Java. The unemployment rate in this district is quite high, at 6%. It is greater than the unemployment rate in Central Java, which is 4.5% (Bappeda Central Java Province, 2019). This research is an action research conducted by mapping the tourism potential in Kartikajaya Village based on creative economy through the study of tourism potential and the preparation of community creativity. The creative economy provides skills and an alternative source of income through tourism around Kartikajaya Village. The data collection method used interviews with informants with a sample of 20 people (the Tourism Office, Industry Service, PKK, UMKM, Youth Organization, Pokdarwis, communities, and tourists), direct observation to the field, documents, and through FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The results of research by researchers on the aspect of internal strength come from the potential for tourist attraction and the creative economy. Meanwhile, the external analysis is a study of the potential for tourism to the community's economy, namely entrepreneurial opportunities, job opportunities, tourism supporting factors, and regional economic development drivers. This weakness occurs at the level of human resources who do not have training / skills in the tourism sector.

Kiai as the person who is most responsible for the journey of the pesantren certainly has a big contribution to the independence of the pesantren, because in the structure of the boarding school Kiai is the highest leader and has enormous authority. The role of the Kiai is one of the important factors behind determining the future direction of the pesantren, one of which includes the economic independence of the pesantren. The objectives of this research were the Kiai’s strategy in the economic independence of the pesantren, and the second, the factors that shaped economic independence in Islamic boarding schools. The focus of the location in this research was Darul Fiqhi Islamic Boarding School, Lamongan, East Java. This research was qualitative research. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation, while the data analysis method used descriptive analysis. Based on the research conducted, it was known that: first, the role of the Kiai in the economic independence of the pesantren was that the Kiai acted as a giver of ideas or ideas, stockholders, advisers, management controllers, motivators, and decision makers in various regulations that in the managed business unit. Second, the kiai’s strategy in building the economic independence of the pesantren was to provide an understanding of the economy to the santri, empowering the santri, organizing the pesantren, building business units, as well as collaborating with parties outside the pesantren and the support and trust given by the community around the pesantren, such as being a member of the consumers and investors, as well as employees in business units owned by Islamic boarding schools.

Discussion of Islamization is not only associated with the spread of religious values but also related to the activity of trade and the opening of the new lands. In Java, all three of these themes have occurred simultaneously and then experienced rapid development since the 15th century. During the 15th and 17th centuries, many Islamic kingdoms rose and fell by turns with variuos ideology and their economic and political motives. As a result, Java experienced a complex of territorialization. By a spatial-historical approach, this article shows how territorialization affects the fashion of the emergence and collapse of the cities in Java. The spatial dynamics of urban growth reflected changes in political space production run by each ruling actor. The city played a significant role as a symbol and an identity of the political power of the dominant regime.

The Institutional Modernization of the Central Java Gerindra Party is interesting to study because the Gerindra Party is a new party that has a significant voting trend in Central Java, after PDIP. The objective of this study is to describe institutional modernization in Gerindra Party of Central Java and to analyze the obstacles to modernization within the Central Java Gerindra Party. The research method used was a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The location of this research was the scope of the Central Java Gerindra Party DPD and the Central Java Gerindra Party wing. The research design used a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews and documentation. The informants consisted of the Chairperson of the Central Java Party DPD, Deputy Chair of the Central Java Party DPD, Secretary General of the Central Java Gerindra Party DPD, Chair of the Organization, Membership and Cadreization, Chair of the Women's Division, Chair of the Empowerment of Sayap Organizations, Members of Sayap (Indonesia Raya Gerindra Volunteer Unit) SATRIA Gerindra Voters or supporters of Gerindra Party. Gerindra Party has experienced modernization in the areas of access to open information and financial transparency, application of a democratic ideology, gradual regeneration, and preparation for leadership rotation through the party regeneration process. The institutional modernization of Gerindra Party was still hampered by the lack of respect for female cadres and the personalization of Gerindra figures who were only focused on certain people.