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In this proceedings article we survey the results in [5] and their motivation, as presented at the 50th Journ\'ees EDP 2024. With the aim of quantifying turbulent behaviors of vortex filaments, we study the multifractality of a family of generalized Riemann's non-differentiable functions. These functions represent, in a certain limit, the trajectory of regular polygonal vortex filaments that evolve according to the binormal flow, the classical model for vortex filaments dynamics. We explain how we determined their spectrum of singularities through a careful design of Diophantine sets, which we study by using the Duffin-Schaeffer theorem and the Mass Transference Principle.

With the aim of quantifying turbulent behaviors of vortex filaments, we study the multifractality and intermittency of the family of generalized Riemann's non-differentiable functions \begin{equation} R_{x_0}(t) = \sum_{n \neq 0} \frac{e^{2\pi i ( n^2 t + n x_0 ) } }{n^2}, \qquad x_0 \in [0,1]. \end{equation} These functions represent, in a certain limit, the trajectory of regular polygonal vortex filaments that evolve according to the binormal flow. When $x_0$ is rational, we show that $R_{x_0}$ is multifractal and intermittent by completely determining the spectrum of singularities of $R_{x_0}$ and computing the $L^p$ norms of its Fourier high-pass filters, which are analogues of structure functions. We prove that $R_{x_0}$ has a multifractal behavior also when $x_0$ is irrational. The proofs rely on a careful design of Diophantine sets that depend on $x_0$, which we study by crucially using the Duffin-Schaeffer theorem and the Mass Transference Principle., Comment: 43 pages, 3 figures. v2: Introduction rewritten. Overview rewritten in Section 2. Appendix B added. v3: Small corrections

We consider the 2D incompressible Euler equation on a bounded simply connected domain $\Omega$. We give sufficient conditions on the domain $\Omega$ so that for all initial vorticity $\omega_0 \in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ the weak solutions are unique. Our sufficient condition is slightly more general than the condition that $\Omega$ is a $C^{1,\alpha}$ domain for some $\alpha>0$, with its boundary belonging to $H^{3/2}(\mathbb{S}^1)$. As a corollary we prove uniqueness for $C^{1,\alpha}$ domains for $\alpha >1/2$ and for convex domains which are also $C^{1,\alpha}$ domains for some $\alpha >0$. Previously uniqueness for general initial vorticity in $L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ was only known for $C^{1,1}$ domains with possibly a finite number of acute angled corners. The fundamental barrier to proving uniqueness below the $C^{1,1}$ regularity is the fact that for less regular domains, the velocity near the boundary is no longer log-Lipschitz. We overcome this barrier by defining a new change of variable which we then use to define a novel energy functional., Comment: 33 pages, comments welcome

In this note we further discuss the probabilistic scaling introduced by the authors in [21, 22]. In particular we do a case study comparing the stochastic heat equation, the nonlinear wave equation and the nonlinear Schrodinger equation., Comment: Expository paper, 14 pages

We consider the Vlasov equation in any spatial dimension, which has long been known to be an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system whose bracket structure is of Lie-Poisson type. In parallel, it is classical that the Vlasov equation is a mean-field limit for a pairwise interacting Newtonian system. Motivated by this knowledge, we provide a rigorous derivation of the Hamiltonian structure of the Vlasov equation, both the Hamiltonian functional and Poisson bracket, directly from the many-body problem. One may view this work as a classical counterpart to arXiv:1908.03847, which provided a rigorous derivation of the Hamiltonian structure of the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation from the many-body problem for interacting bosons in a certain infinite particle number limit, the first result of its kind. In particular, our work settles a question of Marsden, Morrison, and Weinstein on providing a "statistical basis" for the bracket structure of the Vlasov equation., Comment: 54 pages

We prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure under the dynamics of the three-dimensional cubic wave equation, which is also known as the hyperbolic $\Phi^4_3$-model. This result is the hyperbolic counterpart to seminal works on the parabolic $\Phi^4_3$-model by Hairer '14 and Hairer-Matetski '18. The heart of the matter lies in establishing local in time existence and uniqueness of solutions on the statistical ensemble, which is achieved by using a para-controlled Ansatz for the solution, the analytical framework of the random tensor theory, and the combinatorial molecule estimates. The singularity of the Gibbs measure with respect to the Gaussian free field brings out a new caloric representation of the Gibbs measure and a synergy between the parabolic and hyperbolic theories embodied in the analysis of heat-wave stochastic objects. Furthermore from a purely hyperbolic standpoint our argument relies on key new ingredients that include a hidden cancellation between sextic stochastic objects and a new bilinear random tensor estimate., Comment: Added remarks and corrected typographical errors

In this paper we consider the defocusing Hartree nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations on $\mathbb T^3$ with real valued and even potential $V$ and Fourier multiplier decaying like $|k|^{-\beta}$. By relying on the method of random averaging operators in arXiv:1910.08492, we show that there exists $\frac{1}{2} \ll \beta_0 <1 $ such that for $ \beta > \beta_0 $ we have invariance of the associated Gibbs measure and global existence of strong solutions in its statistical ensemble. In this way we extend Bourgain's seminal result [7] which requires $\beta >2$ in this case., Comment: 46 pages

We consider the 2D incompressible Euler equation on a corner domain $\Omega$ with angle $\nu\pi$ with $\frac{1}{2}<\nu<1$. We prove that if the initial vorticity $\omega_0 \in L^{1}(\Omega)\cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ and if $\omega_0$ is non-negative and supported on one side of the angle bisector of the domain, then the weak solutions are unique. This is the first result which proves uniqueness when the velocity is far from Lipschitz and the initial vorticity is nontrivial around the boundary., Comment: 41 pages. Published in Nonlinearity

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is twofold. We introduce the theory of random tensors, which naturally extends the method of random averaging operators in our earlier work arXiv:1910.08492, to study the propagation of randomness under nonlinear dispersive equations. By applying this theory we also solve Conjecture 1.7 in arXiv:1910.08492, and establish almost-sure local well-posedness for semilinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations in spaces that are subcritical in the probabilistic scaling. The solution we find has an explicit expansion in terms of multilinear Gaussians with adapted random tensor coefficients. In the random setting, the probabilistic scaling is the natural scaling for dispersive equations, and is different from the natural scaling for parabolic equations. Our theory, which covers the full subcritical regime in the probabilistic scaling, can be viewed as the dispersive counterpart of the existing parabolic theories (regularity structure, para-controlled calculus and renormalization group techniques).

We consider the defocusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on $\mathbb{T}^2$ with Wick ordered power nonlinearity, and prove almost sure global well-posedness with respect to the associated Gibbs measure. The heart of the matter is the uniqueness of the solution as limit of solutions to canonically truncated systems. The invariance of the Gibbs measure under the global dynamics follows as a consequence. The proof relies on the novel idea of random averaging operators., Comment: 61 pages. [V2] Final version. To appear in Ann. of Math

We consider the cubic Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) hierarchy in one spatial dimension. We establish the existence of an infinite sequence of observables such that the corresponding trace functionals, which we call ``energies,'' commute with respect to the weak Lie-Poisson structure defined by the authors in arXiv:1908.03847. The Hamiltonian equation associated to the third energy functional is precisely the GP hierarchy. The equations of motion corresponding to the remaining energies generalize the well-known nonlinear Schr\"odinger hierarchy, the third element of which is the one-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. This work provides substantial evidence for the GP hierarchy as a new integrable system., Comment: 97 pages

We consider the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) in any spatial dimension, which is a well-known example of an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. Inspired by the knowledge that the NLS is an effective equation for a system of interacting bosons as the particle number tends to infinity, we provide a derivation of the Hamiltonian structure, which is comprised of both a Hamiltonian functional and a weak symplectic structure, for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation from quantum many-body systems. Our geometric constructions are based on a quantized version of the Poisson structure introduced by Marsden, Morrison and Weinstein for a system describing the evolution of finitely many indistinguishable classical particles., Comment: 81 pages

We prove local well-posedness for the periodic derivative nonlinear Schrodinger's equation, which is L^2 critical, in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces which scale like H^s(T) for s>0. In particular we close the existing gap in the subcritical theory by improving the result of Grunrock and Herr [25], which established local well-posedness in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces which scale like H^s(T) for s>1 . We achieve this result by a delicate analysis of the structure of the solution and the construction of an adapted nonlinear submanifold of a suitable function space. Together these allow us to construct the unique solution to the given subcritical data. This constructive procedure is inspired by the theory of para-controlled distributions developed by Gubinelli-Imkeller-Perkowski [26] and Cantellier-Chouk [10] in the context of stochastic PDE. Our proof and results however, are purely deterministic.

For certain non linear evolution equations, existence of global in time flows for large data is a fundamental and difficult question. In general, for dispersive and wave equations high regularity of the data does not automatically guarantee the existence of a global flow. One first needs to prove a global result at a level of regularity that matches that of a conserved quantity. Then, preservation of regularity allows to prove that the global flow exists for all smoother data. This mechanism cannot be applied in the non deterministic setting, such as the global well-posedness on the statistical ensemble of an invariant (Gibbs) measure, first obtained by Bourgain. We present a new and general technique to prove that data smoother than those in the statistical ensemble give rise to global flows, despite the fact that the measures carried by such smoother data are no longer invariant. As a consequence we close an important gap in the existence of global solutions for certain nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn since the manner in which we state Theorem 3.1 is not correct. Since this carries through the main argument in sections 4 and 5, the paper needs a major revision

In this paper we prove an optimal local well-posedness result for the 1+2 dimensional system of nonlinear wave equations (NLW) with quadratic null-form derivative nonlinearities $Q_{\mu\nu}$. The Cauchy problem for these equations is known to be ill-possed for data in the Sobolev space $H^s$ with $s<5/4$ for all the basic null-forms, except $Q_0$. However, the scaling analysis predicts local well-posedness all the way to the critical regularity of $s_c=1$. Following Gr\"{u}nrock's result for the quadratic derivative NLW, we consider initial data in the Fourier-Lebesgue spaces $\^{H}_s^r$, which coincide with the Sobolev spaces of the same regularity for $r=2$, but scale like lower regularity Sobolev spaces for $11+{1}{r}$, $1

In this paper we show that after suitable data randomization there exists a large set of super-critical periodic initial data, in $H^{-\alpha}({\mathbb T}^d)$ for some $\alpha(d) > 0$, for both 2d and 3d Navier-Stokes equations for which global energy bounds are proved. As a consequence, we obtain almost sure super-critical global weak solutions. We also show that in 2d these global weak solutions are unique., Comment: 22 pages, a revised argument in Section 5, the $d=3$ case

We prove absolute continuity of Gaussian measures associated to complex Brownian bridges under certain gauge transformations. As an application we prove that the invariant measure for the periodic derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation obtained by Nahmod, Oh, Rey-Bellet and Staffilani in [20], and with respect to which they proved almost surely global well-posedness, coincides with the weighted Wiener measure constructed by Thomann and Tzvetkov [24]. Thus, in particular we prove the invariance of the measure constructed in [24]., Comment: 12 pages. Submitted

We prove a T(1) theorem for bilinear singular integral operators (trilinear forms) with a one-dimensional modulation symmetry., Comment: 62 pages, 1 figure