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Fluorescence microscopy is currently one of the more powerful and versatile techniques available for biological studies. With conventional biological immunofluorescence microscopy, caveolin-1 (CAV1) is visualized as numerous small dots, which are often distributed as a linear array or along the edge of the cell. Although its presence, as well as that of other proteins, can be detected by conventional immunofluorescence microscopy, those results do not clarify whether two different proteins exist in the plasma membrane of a specimen or how they are distributed two-dimensionally. Here, we describe an unroofing procedure that clearly reveals CAV1 localization in a single plane of the plasma membrane and also demonstrate a super-resolution structured illumination microscopy technique for observation of CAV1 in the plasma membrane.

We developed a deep-red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with (x, y) chromaticity coordinates of (0.709, 0.290), high external quantum efficiency of 27.4%, and higher stability than a conventional red OLED. This device realizes an OLED display with a color-gamut ratio of 101% to the BT.2020 standard.

A copper-silicon alloy (Cu-Si alloy) was examined and evaluated as a phase-change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage applications such as load shaving and peak load shifting when coupled to a solar thermochemical reactor, reformer, or gasifier for the production of solar fuel. The Cu-Si alloy was selected as a high-temperature PCM thermal storage medium alternative to molten carbonate salts, and the compatibility of this alloy with a graphite-carbon encapsulation material was experimentally examined. The cyclic thermal storage/discharge properties of the Cu-Si alloy as a latent-heat energy storage material were studied with respect to thermal cycles. A thermal stability test was performed on Cu-20 wt% Si, Cu-25 wt% Si, and Cu-30 wt% Si alloys placed in a graphite container under vacuum. The performances of the Cu-Si alloys with increasing and decreasing temperature were measured during the thermal storage (heat-charge) and cooling (heat-discharge) modes, respectively. The elemental distribution of each Cu-Si alloy after the cyclic reaction was evaluated using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The heat storage capacities before and after the cyclic reaction were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and were compared to the thermal storage properties of the molten carbonate salt.

Thermal energy storage using phase-change materials (PCM) can be utilizedfor load shaving or peak load shifting when coupled to a solar thermochemical reactor, reformer, or gasifier for the production of solar fuel. The PCM is embedded in packages or used in bulkin these storage systems, and therefore the compatibility of the encapsulation materials and the selection of the PCM arekey factorsfor ensuring the long operational life of the system. Variouskinds of molten fluoride, chloride and carbonate salts,andmixed moltensalt, which functionat high temperatures of over 500 °C, are known to cause corrosion or thermaldegradation. It is therefore worth studying newhigh-temperature PCM thermal storage alternatives to these molten salts foruse in solar thermochemical processes.In this study, the focus was on aluminum-silicon alloy (Al-Si alloy)as a high-temperature PCM thermal storage medium,and thecompatibility of this alloy with graphite-carbon encapsulation material wasexperimentally examined. The cyclic properties of thermal storage/discharge for Al-Si alloy as a latent-heat energy storage material was studied with respect to various thermal cycles. Athermal stability test was performed for the Al-20wt%Si, Al-25wt%Si, Al-30wt%Si, and Al-35wt%Si alloysplacedin the graphite container in vacuum. The temperatureincreasing and cooling performances of the Al-Si alloy weremeasured duringthe thermal storage (heat-charge) mode and during the cooling (heat-discharge) mode. Theoxidation levelof the Al-Si alloy after the cyclic reaction (20 cycles) was evaluated using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).

Newly developed red-emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.

The present authors (Niigata University, Japan) have developed a tubular reactor system using novel “double-walled” reactor/receiver tubes with carbonate molten-salt thermal storage as a phase change material (PCM) for solar reforming of natural gas and with Al-Si alloy thermal storage as a PCM for solar air receiver to produce high-temperature air. For both of the cases, the high heat capacity and large latent heat (heat of solidification) of the PCM phase circumvents the rapid temperature change of the reactor/receiver tubes at high temperatures under variable and uncontinuous characteristics of solar radiation. In this study, we examined cyclic properties of thermal storage/discharge for Cu-Si alloy in air stream in order to evaluate a potentiality of Cu-Si alloy as a PCM thermal storage material. Temperature-increasing performances of Cu-Si alloy are measured during thermal storage (or heat-charge) mode and during cooling (or heat-discharge) mode. A oxidation state of the Cu-Si alloy after the cyclic ...

Newly developed red-emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.

The surface roughness of titanium could regulate various cellular functions such as survival and growth. In the context of cell adhesion to materials, cell spreading and cell shape are also closely linked to various cellular functions. Previously, we found that Ti substrate with a 100-nm scale surface roughness reduced cell survival. However, effects of surface roughness on cell shape were not investigated. Herein, we quantified the initial adhesion behavior of osteoblasts on a Ti substrate with ~100 nm scale surface roughness, which was prepared using silicon carbide (SiC) polishing paper. To evaluate the morphological parameters, such as perimeter, feret’s diameter, circularity, and spreading area on initial adhesion, cells were cultured on SiC-polished or mirror-polished Ti for 24 h. These morphological parameters were determined from fluorescence micrographs using image J software. Cells cultured on SiC-polished Ti exhibited poor spreading area. Additionally, pseudopodia formation and actin bundle construction of the cells were also poor on SiC-polished Ti, while the cells cultured on the mirror-polished Ti exhibited clear F-actin and greater overall cytoskeletal activity. On a Ti substrate, ~100 nm scale surface roughness could be expected to inhibit the cell spreading and pseudopodia formation of osteoblasts when compared to those cultured on a smooth substrate. Thus, consistent with our earlier reports, the surface roughness of the substrate is linked to reduced cellular functions such as cell growth and differentiation.

We have developed phosphorescent OLEDs utilizing energy transfer from an exciplex to an emitter. The OLEDs based on this mechanism showed quite high efficiency, a long lifetime and low drive voltage. OLED lighting with high power efficiency exceeding 100 lm/W at a practical luminance of 5,000 cd/m2 was also successfully developed.

Introduction Porous type aluminum anodic oxide film has been widely used such as corrosion protection, nano-template and membrane filter due to highly ordered structure and controllable pore size and thickness. If porous type aluminum anodic oxide film can form locally without mask process, the application may be extend. The Sf-MDC, solution flow type micro-droplet cell makes it possible to form anodic oxide film or electrochemical reactions at selected area. Some of the authors reported local copper electro-plating on non-conductive substrate and fabrication of metal structure and current profile of model interface specimen with solution flow type microdroplet cell. The successful application of Sf-MDC to formation high aspect ratio micro-rods, area selective metal deposition was reported and this technique was also applied to investigate the electrochemical behavior of welded low carbon 13 mass% Cr stainless steels. The possibility of area selective porous type aluminum anodic oxide film formation and thickness control by Sf-MDC was reported. To avoid local film breakdown during anodizing, it is essential to lower the temperature in macro size. It was, however, found that the film growth rate increased drastically with increasing substrate temperature without local film breakdown. The purpose of this study is to examine effect of substrate temperature and repetition number of cell scanning by Sf-MDC. Experimental Substrate: Highly pure aluminum sheet (99.99 mass%, thickness; 100 μm) was used as specimen. The substrates were cleaned in ethanol in an ultrasonic bath, and then electro-polished at constant voltage of 28 V and at 281 K for 120 s in 13.6 kmol m CH3COOH/ 2.56 kmol m HClO4. After cleaning, the substrate was set on a computer controlled pulse-XYZ stage equipped with Peltier device to control substrate temperature. Anodizing: The porous type aluminum oxide was formed at constant voltage of 50V in 0.22 kmol m C2H2O4 at 293 K. The current during anodizing was also measured. A droplet of electrolyte was formed at the tip of the inner capillary tube by adjusting the solution flow rate to 1.2 x 10 m s and a vacuum pressure of 80 kPa at the vacuum pump. The substrate temperature was controlled between 283 K and 323 K, and moving speed was changed 1 μm s to 8 μm s. Observation: The formed porous type anodic oxide film surfaces and cross sections were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL co., JAMP9500-F, Hitachi High-Technologies co., TM-1000). Results and discussion Figure 1 shows SEM surface images of anodized specimens by Sf-MDC. The cell moving speed is 4 μms and temperature of a) 300K and b) 323K. According to the SEM images, it is clearly seen ordered nano-size pores on substrate anodized at both temperatures, however the thickness of the pore is different. Figure 2 shows an average current during anodizing as a function of substrate temperature. The average current increases with increasing temperature, suggesting that thicker oxide film formation. Figure 3 shows oxide film thickness as a function of cell moving speed. Because The oxide film thickness decreases with increasing cell moving speed. Reference 1) M. Sakairi, Y. Goto, T. Kikuchi and K. Fushimi, J. Surf. Finish. Soc. Jpn., 62, 511 (2011). 2) M. Sakairi, T. Murata, T. Kikuchi and K. Fushimi, ISIJ Int., 50, 1466 (2010). 3) M. Sakairi, F. Sato, Y. Gotou, K. Fushimi, T. Kikuchi and H. Takahashi, Electorochim. Acta, 54, 616 (2008). 4) M. Sakairi, Y. Goto, T. Kikuchi, K. Fushimi and H. Takahashi, Electrochemistry, 78,118 (2010). 5) S. Hasizume, T. Nakayama, M. Sakairi and K. Fushimi, Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 60, 196 (2011). 6) T. Murata, Y. Goto, M. Sakairi, K. Fushimi and T. Kikuchi, ECS Trans., 33, 57 (2011).

Cavitation is bubbling phenomena caused by local pressure reduction or strong energy concentration in liquids. Cavitation is widely observed in fluid machinery and it causes vibration, noise, erosion, and loss of efficiency. In addition, cavitation occurs in laser treatment and causes the ruin of human tissues. There are a lot of researches on cavitation phenomena in room temperature liquids. It is known that laser-induced bubble generates pressure waves, and the bubble oscillates and collapses eventually. Recently, it is reported that cavitation occurs in cryogenic liquid such as rocket propellant. However, there are few researches about cavitation in cryogenic liquid. Generally, the thermo-physical properties such as surface tension and viscosity of cryogenic liquid are different from those of room temperature water, and cavitation in cryogenic liquid occurs near boiling temperature (low subcooling region). In our experiment, single bubble was generated by focused laser, and its behavior and pressure wave were visualized. The focusing point of the laser was also settled near a wall in the liquids by designated distance. Interacting behavior of laser-induced bubble with the wall was also investigated. We chose liquid nitrogen (LN2 ) as cryogenic liquid for safety. LN2 was pressurized in order to increase the degree of subcooling. These experiments show difference of oscillation periods between bubble in water at room temperature and in liquid nitrogen. In addition, there is difference of oscillating behavior of LN2 bubbles in low and high subcooling regions. We discuss influence of the degree of subcooling and stand-off distance. It is found that shapes of deformation and oscillation period of bubble are influenced by these parameters.Copyright © 2011 by JSME

Films of ZnO have been grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using Zn powder and H2O as source materials. Variation in growth rate as a function of substrate temperature can be divided into three regions: re-evaporation region, mass transport controlled region, and surface controlled region. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the surface morphology of the film is dependent not only on substrate temperature but also on Zn source and H2O source temperatures. X-ray diffraction patterns of most of the films showed a dominant (110) peak, indicating highly A-axis oriented growth. A single crystalline A-plane ZnO film without mixed domain was successfully grown by optimizing the growth condition. Visible region photoluminescence changed from orange-red emission to blue-green emission systematically by adjusting Zn source and H2O source temperatures. This result suggests the possibility of defect control in our AP-CVD system. For the f...

Thermal desorption of He from various graphite samples irradiated with 20 keV He + ions has been studied. Thermal desorption behavior of He from Poco graphite was slightly different from that of Isograph-88 and above a dose of approximately 1018 ions/cm2 both isotropic graphites had almost identical desorption curves with peak temperatures of approximately 330°C. In the case of the graphitized paper Papyex, the amount of released He reached a maximum at a dose of 5 × 10 17 ions/cm 2 and the peak temperature on the thermal desorption curve became constant at approximately 200°C above a dose of 1 × 10 18 ions/cm 2 . The activation energy ( E d ) for He desorption from Poco graphite increased with the irradiation dose and was estimated to be 0.72 eV for a dose of 5 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 , 0.90 eV for 5 × 10 17 and 1 × 10 18 ions/cm 2 , respectively.