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Approximate controllability of the Euler equations is investigated by means of a finite set of actuators. It is proven that approximate controllability holds if we can find a saturating subset of actuators. The notion of saturating set is relaxed when compared to previous literature, so that a weaker sufficient condition for approximate controllability is provided. The result holds for general bounded two-dimensional spatial domains with smooth boundary.

A receding horizon control framework is coupled with a Luenberger observer to construct an output-based control input stabilizing parabolic equations. The actuators and sensors are indicator functions of small subdomains, representing localized actuation and localized measurements. It is shown that, for a class of explicitly given sets of actuators and sensors, we can guarantee the stabilizing property of the constructed input. Results of numerical simulations are presented validating the theoretical findings., Comment: 9 figures, 22 subfigures

It is shown that a switching control involving a finite number of Dirac delta actuators is able to steer the state of a general class of nonautonomous parabolic equations to zero as time increases to infinity. The strategy is based on a recent feedback stabilizability result, which utilizes control forces given by linear combinations of appropriately located Dirac delta distribution actuators. Then, the existence of a stabilizing switching control with no more than one actuator active at each time instant is established. For the implementation in practice, the stabilization problem is formulated as an infinite horizon optimal control problem, with cardinality-type control constraints enforcing the switching property. Subsequently, this problem is tackled using a receding horizon framework. Its suboptimality and stabilizabilizing properties are analyzed. Numerical simulations validate the approach, illustrating its stabilizing and switching properties., Comment: 27 pages; 6 figures (21 subfigures)

Optimal control problems of tracking type for a class of linear systems with uncertain parameters in the dynamics are investigated. An affine tracking feedback control input is obtained by considering the minimization of an energy-like functional depending on a finite ensemble of training/sample parameters. It is computed from the nonnegative definite solution of an associated differential Riccati equation. Simulations are presented showing the tracking performance of the computed input for trained as well as untrained parameters., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures

Exponential stabilization to time-dependent trajectories for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is achieved with explicit feedback controls. The fluid is contained in two-dimensional spatial domains and the control force is, at each time instant, a linear combination of a finite number of given actuators. Each actuator has its vorticity supported in a small subdomain. The velocity field is subject to Lions boundary conditions. Simulations are presented showing the stabilizing performance of the proposed feedback. The results also apply to a class of observer design problems., Comment: 9 figures

The stabilizability of a general class of abstract parabolic-like equations is investigated, with a finite number of actuators. This class includes the case of actuators given as delta distributions located at given points in the spatial domain of concrete parabolic equations. A stabilizing feedback control operator is constructed and given in explicit form. Then, an associated optimal control is considered and the corresponding Riccati feedback is investigated. Results of simulations are presented showing the stabilizing performance of both explicit and Riccati feedbacks., Comment: 7 figures

A strategy is proposed for adaptive stabilization of linear systems, depending on an uncertain parameter. Offline, the Riccati stabilizing feedback input control operators, corresponding to parameters in a finite training set of chosen candidates for the uncertain parameter, are solved and stored in a library. A uniform partition of the infinite time interval is chosen. In each of these subintervals, the input is given by one of the stored parameter dependent Riccati feedback operators. This parameter is updated online, at the end of each subinterval, based on input and output data, where the true data, corresponding to the true parameter, is compared to fictitious data that one would obtain in case the parameter was in a selected subset of the training set. The auxiliary data can be computed in parallel, so that the parameter update can be performed in real time. The focus is put on the case that the unknown parameter is constant and that the free dynamics is time-periodic. The stabilizing performance of the input obtained by the proposed strategy is illustrated by numerical simulations, for both constant and switching parameters., Comment: 16 figures

Stabilization of linear control systems with parameter-dependent system matrices is investigated. A Riccati based feedback mechanism is proposed and analyzed. It is constructed by means of an ensemble of parameters from a training set. This single feedback stabilizes all systems of the training set and also systems in its vicinity. Moreover its suboptimality with respect to optimal feedback for each single parameter from the training set can be quantified.

The minimization of energy-like cost functionals is addressed in the context of optimal control problems. For a general class of dynamical systems, with possibly unstable and nonlinear free dynamics, it is shown that a sequence of solutions of finite time-horizon optimal control problems approximates a solution of the analog infinite time-horizon problem. The latter solution and corresponding optimal cost value function are not assumed to be known a-priori. Numerical simulations are presented validating the theoretical findings for several examples, including systems governed by both ordinary and partial differential equations., Comment: 6 figures, 18 subfigures

The stabilizability to trajectories of the Schl\"ogl model is investigated in the norm of the natural state space for strong solutions, which is strictly contained in the standard pivot space of square integrable functions. As actuators a finite number of indicator functions are used and the control input is subject to a bound constraint. A stabilizing saturated explicit feedback control is proposed, where the set of actuators and the input bound are independent of the targeted trajectory. Further, the existence of open-loop optimal stabilizing constrained controls and related first-order optimality conditions are investigated. These conditions are then used to compute stabilizing receding horizon based controls. Results of numerical simulations are presented comparing their stabilizing performance with that of saturated explicit feedback controls., Comment: 8 figures, 23 subfigures

An exponential Luenberger dynamical observer is proposed to estimate the state of a general class of nonautonomous semilinear parabolic equations. The result can be applied to the case where the output is given by state measurements taken at a finite number of spatial points, that is, to the case where our sensors are a finite number of delta distributions. The output injection operator is explicit and the derivation of the main result involves the decomposition of the state space into a direct sum of two oblique components depending on the set of sensors. Simulations are presented as an application to the Kuramoto--Sivashinsky models for flame propagation and fluid flow., Comment: 9 figures; 20 subfigures

It is shown that an oblique projection based feedback control is able to stabilize the state of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, evolving in rectangular domains, to a given time-dependent trajectory. The number of actuators is finite and consists of a finite number of indicator functions supported in small subdomains. Simulations are presented, in the one-dimensional case, showing the stabilizing performance of the feedback control., Comment: 18 subfigures

An oblique projections based feedback stabilizability result in the literature is extended to a larger class of reaction-convection terms. A discussion is presented including a comparison between explicit oblique projections base feedback controls and Riccati based feedback controls. Advantages and limitations of each type of feedback are addressed as well as their finite-elements implementation. Results of numerical simulations are presented comparing their stabilizing performances for the case of time-periodic dynamics. It is shown that the solution of the periodic Riccati based feedback can be computed iteratively., Comment: 10 figures

It is shown that there exist a finite number of indicator functions, which allow us to track an arbitrary given trajectory of the Schl\"ogl model, by means of an explicit saturated feedback control input whose magnitude is bounded by a constant independent of the given targeted trajectory. Simulations are presented showing the stabilizing performance of the explicit feedback constrained control. Further, such performance is compared to that of a receding horizon constrained control minimizing the classical energy cost functional., Comment: 27pages, 15 figures (33 subfigures), 1 table

In this paper we consider feedback stabilization for parabolic variational inequalities of obstacle type with time and space depending reaction and convection coefficients and show exponential stabilization to nonstationary trajectories. Based on a Moreau-Yosida approximation, a feedback operator is established using a finite (and uniform in the approximation index) number of actuators leading to exponential decay of given rate of the state variable. Several numerical examples are presented addressing smooth and nonsmooth obstacle functions., Comment: 55 subfigures

Stabilizing feedback operators are presented which depend only on the orthogonal projection of the state onto the finite-dimensional control space. A class of monotone feedback operators mapping the finite-dimensional control space into itself is considered. The special case of the scaled identity operator is included. Conditions are given on the set of actuators and on the magnitude of the monotonicity, which guarantee the semiglobal stabilizing property of the feedback for a class semilinear parabolic-like equations. Subsequently an optimal feedback control minimizing the quadratic energy cost is computed by a deep neural network, exploiting the fact that the feedback depends only on a finite dimensional component of the state. Numerical simulations demonstrate the stabilizing performance of explicitly scaled orthogonal projection feedbacks, and of deep neural network feedbacks., Comment: 8 figures

It is shown that an internal control based on a moving indicator function is able to stabilize the state of parabolic equations evolving in rectangular domains. For proving the stabilizability result, we start with a control obtained from an oblique projection feedback based on a finite number of static actuators, then we used the continuity of the state when the control varies in relaxation metric to construct a switching control where at each given instant of time only one of the static actuators is active, finally we construct the moving control by traveling between the static actuators. Numerical computations are performed by a concatenation procedure following a receding horizon control approach. They confirm the stabilizing performance of the moving control., Comment: 5 figures

The estimation of the full state of a nonautonomous semilinear parabolic equation is achieved by a Luenberger type dynamical observer. The estimation is derived from an output given by a finite number of average measurements of the state on small regions. The state estimate given by the observer converges exponentially to the real state, as time increases. The result is semiglobal in the sense that the error dynamics can be made stable for an arbitrary given initial condition, provided a large enough number of measurements, depending on the norm of the initial condition, is taken. The output injection operator is explicit and involves a suitable oblique projection. The results of numerical simulations are presented showing the exponential stability of the error dynamics., Comment: 6 figures. In this version some equation tags are added, which were missing in first version due to a mistake in the latex source file. That mistake made the first version hard to read/follow

It is shown that an explicit oblique projection nonlinear feedback controller is able to stabilize semilinear parabolic equations, with time-dependent dynamics and with a polynomial nonlinearity. The actuators are typically modeled by a finite number of indicator functions of small subdomains. No constraint is imposed on the sign of the polynomial nonlinearity. The norm of the initial condition can be arbitrarily large, and the total volume covered by the actuators can be arbitrarily small. The number of actuators depend on the operator norm of the oblique projection, on the polynomial degree of the nonlinearity, on the norm of the initial condition, and on the total volume covered by the actuators. The range of the feedback controller coincides with the range of the oblique projection, which is the linear span of the actuators. The oblique projection is performed along the orthogonal complement of a subspace spanned by a suitable finite number of eigenfunctions of the diffusion operator. For rectangular domains, it is possible to explicitly construct/place the actuators so that the stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulations are presented, which show the semiglobal stabilizing performance of the nonlinear feedback.

In recently proposed stabilisation techniques for parabolic equations, a crucial role is played by a suitable sequence of oblique projections in Hilbert spaces, onto the linear span of a suitable set of M actuators, and along the subspace orthogonal to the space spanned by the first M eigenfunctions of the Laplacian operator. This new approach uses an explicit feedback law, which is stabilising provided that the sequence of operator norms of such oblique projections remains bounded. The main result of the paper is the proof that, for suitable explicitly given sequences of sets of actuators, the operator norm of the corresponding oblique projections remains bounded. In the final part of the paper we provide numerical results, showing the performance of the explicit feedback control for both Dirichlet and Neumann homogeneous boundary conditions.

The $\mathrm{3D}$ Navier--Stokes system, under Lions boundary conditions, is proven to be approximately controllable provided a suitable saturating set does exist. An explicit saturating set for $\mathrm{3D}$ rectangles is given., Comment: 21 pages

The feedback exponential stabilization to trajectories for semilinear parabolic equations in a given bounded domain is addressed. The controls take values in a finite-dimensional space and are supported in a small region. Both internal and boundary controls are considered., Comment: 61 pages, 23 figures

Given a nonstationary trajectory of the Navier-Stokes system, a finite-dimensional feedback boundary controller stabilizing locally the system to the given trajectory is derived. Moreover the controller is supported in a given open subset of the boundary of the domain containing the fluid. In a first step a controller is derived that stabilizes the linear Oseen-Stokes system "around the given trajectory" to zero; for that a corollary of a suitable truncated boundary observability inequality, the regularizing property for the system, and some standard techniques of the optimal control theory are used. Then it is shown that the same controller also stabilizes, locally, the Navier-Stokes system to the given trajectory.

We consider the Navier-Stokes system in a bounded domain with a smooth boundary. Given a sufficiently regular time-dependent global solution, we construct a finite-dimensional feedback control that is supported by a given open set and stabilizes the linearized equation. The proof of this fact is based on a truncated observability inequality, the regularizing property for the linearized equation, and some standard techniques of the optimal control theory. We then show that the control constructed for the linear problem stabilizes locally also the full Navier-Stokes system., Comment: 25 pages

We study controllability issues for the Navier-Stokes Equation on a two dimensional rectangle with so-called Lions boundary conditions. Rewriting the Equation using a basis of harmonic functions we arrive to an infinite-dimensional system of ODEs. Methods of Geometric/Lie Algebraic Control Theory are used to prove controllability by means of low modes forcing of finite-dimensional Galerkin approximations of that system. Proving the continuity of the ``control $\mapsto$ solution'' map in the so-called relaxation metric we use it to prove both solid controllability on observed component and $\mathbf L^2$-approximate controllability of the Equation (full system) by low modes forcing.