1. Purcell gain equalized zero-mode waveguide.
- Author
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Liu, Tang-Chun, Yu, Wen-Hsiang, Tseng, Chung-Kai, Thakur, Diksha, and Tai, Chao-Yi
- Subjects
- *
MAXWELL equations , *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields , *SINGLE molecules - Abstract
We refresh the design of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) by introducing metamaterials that makes the zeroth order resonant mode existence. Of particular importance, the resulting electromagnetic field exhibits nearly constant distribution but not a trivial solution of Maxwell's equation, showing great advantage to equalize the excitation rate of molecules throughout the waveguides. A closed form expression for the wave impedance is derived which is verified by the finite-difference time-domain simulations. Benefitted from the cavity Purcell effect which is lacking in existing ZMWs, fluorescence amplification and lifetime reduction are simultaneously enhanced. A practical design where the excitation volume reduced down to sub-zeptoliter and the fluorescence lifetime shortened to picosecond scale is illustrated. This result makes single molecule real time (SMRT) sensing of biochemical reactions at biophysically relevant concentrations (~ μM) possible, combining off-the-shelf ultrafast lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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