Search

The development of digital technology has been rapidly pushing forward collaborative innovation in supply chain. This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of information sharing, resource integration, and trustworthiness among the enterprises in supply chain to collaborative innovation under the digitization background and builds the model of dynamic evolutionary game in which enterprises in supply chain participate collaborative innovation, and then, through the methods of model solution analysis and numerical simulation the following concrete conclusions are reached: the increase of data sharing profit coefficient, resource integration coefficient, and trustworthiness causes the increase of the probability that an enterprise selects to participate collaborative innovation in supply chain, and the increase of data sharing cost, security risk coefficient, and free rider income causes the decrease of the probability that an enterprise selects to participate collaborative innovation in supply chain; meanwhile, the increase of all the coefficients makes the velocity with which decision-making approaches to the direction toward decision higher and higher, and when the core enterprises participate the game, they can drive the common enterprises make decision more rapidly; and for the probability that an enterprise selects to participate collaborative innovation in supply chain, data sharing profit coefficient, data sharing cost coefficient, security risk coefficient, and free rider income have threshold values. These conclusions play active roles in leading enterprises to attach importance to digitization construction and actively participate collaborative innovation in supply chain.

Acquiring and combining different knowledge elements across organizational boundaries has become an important strategy for firms’ innovation outcomes. Based on the theory of resource orchestration, this paper divides knowledge coupling into two dimensions: complementary knowledge coupling and substitutable knowledge coupling. Then, this study aims to explore the different impacts of knowledge coupling types on firm’s incremental innovation and verify the moderating role of government support policies in this relationship. Based on the survey of 279 high-tech enterprises from China, our analysis results indicate the following. (1) Complementary knowledge coupling has an inverted U-shaped impact on firm’s incremental innovation, while substitutable knowledge coupling has a positive influence on incremental innovation. (2) The fitness between government support policies and knowledge coupling types can promote the result of firm’s incremental innovation: when firms adopt complementary knowledge coupling strategies, finance and taxation support policies are more conducive to firm’s incremental innovation; when enterprises use substitutable knowledge coupling strategies, innovative environment support policies are better for the promotion of firm’s incremental innovation. The research results provide a theoretical basis for firms to select appropriate government support strategies to exert the effects of innovation based on characteristics of internal and external knowledge resources.

As a special type of enterprises with high risks, Chinese commercial banks’ risk management plays an important role in banks’ business process. Measuring and improving the risk management efficiency of the Chinese commercial banking system has recently attracted increasing interest. Previous studies analyze the business performance of commercial banks from the perspective of the overall management level of banks, and few articles focus on the risk management ability of banks. This paper evaluates the technical efficiencies of Chinese commercial banks’ risk management by the DEA-BCC model with window analysis to come up with some recommendations for policy makers. The technical efficiency is then decomposed into pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency. According to the banking risk supervision indicators released by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, we choose the indicators of 26 commercial banks’ risk management during the period of 2011 to 2019. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to delete redundant input indicators. The paper gives a dynamic evaluation of technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and scale efficiency. The main empirical results are as follows: (1) the technical efficiency of Chinese commercial banks’ risk management is low, and the differences among three different types of banks are large. (2) The pure technology inefficiency of Chinese commercial banks’ risk management has become a key factor restricting the improvement of the risk management of the Chinese banking industry. (3) The Chinese commercial banks’ risk management faces a serious problem which is economies of scale. (4) The technical efficiencies of Chinese commercial banks’ risk management fluctuate greatly, and management capabilities need to be enhanced urgently.

Existing studies on the information technology (IT) usage of firms are constrained within the perspective of “IT tool” or “IT investment.” Few studies have analyzed the IT usage of firms from a new perspective. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of IT usage on the innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the perspective of the product value chain (PVC). A research model integrating IT usage width, IT usage frequency, manufacturing flexibility, human capital quality, and firm innovation performance was proposed for this analysis. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was performed on a sample of more than 1300 Chinese manufacturing firms using the newest data provided by the World Bank. Results validate that IT usage width and IT usage frequency have a significantly positive impact on the innovation performance of SMEs. Manufacturing flexibility plays a partially mediating role between IT usage frequency and the innovation performance of SMEs. Moreover, human capital quality has a significantly positive moderating effect on IT usage width and the innovation performance of SMEs. IT usage width and IT usage frequency appear to be important predictors of the innovation performance of SMEs, whereas there are substantial differences in the influencing mechanism of IT usage width and IT usage frequency on the innovation performance of SMEs.

What matters for China’s future growth is not the volume of exports, but whether China will continue to enhance the export competitiveness of high-tech products. Using the export data of 25 countries from 1998 to 2019, this paper measures the export technological sophistication of machinery and transport equipment and constructs an empirical model to study the impact factors of export technological sophistication of machinery and transport equipment in China. The results show that the export technological sophistication is not high, although the export volume of machinery and transportation equipment is large. FDI, human capital, and the previous phase of export technological sophistication have a significant positive effect on the technological sophistication of export; however, the abundant natural resource has a significant negative effect. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward based on the empirical results.

Efficient and reliable fresh agricultural products supply chain is the key to meet the demand of consumers for fresh agricultural products, and also the guarantee for suppliers to realize their economic benefits. Therefore, a multi-dimensional analysis model of agricultural products supply chain competition based on fuzzy mean value is proposed. Firstly, the information distribution model of multi-dimensional analysis of agricultural product supply chain competition is proposed. On this basis, the multi-dimensional analysis information scheduling fusion of agricultural product supply chain competition is processed. Then, the application of mean value fuzzy in agricultural product supply chain is analyzed. According to the identification module of agricultural product information code, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of supply chain and the mean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, the competition of agricultural product supply chain is established Dimension analysis model. The experimental results show that the performance score of agricultural product supply chain is higher, the accuracy of supply chain information diagnosis is higher, and the clustering of agricultural product supply chain information diagnosis is better.

The sustainable development of an industry is an important topic of technological innovation. To unlock the path dependence of industrial development, it is critical to identify the evolution law of the industrial collaborative innovation network. Taking China’s nonferrous metal industry as an example, this paper establishes two collaborative innovation networks from the time and space dimensions, respectively. The networks cover both the macroenvironment and the microinnovative subjects of the industry and fully consider the collaborative relationships between these subjects. Through multilevel and multidimensional analysis, the authors drew the following conclusions: the macropolicies and technology paradigm can create a window of opportunity for the industry, which directly drives the breeding of new industries and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries; the interaction between the macroenvironment and microinnovative subjects leads to the differentiation of the industrial innovation path; the provinces can enter the first echelon of interprovincial innovation collaboration and realize sustainable development of the industry through the unlocking path, which consists of path continuation, path expansion, path implantation, and path diversification.

Based on social network theory and dynamic capability theory, a theoretical model is constructed that specifies the process through which relational embeddedness affects enterprise value. The authors selected 612 Shenzhen and Shanghai A-share manufacturing enterprises in the CSMAR database as sample enterprises, and a multiple regression analysis method was used to test hypotheses. The results show that (1) there is an inverted “U” relationship between relational embeddedness and enterprise value; that is, the enterprises’ relational embeddedness has an “inflection point” effect on the enterprise value; (2) the enterprises’ resource integration capability plays an intermediate role in the impact of relational embeddedness on enterprise value; (3) the market environmental dynamics and technology environmental dynamics play negative regulatory roles in the inverted “U” relationship between relational embeddedness and enterprise value, and they play different regulatory roles before and after the enterprise relational embeddedness reaches the “inflection point”; that is, before the relational embeddedness reaches the inflection point, the technology environmental dynamics plays a major negative regulatory role, while after the relational embeddedness reaches the inflection point, the market environmental dynamics plays a major negative regulatory role. Compared with the market environmental dynamics, the impact of technology environmental dynamics on the relationship between relational embeddedness and enterprise value is more significant; that is, the effect of relational embeddedness on enterprises value is more sensitive to the technology environmental dynamics.

A good partnership is conducive to promoting the empowerment of manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) via industrial Internet platforms. By analyzing the factors influencing the cooperation motives of both parties and individual behavior, this paper puts forward the design of a cost-sharing and scale revenue-sharing mechanism and establishes an evolutionary game model. Then, the evolutionary stability strategies (ESSs) of individuals and the evolutionary equilibrium state of the system are analyzed. The results show that the key factors affecting the strategic choices of industrial Internet platforms and manufacturing SMEs are different and will change with the number of platform customers and the level of digitalization of enterprises. By sharing the access cost of SMEs and the scale revenue of the platform, mutual trust between the two parties can be enhanced, and SMEs will be more motivated to access the platform. Moreover, the platform network externality, customer churn risk, and cost-sharing ratio have different influences on the process of reaching evolutionary equilibrium in the system. Collaborative revenue expectations are critical to the behavioral strategies of both parties. In comprehensive consideration of the results of this study, it is recommended that industrial Internet platforms be subsidized in the initial stage of cooperation.

The realization of breakthrough innovation with high risk and uncertainty has always been the focus of the theory and practice of technological innovation. Based on the supernetwork theory, this paper constructs a supernetwork equilibrium model about deep convergence of enterprise alliance for breakthrough innovation and uses numerical simulation tools to find out the equilibrium conditions for deep convergence of enterprise alliance in different stages of breakthrough innovation. It is not only conducive to understand the process of enterprise alliance’s deep convergence in “Creativity-Research-Production-Sales” but also helpful to understand the roles that deep convergence in enterprise alliance can play in achieving breakthrough innovation. It not only expands the existing research on breakthrough innovation but also provides a scientific reference for the deep convergence of enterprise alliance in practice.

In the practice of various Internet-based sharing economies, environmental issues of shared products become more prominent and urgent. By analysing the relationship among government, enterprises, and consumers, this paper develops a system dynamics model based on the evolutionary game theory to explore the quantity change pattern of environment-friendly products in a sharing industry. A discrete dynamic system simulation of the quantity change process takes shared bikes in Beijing as a case study. The simulation results are consistent with the analysis of evolutionary game theory. The results show that government subsidies to both enterprises and consumers can lead to higher quantities of environment-friendly shared products, while consumer subsidy is better than enterprise subsidy. In addition, governments and enterprises need to ensure moderate investments to improve consumer experience and environmental awareness.

E-marketing is an important tool for real estate enterprises. We evaluate 3 online marketing channels of 44 Chinese real estate companies. Super-efficiency DEA and grey entropy methods are applied to analyse the influence of E-marketing on the performance of real estate enterprises. We find that E-marketing will affect the business performance of real estate companies. Real estate company managers should adopt more strategies to improve corporate performance.

The development of pharmaceutical companies, which is an important part of the national economy and industry, is closely related to people’s livelihood issues. With the era of big data, this paper uses the two-stage DEA and Malmquist method to evaluate the efficiency of listed Chinese pharmaceutical companies. From a static and dynamic perspective, it analyses the total factor productivity index, pure efficiency change index, scale efficiency index, and so on. The results show that government subsidies have not had a positive impact on most Chinese pharmaceutical companies, and for films, diseconomies of scale caused by rapid expansion should be avoided.

The paper uses the panel smooth conversion fractional-order system model to divide the mechanism of financial development in high-tech industries into two systems. At the same time, the article uses a continuous state to connect these two extreme situations to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of linear feedback control that inhibit the impact of financial development on high-tech industries. Studies have shown that financial development under a low system has a significant role in promoting high-tech industries. On the other hand, financial development under the high-level system has a restraining effect on high-tech industries. There are dual-threshold characteristics between the scale of financial development and the development of high-tech industries. Firstly, the scale of financial development should be controlled within [0.553, 0.840]. Secondly, there is a single threshold between the level of financial development and the development of high-tech industries, and the level of financial development should be controlled within 0.756.

Online customers execute transactions without inspecting products could expect to encounter risks of receiving products with unsatisfactory qualities, especially in food transactions. Thus quality supervision plays a key role in the establishment of trust as well as in the management of risk between online customers and sellers. Most papers in this field are in qualitative nature. In this paper, a quality supervision profit (QSP) model is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem. It is a quantitative approach, and it broadens the scope of current research in the area. The quality effort level of online sellers (QELs) and the quality supervision level of the electronic intermediary (QSLm) are considered together with their corresponding profit in the proposed model. The aim is to optimize an overall profit. A case study arising from Suichang’s food traceability system (FTS) of farm produce online transaction is carried out in details. The results reveal that QELs, QSLm and the profit distribution coefficient have a strong influence upon the profits of both sides. Finally, some concluding remarks, including potential further research topics, are given.

This paper examines how investment in intellectual capital (IC) elements by textile and apparel companies improves firm performance measured in terms of profitability, market value, and productivity. The modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied to measure IC. Using a panel of 35 Chinese textile and apparel companies for a six-year period (2013–2018), the results show that physical and human capitals are the strong factors that contribute to firm performance. In addition, relational capital negatively influences profitability and market value, and structural capital and innovation capital have a negative impact on employee productivity. We also find that the MVAIC model performs better in measuring IC than the original value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model. This paper can provide some insights for corporate managers to enhance firm performance and gain competitive advantage by proper utilization of IC in traditional industries.

Remanufacturing has become an important and fast-growing industry. Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) cooperate with third-party remanufacturers (3PRs) through either outsourcing or licensing. They sell the new and remanufactured products either directly to the consumer or indirectly through a retailer. Our study compares the OEM’s remanufacturing strategy selection in different distribution channel structures. We demonstrate that outsourcing remanufacturing benefits the OEM when the new products are sold directly and remanufactured products, with a relatively low valuation, are sold indirectly; otherwise, licensing remanufacturing is more beneficial for the OEM. We further find that when consumers perceive the remanufactured products with a sufficiently high value, the selection of remanufacturing strategies benefits consumers, society, and the environment.

Based on the analysis of the dynamic interrelationships of enterprise innovation factors according to system dynamics, we build a dynamic causality diagram and a flow graph model of the enterprise innovation ecosystem to study the potential business value creation paths focusing on technological innovation. The system model is simulated using data from high-tech enterprises. Our results show that the model can reasonably simulate the operation of the enterprise innovation ecosystem. Two paths to value creation are identified: (1) input-technological innovation-commercialization of results-value creation; (2) external acquisition of technology-digestion and absorption-value creation as a complementary path. Also, the technological innovation path expands and extends the industrial chain and supply chain of enterprises and better promotes the value creation of enterprises in the same supply chain. Furthermore, our results show that R&D investment and technical cooperation investment should be allocated rationally in order to improve the utility of value creation investment.

Combining with the growth environment of Unicorns, from the aspects of emerging industries, business environment, platform support, and financial support, we propose an overall analysis framework for the existence or absence of Unicorns, use the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to carry out configuration analysis on the status quo of Unicorns in 40 cities in China, and analyze the cultivation path of Unicorns. The research results indicate that the synergy of emerging industries, business environment, platform support, and financial support can foster Unicorns. According to the differences in the core conditions in the configuration and the characteristics of the cases contained, it is divided into two cultivation paths, which are driven by emerging industries and supported by the business environment; combining with the status quo and characteristics of the cities where Unicorns are missing, it provides suggestions for the selection of the cultivation path of Unicorns in different regions.

This paper examines the influence of information forecast accuracy on the profits of the supply chain under the circumstance of a multichannel apparel supply chain. Due to the emergence of multichannel, customer showrooming behavior is becoming increasingly prevalent. For example, consumers usually buy garments online after experiencing the service in the traditional bricks and mortar in the clothing industry. Meanwhile, there are often information barriers between the manufacturer and the retailer, which will affect enterprise decision-making. To solve these problems, this paper mainly investigates the information sharing and customer showrooming phenomenon, which includes four models: no information sharing without showrooming model (NN), information sharing without showrooming model (SN), no information sharing with showrooming model (NS), and information sharing with showrooming model (SS). The numerical analysis shows that under the impact of the forecast error, information sharing between channel members is more favorable than no information sharing when parameters satisfy certain conditions. From the perspectives of the retailer, the manufacturer, and the whole supply chain, customer showrooming behavior will bring them less profit. These conclusions mean that the retailer should share information with the manufacturer and adjust their service level and sales price to alleviate the effect of showrooming.

Low-carbon competitiveness is an effective way for enterprises to remain relevant in the global green economy agenda. The low-carbon footprints of firms are not only reflected in their carbon-tangible assets but also in carbon-intangible assets. Thus, carbon-intangible assets also play a crucial role in firms’ emission mitigation and environmental conservation capacity. Several forms of carbon-intangible assets may constitute an integrated system that shapes the low-carbon performance of enterprises. Therefore, firms’ low-carbon competitiveness can be evaluated by studying the distribution of individual carbon-intangible resources and the composite shape of such assets. Based on this idea, this paper explored the dimensions through which carbon-intangible assets contribute to low-carbon competitiveness. By determining the location and distribution of each carbon-intangible asset in its value space, we proposed a multidimensional evaluation technique with three dimensions including realistic, sustainable, and inimitable value. Herein, the idea of value space of carbon-intangible assets has been contributed to the extant literature. Finally, to apply our evaluation index system, we selected three Chinese steel companies to serve as the research sample and evaluated their low-carbon performances. The main contribution of this study is the development and application of a novel multidimensional low-carbon evaluation method. This technique will not only help governments as well as the academics to effectively determine the low-carbon level of enterprises but also helps managers to fully grasp the trends of low-carbon competitiveness and thereby take some targeted measures to improve their firms’ performance.

Many factors affect the diffusion of generic technology due to the variety of generic technology and the multiplicity of diffusion carriers. Therefore, it is very urgent to determine the main factors that influence generic technology diffusion. Based on theories of industrial generic technology diffusion, this paper constructs a differential game-based model between government and enterprises. Then, this study explores the key factors that affect the diffusion strategy of industrial generic technology innovation and analyzes the possible method for improving industrial generic technology innovation diffusion. The following conclusions are obtained. Incentive measures, rewards, and penalties play a key role in the diffusion of generic technology, and the costs and benefits incurred by the diffusion are critical to the diffusion of generic technology. Also, the net income of enterprises has a positive impact on the adoption of generic technology diffusion. After that, this paper carries out data simulation for result verification and provides some policy implications.

We confine our interest to the O2O (online-to-offline) supply chain system consisting of an online retailer and an offline retailer. Given that the brand they sell may encounter a brand crisis that will damage the goodwill, we formulate an O2O supply chain model with the impact of random crisis to explore the countermeasures of retailers when facing a potential crisis. After analysis, we find the following: (1) The crisis happened earlier with the increase of hazard rate and retailers should lower their investment in the precrisis stage. (2) The existence of crisis divides the whole planning period into two phases and make retailers have different phase preference in different scenarios. In a word, retailers will pay more attention to the postcrisis stage with the increase of hazard rate and damage rate and therefore invest more in the postcrisis stage. (3) Crisis will decrease the investment level of retailers and therefore make the goodwill and profits lower than when there is no crisis.

As the scale of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) continues to expand, more and more scholars have begun to discuss the influence of OFDI on enterprise technological innovation. In order to be able to deeply explore the impact of enterprises’ OFDI activities on enterprise technological innovation, this paper combines relevant enterprise data from 2015 to 2017 and uses the new method to test the “technological innovation effect” produced by the OFDI of Chinese enterprises. Finally, this paper concluded that the development of OFDI activities of enterprises can promote the improvement of the level of technological innovation of enterprises, and this promotion has a lag effect. R&D-type OFDI activities play a vital role in promoting the ability of technological innovation of enterprises. Compared with low-income host countries, investment in high-income host countries has a greater effect on promoting the ability of technological innovation of enterprises.

Fresh produce has increasingly become an important part of people’s diet. However, the loss of fresh produce in the supply chain has existed for a long time and is difficult to overcome. Some companies use their own information management systems or use information systems built by other companies to release and manage fresh agricultural product information in a timely manner, thereby reducing product loss caused by the “bullwhip effect.” However, this will also bring pressure on construction costs and the risk of information leakage. Based on the evolutionary game model, this paper conducts process modeling and analysis on the behavior of enterprise groups participating in information sharing. It is concluded that the greater the difference between the income obtained through information sharing and the cost of building information system, the higher the likelihood of enterprises participating in information sharing. In addition, the greater the profit from the construction of information platform, the smaller the profit of “free rider,” and the smaller the risk of information leakage, the greater the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in information sharing. Finally, some suggestions are proposed from the perspective of maximizing supply chain benefits.

The emerging product sharing trend poses challenges for manufacturers. Although the cost of purchasing products is decreased by adopting product sharing, consumers must accept that their demand cannot be responded to instantly and must use unfamiliar shared products. There are unavoidable inconveniences that are inherent in product sharing that directly affect consumers’ choices and further affect manufacturers’ decisions about providing sharing services. However, few papers have focused on the impact of such factors. In this paper, we aim to study how the unavoidable inconvenience costs and operational costs affect the manufacturer’s decision on whether to provide sharing services. First, low inconvenience cost and operational cost encourage the manufacturer to provide sharing services. High product quality weakens the influence of these two factors, while strengthening the influence of the pooling effect on the manufacturer’s provision decision. Second, the sharing market cannibalizes the sales demand when inconvenience cost is low and product quality is high. Third, the provision of sharing services is a win-win situation for consumers and the manufacturers of low-quality products.

More and more contract manufacturers have started to establish their own brands besides providing manufacturing service for retailers who operate exclusive well-known brands. This paper studies the encroachment strategy of a contract manufacturer in a supply chain and the impact of fairness concern. Four scenarios are investigated by building game models: no fairness concern, the retailer’s fairness concern, the contract manufacturer’s fairness concern, and both members’ fairness concern. The results show that when there is no fairness concern, the contract manufacturer always has motivation to encroach. However, when there exists fairness concern, only when the reservation price is sufficiently high, the contract manufacturer will encroach. Fairness concern has certain strength to stop the contract manufacturer’s encroachment. When the reservation price is sufficiently low, the encroachment of the contract manufacturer benefits the retailer, or else it will harm the benefit of the retailer. The effect of fairness concern on profit margin and wholesale price decisions is opposite under different encroachment strategies. However, the fairness concern has no impact on the retail price of the private brand. Under encroachment strategy, contract manufacturer’s or both members’ fairness concerns have positive effect on the retailer’s profit in certain conditions. However, the fairness concern always decreases the contract manufacturer’s profit no matter what the form it is. Numerical examples show that it is best for the supply chain that both members have fairness concern under no encroachment. However, when the contract manufacturer has a private brand, it is best for the supply chain that no one has fairness concern when the advantageous inequity concern parameter is sufficiently low. When the advantageous inequity concern parameter is sufficiently high, it is best for the supply chain that both members have fairness concern.

Decisions related to pricing production-use water are a critical issue that local governments in China are facing. Its significance has increased in recent years, as a serious corporate water-supply shortage has surfaced with rapid economic development and urbanization. Different from developed countries, the pricing of production-use water is a complex issue in China that involves the distribution of benefits among local governments, water-supply companies, and water-consuming companies, where the overall balance is affected by every slight adjustment. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this study constructs an evolutionary game model involving water-supply companies and water-consuming companies with a systematic analysis of the interaction process between the policy formulation related to water pricing by water-supply companies and the decision making related to water consumption by water-consuming companies. The research finds that the difficulty of balancing corporate financial benefits and public water conservation benefits has led to the complexity of water pricing. Moreover, raising water prices will not necessarily cause companies to save water, but it will increase the production cost of the entire economy. This is the direct cause of low water prices, implemented by water-supply companies, in many regions of China.

Military-civilian integration has developed into a national strategy. It helps military technology transform into civilian consumer goods but also lets civilian suppliers join the military supply chain. Collaborative innovation is a good method to drive the development of civil-military integration. The measurement of the efficiency of military-civilian integration enterprises’ collaborative innovation and analysis of influencing factors are an important basis for making relevant policies. Thus, this paper builds up a two-stage StoNED model. It is used to measure the efficiency of collaborative innovation of civil-military integration enterprises. Then, the Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of innovation efficiency. Here, we show that the overall efficiency and substages efficiency are relatively high, and the low efficiency of the technology R&D stage is the limiting factor for achieving the optimal overall efficiency. Our results demonstrate that there are differences in the effect of the same factor on efficiency in different substages.