Author: "Pascal Berger" / Topic: materials science - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Efficiency and durability of protective treatments on cultural heritage copper corrosion layers

Author: Emilande Apchain, Philippe Dillmann, Albert Noumowe, Jean-Paul Gallien, Pascal Berger, Nicolas Nuns, Delphine Neff, Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil (L2MGC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Fondation des Sciences du Patrimoine ne (EUR-17-EURE-0021), ANR-10-LABX-0094,PATRIMA,Tangible heritage(2010), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Corrosion, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, protective treatments, copper alloys, microcrystalline wax, Microcrystalline wax, Wax, atmospheric corrosion, Metallurgy, General Chemistry, Penetration (firestop), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Durability, Copper, 6. Clean water, chemistry, visual_art, copper, visual_art.visual_art_medium, decanoate solution, Leaching (metallurgy), Erosion corrosion of copper water tubes, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; To protect copper artefacts of the cultural heritage from atmospheric degradation protective treatment must be applied. Two types of protective treatments: microcrystalline wax (Cosmolloïd wax) and decanoate solution (HC10) were tested. Two aspects were considered: the penetration of the treatments in the corrosion layers, and its durability. Equivalent efficiencies for both treatments were demonstrated. The penetration of the treatments seems to depend essentially on its application mode. Re-corrosion experiments of treated samples under immersion in D2O demonstrate that the efficiency and the durability with time or after water leaching depend on the penetration of the treatments in the corrosion layers.
Published: 2021

2. Effect of mechanical surface treatments on the high temperature oxidation of pure titanium: the role of nitrogen

Author: M. de Lucas, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Tony Montesin, A. Kanjer, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, Patrice Peyre, Cyril Gorny, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Peening, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, TA1-2040, 0210 nano-technology, Ductility, Carbon, Titanium
Abstract: International audience; The mechanically treated high temperature (700°C) oxidation of commercially pure titanium was studied for long exposures (3000 h). The treatments studied here are the shot-peening and the laser-shock peening. The mass gain was measured by discontinued weighing. SEM and Raman imaging revealed strong differences between laser-shock peened, shot-peened and untreated oxidized samples. The laser treatment leads to thin compact and protective oxide layer while the shot-peened and untreated samples exhibit cracked oxide layers. The distribution of light elements like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen was revealed by Ion Beam Analysis. The presence of nitrogen located at the interface between the oxide scale and the metal was revealed on laser-shock peened samples. It is supposed the nitrogen slows-down the oxygen diffusion into the metal. The extent of the oxygen-enriched metal is also smaller on LSP samples, which improves the ductility of titanium.
Published: 2020

3. High temperature oxidation resistance and microstructure of laser-shock peened Ti-Beta-21S

Author: Patrice Peyre, Virgil Optasanu, Tony Montesin, Pascal Berger, Cyril Gorny, L. Lavisse, A. Kanjer, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Solid-state chemistry, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Materials science, Diffusion, Alloy, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, Oxygen, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Oxygen diffusion, High temperature oxidation, 020502 materials, oxidation kinetics, technology, industry, and agriculture, Titanium alloy, Peening, Metastable beta-titanium, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, equipment and supplies, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Mechanical surface treatments, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Improving the high temperature (HT) resistance of titanium alloys is currently a technological challenge for extending their use in aerospace engines. Ti-Beta-21S is a metastable $\beta$ titanium alloy specifically designed for high temperature applications up to 593 °C. We report the effect of a surface treatment by laser-shock peening (LSP) on the high temperature behavior of Ti-Beta-21S in order to increase further its maximum service temperature. The oxidation kinetics at 700 °C for duration up to 3000 h showed that the LSP treatment increases the oxidation resistance of Ti-Beta-21S. The effects of the LSP treatment on the alloy microstructure, its evolution at high temperature and the diffusion of light atmospheric elements (oxygen and nitrogen) are also reported.
Published: 2020

4. Improving the high temperature oxidation resistance of pure titanium by shot-peening treatments

Author: Tony Montesin, Nicolas Geoffroy, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, Olivier Heintz, M.C. Marco de Lucas, A. Kanjer, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée ( LASMIS ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, Shot peening, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Tungsten carbide, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Titanium
Abstract: International audience; Shot-peening (SP) treatments have shown their capacity to improve the oxidation resistance of titanium and zirconium thanks to the large compressive stresses and the surface hardening induced by this mechanical process. However, shot-peening treatments can produce a surface chemical deposit, which can modify the high temperature oxidation resistance. Here, we study pure titanium samples shot-peened with different type of balls: tungsten carbide, alumina or glass. The oxidation behavior was studied at 700 °C in dry air by thermo gravimetric analysis for short isotherm oxidation periods up to 100 h. Also, long oxidation tests (3000 h) at 700 °C were performed with an intermittent monitoring of the samples mass. The oxidized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, XPS and nuclear reaction analysis. After 100 h of oxidation the alumina ball shot-peening treatment produced the most resistant samples. The smallest α-case area was found for the samples that received the most energetic mechanical treatment. The formation of a continuous nitride layer observed underneath the oxide layer can explain the oxidation resistance improvement. Shot-peening treatments with alumina balls produce an alumina deposit on the samples surface that participates to reduce the oxidation. The chemical and structural surface modifications brought by the mechanical treatment participate to the oxidation resistance improvement. For long oxidation periods (3000 h), the shot-peening with WC balls followed by a stripping with glass balls was the only treatment that showed an oxidation resistance improvement.
Published: 2018

5. Overview on the intercalation of gold into graphite

Author: Pascal Berger, Sébastien Cahen, Mélissa Fauchard, Claire Hérold, Philippe Lagrange, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microprobe, Materials science, Potassium, Intercalation (chemistry), Stacking, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Metal, Crystallography, chemistry, Metastability, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Graphite, 0210 nano-technology, Ternary operation
Abstract: International audience; The intercalation of gold into graphite has been achieved thanks to a solid-liquid method using potassium metal-based molten alloys. Numerous syntheses have been performed varying the reactive alloy composition, the reaction temperature and the reaction time. The optimization of these parameters allowed to synthesize three novel ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) containing poly-layered intercalated sheets, called alpha, beta and gamma. Thanks to a specific X-Ray diffraction study, the c-axis stacking sequence of the three compounds was determined. The a-GIC, which is a metastable compound, contains mixed potassium and gold two-layered intercalated sheets. The b-GIC and g-GIC contain very thick well ordered threelayered and five-layered sheets respectively. The very high repeat distances of the latter compounds are clearly explained by the amount of intercalated metals, precisely determined using nuclear microprobe analyses.
Published: 2019

6. Influence of ultra-low ethylene partial pressure on microstructural and compositional evolution of sputter-deposited Zr-C thin films

Author: Hicham Zaid, Joshua Fankhauser, Pascal Berger, Suneel Kodambaka, Tyson C. Back, Angel Aleman, Chao Li, Koichi Tanaka, Mark S. Goorsky, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering [Los Angeles] (AME), University of Southern California (USC), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), United States Air Force (USAF), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Dr. Ali Sayir) under Grant # FA9550-14-1-0106 and # FA9550-18-1-0050, Office of Naval Research (Dr. Chagaan Baatar) under Grant #N00014-12-1-0518, Japanese Student Service Organization (L16111111026), UCLA department of materials science and engineering, National Science Foundation (NSF CMMI) grant #1563427 (Dr. Kara Peters), the Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines supported by NIH (1S10RR23057) and the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Partial pressure, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Amorphous solid, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Crystallite, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Zr-C thin films are grown on single-crystalline MgO(001) substrates via ultra-high vacuum dc magnetron sputtering of Zr target in 10 mTorr Ar-C$_2$H$_4$ gas mixtures with ethylene partial pressures ($P_{C2H4}$) between 2 × 10$^{−7}$ Torr and 2 × 10$^{−4}$ Torr at substrate temperature $T_s$ = 923 K and using $P_{C2H4}$ = 2 × 10$^{−6}$ Torr at 723 K ≤ $T_s$ ≤ 1123 K. The as-deposited layer microstructure and composition are determined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that the layers sputter-deposited at $T_s$ = 923 K using the lowest $P_{C2H4}$ = 2 × 10$^{−7}$ Torr are polycrystalline, close-packed hexagonal structured Zr:C solid solutions. At higher $P_{C2H4}$ = 2 × 10$^{−6}$ Torr and 2 × 10$^{−5}$ Torr, we obtain films composed of free‑carbon (C) and NaCl-structured ZrC$_x$, $x$ ≤ 1. The amount of C increases 104% with ten-fold increase in $P_{C2H4}$ from 2 × 10$^{−6}$ Torr to 2 × 10$^{−5}$ Torr. At the highest $P_{C2H4}$ = 2 × 10$^{−4}$ Torr, the layers are X-ray amorphous with $\sim$49 at.% C. Films grown at 723 K ≤ $T_s$ ≤ 1123 K using constant $P_{C2H4}$ = 2 × 10$^{−6}$ Torr exhibit qualitatively similar microstructures, irrespective of $T_s$, composed of dense columnar ZrC$_x$ grains surrounded by C and corrugated surfaces. Our results suggest that the compositional and microstructural evolution of Zr-C films during reactive sputter-deposition of Zr is highly sensitive to ethylene partial pressure, with as little as 0.02% of the total pressure sufficient at $T_s$ ≥ 723 K to obtain ZrC$_x$ films.
Published: 2020

7. LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt as an original and efficient medium to intercalate metals into graphite: Case of europium

Author: G. Lamura, Philippe Lagrange, Ghouti Medjahdi, Romain Guillot, Pascal Berger, Mickaël Bolmont, C. Herold, Mélissa Fauchard, Sébastien Cahen, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), CNR-SPIN, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ion beam analysis, Materials science, Intercalation (chemistry), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Graphite intercalation compound, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Antiferromagnetism, General Materials Science, Graphite, Molten salt, 0210 nano-technology, Europium, Eutectic system
Abstract: International audience; We present the successful intercalation of europium into graphite by using an original method based on LiCl-KCl molten salts mixture. After solubilization of europium in the liquid chlorides mixture at 450 °C, reactivity toward graphite is investigated. We evidence the formation of the first stage EuC$_6$ Graphite Intercalation Compound (GIC) with a repeat distance Ic = 487 pm. Using 00$l$ X-ray diffraction and ion beam analysis, we show that europium is intercalated into the bulk with remarkable degree of homogeneity. This is also confirmed by magnetic measurements that clearly put in evidence the antiferromagnetic transition at about T$_N$ = 40 K. Below such temperature the characteristic step-like behavior of metamagnetic transitions was found by isothermal magnetization measurements, that is generally visible only in highly pure samples.
Published: 2018

8. Role of the different defects, their population and distribution in the LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 heterostructure's behavior

Author: Xuan P. A. Gao, Walter R. L. Lambrecht, Ittipon Fongkaew, Alp Sehirlioglu, Richard Akrobetu, Nicholas J. Goble, Michael Walls, Marie-Hélène Berger, Denis Jalabert, Hicham Zaid, Pascal Berger, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), CNRS-CEA 'METSA' French network (FR CNRS 3507), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant No. FA 9550-12-1-0441, Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MECHANISM, STRAIN, Materials science, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, ELECTRON-GAS, 02 engineering and technology, Dipolar field, Conductivity, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, OXIDE INTERFACES, 0103 physical sciences, Laalo3 srtio3, 010306 general physics, education, CONDUCTIVITY, HETEROINTERFACE, education.field_of_study, Condensed matter physics, Heterojunction, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, MOBILITY, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Charge carrier, 0210 nano-technology, Fermi gas
Abstract: International audience; Hetero-interfaces between epitaxial LaAlO3 films and SrTiO3 substrates can exhibit an insulator-metal transition at a critical film thickness above which a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas forms. This work aims to elucidate the significant role the defects play in determining the sources of non-mobile and mobile carriers, the critical thickness, and the dipolar field screening. A model is built based on a comprehensive investigation of the origin of charge carriers and the advanced analysis of structural factors that affect the electronic properties of these hetero-epitaxial interfaces.
Published: 2018

9. Complementary Ion Beam Analysis and Raman Studies for Investigation of the Carbon Coating Impact on Li Insertion/Deinsertion Process at LiFePO$_4$/C Electrodes

Author: Dominique Gosset, Sophie Mailley, Delphine Neff, Suzy Surblé, Pascal Berger, Hicham Khodja, Cyril Paireau, Aurélien Habrioux, Sébastien Patoux, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors thank the nanoscience program of CEA for fundingwithin the frame of ChimTronique subprogram, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: Materials science, Ion beam, 020209 energy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, symbols.namesake, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ion beam analysis, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrode, symbols, Lithium, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Electrode materials were prepared using two commercial C-LiFePO$_4$ powders (called hereafter LFP-A and LFP-B). The nature and the thickness of carbon coating have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The carbon coating of the LFP-B is more graphitized than LFP-A, which appears amorphous. The lithium distribution of these electrodes is investigated using ion beam techniques as a function of its state of charge (SOC). The nuclear microanalyses reveal the presence of different dopings in the active materials (Ti or V). A layer richer in carbon (in addition to the composite electrode) is systematically observed on LFP-A pristine and cycled electrodes. In both materials, immobilization of lithium is visible. Higher content of lithium was observed for the LFP-B electrode.
Published: 2017

10. Evolution of the composition of nanoparticles formed by the nanosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation of an aluminium target in N2–O2 gas mixtures

Author: Jean-Marie Jouvard, Jin Yu, M. Girault, Pascal Berger, Sylvie Bourgeois, L. Lavisse, Erwann Carvou, J.L. Le Garrec, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Valérie Potin, James Mitchell, Georg Daniel Förster, François-Xavier Ouf, F. Calvo, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( LICB ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire ( IRSN ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] ( LIPhy ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Gas composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Laser ablation, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Aluminium oxynitride, Aluminium nitride, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, chemistry, Nd:YAG laser, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Aluminium oxide, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Laser ablation of metallic targets in gas atmospheres gives rise to the formation of nanoparticle (NP) powders when high laser irradiances (i.e., > 1 GW/cm² for aluminium targets) are used. The properties of the NPs so formed vary as a function of the laser irradiation parameters and the pressure and composition of the ambient gas. Here, we studied the composition and structure of NPs formed by laser ablation of Al targets with a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1064 nm. The laser irradiance was 2.5 GW/cm2. N2–O2 gas mixtures containing different amounts of nitrogen (100–80 vol% N2) were used as ambient gas at atmospheric pressure. The influence of the ambient gas composition on the morphology and the structure of the NPs was studied ex-situ by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Their composition of light elements was determined by ion beam analysis. It was shown that together with metallic aluminium, different amounts of aluminium nitride and aluminium oxynitride were formed in the NPs as a function of the nitrogen concentration in the ambient gas. Below 95 vol% N2, the concentration of nitride phases decreases strongly. However, the formation of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) was not observed, whereas it was detected in NPs formed in air. A discussion of these results that takes into account the dynamics of the plasma plume is proposed.
Published: 2017

11. Effect of laser shock peening on the high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium

Author: Olivier Heintz, Virgil Optasanu, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Pascal Berger, A. Kanjer, L. Lavisse, Nicolas Geoffroy, Patrice Peyre, Cyril Gorny, Frédéric Herbst, Tony Montesin, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [Paris] ( PIMM ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)
Subjects: Surface analysis, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Nuclear reaction analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Nitrogen insertion, Laser shock peening, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, Titanium, High temperature oxidation, Mécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Metallurgy, Peening, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The effect of laser shock peening on the high temperature oxidation resistance of commercial pure titanium at high temperature (700 °C) was studied in long-time (3000 h) exposure under dry air. A reduction of the gain mass by a factor 4 was found for laser-shock peened (LSP) samples compared to untreated titanium, which supports the interest of laser-shock treatment for the improvement of high temperature resistance. Short-durations (10 h and 100 h) oxidation experiments, devoted to investigate the influence of the LSP treatment on the first stages of the oxidation process, were also carried out by TGA. Several techniques as scanning electron microsco-py, hardness and roughness measurements, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, micro-Raman spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis and electron backscattered diffraction were used to characterize the sample after laser treatment and oxidations. The formation of a continuous nitrogen-rich layer between the oxide layer and the α-case area in LSP samples appears to be the key factor to explain the reduction of oxygen diffusion, and thus the improvement of the oxidation resistance of laser shocked titanium. Moreover, the grain-texture of LSP samples after oxidation can also explain the improvement of the high temperature oxidation resistance after long times exposures.
Published: 2017

12. Influence of Mechanical Surface Treatment on High-Temperature Oxidation of Pure Titanium

Author: Steeve Dejardin, Tony Montesin, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Patrice Peyre, Cyril Gorny, Pascal Berger, A. Kanjer, L. Lavisse, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée ( LASMIS ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [Paris] ( PIMM ), and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Shot-peening, Alloy, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, engineering.material, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, Laser-shock peening, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Metal, Titanium High-temperature oxidation Shot-peening Laser-shock peening, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optical microscope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, High-temperature oxidation, 010302 applied physics, Titanium, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, Titanium alloy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The excellent combination of light-weight and good mechanical properties makes titanium alloys attractive for compressor section components in gas turbine engines (temperature between 250 and 600 °C). However, above 600 °C, the formation of an unprotective oxide layer facilitates the oxygen diffusion into the alloy. In this experimental study, pure titanium was treated with mechanical surface treatment to promote better protection against oxidation at high temperature. Shot-peened and laser-shock peened specimens were compared to untreated samples in terms of oxidation behavior at high temperature. We used thermal gravimetric analysis to oxidize the samples at 700 °C for 100 h. Subsequently, XRD, optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, NRA, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and micro-hardness were used to characterize the oxide scale and the alpha-case layer formed during the high-temperature exposure. The shot-peened samples oxidized less (−45%) than the untreated and laser-shock peened samples. This behavior was attributed to the formation of a continuous nitride layer between oxide and metal.
Published: 2017

13. Influence of the composition of titanium oxynitride layers on the fretting behavior of functionalized titanium substrates: PVD films versus surface laser treatments

Author: C. Lopes, F. Torrent, Pascal Berger, G. Pillon, L. Lavisse, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Filipe Vaz, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departamento de Física [Minho] ( DFUM ), Universidade do Minho, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Departamento de Física [Minho] (DFUM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga]
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Fretting, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Laser nitriding PVD Titanium Tribology NRA Raman spectroscopy, symbols.namesake, Coating, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, 010302 applied physics, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Titanium oxide, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Physical vapor deposition, engineering, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Layer (electronics), Titanium
Abstract: International audience; Abstract In this work we compared the fretting behavior of pure titanium plates functionalized with titanium oxynitride surface layers, obtained by two methods: a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method, reactive magnetron sputtering, and Surface Laser Treatments (SLT), under different mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen. The composition of the layers was determined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and their structure was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. PVD layers were TiN-like fcc layers, with an oxygen concentration going from 36 to 50 at.%. Three SLT layers were studied. The first one was a TiN-like layer containing ~28 at.% of oxygen. The second one was formed of different titanium oxide phases containing ~5 at.% of nitrogen. The third one was a titanium dioxide layer with a negligible concentration of nitrogen. It was found that the steady friction coefficient was similar for all the layers and quite lower than that measured for uncoated Ti. The study of the fretting scars revealed a higher resistance of SLT layers to fretting wear, which can be due to the smooth layer-substrate interface. The detachment of coating particles was observed in some PVD layers. Finally, the transfer of matter between the first bodies was studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy and nuclear reaction techniques: NRA and Particle Induced X-ray Emission.
Published: 2014

14. Characterization of Oxygen-Enriched Layers of TA6V, Titanium, and Zirconium by Scanning Microwave Microscopy

Author: Raphael Selon, Virgil Optasanu, A. Kanjer, Pascal Berger, Tony Montesin, Eric Lesniewska, L. Lavisse, A. Sanchot, Pauline Vitry, Eric Bourillot, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Zirconium, Materials science, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Nuclear reaction analysis, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Microscopy, Materials Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave, Solid solution, Titanium
Abstract: International audience; A technique based on scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) has recently been developed to analyze solid solutions of light elements. This technique consists in local measurements of effects produced by electrical conductivity variations produced by light elements solutions in metals. The penetration of the microwaves into the metals depends on their frequency and the material parameters. Information regarding the local conductivity of the material at different depths can be recorded using various frequencies. In this paper, SMM measurements of the oxygen-enriched zone are presented for several materials: TA6V, pure Ti, and pure Zr. Comparisons with concentration measurements made by nuclear reaction analysis allow one to affirm that for all the materials investigated here the phase shift measured by SMM is proportional to the oxygen concentration dissolved into the metal. Calibration functions are proposed for each material and frequency used. After calibration, the SMM can be used to measure local enrichments.
Published: 2016

15. Wavelength influence on nitrogen insertion into titanium by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation in air

Author: Pascal Berger, Jean-Marie Jouvard, H. Andrzejewski, M.C. Marco de Lucas, L. Lavisse, G. Pillon, F. Torrent, and Sylvie Bourgeois
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Nitrogen, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, law.invention, Surface coating, symbols.namesake, chemistry, law, Nuclear reaction analysis, symbols, Irradiation, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Titanium
Abstract: We studied in this work the influence of the wavelength (532 vs. 1064 nm) on the insertion of nitrogen in titanium targets by surface laser treatments in air. The laser pulses were of 5 ns and the irradiance was lower than 25 × 10 12 W/m 2 . Results obtained using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm were compared with those previously reported for laser treatments at 1064 nm. Nuclear reaction analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used for determining the composition and the structure of the surface layers, respectively. Results showed the lower efficiency of irradiation at 532 nm for nitrogen insertion, which is possible only above threshold conditions depending on both the laser irradiance and the number of cumulated impacts per point. This was explained as being due to a higher ablative effect in the visible range. The insertion of oxygen giving rise to the growth of titanium oxynitrides was also discussed.
Published: 2013

16. Hydrogen diffusion process in the oxides formed on Zirconium Alloys during corrosion in Pressurized Water Reactor Conditions

Author: Romain Verlet, Frantz Martin, Nicolas Nuns, Pascal Berger, Marc Tupin, J. Chêne, Serge Pascal, Philippe Bossis, Caroline Bisor, François Jomard, Service d'Etudes des Matériaux Irradiés (SEMI), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique Systèmes et Simulation (LM2S), Service d'Etudes Mécaniques et Thermiques (SEMT), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Institut des Molécules et de la Matière Condensée de Lille (IMMCL), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, Thermal desorption spectroscopy, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, Inorganic chemistry, Alloy, Zirconium alloy, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Anaerobic corrosion
Abstract: International audience; During the corrosion in primary water of zirconium alloys, a fraction of hydrogen from the water diffuses through the oxide into the alloy. To better understand the hydriding process, isotopic tracers and SIMS experiments were performed on oxides grown on Zircaloy-4 alloy under simulated primary water conditions. Results showed the oxide film in pre-transition is divided into two sub-layers, an external one, highly permeable to hydrogen and an inner protective one. Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy analyses revealed two interaction sites of hydrogen, located in each oxide sublayer. Apparent diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in both oxide sublayers were estimated with different methods.
Published: 2016
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17. Atomic-resolved depth profile of strain and cation intermixing around LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces

Author: Nicholas J. Goble, Alp Sehirlioglu, Ittipon Fongkaew, Xuan P. A. Gao, Marie-Hélène Berger, Hicham Zaid, Pascal Berger, Michael Walls, Denis Jalabert, Richard Akrobetu, Walter R. L. Lambrecht, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], department of physics, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), The MEIS measurements were performed at the laboratory CEA tech/Leti/DTSI/SCMC in Grenoble and François Pierre and Philippe Charrault are gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge financial support from the CNRS-CEA 'METSA' French network (FR CNRS 3507) for the USTEM experiments conducted on the LPS (Université Paris-Sud) platform. This work is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant FA 9550-12-1-0441., Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Superconductivity, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Resolution (electron density), Heterojunction, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Crystal structure, Conductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Electrical conductor
Abstract: Novel behavior has been observed at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures such as two dimensional metallic conductivity, magnetic scattering and superconductivity. However, both the origins and quantification of such behavior have been complicated due to an interplay of mechanical, chemical and electronic factors. Here chemical and strain profiles near the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures are correlated. Conductive and insulating samples have been processed, with thicknesses respectively above and below the commonly admitted conductivity threshold. The intermixing and structural distortions within the crystal lattice have been quantitatively measured near the interface with a depth resolution of unit cell size. A strong link between intermixing and structural distortions at such interfaces is highlighted: intermixing was more pronounced in the hetero-couple with conductive interface, whereas in-plane compressive strains extended deeper within the substrate of the hetero-couple with the insulating interface. This allows a better understanding of the interface local mechanisms leading to the conductivity.
Published: 2016

18. Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis

Author: Hicham Khodja, Caroline Raepsaet, Pascal Berger, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Hydrogen, DLC films, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion Beam Analysis, Elastic recoil, Recoil, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, Proton Conductors, Anhydrous Minerals, Ion beam analysis, Hydrides, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Zircaloy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computational physics, Elastic recoil detection, SiGe multilayers, chemistry, Elastic Recoil, 0210 nano-technology, Beam (structure)
Abstract: International audience; Among the family of Ion Beam Analysis techniques for material characterization, Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) exploits the spectroscopy of recoil nuclei moving under the impact of the ions of the beam. This technique is well suited to light elements profiling, especially for hydrogen measurements which can be performed with usual helium-4 beams available in most facilities. This chapter presents an overview of ERDA main features and focuses on a selection of recent papers dealing with hydrogen measurements in materials for miscellaneous applications, divided into four sections: metals, ceramics, minerals, and thin films.
Published: 2016

19. Long-term corrosion of rebars embedded in aerial and hydraulic binders – Mechanisms and crucial physico-chemical parameters

Author: Pascal Berger, Valérie L’Hostis, Walter-John Chitty, and Philippe Dillmann
Subjects: Materials science, Tritiated water, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Thermal diffusivity, Oxygen, Chemical reaction, Corrosion, Cathodic protection, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Composite material, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: The prediction of long-term behaviour of reinforced concrete structures involved in the nuclear industry requires the comprehension of the mechanism involved in long-term corrosion. Yet, studies on archeological artefacts allowed to identify a typical layout constituted of four layers: the metal, the dense product layer (DPL), the transformed medium (TM) and the binder. Oxygen reaction sites were labelled using oxygen 18 ( 18 O) and it was evidenced that the cathodic sites are located at the metal/dense product layer interface. So, oxygen has to crossed the DPL to react at the M/DPL interface or inside the marblings, and measurements of the effective tritiated water (2.6 ± 0.1 × 10 −11 m 2 /s) and iodide (1.0 ± 0.3 × 10 −11 m 2 /s) diffusivity of this layer saturated with water were made. Indeed, these two molecules have a diffusivity in water very closed to oxygen diffusivity.
Published: 2008

20. Microstructure, hydrogen distribution and electrical properties of melt grown high temperature protonic conductors

Author: Ali Sayir, Pascal Berger, Marie-Hélène Berger, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Glenn Research Center, NASA, Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (CDM), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: Microprobe, Directional solidification, Materials science, Cation ordering, Ion beam, Hydrogen, Diffusion, Niobium, Analytical chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010302 applied physics, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Microstructure, High temperature protonic conductors, Complex perovskite, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Hydrogen distribution, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: A Sr 3 ( Ca 1 + x Nb 2 - x ) O 9 - δ High Temperature Protonic Conductor has been produced using the melt growth process with the aim of reducing the grain-boundary blocking effect in proton conduction. The microstructure is characteristic of a cellular growth with cell dimension of 10– 20 μ m in width and 100 μ m in length. The cells have distinct core and shell regions. A composition gradient in bivalent to pentavalent cation ratio is observed from the core to the shell. The cores act as channels for hydrogen diffusion. Nano-scaled domains have been revealed inside the cells identified as domains of 1:1 order of the cations on the B sites and orientation variants in the oxygen octahedra tilting. Ion Beam Analyses using a Nuclear Microprobe reveal only a slight hydrolysis of the surface after heat treatment of 10 h at 500 ∘ C in wet air. Protonic conductivity is discussed and improvements are suggested by optimizing the calcium to niobium ratio of the constituent elements and designing larger cells.
Published: 2006

21. A study of transport phenomena in the corrosion products of ferrous archaeological artefacts using 18O tracing and nuclear microprobe analysis

Author: Pascal Berger, Philippe Dillmann, and E. Vega
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Microprobe, Materials science, Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, Alloy, Oxide, engineering.material, Archaeology, Ferrous, Corrosion, Cathodic protection, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Instrumentation
Abstract: Studies of ferrous archaeological artefacts corroded in soil are of great interest for the cultural heritage community and for the prediction of very long term corrosion behaviour of low alloy steels. One important hypothesis of recent studies is that corrosion mechanisms seem to be controlled by oxygen diffusion that is solved in the soil water and in the porosities of the corrosion products. Consequently, cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions should happen at the metal/oxide interface. In order to verify this assertion, several experiments were done using 18 O tracers, to visualize where the corrosion reactions take place in the system. Samples collected on archaeological ferrous artefacts were put with their already formed corrosion products in water previously deoxygenised and equilibrated with 18 O at a pressure of 1.2 atm. After various exposition periods, samples were removed and transverse sections were made. The distribution of the remaining 18 O precipitated product in the ancient corrosion products was mapped by means of the 18 O(p,α) 15 N reaction. Indeed, this 18 O presence seems to reveal the precipitation of new oxidation products and confirm the location of the cathodic reaction at the metal/oxide interface.
Published: 2005

22. Quantitative AES, XPS and RBS determination of intergranular bismuth coverage in copper bicrystals at 500 °C

Author: Krzysztof Wolski, Vincent Laporte, and Pascal Berger
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, Materials science, Metallurgy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Intergranular corrosion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Copper, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Bismuth, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Liquid metal embrittlement, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Embrittlement
Abstract: We report on a comparative measurement of intergranular bismuth coverage on a copper substrate using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Bicrystalline copper samples were put in presence of bismuth vapour at 500 °C (consequently embrittled by the grain-boundary penetration of Bi atoms), water-quenched and subsequently fractured at room temperature. Each fracture surface was analysed by AES, XPS and RBS with the help of quantitative procedures developed for each of the three techniques. All possible sources of discrepancy were carefully examined. The combined quantitative approaches have led to excellent agreement. Such a good agreement constitutes a necessary condition to begin a critical discussion on the mechanisms potentially involved in the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon.
Published: 2005

23. A Thermo-Kinetic Study of Titanium Oxidation Assisted by a Nd-YAG Pulsed Laser

Author: Dominique Grevey, Cécile Langlade, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, and A. B. Vannes
Subjects: Pulsed laser, Anatase, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surface finish, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Kinetic energy, Titanium oxide, law.invention, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Rutile, law, General Materials Science, Titanium
Published: 2004

24. High temperature oxidation of zirconium and zircaloy-4 under applied load: Nuclear microprobe study of the growth of the oxide

Author: Gérard Moulin, M. Viennot, Pascal Berger, and R. El Tahhann
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zirconium, Microprobe, Materials science, Zirconium alloy, Oxygen transport, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nuclear reaction analysis, Cubic zirconia, Instrumentation, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: The understanding of the mechanisms of high temperature growth of zirconium oxide on zircaloy alloys is of considerable importance owing to the world-wide use of zirconium in nuclear plants. Spallations and growth recovery are known to originate in structural changes of the oxide, but the induced modifications in the oxygen transport have still to be investigated. The zirconia is known to grow mainly by anionic transport, but, due to the very high solubility of oxygen in zirconium, the oxygen penetration profile may be rather complex and extend beyond the oxide/metal interface. The nuclear microprobe offers an attractive way to investigate the oxygen penetration, both from RBS and NRA. In the case of parallel mechanical loading and high temperature oxidation, the oxygen diffusivity is very sensitive to the generated defects in the oxide scales. The use of alternate 16O/18O atmosphere and subsequent local microanalysis by means of 18O(p,α)15N nuclear reaction allows to investigate the effect of the mechanical loading on the oxygen penetration.
Published: 2003

25. Effect of NiO scales on the creep behavior of Ni single crystals at 550°C

Author: M. Viennot, Gérard Moulin, Pascal Berger, and L. Gaillet
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Effective stress, Metallurgy, Oxide, Diffusion creep, Condensed Matter Physics, Stress (mechanics), Cracking, chemistry.chemical_compound, Deformation mechanism, chemistry, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, Stress relaxation, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract: The creep properties of Ni(111) monocrystals are studied in oxygen at 550 °C: Ni samples were covered with a thermally grown NiO scale prior to the experiments. Three distinct mechanical studies were performed, global creep; local creep (periodic cracking technique) and stress relaxation. The global creep behavior of preoxidized nickel is divided into two stress domains associated with a diffusion creep mechanism (up to 35–40 MPa) and a power law creep (above 40 MPa). These results are confirmed by local creep analysis based on a periodic cracking process of the thin oxidized zone (‘periodic film cracking’ technique). Also modifications of deformation mechanism, between bare samples and samples covered with a NiO outer scale, are observed and associated with the properties of defects in the substrate near the oxide scale. Stress relaxation serves to identify the two effective stresses that must be taken into account: a stress which can be relaxed (Δ σ ) and a permanent internal stress ( σ i ). Δ σ is the effective stress for diffusion of mobile species in creep. Above mechanical loading of 40 MPa, stress relaxation suggests that, after complete oxide layer destruction, either a new continuous NiO scale develops, or the healing of cracks occurs.
Published: 2002

26. Formation and characterization of hydride blisters in Zircaloy 4 cladding tubes

Author: Pascal Berger, Jérôme Crépin, Sophie Bosonnet, Ousmane Dieye, Eddy Foy, Quentin Auzoux, Arthur Hellouin de Menibus, Jacques Besson, Vincent Macdonald, Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service d'Etudes des Matériaux Irradiés (SEMI), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Cladding (metalworking), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zirconium, Materials science, Hydrogen, Hydride, 020209 energy, Zirconium alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Blisters, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Elastic recoil detection, Surface coating, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, General Materials Science, Composite material, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; This article is focused on the formation of hydride blisters in zirconium alloys an experimental and theoretical standpoint, and their characterization in terms of morphology, hydrides crystallographic phases, hardness and hydrogen concentration. An experimental setup was developed to grow hydride blisters on pre-hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes by thermo-diffusion. The thermal conditions were optimized based on thermo-diffusion calculations, that take into account the hysteresis in the hydrogen solubility limit, to obtain a high blister growth rate. Micro-X-ray Diffraction (XRD), nano-hardness and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) showed that the blisters contain a hydrogen gradient, with pure δδ-hydride phase close to the external surface over one third of the blister depth. Thermo-diffusion calculations showed these half thickness blisters should grow in only a few days in PWR conditions. Eventually, the Diffusion Equilibrium Threshold (DET) was defined as a criterion that limits the blister growth, and emphasizes that the hysteresis in the hydrogen solubility limit in zirconium must be taken into account to model hydrogen thermo-diffusion in zirconium alloys.
Published: 2014

27. Graphite–lithium–europium system: Modulation of the structural and physical properties of the lamellar phases as a consequence of their chemical composition

Author: Sébastien Cahen, Pascal Berger, Claire Hérold, Hania Rida, Mélissa Fauchard, Jean-François Marêché, Philippe Lagrange, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Graphene, Intercalation (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Homogeneous distribution, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry, law, Organic chemistry, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Lamellar structure, Lithium, Graphite, 0210 nano-technology, Europium, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; This paper summarizes the whole chemical, structural and magnetic properties collected in the graphite–lithium–europium system. The intercalation mechanisms which occur during reactions between graphite and lithium–europium liquid alloys have been identified. The investigation of the experimental parameters leads to the optimized conditions to isolate europium-based graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) denoted a-phase and c-phase. The ion beam analysis has been carried out to simultaneously quantify the amount of carbon, lithium and europium in a same sample. The a-phase shows a homogeneous distribution of the elements laterally and in depth, with a Li0.2Eu2C6 chemical formula. The unexpected presence of lithium has been revealed in the c-phase but the EuC6 GIC is clearly detected, in agreement with X-ray diffraction experiments. The structural properties of Li0.2Eu2C6 have been studied and a Li–Eu–Eu–Eu–Li poly-layered sheet intercalated between graphene planes has been showed along the c-axis, with c = 3.IC = 2400 pm. The presence of lithium allows the building of a poly-layered metallic structure leading to specific magnetic properties different from those of EuC6. In the latter case, lithium does not affect either the structural or the magnetic properties of the intercalation compound.
Published: 2014

28. Study of the Influence of an Applied Stress on the Oxidation at 550°C of Ni (100) and Ni (111) Single Crystals

Author: L. Gaillet, Gérard Moulin, Pascal Berger, and M. Viennot
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Diffusion, Metallurgy, Non-blocking I/O, Oxide, Diffusion creep, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, chemistry, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract: Two nickel monocrystals of (111) and (100) orientation have been selected. The crystallographic influence on creep properties and on oxygen diffusion has been studied. For the diffusion analysis, an oxygen isotope ( 18 O) was used and investigated in NiO using nuclear reaction analysis. The oxide scale at 550°C is duplex. Moreover in creep, this microstructure presents periodic cracks. Two different mechanisms of creep are observed; i.e. interfaces sliding for NiO/Ni (111) and power law creep for NiO/Ni (100). Oxygen mobility is largely influenced by the application of stress and its level. The oxide layer integrity and the generated defects during creep are the main factors for the two crystallographic orientations. Hence, a synergetic effect was observed between the mechanisms of deformation in creep and the diffusion parameters with this simple metal oxide system. We also noticed an effect of the crystallographic orientation of nickel on the reactivity of the surface and on mechanical behaviour of the oxide layer.
Published: 2001

29. Austenitic steel corrosion in IGCC environment. Characterisation by photon and nuclear microprobes

Author: Katia Weulersse, Belkacem Regad, Philippe Dillmann, Ray Barrett, Gérard Moulin, Pascal Berger, Stéphane Lequien, and M. Bonnin-Mosbah
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, High-temperature corrosion, Metallurgy, Alloy, Oxide, Vanadium, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, XANES, Corrosion, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, engineering, symbols, Rutherford scattering, Instrumentation
Abstract: An austenitic steel sample was treated simulating particular working conditions of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant. Several classical characterisation techniques were used to investigate the oxide scales. In addition, micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analyses were performed and permit us to identify several phases constitutive of the oxide. Moreover, micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) experiments allow us to determine the valence of the vanadium incorporated in the scale in the form of microscopic islets. The comparison of all these results leads to the proposal of a corrosion mechanism for this alloy.
Published: 2001

30. Oxygen diffusion studies in oxide scales thermally grown or deposited on mechanically loaded metallic surfaces (MS-P2)

Author: Pascal Berger, R. El Tahhann, Gérard Moulin, M. Viennot, and L. Gaillet
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zirconium, Materials science, Diffusion, Metallurgy, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Microstructure, Corrosion, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, chemistry, Creep, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Instrumentation
Abstract: The high temperature growth of oxides on metallic surfaces mechanically in loading is not well understood yet. The knowledge of the growth of oxides on static surfaces and of the mechanical behavior of the metal/oxide system does not give account of the synergetic effects between the load and the growth of the oxide. The formation of cracks on the oxide scales, their healing and the role of the load on the oxygen diffusion processes have been studied on pure nickel and zirconium samples in creep. The use of oxygen-18 to study the oxygen diffusion and the determination of local oxygen-18 diffusion profiles with use of the nuclear reaction 18O(p, α)15N show a sharp influence of the load. The application of the load induces an increase of the oxygen diffusion coefficients until two orders of magnitude (typically from around 10 −15 cm 2 s −1 to around 10 −13 cm 2 s −1 in NiO thermally grown on nickel monocrystals). However, this enhancement decreases with the increase of the load. As the oxide scales are multilayered and as spalling and regrowth may occur, RBS mapping of the local thickness of the oxide stripes is also performed. This technique helps in understanding the formation of the microstructure and of the damaging process during the mechanical loading.
Published: 2001

31. Application of an ion microbeam to the study of multiphase borocarbides

Author: E. Tominez, Pascal Berger, Claude Godart, and Eric Alleno
Subjects: Superconductivity, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Microprobe, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Intermetallic, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron microprobe, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, Phase (matter), Boron, Instrumentation, Carbon
Abstract: The multiphase YPd 5 B 3 C 0.35 borocarbide shows the highest superconducting transition temperature ( T c ∼ 23 K) ever observed for an intermetallic compound. Micrographs of as cast sample reveal the presence of 6 phases of various shapes (thin needles, small spherical inclusions,...) whose dimensions range from a few microns to a few tens of microns. The determination of the phase compositions, especially the boron and carbon concentrations, poses difficulties for most analytical techniques. This paper presents results from the use of 3 He and 2 H microbeams for the stoichiometric characterization of YPd 5 B 3 C 0.35 . Combination of RBS and NRA allows complete determination of the composition of the different phases, however with some limitations on the probed depth. Comparison is presented with similar measurements by means of an electron microprobe. Another example is shown in the Ho–Ni–B–C system, whose physical properties are known to be sensitive to the carbon content.
Published: 1999

32. Nuclear microprobe study of stress-oxidation of nickel

Author: Gérard Moulin, M. Viennot, and Pascal Berger
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Microprobe, Materials science, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, Microstructure, Nickel, chemistry, Creep, Crystallite, Instrumentation
Abstract: In order ot study the stress oxidation, a specific device has been designed to perform mechanical loadings under controlled temperature and oxygen pressure. Time-dependent strain-stress curves may be recorded according to the usual modes: creep, fatigue and fatigue-creep. A set of two sorption pumps allows to alternate oxygen-16 and oxygen-18. Oxygen-18 diffusion profiles have been measured by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and by nuclear microprobe, by means of the 18 O(p, α) 15 N nuclear reaction to characterize selected areas. For the purpose of further investigations on nickel-based alloys, initial experiments have been performed on pure nickel to obtain knowledge of the fundamental properties of nickel. Because of complex relationships between mechanical behaviour, microstructure modifications and oxygen diffusion, both polycrystalline and monocrystalline samples have been investigated.
Published: 1997

33. Interaction between Oxidation and Deformation in the Case of Nickel in Creep at 550°C. Relation with Oxygen Diffusion

Author: Pascal Berger and Gérard Moulin
Subjects: Nickel, Materials science, chemistry, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Diffusion creep, Oxygen diffusion, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Deformation (meteorology), Condensed Matter Physics
Published: 1996

34. Nuclear microprobe local characterization of YBaCuO superconductors

Author: Pascal Berger, Gilles Revel, Patrick Trocellier, and B. Berthier
Subjects: Superconductivity, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Microprobe, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Microbeam, Microstructure, Oxygen, Ion, Deuterium, chemistry, Instrumentation, Stoichiometry
Abstract: Stoichiometric local characterizations of YBaCuO oxides have been performed using a 1.4 MeV deuteron microbeam. A beam with a size of 10 × 15 μ m 2 allows the observation of variations of x = 0.2 in sintered YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x . Local variations of oxygen stoichiometry in a melt-textured sample, correlated with the microstructure, have been observed. In spite of the degradation of the sample under the beam, oxygen measurements seem to remain significant for doses above 10 18 ions/cm 2 .
Published: 1995

35. Nuclear Microprobe Using Elastic Recoil Detection (Erd) For Hydrogen Profiling in High Temperature Protonic Conductors

Author: Marie-Hélène Berger, Pascal Berger, and Ali Sayir
Subjects: Microprobe, Ion beam analysis, Materials science, Hydrogen, Scattering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Focused ion beam, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Elastic recoil detection, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract: The interaction between hydrogen and various high temperature protonic conductors (HTPC) has not been clearly understood due to poor densification and unreacted secondary phases. the melt-processing technique is used in producing fully dense simple SrCe(0.9)Y (0.10) O(3-delta) and complex Sr3Ca(1+x)Nb(2+x)O(9-delta) perovskites that can not be achieved by solid-state sintering. the possibilities of ion beam analysis have been investigated to quantify hydrogen distribution in HTPC perovskites subjected to water heat treatment. Nuclear microprobe technique is based on the interactions of a focused ion beam of MeV light ions (H-1, H-2, He-3, He-4,.) with the sample to be analyzed to determine local elemental concentrations at the cubic micrometer scale, the elastic recoil detection analysis technique (ERDA) has been carried out using He-4(+) microbeams and detecting the resulting recoil protons. Mappings of longitudinal sections of water treated SrCeO3 and Sr(Ca(1/3)Nb(2/3))O3 perovskites have been achieved, the water treatment strongly alters the surface of simple SrCe(0.9)Y(0.10)O(3-delta) perovskite. From Rutherford Back Scattering measurements (RBS), both Ce depletion and surface re-deposition is evidenced. the ERDA investigations on water treated Sr3Ca(1+x)Nb(2+x)O(9-delta) perovskite did not exhibit any spatial difference for the hydrogen incorporation from the surface to the centre. the amount of hydrogen incorporation for Sr3Ca(1+x)Nb(2+x)O(9-delta) was low and required further development of two less conventional techniques, ERDA in forward geometry and forward elastic diffusion H-1(p,p) H-1 with coincidence detection.
Published: 2008

36. Interaction between Mechanical Loading in Creep and Reactivity of Zirconium and Zircaloy in Temperature

Author: M. Viennot, Pascal Berger, Gérard Moulin, Rania El Tahhan, Jérôme Favergeon, Roberval (Roberval), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Deformation (meteorology), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Cubic zirconia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Zirconium, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Zirconium alloy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Diffusion creep, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Deformation mechanism, chemistry, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In order to study the nucleation and growth of cracks in the outer oxide scale which expand into the underlying alloy, deformation in creep in oxygen or in vacuum of zirconium and Zircaloy-4 has been studied mainly at 500°C. Influence of applied stresses, atmosphere and alloy’s grade on the deformation and oxidation processes are especially analyzed. The results underline the presence of two distinct deformation domains for both alloys grades, depending on the applied stress value. The presence of the oxide scale leads only to slight modifications on the deformation mechanism but it induces an increase of the deformation rate. This enhancement is especially observed in the case of the pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4 whose cracks remain mainly located in the outer part of the oxide. In opposite, the pre-oxidized zirconium shows cracks located down to the underlying metal. Acoustic emission is used to follow, in situ, in temperature the damage process of the outer zirconia layer during creep, and precisions about the oxidation mechanism and the effect of applied stress on oxygen diffusion and oxide growth rate are obtained thanks to the use of 18O as a marker.
Published: 2006

37. Contribution of archaeological analogues to the comprehension of long term corrosion of concrete reinforcements

Author: Valérie L’Hostis, Pascal Berger, Walter-John Chitty, Philippe Dillmann, G. Beranger, Laboratoire d'Etude du Comportement des Bétons et des Argiles (LECBA), Service d'Etudes du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN)
Subjects: comportement à long terme, Materials science, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], 020209 energy, Diffusion, General Physics and Astronomy, Maghemite, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Oxygen, Cathodic protection, Corrosion, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Magnetite, corrosion, béton arme, Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Archaeology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The study of archaeological analogues is necessary to improve the knowledge on the long-term corrosion of low carbon steels that could be used in concrete to build the structures of nuclear waste storage facilities. The long-term corrosion system was previously described as a multi-layer pattern made of the Metal, the Dense Product Layer (constituted of goethite with magnetite and/or maghemite marblings -DPL), the Transformed Medium (TM) which is an interphase between the Dense Product Layer, and the last layer, the Binder. As mainly constituted of goethite, a non-conductive phase, and assuming that the DPL pores are saturated with water, corrosion kinetic could be limited by oxygen diffusion in the water of the pores. Moreover, anodic and cathodic reactions should occur at the Metal/DPL interface. This last hypothesis was verified labelling oxygen precipitation sites with an oxygen isotope ( 18 O) and observing an increase of oxygen isotopic ratio at the M/DPL interface. Then, to validate the hypothesis of a diffusion control of corrosion kinetic, some investigations were performed on diffusion properties of oxygen in the DPL. For this purpose, the oxygen apparent diffusion coefficient was evaluated using diffusion cells made with DPL sampled on archaeological analogues. Then, thanks to Faraday law, it was possible to evaluate instantaneous corrosion rates (less than 0.1 μm/year). The compatibility of these rates with those obtained considering the quantity of 18 O precipitated in corrosion products was discussed. Nevertheless, even if oxygen diffusion is probably the limiting factor on iron corrosion in the very specific case of water saturated media, the hydrometry of the DPL during the life time of the object and the influence of this hydrometry on corrosion mechanisms have to be verified. Moreover, several questions were raised by TM formation and growth. Was this layer formed dissolving/precipitating corrosion products from the DPL? Unfortunately, thermodynamical data and results from our experimentation show that iron quantity obtained by this mean is not sufficient to explain TM thicknesses observed and, so far, TM formation mechanisms are still to be identified.
Published: 2006

38. Microstructural and electrical characterisation of melt grown high temperature protonic conductors

Author: Fred Dynys, Ali Sayir, Marie-Hélène Berger, Pascal Berger, Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Glenn Research Center, NASA, Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Directional solidification, Impedance spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Conductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, Crystallography, High temperature protonic conductors, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Nanodomains, 0210 nano-technology, Stoichiometry, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract: International audience; High temperature protonic conductors of SrCe1−xYxO3−δ and Sr3Ca1+xNb2−xO9−δ were fabricated by directional solidification to produce model microstructures. Elongated cells exhibited left angle bracket100right-pointing angle bracket direction parallel to the growth axis; low degree of disorientation was observed between the cells. In the simple perovskite SrCe1−xYxO3−δ aluminum contamination caused the formation of intergranular second phase. Nuclear microprobe revealed that the second phase was enriched with hydrogen. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the protons at grain boundaries have a lower mobility than within the cells. The cation distribution was not uniform in the complex perovskite. Inverse gradients in Ca2+ and Nb5+ were observed from the core to the shell of the cells. The Nb5+ substitution decreased from x = 0.12 at the core to 0.07 at the shell. Higher Nb5+/Ca2+ ratio at the shell decreased the protonic conductivity. Nanodomain were observed in both perovskite compositions; they differentiate by a 90° rotation of the direction of oxygen cage tilting. In the complex perovskite, stoichiometric domains with an ordered distribution of Nb5+ and Ca2+ were surrounded by nonstoichiometric domains with a random distribution of these cations. Further work and analyses are required to understand the mechanism of proton transfer within domains and across domain interfaces.
Published: 2006

39. Evidence for a Diffusion-Based Mechanism of Liquid Metal Intergranular Penetration: Case Study of a Ni-Bi Model System

Author: Krzysztof Wolski, Nathalie Marié, Vincent Laporte, Pascal Berger, Michel Biscondi, Département Mécanique physique et interfaces (MPI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, Plasticité, Endommagement et Corrosion des Matériaux (PECM-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Liquid metal, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Grain Boundary Wetting, 01 natural sciences, Ni-Bi System, Bismuth, Liquid Metal Embrittlement LME, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, IGP - intergranular penetration, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Intergranular Penetration IGP, 010302 applied physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, Spallation Target, Radiation, AES – Auger electron spectroscopy, Intergranular Diffusion, Penetration (firestop), Intergranular corrosion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Crystallography, chemistry, Grain boundary, Wetting, LME - liquid metal embrittlement, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), 0210 nano-technology, Fowler-Guggenheim Segregation Isotherm
Abstract: Publié suite au congrès DIMAT2004; International audience; A model Ni-Bi system has been used to investigate intergranular penetration (IGP) phenomenon. All experiments have been done on Ni 26° bicrystal at 700°C using bismuth vapour condensation as a source of liquid bismuth. Such a procedure results at room temperature in either partial or total Liquid Metal Induced Embrittlement (LMIE) of a unique grain boundary, depending on the duration of liquid Bi / solid Ni contact at 700°C. Auger Electron Spectrometry (AES) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) have been used to measure the Bi concentration profile between the source of liquid bismuth and the penetration front. Two zones have been clearly identified : the first one of almost constant Bi concentration called nanometrethick film which is interpreted in terms of Fowler-Guggenheim multi-layer segregation under local equilibrium conditions and the second one with a progressive decrease of Bi concentration over a distance of the order of 20-200µm. Such a long transition zone, together with parabolic diffusion kinetics indicates diffusion-based mechanism of intergranular penetration as opposed to the direct grain boundary wetting.
Published: 2005

40. Interaction between Mechanical Loading in Creep and Reactivity of Zircaloy-4 at 450°C

Author: Rania El Tahhan, Jérôme Favergeon, M. Viennot, Gérard Moulin, Pascal Berger, Roberval (Roberval), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Zirconium alloy, Metallurgy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Reactivity (chemistry), Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2004

41. Recent Aspects of Non Stoichiometry Effects on the Superconducting Properties of HoNi2B2Cx (x=0.6 to 1.4)

Author: Claude Godart, Eric Alleno, Eric M. Leroy, and Pascal Berger
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, A domain, Electron, Electron microprobe, Microanalysis, Stoichiometry
Abstract: We report on the effects of carbon non-stoichiometry and of annealing conditions on the superconducting (SUP) properties of HoNi2B2Cx (x from 0.6 to 1.4). Using nuclear- and electron- probe microanalysis, respectively NPMA and EPMA, we show that for samples with x=0.8, 1.0 and 1.2, (from non SUP to SUP via re-entrance) the final carbon-compositions of the matrix when x≤l follow the general tendency of the nominal compositions whereas for x>l the final composition is x=l. We will discuss these results in relation with the various observed physical behaviors. The non-stoichiometry is also accommodated by the formation of several secondary phases. Our results indicate also that HoNi2B2C has a domain of existence on the C-poor side and, if it exists, a very narrow one on the C-rich side.
Published: 2001

42. Noise-induced local heatings in microbeam analysis

Author: G Plumereau, Pascal Berger, François Ladieu, Laboratoire Photonique sur Silicium (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Microbeam, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Computer Science::Other, Thermocouple, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Irradiation, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: International audience; Heatings produced by the irradiation with light ion microbeams were measured in situ by using microthermocouples deposited and etched onto a SiO2 glass substrate. For a given distance r between the microbeam centre and the thermocouple, we show that the heating averaged over the irradiation time decreases as 1/r, in agreement with theory. Moreover, we report strong heating random fluctuations close to the beam resulting from the fluctuations of the beam intensity. We show that, close to the beam, these heating fluctuations dominate largely over the averaged heating, as predicted by the theory of heat propagation with a random source.
Published: 1999

43. Influence of laser–target interaction regime on composition and properties of surface layers grown by laser treatment of Ti plates

Author: Jean-Marie Jouvard, M. Cirisan, M.C. Marco de Lucas, Sylvie Bourgeois, Pascal Berger, and L. Lavisse
Subjects: Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Fluence, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Nuclear reaction analysis, Vaporization, Titanium dioxide, symbols, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Titanium
Abstract: Surface laser treatment of commercially pure titanium plates was performed in air using two different Nd : YAG sources delivering pulses of 5 and 35 ns. The laser fluence conditions were set to obtain with each source either yellow or blue surface layers. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was used to quantify the amount of light elements in the formed layers. Titanium oxinitrides, containing different amounts of oxygen and nitrogen, were mainly found, except in the case of long pulses and high laser fluence, which led to the growth of titanium dioxide. The structure of the layers was studied by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, reflectance spectra showed the transition from a metal-like behaviour to an insulating TiO2-like behaviour as a function of the treatment conditions.Modelling of the laser–target interaction on the basis of the Semak model was performed to understand the different compositions and properties of the layers. Numerical calculations showed that vaporization dominates in the case of short pulses, whereas a liquid-ablation regime is achieved in the case of 35 ns long pulses.
Published: 2009

44. Mechanical improvement of micro-alloyed steels as related to the snoek-koster effect

Author: Pascal Berger, G. Bouquet, and J.C. Brunet
Subjects: Crystallography, Materials science, Metallurgy, General Engineering
Abstract: Amelioration des proprietes mecaniques des aciers microallies par des traitements thermomecaniques. Mesures par frottement interne
Published: 1985

45. Diffusion-controlled liquid bismuth induced intergranular embrittlement of copper

Author: Gérard Santarini, Vincent Laporte, Pascal Berger, Anne Terlain, Krzysztof Wolski, Département Mécanique physique et interfaces (MPI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, Plasticité, Endommagement et Corrosion des Matériaux (PECM-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: grain boundary diffusion, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, solid copper / liquid bismuth system, 01 natural sciences, Bismuth, Liquid Metal Embrittlement LME, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy RBS, Liquid metal embrittlement, 0103 physical sciences, Liquid Bismuth System, grain boundary wetting, Grain boundary diffusion coefficient, General Materials Science, non linear segregation, 010302 applied physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, Radiation, AES – Auger electron spectroscopy, RBS – Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, Intergranular corrosion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Copper, Crystallography, chemistry, Solid Copper, liquid metal embrittlement, Grain boundary, Wetting, Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Publié suite au congrès Diffusion in Materials - DIMAT2004, Cracow, Poland, July 18-23, 2004; International audience; The consequences of the contact between liquid bismuth and a copper bicrystal are investigated at 500°C. Atoms of bismuth are shown to penetrate and embritlle the copper grain boundary. Grain boundary concentration profiles of bismuth are obtained on fracture surfaces by both Auger electron spectroscopy and He4+ Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The maximum bismuth intergranular concentration is calculated from experimental data to be about 1.7 monolayers (near the liquid bismuth / solid copper interface). The overall profiles are significantly different from typical erfc profiles and an interpretation is proposed, based on the coupling effect between grain boundary diffusion and non-linear segregation. These results allow us to conclude on the absence of grain boundary wetting for the Cu / Bi system at 500°C.

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