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The purpose of the document is to determine the current problems and the possible directions for the development and improvement of higher legal education in the modern challenges and conditions of the pandemic and post-pandemic of COVID-2019, under the hypothesis that the upcoming emergency is affirmed again. World order General-scientific and special-legal methods of cognition have been used. Through the use of the dialectical method, the current problems of modern legal education have also been identified, their foundations have been investigated and instructions have been sought to improve legal education and the quality of young lawyers in the educational environment of the pandemic. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the findings found in the research can be useful for higher education teachers who are constantly adapting to the new conditions of professional activity in the field of legal education, in the scene of pandemic and the ordering after the pandemic, with particular emphasis on specialists focused on developing suggestions and improving the quality of legal education in the context of the global challenges imposed by COVID-2019.

The article highlights the psychological peculiarities of an individual’s self-actualization discussed in foreign and national psychology, consider the essence of self-actualization and disclosure of basic characteristics of a self-actualized personality. The representatives of the humanistic approach in psychology consider self-actualization as an integral personal quality and the most important mechanism of an individual’s development. In the process of self-actualization, an individual reaches the top of his/her capabilities. A.Maslow considered as the main characteristic of a personality his/her desire for self-actualization, self-expression and creativity. Self-actualization is defined as an individual’s desire to maximize his/her capabilities, to fully unlock his/her inherent natural potential. According to K. Rogers, the main driving force of an individual’s functioning is his/her tendency to self-actualization, that is, his/her need to realize his/her natural potentialities. People are able to define their lives, they are responsible for what they are; that is, freedom of self-determination is inherent in their nature. G. Allport viewed self-actualization as a path to becoming a mature personality. V. Frankl believed that the driving force of human behavior and personality development is searches for the meaning in life; an individual is free to find and realize his/her own meaning in life, because he/she is able to self-transcendence, that is, able to go beyond him/herself, rise above a situation and grasp a meaning in life. R. May emphasized that a creative personality values ​​and preserves his/her inner freedom to fulfill his/her capabilities and live a true life. The main characteristics of a self-actualized personality include: spontaneity, naturalness, independence, creativity, passion for fulfilled work, etc. A self-actualized personality expresses a strong desire for development, creativity, love, happiness and fullness of life. In the work of national psychologists, self-actualization is examined in the context of self-realization and self-development and is defined as the desire for self-determination and improvement of oneself, implementation of personal capabilities, which contributes to the development of a holistic personality. S.L. Rubinshtein defined a personality as an agent of his/her own life; the basic characteristics of an agent is his/her ability to self-development, self-determination and self-improvement. According to B.G. Ananyev, a personality is formed in the process of an individual’s development and activities, which contributes to the manifestation of his/her unique individuality. The scientist regarded a self-realized personality as a mature personality. According to the views of M.Io.Boryshevsky, an individual is an active, conscious agent of all manifestations of his/her own life creativity and is able to create himself and at the same time cause positive changes in the surrounding reality. S.D.Maksimenko views self-realization as a natural and total-general characteristic of a personality. The need for self-realization is a source of an individual’s activities, and, at the same time, determines those activities that satisfy the need in the specific conditions of the individual’s life path. V.O. Molyako states that a creative personality chooses independently his/her actions and decisions, reaches significant levels of his/her mental development and professional skills, is responsible to himself and to the society. According to V.O. Tatenko, the main idea of an individual’s self-development is that the inner (an agent) acts through the external and, thus, changes him/herself and the external world. T.M. Titarenko views a personality as an open, not frozen, but constantly changing integrity, self-determined in the socio-cultural space and individual-psychological time. L.O. Korostyleva notes that, during self-realization, an individual reveals him/herself as unique, shows his/her abilities and reveals his/her inner potential. O.O. Bodalev understands an individual’s self-realization as constant self-development, the ability to plan and carry out actions that are in accordance with human values, to mobilize his/herself to overcome difficulties, to objectively evaluate his/her strengths and weaknesses. Both foreign and national scientists believe that self-actualization is an individual’s desire to continuously expand his/her unlimited creative potential in various spheres of life. Thus, self-actualization means implementation of an individual’s inner potential, which helps him/her to live a meaningful life.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N = 61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross-national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N = 3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. New York University Abu Dhabi

The article examines the personal qualities of secondary school graduates that determine their hardiness at their professional self-determination. The modern approaches defining hardiness essence and factors, and peculiarities of its development are analyzed. The factors contributing to the enhancement of an individual’s hardiness in the situation of professional self-determination are considered. Hardiness is understood as a holistic phenomenon of a personality that mediates stress impact on psychological well-being and health. Self-understanding and self-acceptance of secondary school graduates, their life goals, and life meanings, confidence in themselves and their capabilities are important. It is the psychological basis of personal resilience and life senses.

As a result of theoretical study, the article reveals the essence of fairy-tale therapy as a psychological method of influencing individuals, as an instrument of psychotherapy and correction. The main advantage of the fairy-tale therapy is that is based on fairy tales, and metaphors lay in their core. Currently, all known psychological practices use the fairy-tale method: Gestalt therapy, art therapy, psychodrama, transactional analysis, hypnotherapy, etc. A fairy tale develops an individual’s self-awareness, reveals his/her potential in relations with the outside and inner world, forms his/her ability to become a creator of own inner world as well as the outside world, that is, it defines an individual’s subjectivity, which is the purpose of the fairy-tale therapy. Fairy-tales are one of the forms through which an individual’s socialization takes place at different age periods. The article presents classification of fairy tales: entertaining, artistic, didactic, and psychological. Psychological fairy tales are divided into psychological-corrective, psychotherapeutic, meditative and developmental. The article also analyzes the features of used fairy tales, ways of their using in the practical work of psychologists, the mechanisms of their influence on children, their functions as well as the principles of work with fairy tales: mindfulness, links with the reality. We should emphasize that fairy tales fully satisfy the natural needs of primary school children: the needs for autonomy, competence, and activity. The article examines the following features of the fairy-tale therapy: informational content, sustainability, absence of boundaries, enchantment, emotionality, wisdom, absence of age restrictions. Also, the peculiarities of fairy tale using at a psychologist’s work with clients are described in detail: fairy tales used as metaphors, drawings themed on fairy tales, discussion of characters’ behaviour and motives, performance of episodes from fairy tales (which help perceive some emotionally significant situations), creative works themed on fairy tales. The mechanisms of fairy tale influence on individuals are described: fairy tales describe an individual’s deep experience of emotional crises; fairy tales influence on an unconscious level and actuate adaptation mechanisms that help to overcome stress; fairy tales teach children to successfully overcome fears, which allows them to maintain their psychic integrity.

In the article are considered the role of the Holy See and the Catholic Church in the de-isolation of Cuba in the international community and the promotion of the restoration of relations with the world community. The article analyzes the change in the international situation that has forced the Cuban government to dialogue with the Catholic Church, as well as the strengthening of the position of the Catholic Church on the Cuban island. The resumption of relations between Cuba and the Holy See was mutually beneficial and necessary for both sides. The Cuban government needed a new ally to get out of isolation. For the Vatican it was necessary to legalize the activities of the Catholic Church on the Cuban island. It is noted that three popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis played a part in the withdrawal from international isolation. The visit of Pope John Paul II to Cuba attracted attention to Cuba and became a step that began the process of legalizing the Catholic Church on the island and de-isolating Cuba. Benedict XVI’s visit came at a time when the leadership changed, when Cuba was governed by Raul Castro, who conducted a series of reforms. And of course, Pope Francis played a key role in the process of restoring relations with the United States and the de-isolation of Cuba in the international arena. Cuba has undoubtedly benefited from the active interventions of Vatican diplomacy and the Holy See, which has been distinguished how in Cuba’s international statuses and so in Cuba’s economic, tourism and information areas. However, the Cuban breakthrough was also an achievement for the Holy See’s peacekeeping diplomacy on international arena. For a long time, Vatican diplomacy has once again received vocal recognition on the international stage. The Cuban breakthrough testified that even today in the XXI-st century, the «soft power» of the Vatican diplomacy See and the Pope of the Catholic Church are able to engage the conflicting parties in dialogue, to promote mutual understanding, tolerance, peaceful coexistence, international cooperation and security.

The article presentsresults of the study and practical analysis of the phenomenon of the influence of ethnolinguistic identity on the formation of the language image, as well as the psychological well-being and personal health of Ukrainian-speaking and Russian- speaking Ukrainian migrants in Poland. The article attempts to reveal the value of the welcoming status of linguistic identity as a means to achieve the psychological well-being of a personality in a modern multicultural society. The prospects for studying the impact of ethnolinguistic identity and psychological well-being and the personal health of representatives of Ukrainian language communities and migrant groups with prediction of possible spheres of application of the obtained results are also described.

The study of the psychological components of the cultural stratum of Ukrainian mentality in general and of its regional peculiarities is quite important today, taking into account the peculiarities of social processes in the Ukrainian state and the transformation of the modern Ukrainians' consciousness. Particular attention is drawn to the cultural syndromes due to the great applicational value of a detailed study of their features among the representatives of the country's regional communities. It allows to distinguish the key features for depicting the psychological portraits of personalities of the regional communities' representatives. The results of the study help to systematize knowledge in the quantitative measurements of the cultural syndrome "individualism-collectivism" and to fill the gaps in ethnometric researches in Ukraine. It broadens the understanding of the structure and temporal dynamics of this cultural syndrome, its dependence on such factors as the age, the gender and the religiosity of personality. A practical application of the obtained results may include their use in psychological and pedagogical work, in business and cultural contacts, in interethnic communication, etc. In general, the results of the study are the basis for expanding the study of the psychological characteristics of the political consciousness of Ukrainians, which we intend to carry out in the future. This study will help to create a strategy for changing the worldview and behavioral patterns of Ukrainian society in order to allow effective counteraction to attempts of manipulations with human rights and personal freedom of people on the basis of their weakness (ignorance of modern features of important aspects of social existence and limited worldview). Also, the results can be used to help to create, to disseminate and to develop effectively regional projects of non-governmental organizations, international social, psychological and political projects, local self-government bodies, local and regional communities, regional initiatives, etc.

The article presents the research on psychological factors of personal autonomy as a self-determination need and as a component of psychological well-being. The analysis was carried out in two directions: within in the theory of self-determination and within the theory of psychological well-being. The greatest influence on autonomy development as a self-determination need have such predictors as goals in life, challenge, self-efficacy, self-acceptance, self-assurance, locus of control-life, locus of control-Self. Predictors that positively affect autonomy as a component of psychological well-being are: self-acceptance, acceptance of aggression, self-confidence, creativity, control, self-esteem. The article determines that autonomy as a self-determination need is based not only on self-acceptance with all advantages and disadvantages, but also on existence of a goal in life and personal internal powers to achieve this goal. Autonomy, as it is understood in the theory of psychological well-being, is a necessary, but insufficient condition for self-determination. For formation and development of self-determination it is necessary to have a life purpose that gives meaningfulness to human life.

Highlights • Risk perception of COVID-19 was associated with more negative/less positive emotions. • Risk perception of COVID-19 was inversely associated with subsequent mental health. • The association between risk perception and mental health was mediated by emotions. • Specification curve analysis was used to avoid subjective analytical decisions., Background Although there are increasing concerns on mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, no large-scale population-based studies have examined the associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with emotion and subsequent mental health. Methods : This study analysed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the PsyCorona Survey that included 54,845 participants from 112 countries, of which 23,278 participants are representative samples of 24 countries in terms of gender and age. Specification curve analysis (SCA) was used to examine associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with emotion and self-rated mental health. This robust method considers all reasonable model specifications to avoid subjective analytical decisions while accounting for multiple testing. Results : All 162 multilevel linear regressions in the SCA indicated that higher risk perception of COVID-19 was significantly associated with less positive or more negative emotions (median standardised β=-0.171, median SE=0.004, P0.05). Limitations Reliance on self-reported data. Conclusions : Risk perception of COVID-19 was associated with emotion and ultimately mental health. Interventions on reducing excessive risk perception and managing emotional distress could promote mental health.