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Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of R.A.R.E - Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie is the property of Association Roussillonnaise d Entomologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of the Sociology of Language is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unlike numerous traditions, poetic inspiration of Moorish poets is not spiritual but carnal because it takes root in the desire for a woman, who taste like Baudelaire's Fleurs du mal. Love poems find their reason in the context of their production. In this case, the decisive moment of the meeting and the long-lasting impression it leaves on the poet. Love poems are not the privilege of a handful, they are primarly composed in the specific Arabic dialect (assāniyya), with the aim of reaching the woman's heart, like Bedouin Arabic pre-islamic poetry. So her first name, her body, her qualities and defects, from erotised become poetised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neonatal and infant hydrocephalus is an important factor for mortality and morbidity in developing countries with limited diagnostic and therapeutic means. The purpose of this study was to report our experience in the management of this disease in Mauritania. We conducted a retrospective study of 126 medical records of newborns aged 0-24 months treated for hydrocephalus in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Nouakchott National Hospital from June 2014 to June 2018. Mean follow-up time was 15 months (9-27 months). The average age of patients was 5 months (2 days-20 months). Highest prevalence was observed among female babies (sex ratio 0.77). Our case series consisted of 45 newborns (35.7%) and 81 infants (64.3%). A history of infection during pregnancy was found in 19.8% of cases and neonatal infection in 23.8% of cases. Clinically, 87.3% had macrocephalus, 35.7% had psychomotor retardation and 15.8% refused to suckle. The main cause was myelomeningocele (23.8%), followed by meningitis (15.8%). Ventriculoperitoneal derivation (VPD) was the first-line treatment in newborns (68.8%), while endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy (EDV) was the preferred approach in infants (74.1%). Overall complication rate was 26.1% (57.6% for VPD and 4.1% for EDV). Hydrocephalus is the most common disease treated by paediatric neurosurgeons in Africa. Management is usually delayed, hence the importance of prevention, especially of neural tube defects and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: in the face of environmental and climatic changes both ongoing and planned, the epidemiology of malaria in the city of Kaedi (Mauritania), along the Senegal River Valley, requires special attention. Some cases of malaria have been registered in the health facilities throughout the year, with an average of 150,000 annual suspected cases and climatic and ecological conditions which are now favorable for seasonal transmission. Methods: we conducted two cross-sectional descriptive surveys in the city of Kaedi in September 2014 (wet season) and in May 2015 (dry season). Our cluster sampling involved 700 households. Microscopic examination was performed in all household members. Furthermore, larval surveys, early morning wildlife spraying and nocturnal traps breaking were performed. Results: during both seasons, 9.313 thick smears were manufactured, 15 were positive, with a plasmodium prevalence rate of 0.16%. Among these, 12 were positive in the dry season and 3 in the rainy season. Plasmodium prevalence rate was 0.26% and 0.06% respectively in the dry season (n = 4642) and in the wet season (n = 4671). In the rainy season, rates were 0.04% (2/4671) and 0.02% (1/4671) respectively for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum. The only species found in the dry season was Plasmodium falciparum. Entomological investigations showed the presence of a single species of Anopheles mosquito, Anopheles gambia (two in the rainy season and six in the dry season). Larval surveys showed that the larval fauna was dominated by Culex larvae (99.6%). Anopheles larvae (0.4%) were collected only during the dry season. Conclusion: despite low malaria transmission in the city of Kaedi, in a context of lack of rainfall, health authorities should implement a strategy for malaria elimination in the wilayas of the Senegal River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Cette étude a porté sur la prévalence de la schistosomiase urinaire chez 307 écoliers âgés de 7 à 17 ans au niveau de différentes écoles de quatre localités de la région de Rosso. Parmi eux, 17,6 % (n = 54) avaient une hématurie et 15,6 % (n = 48) étaient porteurs d'œufs de Schistosoma haematobium. Selon le quartier, les taux de prévalence d'infection les plus élevés (p = 0,003) étaient observés chez les écoliers dans les quartiers de Breun (19,7 % ± 0,09), de Tounguen (18,6 % ± 0,08) et de PK 7 (18,4 % ± 0,08). Les taux d'hématurie et les charges parasitaires des écoliers étaient comparables pour l'âge et le sexe (p > 0,05). Les écoliers dans le quartier de Demeldek étaient significativement moins infectés que ceux des autres quartiers (5,3 % ± 0,11 ; p = 0,003). La charge parasitaire était comprise entre six et 15 œufs par 10 mL d'urine. Les prospections malacologiques effectuées au niveau des points d'eau de chaque site ont mis en évidence la présence des espèces suivantes : Bulinus truncatis , Bulinus forskalii , Lymnaea natalanis , Biomphalariae feifferi et Melanoides tuberculata. Ces résultats montrent que la schistosomose pose un problème de santé publique dans la région. Pour éradiquer cette parasitose, il faudra approfondir les études malacologiques et conjuguer plusieurs actions de prévention. This study assessed the prevalence of schistosomiasis among 307 schoolchildren aged from 7 to 17 years at various schools in four districts in the Rosso region. Hematuria was observed among 17.5% (54/307) and Schistosoma hematobium eggs were found among 15.6% (48/307). We observed the highest prevalence rates (P = 0.003) among schoolchildren in the districts of Breun (19.75% ± 0.09), Tounguen (18.66% ±0.08) and PK 7 (18.42 % ±0.08). The statistical analysis showed that the differences in the prevalence, hematuria rate, and parasite load did not differ significantly by the schoolchildren's age and sex (P > 0.05). Schoolchildren in Demeldek were significantly (P = 0.003) less infested (5.33% ± 0.11) than those in the other districts. The parasite load ranged from 6 to 15 eggs/10 ml of urine. The malacological investigations conducted at the water points of each village visited showed the presence of Bulinus truncatis, Bulinus forskalii, Lymnaea natalanis, Biomphalariae feifferi and Melanoides tuberculata. These results show that schistosomiasis poses a public health problem in the region. To eradicate this parasitosis, it will be necessary to conduct more detailed malacological studies and combine several types of preventive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are observed during hospital consultations in Nouakchott. The objective of our study is to collect all cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nouakchott and to study its epidemiological and clinico-biological characteristics. Method: This is a prospective multicenter descriptive study conducted in two specialized hospital departments in Nouakchott from September 1st, 2016 to the end of October 2017. All patients with suspicious lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis during this period were selected. Parasitological skin sampling, PCR and histology have been performed to patients. Results: Twenty one out of 9000 patients were diagnosed during the study period, with an average age of 23 years (ranging from 3 to 70 years). A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 2/1. The most frequent locations are the discovered parts of the body (the 4 members). The ulcero-crusty form is encountered in 2/3 of the cases. L. major is more frequently identified (61.9%) followed by L infantum in 23.8% of cases. Meglume Antimoniate was administered intralesionally in 57.1% of patients. In Nouakchott, cutaneous leishmaniasis is not uncommon. The cases observed are related to an origin or a stay in the southern regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the south-west of Mauritania, the present provinces of Brakna and Trarza stem from the history of the pre-colonial emirates of the same names. This paper quotes the few but various data at our disposal concerning the landscape history and vegetation and climate evolution during the last centuries. We propose a diachronic approach of this area, to identify the part of the heritage in the current landscape and usefully enlighten environmental and development issues. We can thus identify the main features of the precolonial landscapes of this region as well as the historical roots of the production systems and put into perspective their recent evolutions. Beyond its historical interest, this knowledge can also be one of the grounds of the current environmental approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant Melanoma is a malignancy of pigmented-producing cells (melanocytes). Acral melanoma is located on non-hair bearing skin of palms and soles or under the nail bed. This histological subtype is often described in darker skin. Patients commonly display advanced stage of disease at presentation. This leads, inevitably, to poor disease prognosis. The functional requirement together with the wide excision in the foot makes treatment of melanomas a challenging for the surgeons. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical, pathological, surgical and follow-up data of 12 acral melanoma cases in the foot. Three patients whose records contained insufficient information were excluded. Results: The mean age was 65 years (43-70years). 5 patients were female and 4 were male. The heel was the most commonly involved location with 50% of the patients. Clark's Level showed advanced stages IV and V with more than 88, 88% of the patients. Wide excision until the plantar fascia was performed in all patients (9 cases) and for metastatic sentinel nodes; complete lymphadenectomy was performed in 2cases. Lymphadenectomy of retroperitoneal nodes was made in 1 case; resection of crural metastasis was done in 2 cases. In Postoperative coverage: primary closure was feasible (n=2), skin graft (n=2) and spontaneous wound healing (n=5). Conclusion: Acral melanoma is the commonest melanoma in our practice. Most of the cases presented with advanced stage disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningiomas are frequently encountered tumours in neurosurgery. However, there is a paucity of data concerning their epidemiology, their clinical characteristics and their treatment compared to gliomas. This study aims to identify the epidemiological profile and to assess the quality of treatment of intracranial meningiomas (ICM) at the National Hospital Center in Nouakchott, Mauritania. We conducted a retrospective study of patients who had undergone surgery for the treatment of ICM between September 2013 and September 2016. Thirty-two patients had undergone surgery for the treatment of ICM (26.6%). The average age was 45.12 (± 13.8 years) among whom 75% were women. The average length of stay in hospital had been 13 days (± 7 days). The mean time between symptom onset and diagnosis had been 10 months (±5months). The mean size of ICM had been 5.07cm (±2.00cm) ranging from 2.5cm to 10.5cm. Complementary MRI had been performed in 46.8% of patients after brain CT scan. In our series, 38% of ICM had grown on brain convexity. The mean surgical time had been 23.91 days (±17days). The quality grade of surgical resection assigned according to Simpson score was Grade I (66%), Grade II (19%), Grade III (6%), Grade IV (9%). The histological grade assigned according to the 2007 WHO classification was Grade I (93%), Grade II-III (7%). The overall operative mortality was (n=3, 9.4%). The development of technical equipment in the department of neurosurgery, radiology and of equipment in anesthesia and intensive care will contribute to improve outcomes and to reduce mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 15th century onwards, a network of Muslim scholarly communities developed in the western and central parts of the Sahara, covering present‐day southern Algeria, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Niger. The massive diffusion of Islamic literate culture led to the constitution of a rich tradition of scholarship that materialized in various types of texts: doctrinal treatises, biographical dictionaries, chronicles, commentaries, poetry, and, most important, comprehensive fatwa collections. In the last decades, increasing academic attention has been given to this astonishing cultural heritage of the people of the great desert. This article intends to give a short survey of works and research orientations, focusing on projects of identification and edition of Arabic manuscripts and on the mobilization of Muslim scholarly writing as a source for social and cultural history. Résumé: Depuis la fin du Moyen Âge, les sociétés nomades et sédentaires de l'espace sahélo-saharien ont été travaillées en profondeur par la diffusion à grande échelle d'un Islam savant et normatif. La constitution d'une classe de lettrés musulmans s'est accompagnée du développement d'importantes traditions littéraires. Tout en couvrant l'ensemble des disciplines et des genres du curriculum de l'époque, celles-ci se distinguent par un intérêt marqué pour l'étude du droit, ce dont témoigne en particulier l'essor remarquable des recueils de fatwas (nawāzil, ajwiba) à partir de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'héritage littéraire des peuples du grand désert fait l'objet d'une attention croissante de la part d'une nouvelle génération de chercheurs procédant à une réévaluation de la place de l'Islam dans l'histoire de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'objectif de cet article est de proposer un aperçu sur les principaux travaux et axes de recherche, en mettant l'accent sur les projets d'identification et d'édition de manuscrits arabes et sur la mobilisation de la littérature savante musulmane comme source pour écrire l'histoire sociale et culturelle de la région. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risque associés de la candidose vulvo-vaginale chez les femmes enceintes en Mauritanie. Patients et méthode L’étude s’est déroulée au niveau du laboratoire du centre hospitalier Mère et Enfant de Nouakchott, du 1 er novembre 2016 au 5 février 2017. Elle a concerné toutes les femmes enceintes en troisième trimestre venues en consultation prénatale au niveau du service de gynécologie et adressées au laboratoire pour suspicion de candidose vulvo-vaginale. Ces femmes ont toutes donné leur consentement éclairé sous forme écrite. Après avoir rempli le questionnaire en vu de recueillir les données épidémiologiques et cliniques, un prélèvement a été effectué pour la réalisation d’un examen direct à l’état frais et d’une culture sur milieu de Sabouraud additionné de chloramphénicol. Résultat Deux cent femmes enceintes ont été incluses dans l’étude. La culture sur milieu Sabouraud-Chloramphénicol a été positif chez 52 patientes, se qui correspond à une prévalence de 26 %. Le test de filamentation a été positif pour 61,5 % des Candida isolés. Les signes cliniques de la CVV ont été dominés par les leucorrhées (56 %), les douleurs pelviennes (25 %) et les prurits vulvaires (11 %). Parmi les femmes présentant une culture positive à Candida , 55,76 % avaient reçu un traitement antifongique par voie locale sous forme d’ovule durant la grossesse. Conclusion Cette étude montre que la candidose vulvo-vaginale est fréquente chez les femmes enceintes suivies en gynécologie au niveau du centre hospitalier Mère et Enfant de Nouakchott. Aim To determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnant women in Mauritania. Patients and method The study was carried out at the laboratory of the Mère et Enfant Center in Nouakchott, from November 1, 2016 to February 5, 2017. It concerned all pregnant women in the third trimester that came to the natal consultation at the gynecology service. These women must have given their informed consent in written form. After completing the survey to collect epidemiological and clinical data, a sample was collected to perform fresh direct examination and culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media. Results Two hundred pregnant women were included in the study. Culture on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol media was positive in 52 patients corresponding to a prevalence of 26%. The germ tube test was positive for 61.5% of isolated Candida . Clinical signs are dominated by leucorrhea (56%), pelvic pain (25%) and vulvar pruritus (11%). Among women with positive culture, 55.76% had received local antifungal treatment in the form of an ovula during pregnancy. Conclusion This study shows that vulvovaginal candidiasis is frequent in pregnant women attending gynecology at the Mère et Enfant Hospital Center in Nouakchott. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. Cerebral tuberculomas is a tuberculous granulation tissue mass restrained and limited by immune defenses of the host. This study aims to describe the characteristics and the evolutionary profile of intracranial tuberculomas in Mauritania. Data of 34 patients with intracranial tuberculoma were collected retrospectively in several hospitals in the city of Nouakchott between January 2005 and June 2017. Evolutionary features of patients under treatment were analyzed. Our retrospective study involved 20 men and 14 women (sex ratio 1.4). The average age of our patients was 28.7 years. Twelve patients were less than or equal to 16 years. Symptomatology was dominated by increased intracranial pressure and seizures in 27 cases (79.41%) and 20 cases (58.82%) respectively. Intradermo tuberculin reaction was positive in 14 (41.17%) cases. Supratentorial lesion was found in 24 patients (70.58%). In all patients, therapeutic approach was based on multidrug chemotherapy for a period greater than or equal to 12 months. Surgical procedure was performed in 12 patients (35.29%). Outcome was favorable with complete healing without sequelae in 23 cases, reflecting a rate of 67.64%. Given the nonspecific role of imaging exams in the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma and the lack of the stereotactic biopsy in our Country where the disease is endemic, we recommend to perform a two-month therapeutic test in patients with suspicious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study aiming to identify risk factors associated with G6PD deficiency, its frequency and geographic distribution in Nouakchott, in order to provide useful informations to monitor it. As this disease has never previously been studied in Mauritania, we tried to define the epidemiological profile and the burden of morbidity related to G6PD deficiency in a newborn population in two health structures in the city of Nouakchott. Methods: This study was conducted in two hospitals in Nouakchott, at the Maternity and Infant Hospital and at the Health Center in Sebkha between August and October 2015. A sampling of 523 newborns having different sexes was enrolled in the study. Screening was based on BinaxNow G6PD test, followed by quantitative confirmation in positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20. Results: G6PD deficiency was higher in male newborns (15% vs 7% p = 0.007) and, in particular, in black children (15% vs 8% p = 0.001). The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the study population was 11.09% (58/523). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study on G6PD deficiency in the Mauritanian population. It provides important informations on the epidemiological features of G6PD deficiency in the region of Nouakchott. A degree of variability exists in the occurrence of G6PD deficiency in the ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arbovirus caused by an RNA virus belonging to family Bunyaviridae (genus phlebovirus). It is a zoonosis that primarily affects animals but it also has the capacity to infect humans, either by handling meat, runts of sick animals or, indirectly, by the bite of infected mosquitoes (Aedes sp, Anopheles sp, Culex sp). In most cases, RVF infection in humans is asymptomatic, but it can also manifest as moderate febrile syndrome with a favorable outcome. However, some patients may develop hemorrhagic syndrome and/or neurological damages with a fatal evolution. We present a case study of the development of 5 patients with RVF associated with hemorrhagic fever syndrome admitted to the internal medicine department at National Hospital Center in Nouakchott (Mauritania), in October 2015. The outcome was favorable for two of the five patients. The other 3 died, two of hemorrhagic shock and one of septic shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Staphilococcus aureus is a leading pathogen for humans causing a variety of infections such as skin, urinary tract and lung infections as well as sepsis. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of community-acquired strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from various pathological products, compared with major antibiotics used in Nouakchott Region (Mauritania). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 281 strains of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various pathological products from non-hospitalized patients in the National referral hospital laboratory and in two private laboratories in the city of Nouakchott between January 2014 and August 2015. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion method using agar containing Mueller-Hinton medium according to CA-SFM's recommendations. Results: The resistance rate to penicillin G was high (96-100%). Community-acquired MRSA rate was between 25 and 26% in suppurations, 34.3% in urine cultures and 28% in sperm cultures. Macrolide-Lincosamyne-streptogramins (MLS) resistance, giving rise to the phenotype MLSb inducible, was found in 6% of urinary strains and 27% of strains isolated from suppurations. The activity of aminoglycosides was variable, amikacin was active against all strains. Cotrimoxazole activity was low (77% had resistance) and no vancomycin resistance was reported. Conclusion: The activity of penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated in Nouakchott region is almost zero and community-acquired MRSA rate is high, accounting for 34%. This could be explained by uncontrolled use of these molecules in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Animal Genetic Resources is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Africain D'Hépato-Gastroentérologie is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the complications of AD in Mauritania, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among women in the CHN consultant of Dermatology Department of Nouakchott from July to September 2012. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of complications of AD. Of the 394 patients who consulted during the study period, we identified 164 users of depigmentation products. The average age of users of AD is 30.38 years, ranging from 13 to 70 years. The levels of study are most represented 40.2% in the primary and secondary in 41.5%. The majority of users are white Moorish ethnic group in 34.8% followed by 26.8% in Fulani ethnic group. 56% of patients are married singles followed in 24%. 52% of married patients say their spouses disapprove of this practice. 49.4% of patients are involved in the AD to be beautiful. 96.3% of these users had one or more complications. Complications noted during this study type dermatophytes (30.5%), superficial or deep folliculitis (7.9%), bacterial dermohypodermitis (erysipelas: 2.4%), exogenous ochronosis (26, 2%), black spots (83.5%). The main motivation is aesthetic (49.4%). Among users, 73.8% know the side effects without this discourage this practice. Most often these side effects do not motivate a consultation and are well tolerated by patients who accept them as ransom AD. Despite the high prevalence of light-skinned subjects Mauritania AD remains a common practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France is the property of Societe Zoologique de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)