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Titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited on aluminium and brass pin substrates using RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The structural properties and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). There was formation of (101) Ti2N, (110) TiN2 and (102) TiN0.30 peaks at 3.5Pa, 2Pa and 1.25Pa sputtering pressure respectively. The tribological properties of coating were inspected using pin on disc tribometer equipment. It was observed that TiN coated aluminium and brass pins demonstrated improved wear resistance than uncoated aluminium and brass pins.Titanium nitride (TiN) coating deposited on aluminium and brass pin substrates using RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The structural properties and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). There was formation of (101) Ti2N, (110) TiN2 and (102) TiN0.30 peaks at 3.5Pa, 2Pa and 1.25Pa sputtering pressure respectively. The tribological properties of coating were inspected using pin on disc tribometer equipment. It was observed that TiN coated aluminium and brass pins demonstrated improved wear resistance than uncoated aluminium and brass pins.

Tantalum Nitride (TaN) based coatings are well-known for their high temperature stability and chemical inertness. We have studied the effect of nitrogen flow rate variation on the structural and tribological properties of TaN based coating deposited by RF magnetron sputtering process. The nitrogen flow rate was varied from 5 to 30 sccm. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to determine structure and surface topography of coating. Pin on disc tribometer was used to determine tribological properties of coating. TaN coated brass and mild steel substrates shows higher wear resistance compared to uncoated substrates of brass and mild steel.Tantalum Nitride (TaN) based coatings are well-known for their high temperature stability and chemical inertness. We have studied the effect of nitrogen flow rate variation on the structural and tribological properties of TaN based coating deposited by RF magnetron sputtering process. The nitrogen flow rate was varied from 5 to 30 sccm. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to determine structure and surface topography of coating. Pin on disc tribometer was used to determine tribological properties of coating. TaN coated brass and mild steel substrates shows higher wear resistance compared to uncoated substrates of brass and mild steel.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of sputtering pressure variation on Molybdenum oxide thin films were deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of sputtering pressure on structural and wettability properties of molybdenum oxide films was studied. The decrease of sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa which led to evolution of (540), (001) and (015) textures of molybdenum oxide. The XRD results show increment of preferred orientation along with (001) plane for deposited molybdenum oxide films. The average crystallite size is within range 10.09nm-27.39nm with decrease of sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa. The static contact angle formed by water and surface energy varies as a function of sputtering pressure. The surface roughness increases from 16.886 to 30.16 nm with decrease in sputtering pressure from 4.5Pa to 1.5Pa.

Summary Here in we are reporting the large scale preparation and characterization of polyethylene (PE) based interpolymer ion exchange membranes (IEMs) and their performance evaluation during water desalination by electrodialysis. The cation exchange membrane (CEM) has been prepared from cross-linked PE/polystyrene interpolymer film and the anion exchange membrane (AEM) has been prepared from cross-linked PE/polypmethylstyrene based interpolymer film by suitable functionalization reaction. Both the prepared CEM and AEM exhibited 1.5–1.30 meq g−1 ion-exchange capacity, 2.85–1.15 m Scm−1 ionic conductivity and 0.92–0.93 transport number respectively. The prepared AEM and CEM were used for brackish water desalination containing total solid content (2000–3000 mg/L) by electrodialysis in a unit of size 200 cm2 using 30 pieces of each kind of membrane under single pass mode with final flow of purified water 7.2–8.4 L/h. The power consumption (W) and current efficiency (CE %) of the desalination processes were 0.789–0.796 kWh/kg and 87–86% respectively. On the contrary the W and CE% values were 1.125–1.07 kWh/kg and 61–64% for commercial IONSEP membranes during water desalination under similar experimental condition. These values indicate the better performance of developed membranes and established the validation of the process in large scale.

We report in-sight studies on concentration polarization and water splitting, responsible for in-situ regeneration of ion-exchange resin during electro-deionization (EDI) without any use of acid/base. Herein, we introduced rapid EDI (REDI) with high productivity of ultrapure water (resistivity: 18.2 MΩ cm). The effect of membrane surface charge concentration on EDI performance was broadly investigated for cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) with 1.2–4.7 × 10 −5 mol cm −3 surface charge concentrations. In these cases, well-commercialized interpolymer anion-exchange membrane (IP-AEM) was used. Resin wafers, in place of loose resin, avoids several difficulties during EDI such as inconsistent performance, unequal fluid flow distribution, draining of resin with flow stream, etc. Using CEM with high surface charge concentration, energy consumption was significantly reduced, while energy efficiency and productivity were improved. EDI process with highly charged CEM (SPS-62) showed 0.85 kWh m −3 energy consumption, 0.13 m h −1 productivity and 81.3% current efficiency. After several ED experiments, ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of resin was unaltered, which ensured the in-situ resin regeneration and longevity of process.