35 results on '"Ilaria L."'
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2. Deacons and Diakonia in Early Christianity: The First Two Centuries, edited by Bart J. Koet, Edwina Murphy, and Esko Ryökäs
- Author
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Archeology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,Early Christianity ,Art ,Theology ,Language and Linguistics ,media_common - Published
- 2021
3. Bardaisan of Edessa on Free Will, Fate, and Nature: Alexander of Aphrodisias, Origen, and Diodore of Tarsus
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Scholarship ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Eschatology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Tarsus (skeleton) ,Reading (process) ,Free will ,medicine ,Parallels ,Classics ,media_common - Abstract
Against the backdrop of the relations between Alexander of Aphrodisias and Bardaisan and Origen, and of Diodore of Tarsus’ reading of Bardaisan, this article reflects on Bardaisan’s ideas towards free will, fate, and nature in the so-called Book of the Laws of Countries, based on Bardaisan’s Against Fate. With reference to the article by Izabela Jurasz on the comparison between Alexander and Bardaisan, I present the main topics that scholarship debates regarding Bardaisan and argue that Eusebius had already found important parallels between Alexander, Barsaisan, and Origen. Attention is paid to the strong affinities on crucial questions (including free will and eschatology) between Bardaisan and Origen, as established by recent research. These two comparisons—between Alexander and Bardaisan and between Origen and Bardaisan—reinforce one another. Bardaisan’s knowledge of parts of Philo’s oeuvre is also brought to the fore as an issue recently explored and in need of further investigation. Lastly, the article focuses on Diodore of Tarsus’ Against Fate, its indebtedness to Bardaisan’s Against Fate and generally his anti-astrological, anti-fatalistic arguments (indebtedness represented by arguments and rather unequivocal details), and its reproach to Bardaisan for maintaining the category of “fate,” albeit Christianized.
- Published
- 2021
4. G. G. STROUMSA, THE SCRIPTURAL UNIVERSE OF ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 184. <scp>isbn</scp>9780674545137. £29.95
- Author
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Archeology ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Classics ,Theology ,Christianity ,Universe ,media_common - Published
- 2018
5. Jennifer Otto, Philo of Alexandria and the Construction of Jewishness in Early Christian Writings. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. xii and 231 pages. ISBN 9780198820727. Hardcover. Listed price: $84.50
- Author
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Early Christianity ,Art ,Classics ,media_common - Published
- 2019
6. Conway-Jones, Ann. Gregory of Nyssa’s Tabernacle Imagery in Its Jewish and Christian Contexts. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. viii+301 pp. $95.00 (cloth)
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Judaism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,Early Christianity ,Art ,Theology ,media_common - Published
- 2017
7. Gregory of Nyssa on the Soul (and the Restoration)
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Theology ,Soul ,media_common - Abstract
In this chapter, Gregory’s treatment of the soul is examined against the backdrop of philosophical treatises On the Soul and in conversation with Origen’s psychology and On the Resurrection (while Origen never wrote On the Soul, for reasons that are here clarified). Tertullian composed both On the Soul and On the Resurrection; Gregory combined the two discussions in a remake of Plato’s Phaedo on the immortality of the soul—here analysed in many of its philosophical components and their treatment until Plotinus and Proclus, and in light of Gregory’s definition of soul and relation between resurrection and restoration. The chapter examines the role of the soul in Gregory’s ‘theology of freedom’—rooted in Plato’s philosophy—and the influence Gregory exerted on Evagrius’ theories of the threefold resurrection and of the subsumption of body into soul and soul into ‘unified nous’: Eriugena was right to trace the latter theory back to Gregory.
- Published
- 2018
8. Torrance, Alexis. Repentance in Late Antiquity: Eastern Asceticism and the Framing of the Christian Life, c. 400–650 CE. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. viii+244 pp. £60.00 (cloth)
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Late Antiquity ,Framing (social sciences) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Repentance ,Religious studies ,Art ,Theology ,Asceticism ,media_common - Published
- 2016
9. Book review: Plato Revived. Essays on Ancient Platonism in Honour of Dominic J. O’Meara, written by Filip Karfík and Euree Song
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Literature ,Philosophy ,Honour ,business.industry ,Ancient philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,business ,Platonism ,media_common - Published
- 2014
10. The Possible Origin of the Abgar-Addai Legend
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Ancient history ,Legend ,media_common - Published
- 2014
11. Harmony between Arkhē and Telos in Patristic Platonism and the Imagery of Astronomical Harmony Applied to Apokatastasis
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Dialectic ,Stoicism ,Philosophy ,Harmony (color) ,Metaphor ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ancient philosophy ,Telos ,Platonism ,Parallels ,Epistemology ,media_common - Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the idea of harmony as a protological and eschatological principle in three outstanding Patristic philosophers, well steeped in the Platonic tradition: Origen, Gregory Nyssen, and Evagrius. All of them attached an extraordinary importance to harmony, homonoia, and unity in the arkhē and, even more, in the telos. This ideal is opposed to the disagreement/dispersion of rational creatures’ acts of volition after their fall and before the eventual apokatastasis. These Christian Platonists are among the strongest supporters of the final universal restoration. Their reflection on the unity-multiplicity dialectic, which parallels that between harmony and disorder/discord/dissonance, is informed by the Platonic tradition. In Gregory, the idea of harmony assumes musical connotations, especially in relation to the telos. In this connection, I examine the relationship between their notion of harmony in the arkhē and telos and Plotinus’ concept of harmony. Plotinus was well known to Gregory, the author of a Christianized version of Plato’s Phaedo in which apokatastasis is prominent. Origen, whose readings included many Middle-Platonic and Neo-Pythagorean texts, in Alexandria attended the classes of the “proto-Neoplatonist” Ammonius, who was also Plotinus’ teacher. A wide-ranging methodical investigation of the relation between Origen’s and Plotinus’ philosophical thoughts is still a notable desideratum. Finally, I concentrate on the concept of harmony in astronomy as a metaphor for intellectual harmony and apokatastasis in Patristic Platonism, especially in Evagrius’ Kephalaia Gnōstika. The noun apokatastasis was used in an astronomical sense, and employed in Stoicism for the conclusion of a cosmic cycle. Evagrius, who loved astronomical metaphors, focussed a kephalaion on a wordplay—which escaped Guillaumont and all other scholars—concerning the astronomical meaning of apokatastasis, thus embedding his theory of the eventual restoration in an allegorical framework that rests on a notion of astronomical harmony. A strong case is made in this connection that Evagrius was elaborating on Plato’s pivotal link between cosmological (astronomical) and intellectual harmony, and was aware that the Stoic theory of cosmological apokatastasis drew on Plato.
- Published
- 2013
12. Origen in Augustine: A Paradoxical Reception
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Literature ,History ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Religious studies ,Patristics ,Doctrine ,Ignorance ,Orthodoxy ,Pelagianism ,History of religions ,Heresy ,Theology ,Exegesis ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Abstract I argue that, paradoxically, Augustine embraced much of Origen’s system, especially in his anti-Manichaean polemic, exactly when he was convinced that he did not know his thought. The most remarkable point in his initial adherence to Origen’s ideas regards the apokatastasis doctrine, which he later condemned as heretical and felt the need to recant in his Retractationes (Second Thoughts). I point out many other elements of contact concerning philosophical arguments and Biblical exegesis, which the early Augustine drew from Origen and have escaped scholars who have investigated the Origen-Augustine relationship. With this I shall hopefully add an important piece to the study of Origen’s influence on Western Patristics. I thus explain how Augustine used Origen’s thought in defense of Christian orthodoxy against the Manichaean “heresy,” whereas, after he was informed about Origen’s thought by Horosius and Jerome, he began to find it heretical and condemned it, especially in De civitate Dei (The City of God) and De haeresibus (On Heresies), where he shows that he was misinformed about it. A remarkable role in this transformation was played by Augustine’s anti-Pelagian polemic: several of his expressions of blame directed against Origen’s ideas are found in his anti-Pelagian works. Another notable factor was Augustine’s ignorance of the important semantic distinction between αἰώνιος and ἀΐδιος, which got lost in the translation of both with aeternus. Moreover, I endeavor to clarify the ways and sources through which Augustine came to know Origen’s true thought when he did adhere to it, probably without being aware that it was Origen’s.
- Published
- 2013
13. Patristic Thinkers’ Positions toward Slavery, Social Justice, and Asceticism
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Asceticism ,Social justice ,media_common - Published
- 2016
14. Gregory Nyssen’s Family and Origen
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Art history ,Performance art ,Art ,media_common - Published
- 2016
15. Nazianzen and Other Late Antique Ascetics
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Antique ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Ancient history ,media_common - Published
- 2016
16. Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski: Clement of Alexandria on Trial. The Evidence of ‘Heresy’ from Photius’ Bibliotheca
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Heresy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Law ,Art ,Classics ,media_common - Abstract
Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski: Clement of Alexandria on Trial. The Evidence of ‘Heresy’ from Photius’ Bibliotheca. Leiden/Boston: Brill 2010. IX, 185. S. (Vigiliae Christianae. Suppl. 101.).
- Published
- 2012
17. EVAGRIUS PONTICUS, THE ORIGENIAN ASCETIC (AND NOT THE ORIGENISTIC ‘HERETIC’)
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Heresy ,Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Theology ,Asceticism ,media_common - Published
- 2015
18. T. J. MORGAN , ROMAN FAITH AND CHRISTIAN FAITH: PISTIS AND FIDES IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND EARLY CHURCHES. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 626. <scp>isbn</scp> 9780198724148. £95.00
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Faith ,Archeology ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Christian faith ,Classics ,Theology ,Fides ,Roman Empire ,media_common - Published
- 2017
19. Ancient Allegory and its Reception through the Ages1
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Cultural Studies ,Cultural heritage ,Cultural anthropology ,Allegory ,General Arts and Humanities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Classics ,The arts ,Visual arts ,media_common - Published
- 2011
20. Origen’s Anti-Subordinationism and its Heritage in the Nicene and Cappadocian Line
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Cultural Studies ,Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Archeology ,Biblical studies ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Arianism ,Philosophy ,Religious studies ,Orthodoxy ,Language and Linguistics ,Subordinationism ,Trinitarian theology ,Exegesis ,Relation (history of concept) ,business ,Classics ,media_common - Abstract
Nyssen’s arguments in In Illud: Tunc et Ipse Filius entirely derive from Origen (probably also passing through Marcellus of Ancyra and Eusebius). Origen’s influence, theoretical and exegetical, is evident in every passage, from the argumentative pillars down to the tiniest details of exegesis. Gregory’s close dependence on Origen in his anti-subordinationism, within his polemic against ‘Arianism,’ confirms that Origen was not the forerunner of ‘Arianism,’ as he was depicted in the Origenistic controversy and is often still regarded to be, but the main inspirer of the Cappadocians, especially Nyssen, in what became Trinitarian orthodoxy. Origen inspired Marcellus, who was anti-Arian, Eusebius, who in fact was no ‘Arian,’ Athanasius, the champion of anti-Arianism, and the Cappadocians. I argue extensively that Origen’s Trinitarian heritage is found, not in Arianism, but in Nyssen, Athanasius, Eusebius, and the Nicene-Constantinopolitan line, on the basis of a painstaking analysis of his works (always with attention to their reliability in relation to Greek original, translations, and fragments) and of Pamphilus, Eusebius, Athanasius, and other revealing testimonies, pagan and Christian. The origin of the µοοσιος formula is also investigated in this connection. Further interesting insights will emerge concerning Eusebius and his first report of what exactly happened at Nicaea.
- Published
- 2011
21. Origen, Bardaiṣan, and the Origin of Universal Salvation
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Creatures ,Philosophy of history ,Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Theodicy ,Religious studies ,Free will ,Doctrine ,Environmental ethics ,Destiny ,Form of the Good ,Ex nihilo ,media_common - Abstract
Is Origen of Alexandria the inventor of the eschatological doctrine of apokatastasis— of the eventual return of all creatures to the Good, that is, God, and thus universal salvation? Certainly, he is one of its chief supporters in all of history, and he is, as far as we know, the first to have maintained it in a complete and coherent way, so that all of his philosophy of history, protology, and anthropology is oriented toward this telos.1 There are, however, significant antecedents to his mature and articulate theorization, at least some of which he surely knew very well, and there is even a possible parallel. For this conception did not appear ex nihilo, but in a cultural context rich in suggestions and premises, and in a philosophical framework of lively discussions concerning fate, free will, theodicy, and the eternal destiny of rational creatures.
- Published
- 2009
22. Christian Soteriology and Christian Platonism: Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Biblical and Philosophical Basis of the Doctrine of Apokatastasis
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Archeology ,Biblical studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Religious studies ,Patristics ,Language and Linguistics ,Apocatastasis ,Christian theology ,Soteriology ,Theology ,Exegesis ,Soul ,Platonism ,media_common - Abstract
Paul's statement that God will be all in all and other NT and OT passages are taken by Origen and by Gregory of Nyssa as the scriptural basis of their eschatological doctrine of apokatastasis and eventual universal salvation. At the same time, their doctrine rests (1) on philosophical arguments mainly deriving from Platonism (Gregory's De anima et resurrectione is deeply influenced by Platonism both in form and in content, and so is Origen, although both are Christians first and Platonists second), and (2) on the allegorical exegesis of Scripture, another heritage of Hellenistic culture: Origen was very well acquainted with the Stoic and Platonic allegorical interpretations of Greek myths.
- Published
- 2007
23. Late Antiquity and the Transmission of Educational Ideals and Methods
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Literature ,Late Antiquity ,Liberal arts education ,Transmission (mechanics) ,business.industry ,law ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,business ,Classics ,media_common ,law.invention - Published
- 2015
24. The Novel and Christian Narrative
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David Konstan and Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Literature ,Faith ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fidelity ,Narrative ,Art ,business ,media_common ,Visual arts - Published
- 2014
25. The Stoic Doctrine of Oikeiosis and its Transformation in Christian Platonism
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Stoicism ,Philosophy ,History and Philosophy of Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Doctrine ,Theology ,Platonism ,Transformation (music) ,Oikeiôsis ,media_common - Published
- 2014
26. Catherine M Chin, . Grammar and Christianity in the Late Roman World. Divinations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 272 pp. $59.95 (cloth)
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Grammar ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,medicine ,Art ,Theology ,Christianity ,Chin ,media_common - Published
- 2010
27. The Pseudepigraphical Correspondence between Seneca and Paul: A Reassessment
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Literature ,History ,Biblical studies ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,business ,Legend ,Christianity ,Neuroscience of multilingualism ,media_common - Abstract
This chapter sets out to show how new, remarkable discoveries, especially in the linguistic and intertextual fields, which stem from intensive research the author has been conducting for over two decades into this Pauline pseudepigraphon, lead to a profound reassessment of this document and its composite nature. It begins from the linguistic point of view. The most interesting discoveries concern the nature and distribution of Graecisms in this pseudepigraphon and its bilingualism. The pseudepigraphical correspondence between the Stoic philosopher Seneca and St. Paul has been handed down in Latin, in many manuscripts of Seneca. Letter XIV is the only letter in the pseudepigraphon that suggests that Seneca "converted" to Christianity. The legend of Seneca's conversion was probably inspired by this very letter, which depicts him as auctor Christi Iesu at court. Keywords: bilingualism; Christianity; Graecism; Pauline pseudepigraphon; Seneca; St. Paul
- Published
- 2013
28. Forgiveness in Patristic Philosophy
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David Konstan, Charles L. Griswold, and Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Forgiveness ,Psychotherapist ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2011
29. E.J. Epp, Junia: The First Woman Apostle, Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007 repr., 138 pp., ISBN 978-0800637712
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Literature and Literary Theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Apostle ,Art ,Fortress (chess) ,Classics ,Theology ,media_common - Published
- 2007
30. Spiritual Weakness, Illness, and Death in 1 Corinthians 11:30
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
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Supper ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,State (polity) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Eucharist ,Religious studies ,Context (language use) ,Theology ,Spiritual weakness ,media_common - Abstract
In 1 Cor 11:30 Paul speaks of the consequences of abuses in the Corinthian community related to the celebration of the Lord s Supper; he has just warned the Corinthians against eating and drinking the Eucharist in an unworthy way (dv a^i'cog), in a state of sin. The sin referred to in the immediate context is division within the community, disorders in the celebration of the supper, lack of charity toward the poor on the part of the rich, gluttony, and drunkenness. Partaking of the supper when the church is divided is a sin against Christ's body.1 Now, in v. 30 Paul observes: 5ia touto ev u(xTv TroXXoi avQeveiq yca' appcooroi xcu jcoifzv "For this cause many among you are weak and sickly, and not a few sleep" (ASV); "On this account many among you are weak and infirm, and a good many are fallen asleep" (Darby); "That's why so many of you are weak and sick and a considerable number are dying" (International Standard Version).2 1 think that the last
- Published
- 2011
31. Luke 16:16: The Good News of God's Kingdom Is Proclaimed and Everyone Is Forced into It
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Banquet ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,Gospel ,Meaning (non-linguistic) ,Kingdom ,Servant ,Form of the Good ,Theology ,Exegesis ,Humanities ,Proclamation ,media_common - Abstract
(ProQuest: ... denotes non-USASCII text omitted.) In Luke 16:16 Jesus declares: ? ??µ?? ?a? ?? p??f?ta? µ???? ???????* ?p? t?te ? sas??e?a t?? Te?? e?a??e???eta? ?a? pa? e?? a?t?? s???eta?. The last words, ?a? pa? e?? a?t?? s???eta?, are lacking in some manuscripts;1 this may be a sign of a certain difficulty with these words and their meaning. In fact, modern translations, as I shall argue, generally are unsatisfying precisely in regard to these words. The NRSV renders: "The law and the prophets were in effect until John came; since then, the good news of the kingdom of God is proclaimed, and everyone tries to enter it by force," and the RSV has: "The law and the prophets were until John; since then, the good news of the kingdom of God is preached, and everyone enters it violently." The God's Word translation runs as follows: "Moses' teachings and the prophets were in force until the time of John. Since that time, people have been telling the good news about the kingdom of God, and everyone is trying to force their way into it." The KJV and the Webster translation have: "The law and the prophets [were] until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached and every man presseth into it." The ASV runs as follows: "The law and the prophets [were] until John: from mat time the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached and every man entereth violently into it."2 Luther renders: "Das Gesetz und die Propheten weissagen bis auf Johannes, und von der Zeit wird das Reich Gottes durchs Evangelium gepredigt, und jedermann dringt mit Gewalt hinein."3 The Italian CEI translation runs: "La Legge e i Profeti fino a Giovanni; da allora in poi viene annunciato il Regno di Dio e ognuno si sforza per entrarvi," and similarly other modem versions,4 such as the Spanish Reina-Valera version: "La ley y los profetas eran hasta Juan; desde entonces el reino de Dios es anunciado, y todos se esfuerzan por entrar en el," and the French Bible de Jerusalem translation: "Jusqu'a Jean ce furent la loi et les prophetes; depuis lors le royaume de Dieu est annonce, et tous s'efforcent d'y entrer par violence." While the modern versions and almost all commentators understand the last words of this verse as "everyone endeavors to enter it" or "forces his way into it," I do not think that this interpretation is correct, mainly because the Gospel of Luke itself records many cases in which the proclamation of the kingdom encounters opposition or indifference, certainly not enthusiastic adherence, for example, Luke 4:16-30 (Jesus preaches in the Nazareth synagogue, but his public is indignant and they even want to kill him); 9:53 (Jesus is granted no hospitality in a Samaritan village); 15:2 (the Pharisees and the scribes criticize Jesus); 16:1-15 (the Pharisees disagree with Jesus' teaching concerning riches); 19:7 (Jesus is criticized because he dwells in a sinner's house),5 to which of course we must add that Jesus is finally put to death. Furthermore, the refusal of Jesus' preaching in Luke 16:1-15 comes immediately before the kingdom logion in Luke 16:16. Thus, against almost all of the commentators, who generally take s???eta? in 16:16 either as "endeavors, tries hard"6 or as "uses force on, against,"7 I think that s???eta? here must be interpreted as a passive: "The kingdom of God is being preached and everyone is forced into it."8 In my view it is probably a theological passive, all the more in that God is mentioned immediately before, as the Lord of the kingdom itself. Everyone is pushed by God into his kingdom - of course, through its proclamation. A strong piece of evidence in support of my exegesis is, to my mind, the exact conceptual parallel that is found in Luke 14:23. Here the kingdom of God is presented as a banquet to which a man - who symbolizes God9 - invites all, including the poor, the blind, and all sorts of handicapped persons (14:21: t??? pt????? ?a? ??ape????? ?a? t?f???? ?a? ?????? e?s??a?e ?de), and when his servant tells him that there is still room, he orders him to go out again and summon all and force everyone to enter: ? …
- Published
- 2008
32. A New Reading of one of the Earliest Christian Letters Outside the New Testament and the Dangers of Early Christian Communities in Egypt
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
biology ,Papyrus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gospel ,Art ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Christianity ,Code (semiotics) ,Sign (linguistics) ,Reading (process) ,Rhetoric ,engineering ,Oxyrhynchus ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
The letter of Ammonius to Apollonius, preserved in an Oxyrhynchus papyrus and datable to the end of the I or the beginning of the ii century AD, contains a superlinear stroke over the X of the initial xaipein, which is the sign of a nomen sacrum that, together with many other clues in this epistolê kekhiasmenê, points to the Christianity of the writer and the addressee. In this new framework, many details of the letter become intelligible and the whole document, with an emphasis on the necessity of a circumspect behaviour and the use of a cryptic communication code, attests to the critical situation of the Christian communities in those days, when Christianity was a superstitio illicita and Christians had to try not to be denounced. I propose an analysis of the letter in this light: many aspects in its language, lexical choices, and rhetoric are telling. The new Christian reading of this letter allows us to recover one of the earliest Christian letters known and provides precious documentation of the birth of Christianity in Egypt, perhaps in Alexandria itself, from which the “Secret Gospel of Mark” also stems.
- Published
- 1970
33. Terms for Eternity: αἰώνιος and ἀΐδιος in Classical and Christian Texts
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli and David Konstan
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Literature ,Poetry ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Philosophy ,Doctrine ,Ancient Greek ,language.human_language ,Eternity ,New Testament ,Absolute (philosophy) ,Duration (philosophy) ,language ,Afterlife ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This paper surveys the uses of two ancient Greek terms — αἰώνιος and ἀΐδιος — commonly translated as “eternal”, from their earliest occurrences in poetry and pre-Socratic philosophy down through the Septuagint and the New Testament, and culminating in the Christian theologian Origen. It examines the rise of the idea of infinitely extended time (generally denoted by ἀΐδιος), and Plato’s innovative introduction of a concept of a timeless eternity (sometimes described as αἰώνιος). It is argued that in the Greek Bible, αἰώνιος, as opposed to ἀΐδιος, does not necessarily denote absolute eternity. Since only αἰώνιος, and never ἀΐδιος, is applied to punishment in the afterlife, Origen could find support in this usage for his doctrine of universal salvation and the finite duration of hell.
- Published
- 1970
34. The Sentences of Sextus and the Christian Transformation of Pythagorean Asceticism
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Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
- Subjects
Literature ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pythagorean theorem ,Sextus ,Asceticism ,business ,Transformation (music) ,media_common
35. Drug Prescription and Delirium in Older Inpatients: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Italian Delirium Day 2015-2016
- Author
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Aloisi, Gaetano, Marengoni, Alessandra, Morandi, Alessandro, Zucchelli, Alberto, Cherubini, Antonio, Mossello, Enrico, Mario, Bo, Di Santo Simona, Mazzone, Andrea, Trabucchi, Marco, Cappa, Stefano, Fimognari, Filippo, Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele, Gareri, Pietro, Perticone, Francesco, Campanini, Mauro, Montorsi, Marco, Latronico, Nicola, Zambon, Antonella, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Rispoli, Vincenzo, Malara, Alba, Spadea, Fausto, Di Cello Serena, Ceravolo, Francesco, Fabiano, Francesco, Chiaradia, Giuseppe, Gabriele, Amedeo, Lenino, Peluso, Andrea, Taristano, Settembrini, Vincenzo, Capomolla, Domenico, Citrino, Antonella, Scriva, Antonietta, Bruno, Irene, Secchi, Roberto, De Martino Eugenio, Muccinelli, Roberto, Lupi, Gerardo, Paonessa, Patrizio, Fabbri, Andrea, Passuti Maria Teresa, Castellari, Sofia, Andrea, Po, Gaggioli, Guido, Varesi, Massimo, Moneti, Paolo, Capurso, Sebastiano, Latini, Vincenzo, Ghidotti, Stefano, Riccardelli, Francesco, Macchi, Maurizio, Rigo, Rosaria, Claudio, Pascale, Bosio, Angelo, Cerrato, Flavio, Bardelli, Benedetta, Boffelli, Stefano, Cassinadri, Angela, Franzoni, Simone, Spazzini, Elena, Andretto, Daniela, Tonini, Gabriele, Andreani, Laura, Coralli, Mirco, Balotta, Antonio, Cancelliere, Roberto, Ballardini, Giorgio, Simoncelli, Margherita, Mancini, Annarita, Strazzacapa, Mara, Fabio, Stefano, De Filippi Francesco, Giudice, Chiara, Dentizzi, Cosimo, Azzini, Margherita, Cazzadori, Marco, Mastroeni, Valeria, Bertassello, Paolo, Santana, Helena, Benati, Claudia, Nesta, Elisa, Tobaldini, Chiara, Guerini, Fabio, Tambara, Elena, Mombelloni, Paolo, Fontanini, Fulvio, Lassa, Gabriella, Lassa, Pizzorni, Crosio, Oliverio, Martina, Del, Grosso, Luciano, Luca, Giavedoni, Cristina, Bidoli, Giuliano, Mazzei, Bruno, Corsonello, Andrea, Fusco, Sergio, Vena, Silvio, De Vuono Tommaso, Maiuri, Giorgio, Fimognari Filippo Luca, Arone, Andrea, Sgro, Giovanni, Nicolazzo, Rossella, Castegnaro, Eugenio, De Rosa Salvatore, Sechi Bazzano Rossella, Benvenuti, Enrico, Del Lungo Ilaria, Giardini, Sante, Giulietti, Chiara, Di Bari Mauro, Barghini, Eleonora, Paoli, Martina, Fiordelli, Irene, Barucci, Riccardo, Sgrilli, Federica, Bertoletti, Erik, D'Amico, Ferdinando, Caronzolo, Francesco, Grippa, Alessandro, Lombardo, Giuseppina, Pipicella, Tiziana, Saitta, Antonino, Corica, Francesco, Cucinotta, Valeria, Giaritta, Prestipino, Larosa, Daniela, Cucinotta, Domenico, Basile, Giorgio, March, Albert, Nitti Maria Teresa, Felici, Alessandro, Pavan, Silvia, Piazzani, Fabrizio, Lunelli, Alessandra, Dimori, Sergio, Margotta, Alessandro, Soglia, Tiziano, Postacchini, Demetrio, Brunelli, Roberto, Santini, Silvia, Francavilla, Monia, Macchiati, Ilenia, Sorvillo, Francesca, Giuli, Cinzia, Mecocci, Patrizia, Longo, Annalisa, Addesi, Desiree, Rosa Paola Cerra, Bencardino, Giuseppe, Falbo, Tania, Grillo, Nadia, Filice, Marco, Mirella, Filippo, Fanto, Fausto, Isaia, Gianluca, Pezzilli, Stella, Bergamo, Daniele, Furno, Elisabetta, Rrodhe, Sokol, Lucarini, Simonetta, Dijk, Babette, Dall'Acqua, Francesca, Cappelletto, Francesco, Calvani, Donatella, Becheri, Dimitri, Mottino, Giuseppe, Mitidieri, Costanza, Antonio, Vito, Bartalucci, Francesca, Magherini, Lorenza, Malin, Novella, Boni, Franca, Gambardella Paoli Martina Lucia, Valente, Carlo, Bracali, Ilaria, Bracali, Foschini, Alice, Porrino, Paola, Ceci, Giacomo, Bottignole, Giuliana, Tibaldi, Michela, Coppo, Eleonora, Ettore, Evaristo, Camellini, Cinzia, Servello, Adriana, Grassi, Alessandro, Rozzini, Renzo, Tironi, Sara, Grassi Maria Grazia, Troisi, Elio, Caltagirone, Carlo, Franchini, Flaminia, Ratto, Federica, Pavoni, Beatrice, Toniolo, Sofia, Gabutto, Anna, Quazzo, Loredana, Rosatello, Annalisa, Suraci, Domenico, Tagliabue, Benedetta, Perrone, Chiara, Ferrara, Lucia, Castagna, Alberto, Tremolada Maria Luisa, Castoldi, Giuseppe, Barbero, Stefano, Oltramonti, Davide, Piano, Simonetta, Serviddio, Gaetano, Lo Buglio Aurelio, Gurrera, Tiziana, Merlo, Valeria, Rovai, Carla, Cotroneo Antonino Maria, Carlucci, Rosaria, Abbaldo, Anna, Monzani, Fabio, Qasem Ahmad Amedeo, Bini, Giacomo, Tafuto, Silvia, Galli, Giovanni, Bruni Amalia Cecilia, Mancuso, Giovanna, Mancuso, Gerardo, De Luca Giuseppe Massimiliano, Calipari Daniela., Bernardini, Bruno, Corsini, Carla, Ciccarelli, Michele, Dal Farra Sara, Dal, Farra, Cagnin, Annachiara, Fragiacomo, Federica, Pompanin, Sara, Amodio, Piero, Cagnin, Marco, Zurlo, Amedeo, Guerra, Gianluca, Pala, Marco, Menozzi, Luca, Delli Gatti Chiara, Magon, Stefania, Manfredini, Roberto, De Giorgi Alfredo, Fabbian, Fabio, Tiseo, Ruana, Misurati, Elisa, Boari, Benedetta, Molino, Christian, Gallerani, Massimo, Di Francesco Vincenzo, Faccioli, Silvia, Pellizzari, Luca, Fontana, Giorgia, Barbagallo, Giuseppe, Lunardelli Maria Lia, Martini, Emilio, Ferrari, Eleonora, Macchiarulo, Maria, Corneli, Maria, Bacci, Monica, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Anastasio, Luigi, Lo Storto Mario Sostene, Seresin, Chiara, Simonato, Matteo, Loreggian, Michele, Cestonaro, Fausta, Durando, Mario, Latella, Raffaele, Mazzoleni, Marta, Russo, Giuseppe, Ponte, Martino, Valchera, Alessandro, Salustri, Giuseppe, Petritola, Donatella, Costa, Alfredo, Sinforiani, Elena, Cotta Matteo Ramusino, Pizio Renato Nicola, Cester, Alberto, Formilan, Marino, Bonometto, Pietro, Carbone, Pasqualina, Cazzaniga, Ilaria, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Cereda, Diletta, Stabile, Andrea, Xhani, Rubjona, Acampora, Roberto, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Pieruzzi, Federico, Ciaccio, Antonio, Pontecorvi, Valerio, Burti, Cesare, Mokini, Zhirajr, Vitale, Giovanni, Amigoni, Maria, Sparacino, Mariaelena, Bottacchi, Edo, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Di Giovanni Marco, Franchi, Fabrizio, Lucchetti, Lucio, Mariani, Claudio, Grande, Giulia, Rapazzini, Piero, Mauri, Marco, Romanelli, Giuseppe, Nicosia, Franco, Margola, Alessio, Bonardelli, Stefano, Porcella, Laura, Portolani, Nazario, Concoreggi, Carlo, Grassini, Chiara, Salvi, Andrea, Bianchetti, Luca, Spagnoli, Francesca, Apuzzo, Roberto, Fontanella, Ceraso, Anna, Castelli, Francesco, Fugazza, Luciano, Guerrini, Chiara, De Paduanis Giovanna, Iallonardo, Lucia, Palumbo, Pasquale, Zuliani, Giovanni, Ortolani, Beatrice, Capatti, Eleonora, Soavi, Cecilia, Bianchi, Lara, Francesconi, Daniela, Miselli, Agata, Brombo, Gloria, Romagnoli, Tommaso, Pazzaglini, Chiara, Miselli Maria Agata, Dall'Agata, Marco, Suardi, Teresa, Zaccarini, Cinzia, Riva, Manuela, Mirra, Gianluca, Muti, Ettore, Bottura, Renato, Moretti, Gianpaolo, Secreto, Piero, Bisio, Erika, Cecchettani, Marco, Naldi, Tamara, Pallavicino, Alessandra, Pugliese, Michela, Iozzo Rosaria Cosima, Grassi, Guido, Bombelli, Michele, Delloro, Raffaella, Quarti Trevano Fosca, Giussani Carlo Giorgio, Paterno, Giovanni, Contro, Ernesto, Mannironi, Antonio, Giorli, Elisa, Oberti, Sara, Fierro, Brigida, Piccoli, Tommaso, Giacalone, Fabio, Mandas, Antonella, Serchisu, Luca, Costaggiu, Diego, Pinna, Elisa, Orru, Francesca, Mannai, Martina, Cordioli, Zeno, Pelizzari, Luca, Turcato, Emanuela, Arduini, Pietro, Cacace, Carlo, Chiloiro, Roberta, Cimino, Rosella, Ruberto, Carmen, Ruotolo, Giovanni, Greco, Laura, Dal Santo Pierluigi, Andriolli, Antonino, Burattin, Giuseppe, Rossi, Laura, Andreolli, Antonino, Cervati, Giovanna, Catalano, Giuseppe, Tezza, Fabiana, Pizzardini, Maddalena, Stievano, Laura, Crippa, Patrizia, Aloisio, Paola, Di Monda Tiziana, Malighetti, Alessandro, Galbassini, Gloria, Ivaldi, Claudio, Russo Anna Maria, Bennati, Ettore, Pino, Elisabetta, Zavarise, Gianmaria, Pesci, Alberto, Suigo, Giulia, Faverio, Paola, Gori, Andrea, Perego Sabrina Perego, Zanasi, Massimo, Moniello, Giovanni, Rostagno, Carlo, Cartei, Alessandro, Polidori, Gianluca, Ungar, Andrea, Melis Maria Ramona, Martellini, Eleonora, Torrini, Monica, Giordano, Antonella, Leone, Giovanna, Migliorini, Marta, Caramelli, Francesca, Battiston, Bruno, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Masse, Alessandro, Santoro, Anna, Lombardi, Bruna, D'Ippolito, Pierpaolo, Furini, Angela, Villani, Daniele, Raimondi, Clara, Guarneri, Massimo, Paolucci, Stefano, Bassi, Andrea, Coiro, Paola, De Angelis Domenico, Morone, Giovanni, Venturiero, Vincenzo, Palleschi, Lorenzo, Raganato, Paolo, Di Niro Giuseppina, Casini Anna Rosa, Bove, Loredana, Imoscopi, Alessandra, Isaia, Giancarlo, Tibaldi, Vittoria, Calvi, Elisa, Clementi, Carlotta, Zanocchi, Mauro, Agosta, Luca, Criasia, Antonio, Spertino, Elena, Nortarelli, Antonella, Provenzano, Giuseppe, Principato, Pietro, Rizzo, Anita, Cellura, Eleonora, Mari, Daniela, Romano Federica Ylenia, Rosini, Francesca, Mansi, Marta, Rossi, Silvia, Riccardelli, Alex, Inzaghi, Lorenzo, Bonini, Giulia, Rossi, Paolo, Potena, Alfredo, Lichii, Mihaela, Candiani, Tiziana, Grimaldi, William, Bertani, Emiliano, Porta, Alessandra, Calogero, Pietro, Pinto, Daniela, Bernardi, Roberto, Nicolino, Francesco, Galetti, Caterina, Gianstefani, Alice, Corvalli, Giulia, Mulazzani, Lorenzo, Odetti, Patrizio, Monacelli, Fiammetta, Prefumo, Matteo, Canepa, Marta, Minaglia, Cecilia, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Rizzo Maria Rosaria, Prestano, Raffaele, Dalise Anna Maria, Barra, Davide, Dal Bosco Livio, Asprinio, Vincenzo, Dallape, Luciana, Maina, Paola, Perina, Elisa, Bartoli Rossi Isaura, Pluderi, Alice, Maina, Antonella, Pecoraro, Elisabetta, Sciarra, Michela, Prudente, Angela, Mete, Francesca, Ventura, Manuel, Cesari, Luisella, Pernigotti Luigi Maria, Santangelo, Tina, Benini, Lucia, Levato, Francesco, Mhiuta, Victor, Alius, Florin, Davidoaia, Diana, Giardini, Vittorio, Garancini, Mattia, Bellamoli, Claudio, Terranova, Luciano, Bozzini, Claudia, Tosoni, Paolo, Provoli, Emma, Cascone, Luisa, Dioli, Andrea, Ferrarin, Gianfranco, Bucci, Adelmo, Bua, Guido, Fenu, Sara, Bianchi, Giovanna, Casella, Silvia, Romano, Valentina, Poli, Maurizio, Mascherona, Ilenia, Belotti, Gloria, Cavaliere, Sabina, Cuni, Estella, Merciuc, Nina, Oberti, Rosella, Veneziani, Silvia, Capoferri, Emanuela, De Bernardi Elisabetta, Colombo, Katia, Bravi, Marco, Negrinotti, Nicoletta, D'Arcangelo, Paolo, Montenegro, Nicola, Montanari, Roberto, Lamanna, Pierpaolo, Gasperini, Beatrice, Montesi, Isabella, Diotallevi, Stefania, Altobelli, Gaia, Cacinaro, Filippo, Palama, Chiara, Di Emidio Chiara, Scarpini, Elio, Arighi, Andrea, Scrimieri, Antonia, Fumagalli, Giorgio, Basilico, Paola, Migone De Amicis Margherita, Mancarella, Marta, Maira, Diletta, Granata, Antonino, Ranalli, Claudia, Cammilli, Alessandra, Cavallini Maria Chiara, Tricca, Manola, Natella, Daniela, Gabbani, Luciano, Tesi, Francesca, Martella, Letizia, Imbrici, Rosalba, Pacchioni, Maurizio, Gianbattista, Guerrini, Scotuzzi Anna Maria, Sozzi, Ferdinando, Valenti, Luigi, Chiarello, Antonino, Monella, Monia, Pilotto, Alberto, Prete, Camilla, Senesi, Barbara, Meta Anna Cristina, Pendenza, Enrico, Pasqualetti, Giuseppe, Polini, Antonio, Tognini, Sara, Ballino, Elena, Dell'Aquila, Giuseppina, Gasparrini Pina Maria, Marotti, Elisabetta, Migale, Monica, Falsetti, Lorenzo, Salvi, Aldo, Toigo, Gabriele, Ceschia, Giuliano, Rosso, Alessia, Tongiorgi, Chiara, Scarpa, Cristina, De Dominicis Luigino, Pucci, Eugenio, Renzi, Sara, Cartechini, Elisabetta, Tomassini Pia Francesca, Del Gobbo Maurizio, Ugenti, Francesca, Romeo, Pasquale, Nardelli, Anna, Lauretani, Fulvio, Visioli, Sandra, Montanari, Ilaria, Ermini, Francesca, Giordano, Antonio, Pigato, Giorgio, Simeone, Emilio, Colameco, Franco, Cecamore, Antonella, Scurti, Rosa, Lupinetti Maria Cristina, Barbujani, Mario, Perazzi, Beatrice, Giampieri, Marina, Amoruso, Raffaele, Piccinini, Maristella, Ferrari, Camilla, Gambetti, Claudio, Sfrappini, Mario, Semeraro, Letizia, Striuli, Rinaldo, Mariani, Claudia, Pelliccioni, Giuseppe, Marinelli, Donatella, Fabi, Katia, Rossi, Tommaso, Pesallaccia, Martina, Sabbatini, Debora, Gobbi, Beatrice, Cerqua, Raffaella, Tagliani, Giancarla, Schlauser, Elena, Caser, Luciano, Caramello, Elisa, Sandigliano, Franca, Rosso, Giorgio, Bendini, Chiara, Davoli, Maria, Casella, Monica, Prampolini, Raffaella, Scevola, Moreno, Vitale, Enrico, Brugiolo, Roberto, Brugiolo, Fagherazzi, Carlo, Scarpa, Alberto, Zara, Daniela, Bertozzo, Giulia, Granziera, Serena, Barazzuol, Michele, Maugeri, Domenico, Sorace, Rosaria, Anzaldi, Massimiliano, De Gesu Roberto, Morrone, Giuseppe, Davolio, Federica, Fabbo, Andrea, Palmieri, Marina, Forti, Paola, Pirazzoli, Luca, Fabbri, Elisa, Terenzi, Laura, Bergolari, Federica, Wenter, Christian, Ruffini, Ingrid, Insam, Miriam, Abraham, Elisabeth, Kirchlechner, Christine, Lasco, Antonino, Arena Maria Grazia, Parise, Pasquale, Boccali, Andrea, Amici, Serena, Gambacorta, Maurizia, Ferrari, Alberto, Lasagni, Anna, Lovati, Roberto, Giovinazzo, Francesca, Kimak, Elzbieta, Zappa, Paolo, Medici, Francesco, Lo Castro Marika, Mauro, Flavia, De Luca Alessandro, Sancesario, Giuseppe, Martorana, Alessandro, Scaricamazza, Beatrice, Di Lorenzo Francesco, Liguori, Claudio, Vita, Natale, Giomi, Mirna, Forte, Floriana, Padovani, Alessandro, Rozzini, Luca, Caratozzolo, Salvatore, Cottino, Maria, Vitali, Silvia, Marelli, Eleonora, Tripi, Gabriele, Miceli, Salvatore, Urso, Giovanni, Grioni, Giuseppe, Vezzadini, Giuliana, Misaggi, Giulia, Forlani, Chiara, Avanzi, Stefano, Saulle, Serena, Casarini, Claudia, Viggiano, Marilena, Alberto, Luisa, Ghianda, Diego, Giordano, Alessandro, Iemolo, Francesco, Giordano, Antonello, Sanzaro, Enzo, D'Asta, Gabriele, Proietto, Maria, Carnemolla, Anna, Razza, Grazia, Spadaro, Daniela, Bertolotti, Marco, Mussi, Chiara, Neviani, Francesca, Chiesa, Roberto, Guerzoni, Valentina, Morselli, Linda, Venturelli, Francesca, Tarozzi, Adriano, Balestri, Francesca, Mannarino, Giulio, Bigolari, Michela, Natale, Alessia, Grassi, Simona, Bottaro, Cinzia, Stefanelli, Sara, Bovone, Ugo, Tortorolo, Umberto, Quadri, Roberto, Leone, Giuseppe, Ponzetto, Maria, Frasson, Paola, Annoni, Giorgio, Bruni, Adriana, Confalonieri, Roberto, Corsi, Maurizio, Moretti, Daniela, Teruzzi, Fabiola, Umidi, Simona, Mazzola, Paolo, Perego, Sabrina, Persico, Ilaria, Olivieri, Giulia, Bonfanti, Alessandra, Hajnalka, Szabo, Galeazzi, Marianna, Massariello, Francesca, Anzuini, Alessandra, Caffarra, Paolo, Barocco, Federica, Spallazzi, Marco, Ceda Gian Paolo, Morganti, Simonetta, Artoni, Andrea, Chioatto, Paolo, Bortolamei, Sandra, Soattin, Lucia, Beneamino, Borelli, Barilaro, Giuseppe, Bertazzoli, Marco, Rota, Elisabetta, Adobati, Annamaria, Zuccher, Paola, Dal Fabbro Angela, Lo Nigro Ambra, Franchetti, Lorena, Toniolo, Marika, Marcuzzo, Cinzia, Rollone, Marco, Guerriero, Fabio, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Anna, Santoro, Zatti, Giovanni, Piatti, Massimiliano, Graci, Jole, Benati, Giuseppe, Boschi, Federica, Biondi, Mario, Fiumi, Nicoletta, Erika, Tamburini, Locatelli Sergio Mario, Mauri, Sabrina, Beretta, Mauro, Margheritis, Laura, Desideri, Giovanbattista, Liberatore, Ester, Carucci Anna Cecilia, Bonino, Paolo, Caput, Margherita, Antonietti Maria Paola, Polistena, Giuseppe, De la Pierre Franz, Mari, Marcello, Massignani, Paola, Tombesi, Fabio, Selvaggio, Fabio, Verbo, Brunella, Bodoni, Paolo, Marchionni, Niccolo, Sabatini, Tony, Mussio, Eleonora, Magni, Eugenio, Bianchetti, Angelo, Crucitti, Andrea, Titoldini, Giulia, Cossu, Beatrice, Fascendini, Sara, Licini, Cristina, Tomasoni, Angela, Calderazzo, Massimo, Tropiano, Daniela, Lagana, Valentina, Melotti Rita Maria, Lilli, Albina, Buda, Simona, Adversi, Marco, Noro, Gabriele, Turco, Renato, Chiara, Ubezio M., Mantovani Anna Roberta, Viola Maria Cristina, Serrati, Carlo, Pretta, Stefano, Infante, Maria, Gentile, Simona, D'Ambrosio, Viviana, Mazzanti, Paolo, Brambilla, Cristina, Sportelli, Silvia, Platto, Caterina, Faraci, Bianca, Quattrocchi, Daniela, Pisu, Cristina, Sicuro, Francesca, Del Grosso Luciano Luca, Zagnoni, Piergiuseppe, Ghiglia, Stefania, Mosca, Massimiliano, Corazzin, Ileana, Deola, Mariangela, Biagini Carlo Adriano, Bencini, Francesca, Cantini, Claudia, Tonon, Elisabetta, Pierinelli, Silvia, Onofrj, Marco, Thomas, Astrid, Borbone, Filomena, Bonanni, Laura, Cacchio, Gabriella, Comi, Giancarlo, Magnani, Giuseppe, Santangelo, Roberto, Mazzeo, Salvatore, Caso, Francesca, Cecchetti, Giordano, Sant’Angelo, Roberto, Barbieri, Cristina, Giroldi, Liviana, Bandini, Fabio, Masina, Marco, Malservisi, Simona, Cicognani, Annalena, Ricca, Laura, Piccininni, Maristella, Tassinari, Tiziana, Brogi, Davide, Sugo, Annalisa, Filippi, Alessandra, Manfredi, Sonia, Vanni, Valerio, Usai carlo Andrea, Colombo, Enrico, Renna Vera Francesca, Sauchella, Assunta, Prete, Mauro, Bisagni, Pietro, Masini, Roberto, Carrabetta, Salvatore, Barone, Antonella, Razzano, Monica, Imperoli, Giuseppe, Bini, Angela, Serra, Francesco, D’Agostino, Valeria, Gianolla, Federico, Pietrangeli, Lucia, Velardi, Antonella, Di Cello Elisabetta, Rosati, Cristina, Casali, Nadia, Casali, Sessa, Maria, Abruzzi, Luciano, Costanzi, Chiara, Bini, Paolo, Pignata, Michele, Buonaugurio, Enrico, Vollery, Maria, Carrieri, Giovanni, Cioni, Giorgio, Toschi, Andrea, Metra, Marco, Ranieri, Piera, Ceccon, Anna, Magrin, Laura, Marin, Sara, Barbara, Sofia, Ghedini, Laura, Moroni, Matteo, Paragona, Marco, Pallotti Maria Caterina, Rota, Carla, Gottardi, Federica, Tomasoni, Clara, Cappuccio, Melania, Bonini, Giampaolo, Guerini, Stefano, Guerini, Valeria, Merlaj, Lucia, Tovaglieri, Maurizio, Antonio, Grillo, Francesca, Arenare, Mineo, Tonino, Kanah, David, Vianello, Giorgio, Vianello, Piero, Balducci, Ubaldo, Sidoti, Vincenzo, Montanari, Stefano, Murelli Flavio Teodolindo Busonera, Albanese, Paolo, Maselli, Monica, Bolzetta, Francesco, Fabris, Roberto, Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele, Testoni, Michela, Di Stefano Fabio, Seccia, Loredana, Sonzini, Valeria, Fabiano, Maria, Di Giorgio Annabella, De Cosmo Salvatore, Greco, Antonio, D’Onofrio, Grazia, Sancarlo, Daniele, Resta, Gianluca, Girardello, Renzo, Girardello, Minervini, Sergio, Boni, Morena, Vitali, Mariagrazia, Pizzoni, Marina, De Colle Paolo, Frattola, Alessandra, Orlandini, Francesco, La Regina Micaela, Padulo, Filomena, Margheriti, Cristina, Rolano, Dario, Moscatelli, Giancarla, Radaelli, Guido, Montini, Elena, Prete, Cosimo, Novello, Marileda, Bramuzzo, Igor, Bertin, Nicole, Rinaldo, Elena, Paolillo, Ciro, Riccardi, Angela, Benedetti, Claudia, Rizzi, Barbara, Montagna, Francesca, Cutaia, Chiara, Baca, Oliver, Colombo, Mauro, Procino, Giuseppe, Tarara, Rosaria, Dell’Acqua, Davide, Cislaghi, Stefania, Cairati, Marco, Porta, Massimo, Scaglione, Luca, De Feo Martina, Vertolli, Paola, Salvati, Lia, Cinotti, Sandro, De Santis Valentina, Biferi, Erminia, Cheli, Paola, Rebizzo, Romina, Salvatore, Minisola, Luciano, Colangelo, Abete, Pasquale, Liguori, Ilaria, Curcio, Francesca, Spassini, Guglielmo, Engheben, Marco, Rotunno, Sara, Rotunno, Arosio, Paola, Angelini, Claudio, Reggiani, Francesco, Cappelli, Alessandro, Marcheselli, Simona, Fratticci, Lara, Ranzani, Paola, Cesarini, Simonetta, Cerini, Antonella, Gallucci, Fernando, Serra, Emanuela, Sola, Mariolina, Delitala, Alessandro, Pes, Chiara, Lobianco, Giulia, Giani, Alessandro, Famularo, Simone, Sandini, Marta, Pinotti, Enrico, Gianotti, Luca, Battuello, Antonella, Pintore, Giulia, Rossi, Andrea, Rubele, Sofia, Sant, Selena, Vignati, Marco, Clerici, Danila, Rosa, Fabio, Bandirali Maria Pia, Cattaneo, Nicoletta, Boffi, Laura, Avalli, Leonello, Scanziani, Margherita, De Notaris Stefania, Del Santo Pierluigi, Del, Santo, Catalano, Felice, Fogli, Danilo, Di Bella Giovanna, Landi, Francesco, Salini, Sara, Brunetti Maria Angela, Cappa, Giorgetta, Galvagno, Giovanni, Cena, Paola, Bruno, Gerardo, Raspo, Silvio, Semeraro, Pedrotti, Sabrina, Palmieri Vincenzo Ostilio, Palasciano, Giuseppe, Belfiore, Anna, Portincasa, Piero, Sabbà, Carlo, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, D’Introno, Alessia, Valiani, Vincenzo, Bologna, Carolina, Ciarambino, Tiziana, Magnani, Turelli, Paola, Pazzaglia, Ugo, Rodella, Federica, Piana, Giacomo, Castellano, Maurizio, Garelli, Anna, Garelli, Casella, Elisa, Campana, Federica, Coschigliano Maria Antonietta, Marinangeli, Luigi, Lorico, Fabio, Bazzano, Salvatore, Menculini, Giuseppe, Gelosa, Giorgio, Viviana Ambrogio Teresa, Piras, Valentina, Ciricugno, Andrea, Bollari, Alessandra, Coen, Daniele, Magliola, Renata, Milanesio, Deborah, Muzzulini Carlo Lorenzo, Fogliacco, Paolo, Marinella, Turla, Cotelli Maria Sofia, Bianchi, Marta, Siano, Pietro, Capo, Giuseppe, Napoletano, Rosa, Politi, Cecilia, Mancini, Concetta, Del Buono Corrado, De Bartolomeo Giuseppe, Martinelli, Addolorata, Cefalogli, Carmen, Cozzi, Roberto, Virtuani Angelo Giovanni, Moschettini, Gianfilippo, Mastroianni, Franco, Roglia, Daniela, D'Amico, Gabriella, Palella, Mirella, Endrizzi, Cristina, Trotta, Lucia, Zanetti, Orazio, Terazzi, Emanuela, Sacchetti, Marta, Fleetwood, Thomas, Tondo, Giacomo, Di Fazio Ignazio, Bruni, Andrea, Orsitto, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Emanuela, D’Imporzano, Elena, Casanova, Anna, Bertolio, Serena, Nervo, Silvestri, Roberto, Semproni, Elena, Pintus, Manuela, Aloe, Francesca, Tagliaccica, Angelo., Aloisi G., Marengoni A., Morandi A., Zucchelli A., Cherubini A., Mossello E., Bo M., Di Santo S.G., Mazzone A., Trabucchi M., Cappa S., Fimognari F.L., Incalzi R.A., Gareri P., Perticone F., Campanini M., Montorsi M., Latronico N., Zambon A., Bellelli G., Rispoli V., Malara A., Spadea F., Di Cello S., Ceravolo F., Fabiano F., Chiaradia G., Gabriele A., Lenino P., Andrea T., Settembrini V., Capomolla D., Citrino A., Scriva A., Bruno I., Secchi R., De Martino E., Muccinelli R., Villa Del Sole R.S.A., Lupi G., Paonessa P., Fabbri A., Passuti M.T., Castellari S., Po A., Gaggioli G., Varesi M., Moneti P., Capurso S., Latini V., Ghidotti S., Riccardelli F., Macchi M., Rigo R., Claudio P., Angelo B., Flavio C., Benedetta B., Boffelli S., Cassinadri A., Franzoni S., Spazzini E., Andretto D., Tonini G., Andreani L., Coralli M., Balotta A., Cancelliere R., Ballardini G., Simoncelli M., Mancini A., Strazzacapa M., Fabio S., De Filippi F., Giudice C., Dentizzi C., Azzini M., Cazzadori M., Mastroeni V., Bertassello P., Benati H.S.C., Nesta E., Tobaldini C., Guerini F., Elena T., Mombelloni P., Fontanini F., Gabriella L., Pizzorni C., Oliverio M., Del Grosso L.L., Giavedoni C., Bidoli G., Mazzei B., Corsonello A., Fusco S., Vena S., De Vuono T., Maiuri G., Luca F.F., Andrea A., Giovanni S., Rossella N., Castegnaro E., De Rosa S., Benvenuti E., Del Lungo I., Giardini S., Giulietti C., Mauro D.B., Eleonora B., Martina P., Irene F., Riccardo B., Federica S., Bertoletti E., D'Amico F., Caronzolo F., Grippa A., Lombardo G., Pipicella T., Antonino S., Francesco C., Valeria P.G., Daniela L., Domenico C., Giorgio B., March A., Nitti M.T., Felici A., Pavan S., Piazzani F., Lunelli A., Dimori S., Margotta A., Soglia T., Postacchini D., Brunelli R., Santini S., Francavilla M., Macchiati I., Sorvillo F., Giuli C., Mecocci P., Longo A., Addesi D., Rosa P.C., Bencardino G., Falbo T., Grillo N., Marco F., Mirella F., Fanto F., Isaia G., Pezzilli S., Bergamo D., Furno E., Rrodhe S., Lucarini S., Dijk B., Dall'Acqua F., Calvani D., Becheri D., Giuseppe M., Costanza M., Vito A., Francesca B., Magherini L., Novella M., Franca B., Gambardella P.M.L., Valente C., Ospedale N., Ilaria B., Alice F., Porrino P., Ceci G., Giuliana B., Michela T., Eleonora C., Ettore E., Camellini C., Servello A., Grassi A., Rozzini R., Tironi S., Grassi M.G., Troisi E., Carlo C., Gabriella D.S.S., Flaminia F., Federica R., Beatrice P., Sofia T., Gabutto A., Quazzo L., Rosatello A., Suraci D., Tagliabue B., Perrone C., Ferrara L., Castagna A., Tremolada M.L., Giuseppe C., Stefano B., Davide O., Piano S., Serviddio G., Lo Buglio A., Gurrera T., Merlo V., Rovai C., Cotroneo A.M., Carlucci R., Abbaldo A., Monzani F., Qasem A.A., Bini G., Tafuto S., Galli G., Bruni A.C., Mancuso G., Calipari D., Bernardini B., Corsini C., Michele C., Sara D.F., Cagnin A., Fragiacomo F., Pompanin S., Piero A., Marco C., Zurlo A., Guerra G., Pala M., Menozzi L., Delli Gatti C., Magon S., Roberto M., Alfredo D.G., Fabio F., Ruana T., Elisa M., Christian M., Marco P., Massimo G., Di Francesco V., Faccioli S., Pellizzari L., Giorgia F., Barbagallo G., Lunardelli M.L., Martini E., Ferrari E., Macchiarulo M., Corneli M., Bacci M., Battaglia G., Anastasio L., Lo Storto M.S., Seresin C., Simonato M., Loreggian M., Cestonaro F., Durando M., Latella R., Mazzoleni M., Russo G., Ponte M., Valchera A., Salustri G., Petritola D., Costa A., Sinforiani E., Cotta M.R., Pizio R.N., Cester A., Formilan M., Pietro B., Carbone P., Cazzaniga I., Appollonio I., Cereda D., Stabile A., Xhani R., Acampora R., Tremolizzo L., Federico P., Antonio C., Valerio P., Cesare B., Zhirajr M., Giovanni V., Maria A., Mariaelena S., Bottacchi E., Bucciantini E., Di Giovanni M., Franchi F., Lucchetti L., Mariani C., Grande G., Rapazzini P., Marco M., Romanelli G., Franco N., Alessio M., Nicola L., Laura P., Nazario P., Chiara G., Soccorso P., Andrea S., Luca B., Francesca S., Roberto A., Anna C., Infettive M., Fugazza L., Guerrini C., De Paduanis G., Iallonardo L., Palumbo P., Zuliani G., Ortolani B., Capatti E., Soavi C., Bianchi L., Francesconi D., Miselli A., Gloria B., Tommaso R., Chiara P., Agata M.M., Dall'Agata M., Luca M., Gianluca G., Suardi T., Zaccarini C., Manuela R., Mirra G., Muti E., Bottura R., Gianpaolo M., Secreto P., Bisio E., Cecchettani M., Naldi T., Pallavicino A., Pugliese M., Iozzo R.C., Grassi G., Michele B., Dell'Oro R., Fosca Q.T., Giorgio G.C., Giovanni P., Ernesto C., Mannironi A., Giorli E., Oberti S., Fierro B., Piccoli T., Giacalone F., Mandas A., Serchisu L., Costaggiu D., Pinna E., Orru F., Mannai M., Cordioli Z., Pelizzari L., Turcato E., Arduini P., Cacace C., Chiloiro R., Cimino R., Ruberto C., Giovanni R., Pietro G., Laura G., Alberto C., Carmen R., Dal Santo P., Andriolli A., Burattin G., Rossi L., Antonino C.G.A., Tezza F., Maddalena P., Laura S., Crippa P., Aloisio P., Di Monda T., Malighetti A., Galbassini G., Ivaldi C., Russo A.M., Bennati E., Pino E., Zavarise G., Pesci A., Suigo G., Faverio P., Andrea G., Sabrina P., Zanasi M., Moniello G., Rostagno C., Cartei A., Polidori G., Ungar A., Melis M.R., Martellini E., Enrico M., Monica T., Antonella G., Giovanna L., Migliorini M., Caramelli F., Battiston B., Berardino M., Cavallo S., Alessandro M., Anna S., Lombardi B., D'Ippolito P., Furini A., Villani D., Clara R., Guarneri M., Paolucci S., Bassi A., Coiro P., De Angelis D., Morone G., Venturiero V., Palleschi L., Raganato P., Di Niro G., Rosa C.A., Loredana B., Imoscopi A., Tibaldi V., Bottignole G.G., Calvi E., Clementi C., Zanocchi M., Agosta L., Criasia A., Spertino E., Nortarelli A., Provenzano G., Principato P., Rizzo A., Cellura E., Mari D., Romano F.Y., Rosini F., Mansi M., Rossi S., Riccardelli A., Inzaghi L., Bonini G., Rossi P., Potena A., Lichii M., Candiani T., Grimaldi W., Bertani E., Alessandra P., Calogero P., Pinto D., Bernardi R., Nicolino F., Galetti C., Gianstefani A., Giulia C., Lorenzo M., Odetti P., Monacelli F., Prefumo M., Fiammetta M., Canepa M., Minaglia C., Paolisso G., Rizzo M.R., Prestano R., Dalise A.M., Barra D., Dal Bosco L., Asprinio V., Dallape L., Perina E., Bartoli I.R., Pluderi A., Maina A., Pecoraro E., Sciarra M., Prudente A., Paola M., Francesca M., Manuel V., Luisella C., Maria P.L., Tina S., Benini L., Levato F., Mhiuta V., Alius F., Davidoaia D., Giardini V., Garancini M., Bellamoli C., Terranova L., Bozzini C., Tosoni P., Provoli E., Cascone L., Dioli A., Ferrarin G., Bucci A., Bua G., Fenu S., Bianchi G., Casella S., Romano V., Maurizio P., Mascherona I., Belotti G., Cavaliere S., Cuni E., Merciuc N., Oberti R., Veneziani S., Capoferri E., De Bernardi E., Colombo K., Bravi M., Nicoletta N., D'Arcangelo P., Montenegro N., Montanari R., Lamanna P., Gasperini B., Isabella M., Stefania D., Gaia A., Filippo C., Palama C., Di Emidio C., Scarpini E., Arighi A., Fumagalli G., Basilico P., De Amicis Margherita M., Marta M., Diletta M., Granata A., Ranalli C., Cammilli A., Cavallini M.C., Tricca M., Natella D., Gabbani L., Tesi F., Martella L., Imbrici R., Guerrini G., Scotuzzi A.M., Sozzi F., Valenti L., Chiarello A., Monia M., Pilotto A., Prete C., Senesi B., Meta A.C., Pendenza E., Pasqualetti G., Polini A., Tognini S., Ballino E., Dell'Aquila G., Gasparrini P.M., Marotti E., Migale M., Scrimieri A., Falsetti L., Salvi A., Toigo G., Ceschia G., Rosso A., Tongiorgi C., Scarpa C., De Dominicis L., Pucci E., Renzi S., Cartechini E., Tomassini P.F., Del Gobbo M., Ugenti F., Romeo P., Nardelli A., Lauretani F., Visioli S., Montanari I., Ermini F., Giordano A., Pigato G., Simeone E., Colameco F., Cecamore A., Scurti R., Lupinetti M.C., Barbujani M., Perazzi B., Giampieri M., Amoruso R., Piccinini M., Ferrari C., Gambetti C., Sfrappini M., Semeraro L., Striuli R., Pelliccioni G., Marinelli D., Fabi K., Rossi T., Pesallaccia M., Sabbatini D., Gobbi B., Cerqua R., Tagliani G., Schlauser E., Caser L., Caramello E., Sandigliano F., Rosso G., Ferrari A., Bendini C., Luisa D.M., Casella M., Prampolini R., Scevola M., Vitale E., Roberto B., Carlo F., Sergio F., Alberto S., Daniela Z., Giulia B., Serena G., Maugeri D., Sorace R., Anzaldi M., De Gesu R., Morrone G., Davolio F., Fabbo A., Palmieri M., Zoli M., Forti P., Pirazzoli L., Fabbri E., Terenzi L., Bergolari F., Wenter C., Ruffini I., Insam M., Abraham E., Kirchlechner C., Cucinotta D., Antonino L., Basile G., Grazia A.M., Parise P., Boccali A., Amici S., Gambacorta M., Lasagni A., Lovati R., Giovinazzo F., Kimak E., Zappa P., Medici F., Lo Castro M., Mauro F., De Luca A., Sancesario G., Martorana A., Scaricamazza B., Toniolo S., Di Lorenzo F., Liguori C., Lasco A., Vita N., Giomi M., Forte F., Padovani A., Rozzini L., Ceraso A., Salvatore C., Cottino M., Vitali S., Marelli E., Tripi G., Miceli S., Urso G., Grioni G., Vezzadini G., Misaggi G., Forlani C., Avanzi S., Serena S., Claudia C., Marilena V., Alberto L., Diego G., Alessandro G., Iemolo F., Sanzaro E., D'Asta G., Proietto M., Carnemolla A., Razza G., Spadaro D., Bertolotti M., Mussi C., Neviani F., Roberto C., Valentina G., Linda M., Francesca V., Tarozzi A., Balestri F., Mannarino G., Bigolari M., Natale A., Grassi S., Bottaro C., Stefanelli S., Bovone U., Tortorolo U., Quadri R., Leone G., Ponzetto M., Frasson P., Annoni G., Bruni A., Confalonieri R., Corsi M., Moretti D., Teruzzi F., Umidi S., Mazzola P., Perego S., Persico I., Olivieri G., Bonfanti A., Hajnalka S., Galeazzi M., Massariello F., Anzuini A., Caffarra P., Barocco F., Spallazzi M., Paolo C.G., Simonetta M., Chioatto P., Bortolamei S., Soattin L., Ruotolo G., Beneamino B., Giuseppe B., Bertazzoli M., Rota E., Adobati A., Scarpa A., Granziera S., Zuccher P., Dal Fabbro A., Zara D., Lo Nigro A., Franchetti L., Toniolo M., Marcuzzo C., Rollone M., Guerriero F., Sgarlata C., Masse A., Zatti G., Piatti M., Graci J., Benati G., Boschi F., Biondi M., Fiumi N., Erika T., Locatelli S.M., Mauri S., Beretta M., Margheritis L., Desideri G., Liberatore E., Carucci A.C., Bonino P., Caput M., Antonietti M.P., Polistena G., De La Pierre F., Mari M., Massignani P., Tombesi F., Selvaggio F., Verbo B., Bodoni P., Marchionni N., Sabatini T., Mussio E., Magni E., Bianchetti A., Crucitti A., Titoldini G., Cossu B., Fascendini S., Licini C., Tomasoni A., Calderazzo M., Daniela T., Valentina L., Melotti R.M., Lilli A., Buda S., Adversi M., Noro G., Turco R., Ubezio M.C., Mantovani A.R., Viola M.C., Serrati C., Pretta S., Infante M., Gentile S., D'Ambrosio V., Mazzanti P., Brambilla C., Sportelli S., Platto C., Faraci B., Quattrocchi D., Pernigotti L.M., Pisu C., Sicuro F., Zagnoni P., Ghiglia S., Mosca M., Corazzin I., Deola M., Di Agordo O., Biagini C.A., Bencini F., Cantini C., Tonon E., Pierinelli S., Onofrj M., Thomas A., Filomena B., Bonanni L., Gabriella C., Comi G., Magnani G., Santangelo R., Mazzeo S., Francesca C., Giordano C., Roberto S., Barbieri C., Giroldi L., Bandini F., Masina M., Malservisi S., Cicognani A., Ricca L., Piccininni M., Tassinari T., Brogi D., Sugo A., Alessandra F., Sonia M., Valerio V., Andrea U.C., Enrico C., Vera R.F., Assunta S., Gianmaria Z., Mauro P., Barone A., Razzano M., Giuseppe I., Angela B., Francesco S., D'Agostino V., Federico G., Lucia P., Antonella V., Di Cello E., Cristina C., Nadia C., Maria S., Luciano A., Chiara C., Bini P., Pignata M., Enrico B., Maria V., Giovanni C., Giorgio C., Piera R., Alberto Z., Ceccon A., Magrin L., Marin S., Barbara S., Matteo M., Caterina P.M., Carla R., Federica G., Clara T., Melania C., Giampaolo B., Stefano G., Valeria G., Lucia M., Giovambattista D., Ester L., Cecilia C.A., Maurizio T., Nadia B., Grillo A., Arenare F., Tonino M., David K., Giorgio V.P., Ubaldo B., Vincenzo S., Stefano M., Marino F., Flavio M.T.B., Paolo A., Monica M., Francesco B., Roberto F., Paolo B., Durante-Mangoni E., Testoni M., Di Stefano F., Loredana S., Daniela M., Valeria S., Fabiano M., Di Giorgio A., De Cosmo S., Greco A., D'Onofrio G., Daniele S., Gianluca R., Renzo G., Sergio M., Morena B., Vitali M., Marina P., De Colle P., Cristina S., Orlandini F., La Regina M., Desiree A., Mario B., Paola P., Padulo F., Cristina M., Dario R., Giancarla M., Guido R., Elena M., Marileda N., Igor B., Nicole B., Elena R., Paolillo C., Riccardi A., Claudia B., Barbara R., Silvia V., Oliver B., Mauro C., Eleonora M., Giuseppe P., Rosaria T., Maria C., Dell'Acqua D., Stefania C., Massimo P., Luca S., De Feo M., Paola V., Lia S., Sandro C., De Santis V., Erminia B., Paola C., Romina R., Minisola S., Luciano C., Pasquale A., Ilaria L., Guglielmo S., Marco E., Sara R., Paola A., Claudio A., Francesco R., Alessandro C., Simona M., Lara F., Paola R., Simonetta C., Antonella C., Generoso U., Fernando G., Giuliano C., Emanuela S., Mariolina S., Alessandro D., Giulia L., Famularo S., Sandini M., Pinotti E., Gianotti L., Antonella B., Giulia P., Sante G., Rossi A., Rubele S., Sant S., Marco V., Danila C., Fabio R., Bandirali M.P., Nicoletta C., Laura B., Paolo T., Luciano T., Leonello A., Margherita S., De Notaris S., Del Santo P., Laura R., Fabiana T., Giovanna C., Antonino A., Felice C., Danilo F., Di Bella G., Francesco L., Salini S., Angela B.M., Giorgetta C., Giovanni G., Gerardo B., Silvio R., Letizia S., Davide B., Rosaria R.M., Maria D.A., Raffaele P., Palmieri V.O., Palasciano G., Belfiore A., Portincasa P., Carlo S., D'Introno A., Valiani V., Carolina B., Tiziana C., Paola T., Ugo P., Giacomo P., Castellano M., Anna G., Elisa C., Federica C., Antonietta C.M., Luigi M., Fabio L., Salvatore B., Gelosa G., Viviana A.T., Piras V., Andrea C., Alessandra B., Coen D., Magliola R., Milanesio D., Muzzulini C.L., Paolo F., Marinella T., Sofia C.M., Marta B., Siano P., Capo G., Napoletano R., Cecilia P., Mancini C., Del Buono C., De Bartolomeo G., Addolorata M., Carmen C., Giovanni V.A., Moschettini G., Franco M., Mulli O.F., Daniela R., D'Amico G., Mirella P., Endrizzi C., Trotta L., Ciarambino T., Orazio Z., Emanuela T., Marta S., Thomas F., Giacomo T., Di Fazio I., Andrea B., Giuseppe O., Emanuela F., Serena A., D'Imporzano E., Serena B., Erika N., Elena S., Manuela P., Francesca A., Angelo T., Aloisi, G., Marengoni, A., Morandi, A., Zucchelli, A., Cherubini, A., Mossello, E., Bo, M., Di Santo, S.G., Mazzone, A., Trabucchi, M., Cappa, S., Fimognari, F.L., Incalzi, R.A., Gareri, P., Perticone, F., Campanini, M., Montorsi, M., Latronico, N., Zambon, A., Bellelli, G., Rispoli, V., Malara, A., Spadea, F., Di Cello, S., Ceravolo, F., Fabiano, F., Chiaradia, G., Gabriele, A., Lenino, P., Andrea, T., Settembrini, V., Capomolla, D., Citrino, A., Scriva, A., Bruno, I., Secchi, R., De Martino, E., Muccinelli, R., Villa Del Sole, R.S.A., Lupi, G., Paonessa, P., Fabbri, A., Passuti, M.T., Castellari, S., Po, A., Gaggioli, G., Varesi, M., Moneti, P., Capurso, S., Latini, V., Ghidotti, S., Riccardelli, F., Macchi, M., Rigo, R., Claudio, P., Angelo, B., Flavio, C., Benedetta, B., Boffelli, S., Cassinadri, A., Franzoni, S., Spazzini, E., Andretto, D., Tonini, G., Andreani, L., Coralli, M., Balotta, A., Cancelliere, R., Ballardini, G., Simoncelli, M., Mancini, A., Strazzacapa, M., Fabio, S., De Filippi, F., Giudice, C., Dentizzi, C., Azzini, M., Cazzadori, M., Mastroeni, V., Bertassello, P., Benati, H.S.C., Nesta, E., Tobaldini, C., Guerini, F., Elena, T., Mombelloni, P., Fontanini, F., Gabriella, L., Pizzorni, C., Oliverio, M., Del Grosso, L.L., Giavedoni, C., Bidoli, G., Mazzei, B., Corsonello, A., Fusco, S., Vena, S., De Vuono, T., Maiuri, G., Luca, F.F., Andrea, A., Giovanni, S., Rossella, N., Castegnaro, E., De Rosa, S., Benvenuti, E., Del Lungo, I., Giardini, S., Giulietti, C., Mauro, D.B., Eleonora, B., Martina, P., Irene, F., Riccardo, B., Federica, S., Bertoletti, E., D'Amico, F., Caronzolo, F., Grippa, A., Lombardo, G., Pipicella, T., Antonino, S., Francesco, C., Valeria, P.G., Daniela, L., Domenico, C., Giorgio, B., March, A., Nitti, M.T., Felici, A., Pavan, S., Piazzani, F., Lunelli, A., Dimori, S., Margotta, A., Soglia, T., Postacchini, D., Brunelli, R., Santini, S., Francavilla, M., Macchiati, I., Sorvillo, F., Giuli, C., Mecocci, P., Longo, A., Addesi, D., Rosa, P.C., Bencardino, G., Falbo, T., Grillo, N., Marco, F., Mirella, F., Fantò, F., Isaia, G., Pezzilli, S., Bergamo, D., Furno, E., Rrodhe, S., Lucarini, S., Dijk, B., Dall'Acqua, F., Calvani, D., Becheri, D., Giuseppe, M., Costanza, M., Vito, A., Francesca, B., Magherini, L., Novella, M., Franca, B., Gambardella, P.M.L., Valente, C., Ospedale, N., Ilaria, B., Alice, F., Porrino, P., Ceci, G., Giuliana, B., Michela, T., Eleonora, C., Ettore, E., Camellini, C., Servello, A., Grassi, A., Rozzini, R., Tironi, S., Grassi, M.G., Troisi, E., Carlo, C., Gabriella, D.S.S., Flaminia, F., Federica, R., Beatrice, P., Sofia, T., Gabutto, A., Quazzo, L., Rosatello, A., Suraci, D., Tagliabue, B., Perrone, C., Ferrara, L., Castagna, A., Tremolada, M.L., Giuseppe, C., Stefano, B., Davide, O., Piano, S., Serviddio, G., Lo Buglio, A., Gurrera, T., Merlo, V., Rovai, C., Cotroneo, A.M., Carlucci, R., Abbaldo, A., Monzani, F., Qasem, A.A., Bini, G., Tafuto, S., Galli, G., Bruni, A.C., Mancuso, G., Mancuso, G., Calipari, D., Bernardini, B., Corsini, C., Michele, C., Sara, D.F., Cagnin, A., Fragiacomo, F., Pompanin, S., Piero, A., Marco, C., Zurlo, A., Guerra, G., Pala, M., Menozzi, L., Delli Gatti, C., Magon, S., Roberto, M., Alfredo, D.G., Fabio, F., Ruana, T., Elisa, M., Benedetta, B., Christian, M., Marco, P., Massimo, G., Di Francesco, V., Faccioli, S., Pellizzari, L., Giorgia, F., Barbagallo, G., Lunardelli, M.L., Martini, E., Ferrari, E., Macchiarulo, M., Corneli, M., Bacci, M., Battaglia, G., Anastasio, L., Lo Storto, M.S., Seresin, C., Simonato, M., Loreggian, M., Cestonaro, F., Durando, M., Latella, R., Mazzoleni, M., Russo, G., Ponte, M., Valchera, A., Salustri, G., Petritola, D., Costa, A., Sinforiani, E., Cotta, M.R., Piano, S., Pizio, R.N., Cester, A., Formilan, M., Pietro, B., Carbone, P., Cazzaniga, I., Appollonio, I., Cereda, D., Stabile, A., Xhani, R., Acampora, R., Tremolizzo, L., Federico, P., Antonio, C., Valerio, P., Cesare, B., Zhirajr, M., Giovanni, V., Maria, A., Mariaelena, S., Bottacchi, E., Bucciantini, E., Di Giovanni, M., Franchi, F., Lucchetti, L., Mariani, C., Grande, G., Rapazzini, P., Marco, M., Romanelli, G., Franco, N., Alessio, M., Stefano, B., Nicola, L., Laura, P., Nazario, P., Carlo, C., Chiara, G., Soccorso, P., Andrea, S., Luca, B., Francesca, S., Roberto, A., Marco, F., Anna, C., Francesco, C., Infettive, M., Fugazza, L., Guerrini, C., De Paduanis, G., Iallonardo, L., Palumbo, P., Zuliani, G., Ortolani, B., Capatti, E., Soavi, C., Bianchi, L., Francesconi, D., Miselli, A., Gloria, B., Tommaso, R., Chiara, P., Agata, M.M., Dall'Agata, M., Luca, M., Gianluca, G., Suardi, T., Zaccarini, C., Manuela, R., Mirra, G., Muti, E., Bottura, R., Gianpaolo, M., Secreto, P., Bisio, E., Cecchettani, M., Naldi, T., Pallavicino, A., Pugliese, M., Iozzo, R.C., Grassi, G., Michele, B., Dell'Oro, R., Fosca, Q.T., Giorgio, G.C., Giovanni, P., Ernesto, C., Mannironi, A., Giorli, E., Oberti, S., Fierro, B., Piccoli, T., Giacalone, F., Mandas, A., Serchisu, L., Costaggiu, D., Pinna, E., Orrù, F., Mannai, M., Cordioli, Z., Pelizzari, L., Turcato, E., Arduini, P., Cacace, C., Chiloiro, R., Cimino, R., Ruberto, C., Giovanni, R., Pietro, G., Laura, G., Alberto, C., Carmen, R., Dal Santo, P., Andriolli, A., Burattin, G., Rossi, L., Antonino, C.G.A., Giuseppe, C., Tezza, F., Maddalena, P., Laura, S., Crippa, P., Aloisio, P., Di Monda, T., Malighetti, A., Galbassini, G., Ivaldi, C., Russo, A.M., Bennati, E., Pino, E., Zavarise, G., Pesci, A., Suigo, G., Faverio, P., Andrea, G., Sabrina, P., Zanasi, M., Moniello, G., Rostagno, C., Cartei, A., Polidori, G., Ungar, A., Melis, M.R., Martellini, E., Enrico, M., Monica, T., Antonella, G., Giovanna, L., Migliorini, M., Caramelli, F., Battiston, B., Berardino, M., Cavallo, S., Alessandro, M., Anna, S., Lombardi, B., D'Ippolito, P., Furini, A., Villani, D., Clara, R., Guarneri, M., Paolucci, S., Bassi, A., Coiro, P., De Angelis, D., Morone, G., Venturiero, V., Palleschi, L., Raganato, P., Di Niro, G., Rosa, C.A., Loredana, B., Imoscopi, A., Isaia, G., Tibaldi, V., Bottignole, G.G., Calvi, E., Clementi, C., Zanocchi, M., Agosta, L., Criasia, A., Spertino, E., Nortarelli, A., Provenzano, G., Principato, P., Rizzo, A., Cellura, E., Mari, D., Romano, F.Y., Rosini, F., Mansi, M., Rossi, S., Riccardelli, A., Inzaghi, L., Bonini, G., Rossi, P., Potena, A., Lichii, M., Candiani, T., Grimaldi, W., Bertani, E., Alessandra, P., Calogero, P., Pinto, D., Bernardi, R., Nicolino, F., Galetti, C., Gianstefani, A., Giulia, C., Lorenzo, M., Odetti, P., Monacelli, F., Prefumo, M., Fiammetta, M., Canepa, M., Minaglia, C., Paolisso, G., Rizzo, M.R., Prestano, R., Dalise, A.M., Barra, D., Dal Bosco, L., Asprinio, V., Dallape, L., Perina, E., Bartoli, I.R., Pluderi, A., Maina, A., Pecoraro, E., Sciarra, M., Prudente, A., Paola, M., Francesca, M., Manuel, V., Luisella, C., Maria, P.L., Tina, S., Benini, L., Levato, F., Mhiuta, V., Alius, F., Davidoaia, D., Giardini, V., Garancini, M., Bellamoli, C., Terranova, L., Bozzini, C., Tosoni, P., Provoli, E., Cascone, L., Dioli, A., Ferrarin, G., Bucci, A., Bua, G., Fenu, S., Bianchi, G., Casella, S., Romano, V., Maurizio, P., Mascherona, I., Belotti, G., Cavaliere, S., Cuni, E., Merciuc, N., Oberti, R., Veneziani, S., Capoferri, E., De Bernardi, E., Colombo, K., Bravi, M., Nicoletta, N., D'Arcangelo, P., Montenegro, N., Galli, G., Montanari, R., Lamanna, P., Gasperini, B., Isabella, M., Stefania, D., Gaia, A., Filippo, C., Palamà, C., Di Emidio, C., Scarpini, E., Arighi, A., Fumagalli, G., Basilico, P., De Amicis Margherita, M., Marta, M., Diletta, M., Granata, A., Ranalli, C., Cammilli, A., Cavallini, M.C., Tricca, M., Natella, D., Gabbani, L., Tesi, F., Martella, L., Imbrici, R., Guerrini, G., Scotuzzi, A.M., Sozzi, F., Valenti, L., Chiarello, A., Monia, M., Pilotto, A., Prete, C., Senesi, B., Meta, A.C., Pendenza, E., Pasqualetti, G., Polini, A., Tognini, S., Ballino, E., Dell'Aquila, G., Gasparrini, P.M., Marotti, E., Migale, M., Scrimieri A., Falsetti, L., Salvi A., Toigo, G., Ceschia, G., Rosso, A., Tongiorgi, C., Scarpa, C., Maurizio, P., De Dominicis, L., Pucci, E., Renzi, S., Cartechini, E., Tomassini, P.F., Del Gobbo, M., Ugenti, F., Romeo, P., Nardelli, A., Lauretani, F., Visioli, S., Montanari, I., Ermini, F., Giordano, A., Pigato, G., Simeone, E., Colameco, F., Cecamore, A., Scurti, R., Lupinetti, M.C., Barbujani, M., Perazzi, B., Giampieri, M., Amoruso, R., Piccinini, M., Ferrari, C., Gambetti, C., Sfrappini, M., Semeraro, L., Striuli, R., Mariani, C., Pelliccioni, G., Marinelli, D., Fabi, K., Rossi, T., Pesallaccia, M., Sabbatini, D., Gobbi, B., Cerqua, R., Tagliani, G., Schlauser, E., Caser, L., Caramello, E., Sandigliano, F., Rosso, G., Ferrari, A., Bendini, C., Luisa, D.M., Casella, M., Prampolini, R., Scevola, M., Vitale, E., Roberto, B., Carlo, F., Sergio, F., Alberto, S., Daniela, Z., Giulia, B., Serena, G., Michele, B., Maugeri, D., Sorace, R., Anzaldi, M., De Gesu, R., Morrone, G., Davolio, F., Fabbo, A., Palmieri, M., Barbagallo, G., Zoli, M., Forti, P., Pirazzoli, L., Fabbri, E., Terenzi, L., Bergolari, F., Wenter, C., Ruffini, I., Insam, M., Abraham, E., Kirchlechner, C., Cucinotta, D., Antonino, L., Basile, G., Grazia, A.M., Parise, P., Boccali, A., Amici, S., Gambacorta, M., Lasagni, A., Lovati, R., Giovinazzo, F., Kimak, E., Zappa, P., Medici, F., Lo Castro, M., Mauro, F., De Luca, A., Sancesario, G., Martorana, A., Scaricamazza, B., Toniolo, S., Di Lorenzo, F., Liguori, C., Lasco, A., Vita, N., Giomi, M., Forte, F., Padovani, A., Rozzini, L., Ceraso, A., Salvatore, C., Cottino, M., Vitali, S., Marelli, E., Tripi, G., Miceli, S., Urso, G., Grioni, G., Vezzadini, G., Misaggi, G., Forlani, C., Avanzi, S., Serena, S., Claudia, C., Marilena, V., Alberto, L., Diego, G., Alessandro, G., Iemolo, F., Giordano, A., Sanzaro, E., D'Asta, G., Proietto, M., Carnemolla, A., Razza, G., Spadaro, D., Bertolotti, M., Mussi, C., Neviani, F., Roberto, C., Valentina, G., Linda, M., Francesca, V., Tarozzi, A., Balestri, F., Mannarino, G., Bigolari, M., Natale, A., Grassi, S., Bottaro, C., Stefanelli, S., Bovone, U., Tortorolo, U., Quadri, R., Leone, G., Ponzetto, M., Frasson, P., Annoni, G., Bruni, A., Confalonieri, R., Corsi, M., Moretti, D., Teruzzi, F., Umidi, S., Mazzola, P., Perego, S., Persico, I., Olivieri, G., Bonfanti, A., Hajnalka, S., Galeazzi, M., Massariello, F., Anzuini, A., Caffarra, P., Barocco, F., Spallazzi, M., Paolo, C.G., Simonetta, M., Andrea, A., Chioatto, P., Bortolamei, S., Soattin, L., Ruotolo, G., Beneamino, B., Giuseppe, B., Bertazzoli, M., Rota, E., Adobati, A., Scarpa, A., Granziera, S., Zuccher, P., Dal Fabbro, A., Zara, D., Lo Nigro, A., Franchetti, L., Toniolo, M., Marcuzzo, C., Piano, S., Rollone, M., Guerriero, F., Sgarlata, C., Massè, A., Zatti, G., Piatti, M., Graci, J., Benati, G., Boschi, F., Biondi, M., Fiumi, N., Erika, T., Locatelli, S.M., Mauri, S., Beretta, M., Margheritis, L., Desideri, G., Liberatore, E., Carucci, A.C., Bonino, P., Caput, M., Antonietti, M.P., Polistena, G., De La Pierre, F., Mari, M., Massignani, P., Tombesi, F., Selvaggio, F., Verbo, B., Bodoni, P., Marchionni, N., Sabatini, T., Mussio, E., Magni, E., Bianchetti, A., Crucitti, A., Titoldini, G., Cossu, B., Fascendini, S., Licini, C., Tomasoni, A., Calderazzo, M., Daniela, T., Valentina, L., Prampolini, R., Melotti, R.M., Lilli, A., Buda, S., Adversi, M., Noro, G., Turco, R., Ubezio, M.C., Mantovani, A.R., Viola, M.C., Serrati, C., Pretta, S., Infante, M., Gentile, S., D'Ambrosio, V., Mazzanti, P., Brambilla, C., Sportelli, S., Platto, C., Faraci, B., Quattrocchi, D., Pernigotti, L.M., Pisu, C., Sicuro, F., Del Grosso, L.L., Zagnoni, P., Ghiglia, S., Mosca, M., Corazzin, I., Deola, M., Di Agordo, O., Biagini, C.A., Bencini, F., Cantini, C., Tonon, E., Pierinelli, S., Onofrj, M., Thomas, A., Filomena, B., Bonanni, L., Gabriella, C., Comi, G., Magnani, G., Santangelo, R., Mazzeo, S., Giuseppe, M., Francesca, C., Giordano, C., Roberto, S., Barbieri, C., Giroldi, L., Bandini, F., Masina, M., Malservisi, S., Cicognani, A., Ricca, L., Ricca, L., Piccininni, M., Tassinari, T., Brogi, D., Sugo, A., Alessandra, F., Sonia, M., Valerio, V., Andrea, U.C., Enrico, C., Vera, R.F., Assunta, S., Gianmaria, Z., Mauro, P., Pietro, B., Roberto, M., Salvatore, C., Barone, A., Razzano, M., Giuseppe, I., Angela, B., Francesco, S., D'Agostino, V., Federico, G., Lucia, P., Antonella, V., Di Cello, E., Cristina, C., Nadia, C., Maria, S., Luciano, A., Chiara, C., Bini, P., Pignata, M., Enrico, B., Maria, V., Giovanni, C., Giorgio, C., Andrea, T., Marco, M., Piera, R., Alberto, Z., Ceccon, A., Magrin, L., Marin, S., Barbara, S., Marco, M., Laura, G., Matteo, M., Marco, P., Caterina, P.M., Carla, R., Federica, G., Clara, T., Melania, C., Giampaolo, B., Stefano, G., Valeria, G., Lucia, M., Giovambattista, D., Ester, L., Cecilia, C.A., Maurizio, T., Vera, R.F., Nadia, B., Grillo, A., Arenare, F., Tonino, M., David, K., Giorgio, V.P., Ubaldo, B., Vincenzo, S., Stefano, M., Marino, F., Flavio, M.T.B., Paolo, A., Monica, M., Francesco, B., Roberto, F., Paolo, B., Durante-Mangoni, E., Testoni, M., Di Stefano, F., Loredana, S., Daniela, M., Valeria, S., Fabiano, M., Di Giorgio, A., De Cosmo, S., Greco, A., D'Onofrio, G., Daniele, S., Gianluca, R., Renzo, G., Sergio, M., Morena, B., Vitali, M., Marina, P., De Colle, P., Cristina, S., Alessandra, F., Orlandini, F., La Regina, M., Desirée, A., Mirella, F., Mario, B., Paola, P., Padulo, F., Cristina, M., Dario, R., Giancarla, M., Guido, R., Elena, M., Prete, C., Marileda, N., Igor, B., Nicole, B., Elena, R., Paolillo, C., Riccardi, A., Claudia, B., Barbara, R., Francesca, M., Silvia, V., Chiara, C., Oliver, B., Mauro, C., Eleonora, M., Giuseppe, P., Rosaria, T., Maria, C., Dell'Acqua, D., Stefania, C., Marco, C., Massimo, P., Luca, S., De Feo, M., Paola, V., Lia, S., Sandro, C., De Santis, V., Erminia, B., Paola, C., Romina, R., Minisola, S., Luciano, C., Pasquale, A., Ilaria, L., Francesca, C., Guglielmo, S., Marco, E., Sara, R., Paola, A., Claudio, A., Francesco, R., Alessandro, C., Simona, M., Lara, F., Paola, R., Simonetta, C., Antonella, C., Generoso, U., Fernando, G., Giuliano, C., Emanuela, S., Mariolina, S., Alessandro, D., Chiara, P., Giulia, L., Alessandro, G., Famularo, S., Sandini, M., Pinotti, E., Gianotti, L., Antonella, B., Giulia, P., Sante, G., Rossi, A., Rubele, S., Sant, S., Marco, V., Danila, C., Fabio, R., Bandirali, M.P., Nicoletta, C., Laura, B., Paolo, T., Luciano, T., Leonello, A., Margherita, S., De Notaris, S., Del Santo, P., Laura, R., Fabiana, T., Giovanna, C., Antonino, A., Felice, C., Giuseppe, B., Danilo, F., Di Bella, G., Francesco, L., Salini, S., Angela, B.M., Giorgetta, C., Giovanni, G., Paola, C., Gerardo, B., Silvio, R., Letizia, S., Sabrina, P., Davide, B., Rosaria, R.M., Maria, D.A., Raffaele, P., Palmieri, V.O., Palasciano, G., Belfiore, A., Portincasa, P., Carlo, S., Vincenzo, S., D'Introno, A., Valiani, V., Carolina, B., Tiziana, C., Giordano, C., Paola, T., Ugo, P., Federica, R., Giacomo, P., Castellano, M., Anna, G., Elisa, C., Federica, C., Antonietta, C.M., Luigi, M., Fabio, L., Salvatore, B., Giuseppe, M., Gelosa, G., Viviana, A.T., Piras, V., Andrea, C., Alessandra, B., Coen, D., Magliola, R., Milanesio, D., Muzzulini, C.L., Paolo, F., Marinella, T., Sofia, C.M., Marta, B., Siano, P., Capo, G., Napoletano, R., Cecilia, P., Mancini, C., Del Buono, C., De Bartolomeo, G., Addolorata, M., Carmen, C., Roberto, C., Giovanni, V.A., Moschettini, G., Franco M., Mulli, O.F., Daniela, R., D'Amico, G., Mirella, P., Endrizzi, C., Trotta, L., Ciarambino, T., Orazio, Z., Emanuela, T., Marta, S., Thomas, F., Giacomo, T., Di Fazio, I., Andrea, B., Giuseppe, O., Emanuela, F., Serena, A., D'Imporzano, E., Anna, C., Serena, B., Erika, N., Roberto, S., Elena, S., Manuela, P., Francesca, A., Angelo, T., Aloisi, G, Marengoni, A, Morandi, A, Zucchelli, A, Cherubini, A, Mossello, E, Bo, M, Di Santo, S, Mazzone, A, Trabucchi, M, Cappa, S, Fimognari, F, Incalzi, R, Gareri, P, Perticone, F, Campanini, M, Montorsi, M, Latronico, N, Zambon, A, Bellelli, G, and Faverio, P
- Subjects
Male ,diagnosis ,medications ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Aged, 80 and over ,Delirium ,Drug Prescriptions ,Female ,Hospital Departments ,Humans ,Prevalence ,Polypharmacy ,Prescription Drugs ,80 and over ,Medicine ,LS4_4 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Acute hospital ,media_common ,Confounding ,elderly patients, hip fracture, hospitalized patients, prediction rule, risk factor, dementia, events, medications, prevention, diagnosis ,risk-factor ,risk factor ,hip fracture ,Psychiatry and Mental Health ,medicine.symptom ,events ,Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,hospitalized-patients ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Socio-culturale ,elderly-patients ,elderly patients ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,Dementia ,Medical prescription ,prediction rule ,Aged ,business.industry ,hospitalized patients ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,dementia ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and delirium, the association of specific drug categories with delirium, and the differences in drug-delirium association between medical and surgical units and according to dementia diagnosis. Methods Data were collected during 2 waves of Delirium Day, a multicenter delirium prevalence study including patients (aged 65 years or older) admitted to acute and long-term care wards in Italy (2015-2016); in this study, only patients enrolled in acute hospital wards were selected (n = 4,133). Delirium was assessed according to score on the 4 "A's" Test. Prescriptions were classified by main drug categories; polypharmacy was defined as a prescription of drugs from 5 or more classes. Results Of 4,133 participants, 969 (23.4%) had delirium. The general prevalence of polypharmacy was higher in patients with delirium (67.6% vs 63.0%, P = .009) but varied according to clinical settings. After adjustment for confounders, polypharmacy was associated with delirium only in patients admitted to surgical units (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.1). Insulin, antibiotics, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, and atypical antidepressants were associated with delirium, whereas statins and angiotensin receptor blockers exhibited an inverse association. A stronger association was seen between typical and atypical antipsychotics and delirium in subjects free from dementia compared to individuals with dementia (typical: OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 2.94-6.31 without dementia vs OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19-2.26 with dementia; atypical: OR = 5.32; 95% CI, 3.44-8.22 without dementia vs OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.40 with dementia). The absence of antipsychotics among the prescribed drugs was inversely associated with delirium in the whole sample and in both of the hospital settings, but only in patients without dementia. Conclusions Polypharmacy is significantly associated with delirium only in surgical units, raising the issue of the relevance of medication review in different clinical settings. Specific drug classes are associated with delirium depending on the clinical setting and dementia diagnosis, suggesting the need to further explore this relationship.
- Published
- 2019
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