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Batik industries have some positive impact on economic growth and socio-cultural development. However, they also produce wastewater in large quantities with high pH, containing biochemical oxygen demand, containing chemical oxygen demand and also have a substance of total suspended solid that do not meet quality standards and also could have negative impacts on the environment. Paoman village, Indramayu regency, is one of the batik small industries supporting economic and socio-cultural development in local communities, although there is an installations system of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The study aimed to identify priorities in wastewater management on batik industrial center based on environmental studies, economic studies and social factors in the local community and institutional aspects using analytical hierarchy process. The priorities were identified as follows: (1) application of WWTP systems and technologies for environmental aspect, (2) understanding the perceptions of batik small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for the social aspect, and (3) the cost of installation, operation and maintenance of WWTP for economic aspect.

Aim: To explore prevailing discourses on nursing competence in homecare nursing to boost understanding of practice within this field. Design: A qualitative study with a social constructivist perspective. Methods: Six focus-group interviews with homecare nurses in six different municipalities in Norway. Adapting a critical discourse analysis, data were linguistically, thematically and contextually analysed in the light of theories on competence, institutional logic and discourses. Results: The analysis found homecare nursing to be a diverse and contradictory practice with ever-increasing work tasks. Presented as binary oppositions, we identified the following prevailing discourses: individualized care versus organizing work; everyday-life care versus medical follow-up; and following rules versus using professional discretion. The binary oppositions represent contradictory requirements that homecare nurses strive to balance. The findings indicate that medical follow-up and organizational work have become more dominant in homecare nursing, leaving less time and attention paid to relational and everyday-life care.

Internationally, primary health care has in recent years gained a more central position in political priorities to ensure sustainable health care for the population. Thus, more people receive health care locally and in their own homes, where home‐care nursing plays a large role. In this article, we investigate how home‐care nursing is articulated and made visible in contemporary Norwegian policy documents. The study is a Fairclough‐inspired critical discourse analysis seeking to uncover the position of nursing in the prevailing political ideologies on current primary health care. In the documents, we identified several complementary and conflicting understandings about home‐care nursing. Home‐ care nursing is presented as a basic part of a municipality's health services, but at the same time, its content and contribution are unclear and almost invisible. We argue that the absence of nursing leads to significant perspectives being left out and tie this to the fact that some patient groups and tasks seem to be disadvantaged. The political placement of home‐care nursing in the health‐care landscape is thus not just about nursing as a professional practice but also concerns fundamental care values in our society in relation to disadvantaged groups and work tasks.

Indonesia developed the Smallholder Plantation Scheme (PIR) in the early 1980s, making smallholders an important part of the national scale. Increasing smallholder yields is an important instrument for increasing local income and livelihoods. However, small-scale oil palm expansion has problems with low productivity and quality of production. Therefore, to increase their productivity and improve their cultivation, this study measures the importance of planting behavior and specific treatment of farmers’ prosperity and productivity. To measure the possible significant differences between and within groups, a statistical approach, ANOVA, has been used while Spearman’s correlation matrix also has been used to measure the correlation between variables. This study finds that good seed treatment and adequate doses of fertilizer are important for farmers’ prosperity and productivity. Smallholder farmers have the least expenditure but the highest average production and income with the most extended growing age when compared with the other two groups of smallholder farmers. Even though the number of seeds used was the smallest, the success rate of smallholder planting was the highest. The optimal use of fertilizer and seed care alone is not significant enough to increase yields. It is a combination of other factors such as planting management practices, drainage capacity and soil substrate properties, climate characteristics, rainfall distribution, nutrient supply, and prevention of plant diseases and also determining maximum yield.

The status of the availability of water resources in DKI (Indonesia’s Special Region of) Jakarta has reached a critical phase. Determination of progressive tariffs by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in 2007 aimed to encourage water users to use water resources rationally and in a sustainable way. However, since the launch of the policy, there has been no evaluation to determine the effectiveness of these progressive tariffs. This research analysed empirical data to examine the effect of policy interventions on water use behaviour in DKI Jakarta. An analysis was carried out by calculating water usage before progressive tariffs were applied and comparing them to water use after the tariffs were applied. Another analysis calculated the number of customers before and after the implementation of progressive tariffs and compared the changes. The increase in water prices plotted are stated in nominal value by assuming the average level of inflation in Jakarta (especially the price of water) was nearly under 2 percent and the price of water was not controlled by the market mechanism The results of this study indicate that before progressive tariffs were applied, water consumption had declined despite an increase in the number of customers, however, water consumption increased after the implementation. This shows that progressive tariffs are effective instruments to distribute clean water access through cross-subsidies, however, it has no effect on consumption levels.

Batik industry is one of the industries that produces wastewater which contains harmful chemicals. In order to maintain the quality of the environment, it is necessary to have a wastewater management system. The region which has conducted the comunal waste management system is Kampoeng Batik Laweyan. However, this effort of waste management system has not optimal yet. The purpose of this paper is to analyze wastewater management system in Kampoeng Batik Laweyan. The approach of this paper is a quantitative approach, using mix-metode. The analysis of the wastewater management system has been done by assesing 4 aspects such as technical aspect, managerial aspect, economic aspect, and environmental aspect. The wastewater management system has provided good results in technical dan managerial aspects only. For the economic and the environment aspects need to be upgraded since they have not shown any important improvements. Through this paper it is expected to create a substantial improvement in economic and environmental aspects.Keyword: Batik waste, Laweyan, management, wastewater, WWTP.

Introduction: Dignity is a core value in nursing. Nursing education shall prepare students for ethical professional practice and facilitate insight into the phenomenon of dignity and its significance. There is limited knowledge about how nursing students discover dignity in their education. Research aim: The aim of the study is to develop an understanding of how nursing students discover and acquire dignity. Research design: The study has a hermeneutic approach where qualitative interviews of nursing students were employed. The process of interpretation was inspired by text of Fleming, Gaidys and Robbs. Participants and research context: Nineteen nursing students agreed to be included in the study, representing six different campuses at three different educational institutions. All were in the final year of their study. The interviews took place at the educational institutions. Ethical considerations: The educational institutions facilitated recruitment of the students who signed voluntarily for participation and continuous informed consent. The study was approved by The Norwegian Center of Reporting Data (NSD). The research recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. Findings: The nursing students discovered the expression and significance of dignity through experiences, gained through introspection and in interaction with others during the education. Discussion: The findings are discussed using Gadamer’s concept of experience and how experiences can create new insight. In particular, the students’ experiences with the inner ethical and external aesthetic dimension of dignity are discussed. Conclusion: The study shows that students discovered the inner ethical dignity through experiencing vulnerability, pride and shame. They discovered the external aesthetic dignity through incidents, where they experienced both to be confirmed and not to be confirmed, and through observation of good or bad role models. Crucial negative and positive experiences are important for discovering the expression and significance of dignity.

Buildings contribute to environmental degradation due to large energy usage and carbon emission production. Awareness to protect the environment, and reduce the impact of development, make the concept of sustainable development is applied through good planning by implementing sustainable design. As a planner of a building or even a region, architect needs to implement a sustainable design to reduce the damage caused by development. This study aims to analyze the awareness of the architect in applying sustainable design as an effort to protect the environment. The study was conducted using quantitative methods, by collecting data through questionnaires. The sampling technique is carried out by purposive sampling method. Purposive sampling is a technique for sampling data sources with certain considerations. The results have shown that there are influence between environmental awareness and green building knowledge, toward architect perception on green building implementation.

Concurrent delivery of multiple drugs using nanoformulations can improve outcomes of cancer treatments. Here we demonstrate that this approach can be used to improve the paclitaxel (PTX) and alkylated cisplatin prodrug combination therapy of ovarian and breast cancer. The drugs are co-loaded in the polymeric micelle system based on amphiphilic block copolymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline- block-2-butyl-2-oxazoline-block-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (P(MeOx-b-BuOx-b -MeOx). A broad range of drug mixing ratios and exceptionally high two-drug loading of over 50 wt.% drug in a stable micellar solution is demonstrated. The drugs co-loading in the micelles result in a slowed-down release to serum, improved pharmacokinetics and increased tumor distribution for both drugs. A superior anti-tumor activity of co-loaded PTX/CP drug micelles compared to single drug micelles or their mixture was demonstrated in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma A2780/CisR xenograft tumor and multidrug resistant breast cancer LCC-6-MDR orthotopic tumor models. The improved tumor delivery of co-loaded drugs was related to decreased drug release rates as confirmed by simulation for micelle, serum and tumor compartments in a three-compartmental model. Overall, the results provide support for the use of PTX and cisplatin co-loaded micelles as a strategy for improved chemotherapy of ovarian and breast cancer and potential for the clinical translation.

This study examines gender discrimination and the possibility that education is more important for signalling ability among women than men. As social networks tend to run along gender lines and managers in the labour market are predominantly male, it may be more difficult for women to signal their ability without college credentials. The Lang and Manove (Am Econ Rev 101(4):1467-1496, 2011) model of racial discrimination and educational sorting is applied to examine the gender gap in schooling attainment. The model is empirically estimated for whites, blacks and Hispanics separately, with the results among whites consistent with education being more valuable to women due to signalling. For 90% of the whites in the sample women choose a higher level of education, given their ability, than men. Women on average obtain 0.5-0.7 extra years of schooling compared to men with the same ability score.

While research on the World Heritage Convention has expanded tremendously in the last decade, little attention has been directed towards the research published by a handful of what can be character...

A principal objective of (Danish) schools is education for democracy through Bildung processes. Our thesis is that this objective can be fulfilled by means of play processes. Play, democracy and Bildung are closely connected as our several examples will make clear. In addition to play theories our arguments for this thesis are inspired by three philosophers: Nietzsche and his focus on (orderly) Apollonian and (disorderly) Dionysian aesthetic stylizing processes, which we interpret as vital regarding both play and human growth, Rancière and his understanding of and insight in the relation between democracy and aesthetics, which both relate to the ways in which divisions and subdivisions in the social realm take place; and Agamben and his critique of the way in which contemporary individuals are ascribed definite identities, thereby losing their freedom to play in not be pre-determined ways within the immediate social and symbolic (educational) order.

The type of septic tank material used can vary but must be impermeable to water. Septic tanks made of cast concrete but at the bottom are not cast and deliberately made seepage should not be used because they pollute from its seepage. The use of this particular material also directly impacts the service life and affects the performance of the septic tank even though there is no standard regarding its usage time limit. This research aims to identify the use of material and life service of the septic tank in Kelurahan Pademangan Barat, which is the area with the highest biological pollution of groundwater in the study conducted by BPLHD in 2015. The results of this research identified more than half of the respondents, as many as 65.99%, used septic tanks with partially cast concrete, 33.31% usefully cast material, and the rest from other types of materials. The highest yield was 29.60% had septic tanks that were more than ten years old. The rest is as much 22.66% not knowing the service life, 19.16% with service life 5-10 years of use, 11.53% with 3-5 years of use, and 17.06%, which are less than three years old.

Women and men have a role to be the connector of present-future generations. In SDGs 5, the country policy as a system has been allocating part of its plans for women and children’s welfare. This study examines the role of the government in allocating its policies along with the urgency to empower. This research is qualitative research with a qualitative approach. Data collected through literature studies and interviews with the informant, namely Assistant Deputy for Gender Equality and Infrastructure, the Indonesian Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection), then the data were analyzed descriptively. The result of this research is that the SDGs synergy has been implemented in the presidential program called Nawa Cita and the National Medium-Term Development Plan. According to the informant, the ministry as the coordinating minister that has specially designed seven programs for women’s empowerment and child protection, including in the fields of education, health, furthermore family development. It is shown in the gender empowerment index that every year increases accumulatively in Indonesia. In sum, the gender empowerment program design aims to increase the Gender Development Index in all regions in Indonesia and has been coordinated through the Government Work Plan.

This study aims to determine environmental conditions, environmental management, environmental management strategies of PT. X in controlling environmental pollution. This research was conducted at PT.X Cilegon Banten shipyard in marine ship repair activities. This research uses a quantitative approach with cross-sectional. The research method in analyzing this research is a mixed method with survey methods and laboratory analysis. Manage strategies using questionnaires and interviews. Environmental quality data analysis uses predetermined quality standards and management strategies use SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat). The results of environmental quality research of PT. X show the status of the environment that is heavily polluted to meet quality standards. The concentrations of heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn and Cu have exceeded the standard of quality at 3 stations and analysis of the quality of dust in the air in the shipyard area and around the shipyard occurs air pollution caused by the use of silica sand in the sandbalsting process. Evaluation of the company’s commitment in managing the work environment based on knowledge and attitudes is considered good by employees towards environmental management. The strategy carried out in environmental management at PT.X which was produced by researchers using the SWOT method, namely by increasing guidance and coordination in environmental management by forming an environmental division to reduce the impact of ship repair activities at the PT.X.

Changing people’s behavior is the main thing in household waste management. This paper examines people’s behavior and the factors that influence behavior change in household waste management in their homes. The research was conducted by conducting a study of household waste management in Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia, because it has heterogeneous community characteristics and a city with the most enormous waste generation in the world. Research focuses on indicators that include the perception, participation and acceptability of the community to influence people’s behavior in managing household waste in their homes. This study examined 548 members of the waste bank using a questionnaire to determine community behavior in household waste management. Based on the research results, it is known that the perception, participation and acceptability of the community are correlated with the quality of household waste management. Furthermore, community behavior changes can be carried out by increasing community perceptions, participation, and acceptability in household waste management.

This paper studies the heterogeneous effects of the birth control pill and abortion rights on young people's career plans. In particular, these effects are allowed to vary by sex, race, religion, and, importantly, by level of academic ability. Using annual surveys of over two million college freshmen from 1968 to 1976, I find that the pill mainly affected high ability women, by shifting their plans toward occupations with higher wages and higher male ratios. Abortion rights, in contrast, were mainly shown to affect women in the low ability group, with their plans shifting toward careers associated with lower income and lower prestige scores. My findings also suggest that the career plans of black males were positively affected by both increased access to the pill and abortions.

The poor solubility of paclitaxel (PTX), the commercially most successful anticancer drug, has long been hampering the development of suitable formulations. Here, we present translational evaluation of a nanoformulation of PTX, which is characterized by a facile preparation, extraordinary high drug loading of 50 % wt. and PTX solubility of up to 45 g/L, excellent shelf stability and controllable, sub-100 nm size. We observe favorable in vitro and in vivo safety profiles and a higher maximum tolerated dose compared to clinically approved formulations. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that the higher dose administered leads to a higher exposure of the tumor to PTX. As a result, we observed improved therapeutic outcome in orthotopic tumor models including particularly faithful and aggressive “T11” mouse claudin-low breast cancer orthotopic, syngeneic transplants. The promising preclinical data on the presented PTX nanoformulation showcase the need to investigate new excipients and is a robust basis to translate into clinical trials.

The subdistrict of Koja, North Jakarta is one of the settlement areas which is densely populated. The high-density level leads to poor environmental quality, especially in terms of cleanliness and sanitation that finally disturb residents’ health, such as suffering dengue fever in early 2019. The method of writing used in this study was based on a community empowerment program that focuses on social interventions, in the form of increasing the capacity of citizens in maintaining environmental hygiene and sanitation. The aim of this program was to form an independent community that is aware of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sanitation. Social interventions are actions that carried out by a person or group of intervening people with efforts to cause change. The stages that have to be done in the empowerment process are the Stage of Awareness and Formation of Behaviour, the Stage of Transformation and the Stage of Intellectual Ability Upgrading. The results of those stages can slowly provide a forum for the implementation of some materials in the previous workshop, so that they can directly apply it to create a Clean and Green environment in urban areas.

Nanoparticle-based systems for concurrent delivery of multiple drugs can improve outcomes of cancer treatments, but face challenges because of differential solubility and fairly low threshold for incorporation of many drugs. Here we demonstrate that this approach can be used to greatly improve the treatment outcomes of etoposide (ETO) and platinum drug combination ("EP/PE") therapy that is the backbone for treatment of prevalent and deadly small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A polymeric micelle system based on amphiphilic block copolymer poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline- block-2-butyl-2-oxazoline- block-2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (P(MeOx- b-BuOx- b-MeOx) is used along with an alkylated cisplatin prodrug to enable co-formulation of EP/PE in a single high-capacity vehicle. A broad range of drug mixing ratios and exceptionally high two-drug loading of over 50% wt. drug in dispersed phase is demonstrated. The highly loaded POx micelles have worm-like morphology, unprecedented for drug loaded polymeric micelles reported so far, which usually form spheres upon drug loading. The drugs co-loading in the micelles result in a slowed-down release, improved pharmacokinetics, and increased tumor distribution of both drugs. A superior antitumor activity of co-loaded EP/PE drug micelles compared to single drug micelles or their combination as well as free drug combination was demonstrated using several animal models of SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer.

The past 30 years have witnessed a radical shift in European politics, as new far-right wing parties have entered national parliaments. Driven by discontent, fear and the notion of cultural struggle, they have gradually come to twist the political conversation around their core issues. For many far-right parties, cultural heritage is one such issue. While this ought to put them on the radar of scholars studying heritage politics, the topic of far-right heritage policy remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to ignite this field of enquiry by taking a closer look at what far-right heritage policies actually look like. Focus is set on three Scandinavian far-right parties with seats in national parliaments: the Danish People’s Party, the Progress Party in Norway and the Sweden Democrats. By examining the notion of heritage put forth in their party manifestos and the heritage priorities expressed in their parliamentary budget proposals, we consider the weight of their rhetoric.

All activities in oil and gas have the potential to cause pollution, especially pollution caused by oil spill. By 2015 the total number of oil spills reached 875.38 barrels. The highest number is in 2013 with a total oil spill of 2071.37 barrels. There are several ways of tackling pollution due to oil spills, one of which is bioremediation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact and results of bioremediation applications for oil spills on the environment and bioremediation developments in Indonesia. With this research, it is expected to introduce bioremediation to the public and the upgrading knowledge about bioremediation which is still relatively new in Indonesia and able to offer an environmentally friendly solution in handling pollution caused by oil spill.

Increasing the number of ship repair that make improvements it can be ensured that the greater the level of pollution will occur. Facilities (Infrastructure) is very helpful to minimize the pollution that will occur when ship repair. If the conditions of Infrastructure make it possible to flourish nowadays, which will further improve environmental performance. Development to improve domestic shipyard Infrastructure sustainability is very importance since 20% of national ship repair is still undertaken in foreign shipyard. This indicates that the ability of national shipyards still need to be improved especially in the infrastructure and facilities sector as production supports. This paper used data sample was undertaken in State-Owned Shipyard industry located in North Jakarta. Data analysis was undertaken starting from the ship entry, repair process until the accomplishment of ship repair. This research is testing the chemical impacts with related chemical parameters around the shipyard. the results showed that dangerous chemical concentrations were located around the shipyard and threatened the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. there needs to be management of shipbuilding infrastructure management that can minimize hazardous waste, especially basic storage. Basically the improvement of shipyard infrastructure can be undertaken if the ship repair process keeps increasing.

The different interest among actors (government, society, and corporations) has become one of the causes of conflict in natural resources managements. In border areas, conflict arises because of abundant land availability and diverse natural resources that have a potency to be utilized for a variety of purposes.Meanwhile, the political ecology approach sees these differences of interest arise from economic, social, and political motives or it can be driven by an environmental control. Political ecology approach can help to illustrate the phenomenon, by linking the environmental condition to the process of the political economy. Political ecology becomes operational when it acts as an environmental policy and spur the government to act collaboratively with privates and communities. In addition, natural resources management must include the right and responsibilities in the future. To assuring the conflict of natural resources management at the border will not escalate, the approach of the security law need to be implemented at the border besides the welfare approach.

As one of the 10 most polluted rivers in the world, Citarum river pollution has become the world’s spotlight. The pollution that occurred along the Citarum River in West Java has been the concern of the local government. Pollution not only comes from a plant and household, but also from industries. In this study the authors use descriptive quantitative method, where researchers will describe and compare the existing variables to see the possibilities that arise. Variable used is the number of industries that exist and how the impact against BOD. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measuring instrument that is widely used to see the quality of oxygen levels in the water. In this paper shows that there is a possibility if BOD increases if the number of industries increases.

In the 1970s, the proportion of male college freshmen who planned to become teachers dropped from 15% to 3%, and that of female freshman from 45% to 12%. In this paper, I use nationally representative survey data on the career plans of college freshmen to look at the roles played by increased access to fertility controls and the unionization of the teaching sector, in the decline in the popularity of the teaching sector during this period. I find that the overall impact of these factors on men was small and insignificant, whereas early legal access to contraceptives increased women’s likelihood of planning to become teachers. Looking at the actual career outcomes of the same cohorts in the census data, I find that access to the pill had a negative impact on the share of men in teaching and positive impact on the share of women. I use information on high school grades and college selectivity in the freshmen surveys to separate students by academic ability in the analysis. I find that unionization had a negative impact on plans to become teachers among high-ability men and low-ability women. Increased access to the pill had a negative impact on the share of low-ability men who planned to teach and a positive impact on the share among low- and medium-ability women.

The aim of this study is to describe the experience of time as it presents itself at the place being situated when living with severe incurable disease and receiving palliative care. The empirical data consist of 26 open-ended interviews with 23 patients receiving palliative care at home, at a palliative day care; in a palliative bed unite in hospital or in a nursing home in Norway. A common meaning of a shifting space for living emerged from the analysis and was revealed through three different aspects: (i) Transition from a predictable to an unpredictable time: To live with severe incurable disease marks a transition to a changed life involving an ongoing weakened and altered body with bothersome symptoms making experience of time different and unpredictable. (ii) Transition between a safe and unsafe time: When time is unpredictable, feeling safe is revealed as essential to how time is experienced at the place being situated. (iii) To be in transition from a homely to a homeless existence. In a time of increased bodily weakness, unpredictable ailments and displacements the sense of belonging to the place is revealed as significant to the experience of time. Not knowing where to be in a time of change is like an existential cry of distress where the foothold in existence is lost. The findings are discussed and interpreted as an embodied experience originating from the passage of time continually affecting life sometimes so fundamentally that it marks a transition to a changed space of life that is reflected in the experience of time. acceptedVersion

Visualisations of land-use projects have become an important part of the planning process. Using a survey of heritage professionals’ attitudes towards visualisations as a starting point, this article addresses tensions between the expressed usefulness of visualisations and critical attitudes towards the lack of ‘objectivity’ of visual representation and the risk of manipulation for strategic purposes. Moving from the survey, the article discusses how visual representations of development proposals became part of a Norwegian public dispute over the expansion of a shopping centre in a historic town. Furthermore, our aim is to introduce a social semiotic approach for analysing visualisations at historic sites. Finally, we discuss some theoretical implications of negotiating visualisations, with emphasis on the recent debate about representational and non-representational theories in heritage studies. This is an [Original Manuscript] of an article published by Taylor & Francis in [International Journal of Heritage Studies] on [23 Sep 2017], available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13527258.2017.1378898

Kari Margrete Hjelle,1,2 Herdis Alvsvåg,3 Oddvar Førland,2,3 1Department of Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, and Radiography, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, 2Centre for Care Research Western Norway, Bergen University College, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, VID Specialized University, Bergen,Norway Background: Reablement is an early and time-limited home-based model of rehabilitation intervention with an emphasis on intensive, goal-oriented, and multidisciplinary assistance for persons experiencing functional decline. When rehabilitation in general takes place in the person’s own home, in contrast to an institution, relatives may have larger responsibilities in helping and supporting the family member. Although there is evidence, showing that family caregivers, such as spouses and children, experience burdens and demanding situations related to their caregiving role, there are currently few publications exploring relatives’ experiences of participating in reablement. The aim of our study was to explore and describe how relatives in a community setting in Norway experienced participation in the reablement process. Methods: Six relatives participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative systematic text condensation was used as the analysis strategy. Results: Five themes emerged that summarized the relatives’ experiences with reablement: 1)awish to give and receive information, wish to be involved; 2) wish to be a resource in reablement process; 3) conflicting expectations; 4) have more free time to themselves; and 5)alack of follow-up programs. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the involvement and collaborative process between health professionals, older adults, and relatives and have practical significance for health care services. To advance collaborative practices, the municipal health and social care services should consider establishing a system or a routine to foster this collaboration in reablement. Follow-up programs should be included. Keywords: family caregivers, involvement, system of collaboration, follow-up programs, conflicting expectations

Kari Margrete Hjelle,1,2 Olbjørg Skutle,2,3 Oddvar Førland,2,4 Herdis Alvsvåg4 1Department of Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Radiography, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; 2Centre for Care Research Western Norway, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; 3Department of Health and Social Educators, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; 4VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway Background: Reablement is an early and time-limited home-based rehabilitation intervention that emphasizes intensive, goal-oriented, and multidisciplinary assistance for people experiencing functional decline. Few empirical studies to date have examined the experiences of the integrated multidisciplinary teams involved in reablement. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore and describe how an integrated multidisciplinary team in Norway experienced participation in reablement.Methods: An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of health care professionals with a bachelor’s degree (including a physiotherapist, a social educator, occupational therapists, and nurses) and home-based care personnel without a bachelor’s degree (auxiliary nurses and nursing assistants) participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the resulting data.Results: Three main themes emerged from the participants’ experiences with participating in reablement, including “the older adult’s goals are crucial”, “a different way of thinking and acting – a shift in work culture”, and “a better framework for cooperation and application of professional expertise and judgment”. The integrated multidisciplinary team and the older adults collaborated and worked in the same direction to achieve the person’s valued goals. The team supported the older adults in performing activities themselves rather than completing tasks for them. To facilitate cooperation and application of professional expertise and judgment, common meeting times and meeting places for communication and supervision were necessary.Conclusion: Structural factors that promote integrated multidisciplinary professional decisions include providing common meeting times and meeting places as well as sufficient time to apply professional knowledge when supervising and supporting older persons in everyday activities. These findings have implications for practice and suggest future directions for improving health care services. The shift in work culture from static to dynamic service is time consuming and requires politicians, community leaders, and health care systems to allocate the necessary time to support this approach to thinking and working. Keywords: multidisciplinarity, rehabilitation, goal-setting, framework conditions, work culture, reablement

The research was carried out to assess the technology of laserpuncture for estrous synchronization of ewes in different phase reproduction. The results of the research showed that the treatment of laserpuncture at 17 reproduction accupoints during the luteal phase and at anytime perform 100% and 95% of oestrous, respectively. It indicates that the laserpunktur technology is capable to generates a synchronization of oestrus in ewes. There was no significant difference of oestrus response which observed from both of treatments at luteal phase or at any time. It is concluded that the laserpuncture technology is one of alternative technology for estrous synchronization beside hormone treatment.

The clinically and commercially successful taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel suffer from two major drawbacks, namely their very low aqueous solubility and the risk of developing resistance. Here, we present a method that overcomes both drawbacks in a very simple manner. We formulated 3rd generation taxoids, able to avoid common drug resistance mechanisms with doubly amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a safe and highly efficient polymer for the formulation of extremely hydrophobic drugs. We found excellent solubilization of different 3rd generation taxoids irrespective of the drug's chemical structures with essentially quantitative drug loading and final drug to polymer ratios around unity. The small, highly loaded micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 100 nm are excellently suited for parenteral administration. Moreover, a selected formulation with the taxoid SB-T-1214 is about one to two orders of magnitude more active in vitro than paclitaxel in the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line LCC6-MDR. In contrast, in wild-type LCC6, no difference was observed. Using a q4d × 4 dosing regimen, we also found that POx/SB-T-1214 significantly inhibits the growth of LCC6-MDR orthotropic tumors, outperforming commercial paclitaxel drug Taxol and Cremophor EL formulated SB-T-1214.

This paper is based on Community Engagement Grants program which developed through stakeholder cooperation method. It means the involvement and participation of Pesantren community and the peoples around it as well as the institutions whose have aim related with the program try to realizegood environmental health for communities around it. Through empowerment approach which positioning Pesantren community, local people, and related institutionas a subject, the moral and religion values in Pesantren into moral value of environmental sensein form of value and knowledge that should be improved for the better environment health. Environmental development engagement could be done through two kinds of approaches. First is by project approach and the second is motivation approach or it could be both of them in integrated way. The second approach (motivation), although relatively spend longer time, it will effected more positive because the target will gradually change their attitude and behavior in persuasive manner. The behavior of ignoring environmental problem will turn into dynamically attitudes that will always grow and culminate in stability of environmental engagement

Definition, types, frequency, psychological effects, and etiology of impotence are presented as background for effective hypnotherapy of this sexual dysfunction. Using a hypnoanalytic approach, unconscious inhibitions are uncovered; emotions of fear, anxiety, guilt, and/or anger are detected and released; sexual stimuli and situations are positively reinterpreted; and ego strengthening suggestions are given as illustrated in a case where potency was established.

300 male Ss were somatotyped and then given Cattell's 16 Personality Factor test. Somatotype and 16 PF scores were then correlated. Coefficients were low and tended to be non-significant.

The present study examined the relationship between masculinity-femininity and personality. 213 male volunteers were administered a test battery including the Strong Vocational Interest Blank, the Sixteen Factor Personality Questionnaire, the General Aptitude Test Battery, and the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values. Measures of masculinity-femininity derived from the Strong differentially related to personality, values, and general aptitudes. While masculinity was associated with aloofness, unpretentiousness and a tough poise, it was also associated with guilt proneness, anxiety, and neurotic tendencies.

A relationship between reaction time (RT) and the repression-sensitization personality dimension (R-S), as described by Byrne ( 1961, 1964), has been postulated. King and Prestholdt (1969) found that the decision latency was greater for sensitizers in a highconflict situation. Similarly, Dublin (1968) reported that sensitizers take longer than repressors to respond to questions or material from projective (inkblot) and objective tests. However, Spivak (1965) found no difference between repressors and sensitizers on differential recognition thresholds for tachistoscopically presented neutral and emotionally toned words. These discrepant findings may reflect confounding of ideational with psychomotor reaction time. To clarify this issue, the relation of a purely psychomomr task (King, 1954) to R-S was examined. To I06 randomly selected male VA paciencs the embedded form of the R-S scale, taken from the MMPI, and the psychomotor task were adminisrered (Sandman, Cauthen, Kilpatrick, & Deabler, 1968). Random presentation of a buzzer or bell was the stimulus for RT. Ss with R-S scores in the top and bottom 27% of the distribution were defined as sensitizers (raw score > 71) and repressors (raw score < 44), respectively, and compared for RT. The data (Table 1) indicate that the two groups did not differ significantly TABLE 1