Search

This study examined the relationships between parental employment variables, mediating contextual variables, early adolescent's permissive sexual attitudes and behaviors, and gender role traditionalism among 128 rural adolescents. Permissive sexual attitudes were related to permissive sexual behavior, but neither was related to gender role traditionalism. No relationship was found between mothers' employment and adolescents' sexual attitudes and behaviors. Similarly, the sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and traditionalism of the adolescents in this sample were not related to the employment variables of their parents, regardless of whether these variables were examined in bivariate or multivariate fashion. Adolescents' ages and perceptions of peer pressure were both positively related to sexual permissiveness, although these relationships appeared to be mediated by general parent-adolescent communication and parentadolescent communication about human sexuality. The only communication variable related to an occupational variable was communication with father, which was positively correlated with fathers' occupational status.

(1997). Massachusetts Congregationalist Political Thought, 1760–1790: The Design of Heaven. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 61-62.

(1995). Congregational Communion: Clerical Friendship in the Anglo-American Puritan Community, 1610–1692. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 104-105.

The ability to detect ice on airplanes or roadways and land mines in fields of rubble would save many lives. Imaging polarimetry provides one basis for such detection methods. These and other applications are discussed in this article.

Summary A substantial association between marital communication and marital satisfaction has been demonstrated in much previous research. However, previous research has overlooked the possibility that positive regard might be able to explain much of that association. Using two samples from Kansas of 83 and 98 predominately white, middle-class couples, we compared the effects of partialling regard from the marital communication/marital satisfaction relationship with the effects of partialling communication variables from the regard/marital satisfaction relationship. Our results, which do not appear to be an artifact of marital social desirability, indicated that marital communication variables (empathy, congruence) do not explain variations in marital satisfaction as effectively as does positive regard. Thus, we infer that previous research may have overstated the importance of effective communication as an element of marital quality. Implications for the design of marital enrichment programs are also disc...

Gilbert's (1976) curvilinear model of marital satisfaction and self-disclosure is reinterpreted in terms of an interaction effect between quantity of self-disclosure and quality of self-disclosure. In rural and urban samples of marital couples, regression analyses yielded some support for a significant interaction effect but of a different form than expected. Especially for wives, combinations of low quantity and low quality were found to be extremely detrimental for marital satisfaction. Implications for family life education and marital therapy programs are discussed.

BARNES, HOWARD L., and OLSON, DAVID H. Parent-Adolescent Communication and the Circumplex Model. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1985, 56, 438-447. This study tested the relationship between parentadolescent communication and the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. While most studies of the Circumplex Model have focused on problem families, this study used fathers, mothers, and adolescents from 426 "normal" families. Family scores were developed and used to help describe the type of family system. Because of generational differences in terms of how parents and adolescents perceived their communication, separate analysis was done for each group. It was hypothesized that Balanced families (Circumplex Model) would have more positive parentadolescent communication than Extreme families. This hypothesis was clearly supported for the parents but not for the adolescents. In contrast to the conflicting findings using individual level analysis (parents and adolescents), the findings at the family level using discriminant analysis indicated a linear relationship between parent-adolescent communication and the Circumplex dimensions (cohesion, adaptability) and family satisfaction. Families with good parent-adolescent communication perceived themselves in terms of the Circumplex Model as higher on family cohesion, family adaptability, and family satisfaction.