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This review summarizes Russian developments on the most important industrial processes of hydrocarbon feedstock refining according to the data of the last 15–20 years on the kinetics of deactivation of heterogeneous and liquid-phase catalysts under non-stationary conditions. The methodological aspects of the creation and application of kinetic models for the deactivation of heterogeneous and liquid-phase catalysts under non-stationary conditions are considered. It is shown that high efficiency of catalytic technologies is ensured by regulation of hydrodynamic and thermal conditions of industrial processes of gasoline reforming, alkane dehydrogenation, alkylation of benzene with higher alkenes and catalytic dewaxing using kinetic models, which take into account catalyst deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ASA) is a valuable petrochemical product that is obtained using a variety of technologies. The purpose of this article is to compare the designs of the film sulfonation reactors and choose the most optimal one. The calculations were made using non-stationary mathematical models. For calculations, data were taken from operating LAB sulfonation plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkylation of benzene with alkenes is one of the priority areas in the processes of the main organic and petrochemical synthesis due to the high demand for products derived from alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. One of the most important technologies is the alkylation of benzene with C10-C14 alkenes with further sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes obtained. In this work, we discuss the mechanism of the alkylation process, present the mathematical model and discuss the influence of main technological parameters on the process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of gasoline preparation, various products of hydrocarbon processing processes are used, such as catalytic reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, liquid-phase alkylation of isobutane with olefins, as well as additives such as MTBE. Optimization of the commercial types of gasoline preparing process is a complex multi-factor task, including the stages of the catalytic processing of hydrocarbon raw materials into high-octane components and the stage of commercial gasoline components, mixing. This requires taking into account the non-additivity of the properties of commercial products. Determining the ratios of the mixing components, considering changes in the composition and properties of hydrocarbon feeds for processing, as well as the optimal technological conditions at the stages of catalytic processing of feeds, will reduce the cost of commercial products by reducing their quality stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is multi-stage integrated production of linear alkylbenzenes and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. The established thermodynamic and kinetic laws of the transformations of C9-C14 hydrocarbons and the activity of catalysts used in the synthesis of linear alkylbenzenes provided the creation of mathematical models suitable for optimizing the main stages of the synthesis. the assessment of the full range of nonstationarity factors caused by the deactivation of catalysts was made on the basis of a computational and industrial experiment simulation. the model calculations allowed improving the efficiency of multistage production of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and to increase the desired product yield from 170-172 to 174-176 tones/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of demand on synthetic detergents worldwide, which include such components as surfactants causes increasing of research and optimization interests towards the process of obtaining linear alkylbenzenes or the problem of linear alkylbenzenes sulfonation. The method of mathematical modelling used in this paper was chosen as the best concerning the optimization of the process. It allows monitoring the influence of main parameters without interfering in the process. As the result mathematical model of linear alkylbenzenes (LAB) sulfonation process was obtained. Adequacy of which is supported by the correspondence of calculated and experimental dependencies of the main parameters (such as yields of target and some side products, which are alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ASA) and, for example, highly viscous component respectively). Also, information about the dependency of highly viscous component accumulation and ASA from temperature and film thickness in the reactor is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assumes a preliminary calculation of the costs of the components of the mixture using a software-implemented mathematical model. The operation of mixing is carried out in accordance with the predetermined costs and physical-chemical properties of the products of the processes of secondary and deep oil refining. The flow rate and flow properties depend on the hydrocarbon composition of the feedstock and the activity of the catalysts used and are determined numerically. Resource efficiency of gasoline production is achieved only through the correct proportions of the composition, determined using software that allows you to adjust the conditions of production of gasoline, taking into account changes in the composition of the processed raw materials and the activity of catalysts. Within the framework of the research, the results of optimization of the processes of preparing motor fuels, as well as prediction of optimal volumes and formulas for mixing components to obtain gasoline of the required quality, taking into account changes in the composition of the processed raw materials and the activity of reforming catalysts, isomerization, alkylation and catalytic cracking, are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the way of increasing resource efficiency of motor gasoline production by integration of heptane isomerization process was performed. The estimation of the efficiency of isomerization process integration to the oil refinery structure was carried out by using the performed models. These models are sensitive to changes in hydrocarbon composition and physical-chemical properties of the processed feedstock and operation conditions of industrial units. Integration to the finished motor gasoline process the technology of C7 isomerization allows to decrease in high cost flows (alkylate, toluene, MTBE) due to a significant increase in RON of low octane flows of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of the operation of the chemical-technological system as a whole is possible only if the efficiency of each of the associated processes of all stages of production is increased, taking into account their interrelationship. These problems are successfully solved using the methods of mathematical modeling and computer modeling systems that take into account the volatility of the raw material composition, the change in catalyst activity and a large number of control parameters. This approach was used for benzene alkylation process and allowed us to reveal regularieties of alkylation reactor depending on the technologiscal conditions in the conjugate apparatuses. Thus, optomal HF-catalyst activity depends signifacantly both on the dehydrogenation feedstock composition and its flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of isopropyl benzene obtaining reactor process on chloroaluminum catalyst was developed. With use of HYSYS software a computer model of benzene with propylene alkylation technological scheme was created. Integration of computer models allowed carrying out calculations to determine technological modes of production, allowing to obtain a marketable product of higher quality. It was shown that increasing of isopropylbenzene concentration in commercial product to 99.9% by weight can be achieved by implementing of sequence separation in distillation columns due to redistribution of ethylbenzene and n-butyl benzene loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of mathematical modeling method and physical-chemical nature of gas from liquid hydrocarbons and water at low temperatures due to the Joule-Thompson effect separation, a mathematical model of separator was created. This model allows tracing changes in technological parameters of low temperature separation process in real time. It is implemented as a software product that allows one to study transient processes occurring in apparatus of chemical technological system and also provides an opportunity to examine the effect of control parameters on technological parameters of the system. It was shown that the opening degree of gas valve is gradually reduced (from 28% to 10% in 40 seconds) while pressure in system increases from 7,082 MPa up to 7,633 MPa. On the basis of developed mathematical model a simulator for training of technical personnel of low-temperature separation can be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new way of reactor block of paraffins dehydrogenation efficiency improvement using a mathematical model which takes mutual influence of processes occurring in apparatus of chemical-technological system into account was proposed. Numerical evaluation of raw materials composition, process conditions and degree of catalyst deactivation influence on efficiency of apparatus of chemical industrial dehydrogenation plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]