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1. Maxillary sinus augmentation procedures through equine-derived biomaterial or calvaria autologous bone: immunohistochemical evaluation of OPG/RANKL in humans.

Author

Tetè S, Vinci R, Zizzari VL, Zara S, La Scala V, Cataldi A, Gherlone E, and Piattelli A

Subjects
Animals, Bone Substitutes chemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 biosynthesis, Transplantation, Autologous, Transplantation, Heterologous, Bone Substitutes administration & dosage, Gene Expression Regulation, Horses, Maxilla abnormalities, Maxilla metabolism, Maxilla pathology, Maxilla surgery, Osteoprotegerin biosynthesis, RANK Ligand biosynthesis, Skull chemistry
Abstract

Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for bone regeneration, even if different heterologous bone substitutes have been proposed to overcome the limits related to its use. The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the molecular events switched on by autologous or heterologous bone graft insertion, focusing on TGFβ1 expression and OPG/RANKL ratio, to analyze resorption process, and estimating graft vascularization, new bone tissue deposition and its mineralization, through VEGF, BSP and SPARC expression evaluation, respectively. Patients needing pre-prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla were treated using an equine-derived biomaterial (Group 1) or calvaria autologous bone (Group 2), according to the morphology of the bone defect. Bone graft integration was evaluated on bone samples obtained from the treated areas at the moment of dental implant insertion, by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses for TGFβ1, OPG, RANKL, VEGF, BSP, and SPARC expression. Morphological analysis shows the presence of biomaterial residual granules in Group 1, in parallel to a good integration between graft and host tissue. Moderate TGFβ1 expression is seen in both Group 1 and Group 2. OPG/RANKL ratio appear higher in Group 1; VEGF expression appears very strong in Group 1 and strong in Group 2, while BSP and SPARC expression results weak in Group 1 and moderate in Group 2. Results reveal the good integration between both types of graft and the host tissue, even though autologous graft seems to produce a faster regenerative process, as evidenced by the different expression of the investigated molecules. According to these observations, the clinical use of heterologous particulate equine-derived biomaterial may ensure long-term predictability of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, comparable to that obtained with autologous bone graft.

Published
2013
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2. Maxillary sinus augmentation procedures through equine-derived biomaterial or calvaria autologous bone: immunohistochemical evaluation of OPG/RANKL in humans

Author

V. La Scala, Stefano Tetè, Vincenzo Luca Zizzari, Adriano Piattelli, A. Cataldi, Raffaele Vinci, Enrico Gherlone, Susi Zara, Tetè, S, Vinci, Raffaele, Zizzari, Vl, Zara, S, La Scala, V, Cataldi, A, Gherlone, FELICE ENRICO, and Piattelli, A.

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biomaterial resorption, Histology, calvaria, medicine.medical_treatment, Transplantation, Heterologous, Biophysics, Dentistry, Calvaria, Bone tissue, Transplantation, Autologous, osteoconduction, OPG/RANKL ratio, biomaterial resorption, integration bone graft, calvaria, equine-derived biomaterial, integration bone graft, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, OPG/RANKL ratio, Osteoprotegerin, medicine, Maxilla, Animals, Humans, Horses, Bone regeneration, Dental implant, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Original Paper, biology, business.industry, RANK Ligand, Skull, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Resorption, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, osteoconduction, Gene Expression Regulation, lcsh:Biology (General), RANKL, equine-derived biomaterial, Bone Substitutes, biology.protein, Female, business
Abstract

Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for bone regeneration, even if different heterologous bone substitutes have been proposed to overcome the limits related to its use. The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the molecular events switched on by autologous or heterologous bone graft insertion, focusing on TGFβ1 expression and OPG/RANKL ratio, to analyze resorption process, and estimating graft vascularization, new bone tissue deposition and its mineralization, through VEGF, BSP and SPARC expression evaluation, respectively. Patients needing pre-prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla were treated using an equine-derived biomaterial (Group 1) or calvaria autologous bone (Group 2), according to the morphology of the bone defect. Bone graft integration was evaluated on bone samples obtained from the treated areas at the moment of dental implant insertion, by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses for TGFβ1, OPG, RANKL, VEGF, BSP, and SPARC expression. Morphological analysis shows the presence of biomaterial residual granules in Group 1, in parallel to a good integration between graft and host tissue. Moderate TGFβ1 expression is seen in both Group 1 and Group 2. OPG/RANKL ratio appear higher in Group 1; VEGF expression appears very strong in Group 1 and strong in Group 2, while BSP and SPARC expression results weak in Group 1 and moderate in Group 2. Results reveal the good integration between both types of graft and the host tissue, even though autologous graft seems to produce a faster regenerative process, as evidenced by the different expression of the investigated molecules. According to these observations, the clinical use of heterologous particulate equine-derived biomaterial may ensure long-term predictability of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, comparable to that obtained with autologous bone graft.

Published
2013

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