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For every group $\{\pm1\}\subseteq \Delta\subseteq (\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^\times$, there exists an intermediate modular curve $X_\Delta(N)$. In this paper we determine all curves $X_\Delta(N)$ whose $\mathbb{Q}$-gonality is equal to $4$, all curves $X_\Delta(N)$ whose $\mathbb{C}$-gonality is equal to $4$, and all curves $X_\Delta(N)$ whose $\mathbb{Q}$-gonality is equal to $5$. We also determine the $\mathbb{Q}$-gonality of all curves $X_\Delta(N)$ for $N\leq 40$ and $\{\pm1\}\subsetneq \Delta \subsetneq (\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z})^\times$.

Let $N$ be a positive integer. For every $d | N$ such that $(d, N/d) = 1$ there exists an Atkin-Lehner involution $w_d$ of a modular curve $X_0(N)$. In this paper we determine all quotient curves $X_0(N)/w_d$ whose $\mathbb{Q}$-gonality is equal to $4$ and all quotient curves $X_0(N)/w_d$ whose $\mathbb{C}$-gonality is equal to $4$., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2311.09955

In this paper we determine all quotient curves $X_0^+(N)$ whose $\mathbb{Q}$ or $\mathbb{C}$-gonality is equal to $4$. As a consequence, we find several new cases when the modular curve $X_0(N)$ has $\mathbb{Q}$-gonality equal to $8$.

We determine all modular curves $X_0(N)$ with infinitely many quartic points. To do this, we define a pairing that induces a quadratic form representing all possible degrees of a rational morphism from $X_0(N)$ to a positive rank elliptic curve.

In this paper we determine the $\mathbb Q$-gonalities of the modular curves $X_0(N)$ for all $N<145$. We determine the $\mathbb C$-gonality of many of these curves and the $\mathbb Q$-gonalities and $\mathbb C$-gonalities for many larger values of $N$. Using these results and some further work, we determine all the modular curves $X_0(N)$ of gonality $4$, $5$ and $6$ over $\mathbb Q$. We also find the first known instances of pentagonal curves $X_0(N)$ over $\mathbb C$., Comment: 23 pages, this is the final version, to appear in Math. Comp