190 results on '"Hyun Wook Kang"'
Search Results
2. Optical Fiber Biosensor based on Heterodyne Demodulation for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection
- Author
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Yong Wook Lee, Hyun Wook Kang, Seul-Lee Lee, Jang Hyun Kim, and Youngjong Ko
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Heterodyne ,Optical fiber ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Pathogenic bacteria ,medicine.disease_cause ,Signal ,Fluorescence ,law.invention ,law ,Fiber optic sensor ,medicine ,Optoelectronics ,Demodulation ,business ,Biosensor - Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated an optical fiber biosensor based on heterodyne demodulation to detect five pathogenic bacteria species forming biofilms, such as Escherichia Coli, Vibrio Vulnificus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus, and Streptococcus Iniae, with their fluorescence characteristics. The proposed sensor detects the fluorescence of the five bacteria species with the intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of amino acid tryptophan, whose excitation and emission wavelengths are 280 and 350 nm, respectively. The fabricated sensor consists of an UV light source for excitation of bacteria, a high sensitivity detector for detection of fluorescence signals emitted from the excited bacteria, and a lock-in amplifier for amplification of the detected fluorescence signals. The lock-in amplifier can remove various noise signals coupled with the desired fluorescence signals and amplify the magnitude of the desired signal through the heterodyne demodulation technique. This signal processing technique enables the detection of the weak picowatt (pW) fluorescence signals. Consequently, it is concluded that our sensor can successfully detect the intensity of the fluorescence signal emitted from five pathogenic bacteria species whose concentration lies within 10² to 107 CFU/ml.
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- 2020
3. Multifunctional heteropolysaccharide hydrogel under photobiomodulation for accelerated wound regeneration
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Karuppusamy Shanmugapriya, Hyejin Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, and Yong Wook Lee
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Materials science ,Scar tissue ,macromolecular substances ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Wound care ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Viability assay ,Fibroblast ,Cytotoxicity ,010302 applied physics ,integumentary system ,Fucoidan ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Cell migration ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,0210 nano-technology ,Wound healing ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of fucoidan/alginate-polyethylene glycol-gellan gum (Fu/AL-PEG@GGH) hydrogel using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on facilitating wound healing for wound care management. The hydrogel was fabricated and characterized to evaluate the wound healing potential. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects were evaluated with L929 and NIH3T3 cells. Uniform spherical sheets were observed with high thermal stability caused by porous matrixes with the increased cell viability and fast cell migration. Scar tissue was reduced by larger wound contraction with faster healing effects from the hydrogel + LLLT-treated group at day 14. The polysaccharides may promote wound healing due to the strong bonds by the physical cross-linking in hydrogel preparation. The results from hydrogel + LLLT-treated group confirmed an effective wound healing potential from the presence of high fibroblast and collagen deposition. Therefore, the combined practice of the hydrogel with LLLT may enhance a wound healing process for effective wound care applications.
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- 2020
4. Preparation of electrochemically exfoliated graphene sheets using DC switching voltages
- Author
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Jong Hun Han, Sungmook Lim, Wonoh Lee, Jea Uk Lee, and Hyun Wook Kang
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Materials science ,Intercalation (chemistry) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Switching time ,law ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Materials Chemistry ,Graphite ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Organic Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Exfoliation joint ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ceramics and Composites ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Among various methods to produce graphene sheets, electrochemical exfoliation has been regarded as an effective method for the mass production of high-quality graphene sheets because of its simplicity and environmental friendliness. However, conventional electrochemical exfoliation has a disadvantage of accumulating intercalating ions at graphite interlayers owing to the use of a constant voltage. In this study, we developed a DC switching technique to achieve more efficient intercalation of ions than that in the conventional method. In the DC switching method, positive and negative voltages are successively applied to release the accumulated intercalating ions. By testing various conditions, we found the optimum switching time to produce high-quality graphene sheets with the highest yield rate and the highest electrical conductivity. As a result, the graphene sheets using this DC switching technique showed 85% higher yield rate, 193% higher electrical conductivity, 160% larger area, and 25% thinner thickness than those obtained when using a constant DC method. We believe that this DC switching technique can be used for large-scale production of high-quality graphene sheets.
- Published
- 2019
5. Feasibility study of endoscopic thermal coagulation with circumferential laser irradiation for treating esophageal tissue
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang, Jinoh Bak, Seok Jeong, and Sung Min Kim
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Materials science ,Swine ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Dermatology ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Esophagus ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Irradiation ,Laser Coagulation ,Temperature ,Balloon catheter ,Intestinal metaplasia ,Endoscopy ,030206 dentistry ,medicine.disease ,Esophageal Tissue ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Feasibility Studies ,Surgery ,Rabbits ,Ex vivo ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with an intestinal metaplasia that replaces normal squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasible endoscopic treatment on esophageal tissue with circumferential laser irradiation. A 532-nm laser was used to deliver 10 W in a continuous manner through a balloon catheter-integrated diffuser. Ex vivo leporine esophagus was tested to identify thermal responses at various irradiation times. In vivo testing in a porcine model was performed to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic application with the integrated device for BE treatment. Goniometric measurements confirmed that the proposed device yielded uniform radial irradiation (i.e., 0.9 ± 0.1 in arbitrary unit). Emission profiles were well correlated with temperature distribution along the device. Ex vivo leporine testing demonstrated that the temperature rise increased with irradiation time. The maximum temperature increase was around 38 °C after 60-s irradiation (transient increase rate = 0.62 °C/s), and the corresponding thermal coagulation reached esophageal submucosa (1.5 ± 0.2 mm). In vivo porcine testing evidently presented circumferential thermal denaturation around the lumen along with mild inflammatory reaction and the degenerated squamous epithelium. The overall thickness of the irreversible thermal coagulation was 3.1 ± 0.2 mm. The proposed photothermal therapy can be a feasible endoscopic method to treat BE with the aid of circumferential irradiation and mechanical expansion. Further chronic in vivo testing will be pursued to understand chronic tissue response in terms of wound healing and complication.
- Published
- 2019
6. Hybrid Structure of a ZnO Nanowire Array on a PVDF Nanofiber Membrane/Nylon Mesh for use in Smart Filters: Photoconductive PM Filters
- Author
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Dong Hee Kang, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
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Technology ,Nanostructure ,Materials science ,photo conductivity ,QH301-705.5 ,QC1-999 ,quality factor ,law.invention ,hybrid structure ,law ,pvdf ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Biology (General) ,Instrumentation ,smart filter ,QD1-999 ,Filtration ,electrospinning ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Photocurrent ,particulate matter ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Physics ,General Engineering ,zinc oxide ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Electrospinning ,Computer Science Applications ,hydrothermal synthesis ,Chemistry ,Membrane ,Nanofiber ,Surface modification ,TA1-2040 ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
A nanofiber membrane with a high surface-to-volume ratio has advantages in applications such as those used for particulate matter filtration and gas detection. To maximize the potentials of the membrane structure, recent research has been attempted to control nanofiber geometries. In this paper, surface modification of a nanofiber membrane with a metal/ceramic nanostructure is performed to improve multi-functional filter performance, enhancing fine particle filtration and toxic gas absorption. Here, a smart filter is fabricated by electrospinning polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) nanofiber onto a nylon mesh and hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles onto a nanowire array on a PVDF nanofiber surface. On the ZnO nanowires–PVDF nanofiber layer filter, the pressure difference (ΔP = 4.13 kPa) is higher than the pure PVDF nanofiber layer. However, the filtration efficiency is 94.3% for a 0.3 μm particle size, which is higher than that of other sizes. Additionally, a ZnO nanowire array with high density on a PVDF nanofiber layer affects sensitivity (S = 39.37), with high resolution. The photocurrent characteristics of a smart filter have the potential for a photo-assisted redox reaction to detect toxic polar molecules in continuous airflow in real-time in indoor environments.
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- 2021
7. Dependence of laser-induced optical breakdown on skin type during 1064 nm picosecond laser treatment
- Author
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Jewan Kaiser Hwang, Hyun Wook Kang, Hyeonsoo Kim, and Jongman Choi
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Materials science ,Picosecond laser ,Skin type ,Light ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Lasers, Solid-State ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Optics ,law ,Optical breakdown ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Irradiation ,Low-Level Light Therapy ,Lenses ,Skin ,integumentary system ,Scattering ,business.industry ,Optimal treatment ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Laser ,0104 chemical sciences ,Vacuolization ,business - Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the dependence of laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) on skin types by using 1064 nm picosecond laser with micro-lens arrays (MLA) and diffractive optical elements (DOE). Both black and white skin tissues were examined to comparatively assess the LIOB effects in the skin in terms of laser-induced vacuolization. The black skin irradiated at 3.0 J/cm2 demonstrated that MLA yielded a deeper distribution (180-400 μm) of laser-induced vacuoles with a size of 67 μm, compared to DOE (180-280 μm; 40 μm in size). However, the white skin presented that MLA created larger vacuoles (134 μm in size) in a smaller number at deeper distributions (125-700 μm) than MLA with the black skin. DOE generated no laser-induced vacuolization in the white skin. The white skin tissue with inherent higher scattering could be responsible for deeper vacuolization after the picosecond laser treatment. Further investigations are expected to determine the optimal treatment conditions for various skin types.
- Published
- 2021
8. Application of Ultrasound Thermal Imaging for Monitoring Laser Ablation in Ex Vivo Cardiac Tissue
- Author
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Jung-Eun Park, Yeh-chan Ahn, Jieun Hwang, Hyun Wook Kang, and Suhyun Park
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Temperature monitoring ,Materials science ,Swine ,Dermatology ,In Vitro Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Thermocouple ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Animals ,Ultrasonography ,Tissue temperature ,Laser ablation ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Ultrasound ,Temperature ,Heart ,Laser ,Feasibility Studies ,Surgery ,Laser Therapy ,business ,Ex vivo ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Laser ablation can be used to treat atrial fibrillation by thermally isolating pulmonary veins. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of high-resolution (1 mm) ultrasound thermal imaging to monitor spatial temperature distribution during laser ablation on ex vivo cardiac tissue.Laser ablation (808 nm) was performed on five porcine cardiac tissue samples. A thermocouple was used to measure the interstitial tissue temperature during the laser ablation process. Tissue-strain-based ultrasound thermal imaging was conducted to monitor the spatial distribution of the temperature in the cardiac tissue. The tissue temperature was estimated from the time shifts of ultrasound signals owing to the changes in the speed of sound and was compared with the measured temperature. The temperature estimation coefficient k of porcine cardiac tissue was calculated from the estimated thermal strain and the measured temperature. The degree of tissue coagulation (temperatures 50°C) was derived from the estimated temperature and was compared with that of the tested cardiac tissue.The estimated tissue temperature using strain-based ultrasound thermal imaging at a depth of 1 mm agreed with thermocouple measurements. During the 30-second period of the laser ablation process, the estimated tissue temperature increased from 25 to 70°C at a depth of 0.1 mm, while the estimated temperature at a depth of 1 mm increased up to 46°C. Owing to the uncertainty of the coefficient k, the k value of the porcine cardiac tissue varied from 160 to 220°C with temperature changes of up to 20°C. The estimated coagulation region in the ultrasound thermal imaging was 20% wider (+0.6 mm) but 9% shallower (-0.1 mm) than the measured region of the ablated porcine cardiac tissue.The current study demonstrated the feasibility of temperature monitoring with the use of ultrasound thermal imaging during the laser ablation on ex vivo porcine cardiac tissue. The high-resolution ultrasound thermal imaging could map the spatial distribution of the tissue temperature. The proposed method can be used to monitor the temperature and thermal coagulation to achieve effective laser ablation for atrial fibrillation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2019
9. Fabrication and biological activity of polycaprolactone/phlorotannin endotracheal tube to prevent tracheal stenosis: An in vitro and in vivo study
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Chulho Oak, Min Jung Jung, Sung Won Kim, Won-Kyo Jung, Hyoung Shin Lee, Junghwan Oh, Seok-Chun Ko, Min-Seon Jeong, Kang Dae Lee, Won Sun Park, Hyun Wook Kang, Chi Woo Hwang, Seong-Yeong Heo, and Il-Whan Choi
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,Polyesters ,Biomedical Engineering ,Tetrazolium Salts ,Biocompatible Materials ,In Vitro Techniques ,Phlorotannin ,Cell Line ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Fibrosis ,Materials Testing ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mucous Membrane ,Biological activity ,respiratory system ,Airway obstruction ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,Tracheal Stenosis ,Trachea ,Thiazoles ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cuff ,Rabbits - Abstract
Prolonged endotracheal intubation is the most common cause of tracheal stenosis, which may lead to serious airway obstruction. Development of an endotracheal tube coated with biomaterials that exhibit anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrogenic effects may prevent tracheal stenosis. This study demonstrates that an endotracheal tube coated with phlorotannin, which is present in extracts of the brown alga Ecklonia cava, can prevent tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model. An in vitro study shows that phlorotannin inhibits proliferation of human tracheal fibroblasts treated with transforming growth factor β1. Phlorotannin-coated endotracheal tubes show steady release of phlorotannin for up to 7 days, and removal of the tube 1 week after insertion reveals a reduction in both fibrogenesis and thickening of tracheal submucosa. Western blot analysis of tracheal tissues after removal of the phlorotannin-coated tube shows decreased protein expression levels of phenotypic markers of fibrosis such as collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin. The ability of phlorotannin-coated endotracheal tube to prevent tracheal stenosis caused by endotracheal intubation indicates that phlorotannin may be considered as a candidate biomaterial for coating the cuff of endotracheal tubes to prevent tracheal stenosis.
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- 2019
10. Laser irradiation synthesis and photocatalytic properties of TiO2-SiO2 hybrid thin films
- Author
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Dae-Yong Jeong, Changyeop Lee, Chaewon Bak, Hyun Wook Kang, and Hyeonjin Eom
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Anatase ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Wafer ,Irradiation ,Thin film ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Metals and Alloys ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Photocatalysis ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Methylene blue - Abstract
In this study, we introduce a noble method for the fabrication of highly crystalline hybrid TiO2-SiO2 thin films using laser irradiation under ambient conditions. Upon light absorption at the interface between TiO2 sol-gel film and Si wafer during the laser irradiation process, the TiO2 gel film coated on the Si wafer is transformed into anatase TiO2 film, and the surface of underlying Si wafer is oxidized to a 20.63 μm thick SiO2 film composed of nano-spheres with average diameter of 24.12 nm. The photocatalytic characteristics of the TiO2-SiO2 hybrid film on methylene blue and its discriminated morphologies are compared with those of a TiO2 film fabricated by conventional thermal annealing. The TiO2-SiO2 hybrid film shows enhanced super-hydrophilicity and superior photocatalytic characteristics, while thermally annealed 0.16 μm thick TiO2 films exhibit hydrophobic and low photocatalytic properties. The laser assisting process is promising for the fabrication of highly crystalline TiO2-SiO2 hybrid film with super-hydrophilic and photocatalytic characteristics.
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- 2019
11. Flexibility Enhancement of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) for Fused Deposition Modeling Technology
- Author
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Jonghyeuk Han, Jeonghyun Son, Hyun Wook Kang, Seunggyu Jeon, Jeong Beom Kim, and Wonwoo Jeong
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Flexibility (anatomy) ,3D printing ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,Draw ratio ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,law ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Poly lactide co glycolide ,Fused deposition modeling ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,PLGA ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Material properties - Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most widely used bioplastics in bioengineering and has been actively applied to fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing. However, the brittleness of PLGA remains a major obstacle to its application in FDM systems, because these systems can only process flexible materials. Here, we developed a new technique to enhance the flexibility of PLGA. A polymer drawing process involving bidirectional extension was applied to induce molecular alignment, which affects the flexibility of the material. Filamentous forms of PLGA with various draw ratios were prepared and their material properties were investigated in detail. The results showed that PLGA flexibility was markedly increased at the draw ratio of 3, which was identified as the brittle-to-ductile transition point. The elongation at break of the drawn PLGA at this draw ratio was approximately 14 times greater than that of the raw material. Printability tests showed that various complex 3D structures could be fabricated with the drawn PLGA using a FDM system. In addition, the drawn PLGA showed no cytotoxicity in culturing. The technique developed here shows potential for the preparation of long and flexible PLGA filaments for use in FDM technology with biological applicability.
- Published
- 2019
12. Contrast-Enhancing Optical Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Under Surgical Light Illumination
- Author
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Suhyun Park, Hyun Wook Kang, In Hee Shin, Hyeong Ju Park, In-Kyu Park, and Byeong-Il Lee
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010302 applied physics ,Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging ,Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,Materials science ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Fluorescence ,Wavelength ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Optical filter ,Indocyanine green ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Guided surgery often encounters signal saturation and noise, due to strong illumination from the surgical light. The current study developed a customized optical probe filtering incident wavelengths of ≥800 nm to selectively detect near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signals under strong illumination. The feasibility of the fabricated filter for fluorescence imaging was evaluated with tubes containing indocyanine green (ICG) and lymph nodes in vivo mouse models. The fluorescent images were acquired under three different conditions for comparison: dark room (DR), conventional surgical light (CSL), and filter-assisted surgical light (FSL). ICG at the concentration of 0.7 μg/ml yielded the highest signal intensity Both DR and FSL yielded higher image contrasts (87.3% and 82.6%) compared to CSL (67.0%). The in vivo results confirmed that the proposed optical probe enhanced the image contrast of the lymph nodes in mice by three-fold (i.e., 16.7±4.4% for CSL vs. 55.6±5.0% for FSL; p < 0.05). However, the condition involving DR (68.5±2.4%) continued to generate a slightly higher image contrast compared to that involving FSL. Thus, we can effectively use the NIR fluorescence imaging system simultaneously in the improved surgical light source by the proposed method.
- Published
- 2019
13. Biomimetic fog harvesting surface by photo-induced micro-patterning of zinc-oxide silver hierarchical nanostructures
- Author
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Na Kyong Kim, Hyeonjin Eom, Dong Hee Kang, and Hyun Wook Kang
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Materials science ,Nanostructure ,genetic structures ,Fog collection ,Nanowire ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Zinc ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Puddle ,Silver nanoparticle ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Superhydrophilicity ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
As water scarcity has become a major global problem, fog-harvesting technologies are considered an effective sustainable solution for water resources. Here, we report a novel approach to the fog-harvesting technology using zinc oxide-silver hierarchical nanostructures to mimic the Stenocara beetle’s back. Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires are first fabricated by a cost-effective and scalable hydrothermal method to produce a superhydrophilic surface. Silver nanoparticles are then selectively synthesized by an additional photo-induced synthetic process on the zinc oxide nanowire surfaces to form a hydrophobic surface using the hierarchical nanostructures. The fog-harvesting performance was investigated using an artificial fog flow and by measuring the amount of harvested water for efficient fog harvesting. On the superhydrophilic surface, although the water droplets immediately were captured, they formed a puddle at the bottom of the surface due to the high adhesion between water and the surface. In contrast, on the hydrophobic surface, the capturing rate was very low even though the water droplets easily rolled off the surface. Compared to the non-patterned surface, the captured water film on the patterned hydrophilic region grew rapidly into a spherical shape and separated from the surface due to the surrounding hydrophobic regions. As a result, the patterned surface with 0.5 mm pattern size afforded a higher fog collection rate of 1233 mg/h than those of the superhydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of 1105 mg/h and 879 mg/h respectively.
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- 2019
14. Dependence of Photothermal Responses on Wavelengths
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Hyun Wook Kang, Han Jae Pyo, Jinoh Bak, Jong Man Choi, and Seok Jeong
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermal distribution ,02 engineering and technology ,Photothermal therapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Degree (temperature) ,law.invention ,Wavelength ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Coagulation (water treatment) ,Irradiation ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The goal of the current research is to identify dependence of photothermal responses on wavelengths for diffuser-assisted treatment of liver tumor. For interstitial photothermal treatment, four commercially available wavelengths were tested: 532, 808, 980, and 1470 nm. A thermal camera was employed to record spatio-temporal development of temperature in porcine liver tissue. Spatial distribution of temperature and coagulation was quantitatively evaluated at various irradiation times. Both 808 and 980 nm presented a comparable maximum temperature after delivery of 200 J. On the other hand, both 532 and 1470 nm induced the higher maximum temperatures of over 90 °C along with a wider thermal distribution. The degree of the coagulation for both 532 and 1470 nm was quite consistent along the diffusing tip as various distances showed the comparable coagulation thickness. Both 808 and 980 nm presented the varying degree of the coagulation (1 ~ 2 mm in thickness). The largest volume along the thickest radial coagulation was observed after 1470 nm laser irradiation (606.9 ± 21.0 mm3) whereas the smallest volume was created by 980 nm (77.1 ± 13.3 mm3). The current results demonstrated that due to strong light absorption, both 532 and 1470 nm could be the feasible wavelengths for the treatment of liver tumor.
- Published
- 2019
15. Advanced electrospinning using circle electrodes for freestanding PVDF nanofiber film fabrication
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Hyun Wook Kang and Dong Hee Kang
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Materials science ,Fabrication ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Coating ,law ,Cylinder ,Filtration ,business.industry ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrospinning ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Nanofiber ,Electrode ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Here, we investigate a circle electrode in the electrospinning process for the fabrication of substrate-free, freestanding nanofiber films. Circle electrode-based electrospinning is controlled by varying the applied voltage and the metal needle tip-to-collector distance. The equipment used for the voltage source and syringe pump is the same as those in traditional electrospinning. A hollow cylinder is used as the circle electrode to ensure stable electrostatic conditions on the top surface of the cylinder collector. Many studies of electrospinning have presented parameters for optimal film fabrication that are inadequate for film fabrication on wire electrode-based electrospinning. To overcome obstacles inherent to substrate-free film fabrication, the voltage and tip-to-collector distance are controlled in the circle electrode-based electrospinning process. Numerical simulation is used to determine the electric field in the electrospinning process for quantitative analysis. Under voltages of 6–18 kV and tip-to-collector distances of 30–100 mm, a freestanding film is successfully fabricated on a circle electrode with 20-mm inner diameter. The freestanding electrospun film can be transferred as a coating to a non-planar surface without using additional processes. Thus, the electrospinning process using the circle electrode collector was successfully optimized for freestanding film fabrication. Substrate-free electrospun films can be applied to multifunctional filters for dust filtration with humidity blocking. Regarding future applications, the circle electrode-based electrospinning process verified the potential for integrating freestanding electrospun films into organs-on-chip, biochemical sensors, and microfluidic analysis systems.
- Published
- 2018
16. Stone ablation rates of a concept 100W pulse-modulated Holmium:YAG laser
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Bingyuan Yang, Hyun Wook Kang, Dongyul Chai, Thomas Hasenberg, Aditi Ray, Sanwei Liu, Jasmine Cancino, Isha Parab, Ben Turney, and Timothy Harrah
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Materials science ,Laser ablation ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ablation ,Laser ,Laser lithotripsy ,Imaging phantom ,Pulse (physics) ,law.invention ,Optics ,Lithotrite ,chemistry ,law ,medicine ,business ,Holmium - Abstract
Holmium:YAG laser has been the lithotrite of choice for around 30 years in kidney stone surgery. Lasers have evolved over the years to offer higher power, increased pulse frequencies and longer pulse durations. The drivers for change have been to improve stone ablation and to minimise retropulsion. We report on a new prototype Holmium laser that fires multiple “micro-pulses” in “pulse packets” and discuss the stone phantom ablation rate results utilizing a bench model. The prototype laser demonstrated impressive stone ablation rates in our bench testing across a range of power settings. We will discuss the details of these results supporting that pulse-modulation with packets of micro-pulses are a promising technological development. (Disclaimers: Bench Test results may not necessarily be indicative of clinical performance. The testing was performed by or on behalf of BSC.
- Published
- 2021
17. Stone retropulsion rates of a 100W pulse-modulated Holmium:YAG laser
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Isha Parab, Aditi Ray, Sanwei Liu, Thomas Hasenberg, Ben Turney, Hyun Wook Kang, Longquan Chen, Jian James Zhang, Bingyuan Yang, Jasmine Cancino, and Timothy Harrah
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Materials science ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulse duration ,Pulsed power ,Ablation ,Laser lithotripsy ,Pulse (physics) ,Optics ,Recoil ,medicine ,business ,Thermal energy ,Mechanical energy - Abstract
Stone retropulsion during laser lithotripsy results from various physical phenomena such as recoil momentum, bubble dynamics, and subsequent jet formation. Considerable stone retropulsion has been observed whereby the optical energy is converted into both mechanical and thermal energy as a distinctive bubble generation and collapse. It is hypothesized that by reducing the peak power and lengthening the pulse duration, we can reduce this conversion of optical energy into mechanical energy. This should maximize the thermal effects on the stone leading to enhanced ablation efficiency as well as less stone “chasing”. We are reporting on a new prototype Holmium laser with low pulse power and long temporal pulse durations in an attempt to minimize stone retropulsion.
- Published
- 2021
18. Demineralized Dentin Matrix Particle-Based Bio-Ink for Patient-Specific Shaped 3D Dental Tissue Regeneration
- Author
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Jonghyeuk Han, Hyun Wook Kang, Min Kyeong Kim, Eui Kyun Park, Wonwoo Jeong, and Sang-Hyeon Nam
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,stomatognathic system ,Dental pulp stem cells ,demineralized dentin matrix ,dental tissue engineering ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,3D bioprinting ,Shear thinning ,030206 dentistry ,General Chemistry ,Demineralized Dentin Matrix ,Patient specific ,bio-ink ,Line width ,Odontogenic ,body regions ,chemistry ,Polycaprolactone ,Particle ,Biomedical engineering ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM)-based materials have been actively developed and are well-known for their excellent performance in dental tissue regeneration. However, DDM-based bio-ink suitable for fabrication of engineered dental tissues that are patient-specific in terms of shape and size, has not yet been developed. In this study, we developed a DDM particle-based bio-ink (DDMp bio-ink) with enhanced three-dimensional (3D) printability. The bio-ink was prepared by mixing DDM particles and a fibrinogen–gelatin mixture homogeneously. The effects of DDMp concentration on the 3D printability of the bio-ink and dental cell compatibility were investigated. As the DDMp concentration increased, the viscosity and shear thinning behavior of the bio-ink improved gradually, which led to the improvement of the ink’s 3D printability. The higher the DDMp content, the better were the printing resolution and stacking ability of the 3D printing. The printable minimum line width of 10% w/v DDMp bio-ink was approximately 252 μm, whereas the fibrinogen–gelatin mixture was approximately 363 μm. The ink’s cytocompatibility test with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibited greater than 95% cell viability. In addition, as the DDMp concentration increased, odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was significantly enhanced. Finally, we demonstrated that cellular constructs with 3D patient-specific shapes and clinically relevant sizes could be fabricated through co-printing of polycaprolactone and DPSC-laden DDMp bio-ink.
- Published
- 2021
19. VEGF Detection via Simplified FLISA Using a 3D Microfluidic Disk Platform
- Author
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Sang-Woo Park, Dong Hee Kang, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Materials science ,fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay ,VEGF receptors ,Microfluidics ,Clinical Biochemistry ,3D microstructure ,Fluorescence ,Article ,lab-on-a-disk ,Biochemical reactions ,automotive_engineering ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Gravitational force ,Manufacturing technology ,vascular endothelial growth factor ,biology ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ,General Medicine ,Microbead (research) ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Microspheres ,biology.protein ,Immunosorbents ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) is a commonly used, quantitative technique for detecting biochemical based on antigen–antibody binding reactions using a well-plate platform. With the developments in the manufacturing technology of microfluidic systems, FLISA can be implemented onto microfluidic disk platforms, which allows the detection of trace biochemical with high resolutions. Apart from requiring a lower proportion of reagent (1/10), this method also reduces the time required for the entire process to less than an hour. The incubation process involves antigen–antibody binding reactions as well as the binding of fluorogenic substrates to target proteins. The protocol for FLISA on a microfluidic platform necessitates the appropriate execution of liquid reagent movements during each step in order to ensure sufficient binding reactions. Herein, we propose a novel microfluidic disk comprising a 3D incubation chamber. Vascular endothelial growth factor as concentration with ng mL-1 is detected sequentially using a benchtop process employing this 3D microfluidic disk. The 3D microfluidic disk is implemented without requiring manual intervention or additional procedures for liquid control. During the incubation process, microbead movement is controlled through centrifugal force, generated due to disk rotation, and gravitational force via bead sedimentation on the sloped floor of the chamber.
- Published
- 2021
20. Enhanced precision of real-time control photothermal therapy using cost-effective infrared sensor array and artificial neural network
- Author
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Junghwan Oh, Duc Tri Phan, Van Nam Tran, Sumin Park, Le Hai Tran, Hyun Wook Kang, and Jaeyeop Choi
- Subjects
Temperature control ,Materials science ,Artificial neural network ,Thermal injury ,Photothermal Therapy ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Temperature ,Health Informatics ,Fuzzy control system ,Photothermal therapy ,Fuzzy logic ,Computer Science Applications ,Fuzzy Logic ,Sensor array ,Real-time Control System ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) requires tight thermal dose control to achieve tumor ablation with minimal thermal injury on surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, we proposed a real-time closed-loop system for monitoring and controlling the temperature of PTT using a non-contact infrared thermal sensor array and an artificial neural network (ANN) to induce a predetermined area of thermal damage on the tissue. A cost-effective infrared thermal sensor array was used to monitor the temperature development for feedback control during the treatment. The measured and predicted temperatures were used as inputs of fuzzy control logic controllers that were implemented on an embedded platform (Jetson Nano) for real-time thermal control. Three treatment groups (continuous wave = CW, conventional fuzzy logic = C-Fuzzy, and ANN-based predictive fuzzy logic = P-Fuzzy) were examined and compared to investigate the laser heating performance and collect temperature data for ANN model training. The ex vivo experiments validated the efficiency of fuzzy control with temperature method on maintaining the constant interstitial tissue temperature (80 ± 1.4 °C) at a targeted surface of the tissue. The linear relationship between coagulation areas and the treatment time was indicated in this study, with the averaged coagulation rate of 0.0196 cm2/s. A thermal damage area of 1.32 cm2 (diameter ∼1.3 cm) was observed under P-Fuzzy condition for 200 s, which covered the predetermined thermal damage area (diameter ∼1 cm). The integration of real-time feedback temperature control with predictive ANN could be a feasible approach to precisely induce the preset extent of thermal coagulation for treating papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
- Published
- 2022
21. Evaluations on laser ablation of ex vivo porcine stomach tissue for development of Ho:YAG-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang, Hanjae Pyo, and Hyeonsoo Kim
- Subjects
Target lesion ,Materials science ,Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Perforation (oil well) ,Dermatology ,Lasers, Solid-State ,Lesion ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Stomach Neoplasms ,medicine ,Animals ,Laser ablation ,business.industry ,Stomach ,030206 dentistry ,Ablation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Surgery ,Laser Therapy ,medicine.symptom ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Ex vivo - Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is clinically used to remove early gastric cancer in stomach. The aim of the current study is to examine a therapeutic capacity of pulsed Ho:YAG laser for the development of laser-assisted ESD under various surgical parameters. Ex vivo porcine stomach tissue was ablated with 1-J Ho:YAG pulses at 10 Hz at different number of treatments (NT = 1, 2, and 3) and treatment speeds (TS = 0.5, 1, and 2 mm/s) without and with saline injection. Regardless of saline injection, straight tissue ablation showed that ablation depth increased with increasing NT and decreasing TS. At NT = 3 and TS = 0.5 mm/s, no saline injection yielded the maximum ablation depth (3.4 ± 0.3 mm), partially removing muscularis propria. However, saline injection confined the tissue ablation within a submucosal layer (2.1 ± 0.3 mm). Thermal injury was found to be 0.7~1.1 mm in the adjacent tissue with superficial carbonization. Circular tissue ablation (2 cm in diameter) at NT = 3 and TS = 0.5 mm/s presented that no saline injection yielded a reduction in the lesion area, whereas saline injection maintained the ablated lesion area. Histological analysis revealed that unlike no saline injection, saline injection ablated the entire mucosal layer without perforation in the muscular propria. The pulsed Ho:YAG laser can be a potential surgical tool for clinical ESD to incise a target lesion without adverse perforation. Further investigations will validate the efficacy and safety of the Ho:YAG laser-assisted ESD in in vivo porcine stomach models for clinical translation.
- Published
- 2020
22. A microfluidic circuit consisting of individualized components with a 3D slope valve for automation of sequential liquid control
- Author
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Wonoh Lee, Dong Hee Kang, Sang-Woo Park, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Volume (computing) ,3D printing ,Bioengineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Automation ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,law.invention ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering ,business ,Filtration ,Communication channel ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
A microfluidic circuit on a disk platform, also known as lab-on-a-disk, is an integrated system for automated high-throughput screening for biochemical analysis. The microfluidic circuit on a disk performs biochemical analysis through sequential processes such as filtration, separation, detection, and synthesis of reagents. Sequential processes in microfluidic circuits operate through the systematically linked components, which include channels, valves, and chambers. The microchannels should have micrometer-scale for precise micro-volume liquid control in the microfluidic circuit on a disk. However, it is difficult to also consider productivity in the traditional technology. In addition, as the channel length increases, much effort is required to construct the components of the microfluidic circuit in the limited space of the disk. 3D printing is drawing attention as a microfluidic channel fabrication technique in order to overcome the physical limitations of the traditional methods. A new concept of a 3D slope valve has been developed, which performs precise and sequential micro-volume liquid control through centrifugal and gravitational forces. Micro-volumes of liquids in a slope valve-equipped circuit are controlled over a wide range of angular velocities through the control of the valve geometry, types of liquid and volume. For sequential micro-volume of liquid control, three lines of assembled modules are connected to a microfluidic circuit. In the microfluidic circuit with slope valves, the detection of fluorescent dye tagged-VEGF is possible through sequential mixing and reaction processes. As a result, micro-volume liquid is successfully controlled with high accuracy using the 3D microfluidic circuit with a slope valve.
- Published
- 2020
23. In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
- Author
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Bilal Msallem, Jonghyeuk Han, Jeonghyun Son, Hyun Wook Kang, Florian M. Thieringer, Neha Sharma, Wonwoo Jeong, Shuaishuai Cao, and Christoph Kunz
- Subjects
Scaffold ,Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,0206 medical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,Article ,dental biomaterials ,in vitro research ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,bone regeneration ,polymer printing ,Dental pulp stem cells ,General Materials Science ,Bone regeneration ,lcsh:Microscopy ,lcsh:QC120-168.85 ,human dental pulp stem cell ,lcsh:QH201-278.5 ,lcsh:T ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Adhesion ,3D printing ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Phosphate ,020601 biomedical engineering ,PLGA ,ceramic printing ,Compressive strength ,chemistry ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
3D printed biomaterials have been extensively investigated and developed in the field of bone regeneration related to clinical issues. However, specific applications of 3D printed biomaterials in different dental areas have seldom been reported. In this study, we aimed to and successfully fabricated 3D poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/&beta, tricalcium phosphate (3D-PLGA/TCP) and 3D &beta, tricalcium phosphate (3D-TCP) scaffolds using two relatively distinct 3D printing (3DP) technologies. Conjunctively, we compared and investigated mechanical and biological responses on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Physicochemical properties of the scaffolds, including pore structure, chemical elements, and compression modulus, were characterized. hDPSCs were cultured on scaffolds for subsequent investigations of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Our findings indicate that 3D printed PLGA/TCP and &beta, tricalcium phosphate (&beta, TCP) scaffolds possessed a highly interconnected and porous structure. 3D-TCP scaffolds exhibited better compressive strength than 3D-PLGA/TCP scaffolds, while the 3D-PLGA/TCP scaffolds revealed a flexible mechanical performance. The introduction of 3D structure and &beta, TCP components increased the adhesion and proliferation of hDPSCs and promoted osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, 3D-PLGA/TCP and 3D-TCP scaffolds, with the incorporation of hDPSCs as a personalized restoration approach, has a prospective potential to repair minor and critical bone defects in oral and maxillofacial surgery, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
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24. Construction of Programmable Drug Delivery System with Additive Manufacturing
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang and Noehyun Myung
- Subjects
Drug ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Drug release rate ,Initial burst ,Controlled release ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Drug delivery ,Polycaprolactone ,Start time ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Body orifice ,media_common ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
A programmable drug delivery system can control the release rate of a drug. It can minimize side effects while maximizing therapeutic effects. In this research, we investigated the feasibility of producing a programmable drug delivery system using 3D printing technology. A capsule with a micro-orifice and a drug-laden hydrogel was designed. The designed system was then fabricated by the printing process using polycaprolactone and hydrogel. The printed drug delivery system was immersed in PBS at 37°C and the number of molecules released was measured thorough colorimetric analysis. The effect of diameter and length of the micro-orifice and concentration of the hydrogel on drug release characteristics was then determined. The initial burst release rate was found to be increased with increasing orifice size. Increasing the length of the orifice linearly delayed the start time of drug release. At length of 600 μm and 1,200 μm, drug release was initiated after 36 h and 72 h for, respectively. When the concentration of hydrogel was increased, drug release rate tended to decrease. These results successfully confirmed that a drug delivery system with controlled release rate and initiation time could be manufactured using 3D printing technology.
- Published
- 2018
25. Decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-ink with enhanced 3D printability and mechanical properties
- Author
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Songwan Jin, Sang Min Lee, Min Kyeong Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, Wonwoo Jeong, and Jeong Beom Kim
- Subjects
Liver chemistry ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,Cell Survival ,Swine ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,Gelatin ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Mice ,food ,Porcine liver ,Animals ,Cell Proliferation ,Decellularization ,Bioprinting ,Endothelial Cells ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Animal Organs ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Extracellular Matrix ,body regions ,Liver metabolism ,Liver ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,Hepatocytes ,Ink ,0210 nano-technology ,Rheology ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Recently, decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-ink (dECM bio-ink) derived from animal organs is attracting attention because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, its poor 3D printability and weak mechanical properties remain a challenge. Here, we developed a new dECM bio-ink with enhanced 3D printability and mechanical properties. dECM micro-particles of about 13.4 μm in size were prepared by decellularizing a porcine liver followed by freeze-milling. The new bio-ink, named as dECM powder-based bio-ink (dECM pBio-ink), was prepared by loading the dECM micro-particles into a gelatin mixture. The usefulness of the dECM pBio-ink was evaluated by assessing its mechanical properties, printability, and cytocompatibility. The results showed that its mechanical properties and 3D printability were greatly improved. Its elastic modulus increased by up to 9.17 times that of the conventional dECM bio-ink. Micro-patterns with living cells were successfully achieved with 93% cell viability. Above all, the new bio-ink showed superior performance in stacking of layers for 3D printing, whereas the conventional bio-ink could not maintain its shape. Finally, we demonstrated that the dECM pBio-ink possessed comparable cytocompatibility with the conventional dECM bio-ink through in vitro tests with endothelial cells and primary mouse hepatocytes.
- Published
- 2019
26. Quantitative analysis of the role of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) on 3D-printed PCL/nHA composite scaffolds
- Author
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Elna P. Chalisserry, Junghwan Oh, Chulhee Yun, Sang-Hyug Park, Yong Wook Lee, Won-Kyo Jung, Myoung Hwan Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, and Seung Yun Nam
- Subjects
Scaffold ,3d printed ,Materials science ,Bone substitute ,Biocompatibility ,Mechanical Engineering ,0206 medical engineering ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Synthetic polymer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical strength ,Polycaprolactone ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is a widely accepted bone substitute material due to its biocompatibility and intrinsic osteoconductive properties. For various tissue-engineered applications including 3D-printing fabrication of bone substitutes, composite scaffolds combining calcium phosphate such as nHA with synthetic polymer such as polycaprolactone (PCL) have been extensively explored to enhance the mechanical and physiochemical properties. In this study, 3D-printed PCL/nHA scaffolds were developed using mechanical extrusion-based 3D bioprinter. Scaffold morphology, chemical composition, mechanical strength, cell proliferation, and mineralization were quantitatively analyzed at various concentrations of nHA (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt%). The experimental results suggest essential data to optimize mechanical properties, printability, cellular interactions, and osteoconductivity of 3D-printed PCL/nHA composite scaffolds.
- Published
- 2018
27. Water Absorption Property of Zeolite Embedded PVDF Film Fabricated by Electrospinning Method
- Author
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Dong Hee Kang, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Absorption of water ,Chemical engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Zeolite ,Electrospinning - Published
- 2018
28. The Development of Gelatin-Based Bio-Ink for Use in 3D Hybrid Bioprinting
- Author
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Jung Hwal Shin and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,food.ingredient ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Optimal composition ,Cell patterning ,Line width ,Gelatin ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,body regions ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Nih3t3 fibroblast ,food ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Artificial tissue ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Numerous researchers have studied 3D hybrid bioprinting technology, as it appears to be a viable option for producing cellular constructs with clinical relevance. This technology uses a co-printing process with high strength bio-plastics and cell-laden bio-inks. The bio-inks used in this technology should be easily printable and provide good biological environment for artificial tissue regeneration. In this research, we present a gelatin-based bio-ink for 3D hybrid bioprinting. We prepared a variety of gelatin mixtures and evaluated them in terms of their printability. We also investigated the effects of using hyaluronan and glycerol as additives. The results showed that hyaluronan and glycerol enhanced the spatial resolution and uniformity of the printed patterns. We determined the optimal composition for the bio-ink and then conducted 2D and 3D cell patterning tests. The results showed that our bio-ink can produce a line width of approximately 200μm, and multiple types of cells can be positioned precisely in 3D structures. We also conducted a cytocompatibility test with NIH3T3 fibroblast. This test showed the processability of our bio-ink with living cells. Finally, we printed an actual-size, human ear-shaped construct. These experiments suggest that the proposed gelatin-based bio-ink is well suited for applications to 3D hybrid bioprinting technology.
- Published
- 2018
29. Engineering Tissue‐Specific, Multiscale Microvasculature with a Capillary Network for Prevascularized Tissue (Small Methods 10/2021)
- Author
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Jun Woo Lim, Sung Joon Hong, Wonwoo Jeong, Hyun Wook Kang, Jeonghyun Son, and Jae Hyun Jeong
- Subjects
3D bioprinting ,Materials science ,Tissue engineering ,law ,Capillary network ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,law.invention ,Biomedical engineering - Published
- 2021
30. Temperature-Insensitive Polarimetric Fiber Pressure Sensor with Short High Birefringent Fiber and Fiber Bragg Grating
- Author
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Junghwan Oh, Sung-Wook Choi, Yong Wook Lee, Hyun Wook Kang, and Seung Yun Nam
- Subjects
PHOSFOS ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Polarization-maintaining optical fiber ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Graded-index fiber ,Optics ,Fiber Bragg grating ,Fiber optic sensor ,Dispersion-shifted fiber ,General Materials Science ,business ,Plastic optical fiber ,Photonic-crystal fiber - Published
- 2017
31. Polarimetric Fiber Vibration Sensor Based on Polarization-Diversified Loop Using Short Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber
- Author
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Seul-Lee Lee, Sung-Wook Choi, Junghwan Oh, Nouaze Joseph Christian, Hyun Wook Kang, Sun Jae Jeong, Jun Hyeok Jeong, Seung Yun Nam, Ji-Hoon Kim, and Yong Wook Lee
- Subjects
Mode volume ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Polarization-maintaining optical fiber ,General Chemistry ,Microstructured optical fiber ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Graded-index fiber ,Optics ,Fiber optic sensor ,Dispersion-shifted fiber ,General Materials Science ,Plastic optical fiber ,business ,Photonic-crystal fiber - Published
- 2017
32. Electrostatic Charge Retention in PVDF Nanofiber-Nylon Mesh Multilayer Structure for Effective Fine Particulate Matter Filtration for Face Masks
- Author
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Dong Hee Kang, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
Materials science ,nylon ,Polymers and Plastics ,face mask ,Population ,Organic chemistry ,Article ,law.invention ,QD241-441 ,law ,Composite material ,nanofiber ,education ,Triboelectric effect ,Filtration ,education.field_of_study ,piezoelectricity ,triboelectricity ,Drop (liquid) ,PVDF ,multilayer structure ,General Chemistry ,Electrostatics ,electrostatic interaction ,Filter (video) ,Nanofiber ,Particle - Abstract
Currently, almost 70% of the world’s population occupies urban areas. Owing to the high population density in these regions, they are exposed to various types of air pollutants. Fine particle air pollutants (<, 2.5 μm) can easily invade the human respiratory system, causing health issues. For fine particulate matter filtration, the use of a face mask filter is efficient, however, its use is accompanied by a high-pressure drop, making breathing difficult. Electrostatic interactions in the filter of the face mask constitute the dominant filtration mechanism for capturing fine particulate matter, these masks are, however, significantly weakened by the high humidity in exhaled breath. In this study, we demonstrate that a filter with an electrostatically rechargeable structure operates with normal breathing air power. In our novel face mask, a filter membrane is assembled by layer-by-layer stacking of the electrospun PVDF nanofiber mat formed on a nylon mesh. Tribo/piezoelectric characteristics via multilayer structure enhance filtration performance, even under air-powered filter bending taken as a normal breathing condition. The air gap between nanofiber and mesh layers increases air diffusion time and preserves the electrostatic charges within the multi-layered nanofiber filter membrane under humid air penetration, which is advantageous for face mask applications.
- Published
- 2021
33. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cylindrical interstitial laser ablation (CILA) on in vivo porcine pancreas
- Author
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Sung Min Kim, Don Haeng Lee, Van Nam Tran, Jin-Seok Park, Hyun Wook Kang, Seok Jeong, and Van Gia Truong
- Subjects
Endoscopic ultrasound ,0303 health sciences ,Materials science ,Laser ablation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interstitial laser ,Ablation ,01 natural sciences ,digestive system diseases ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Thermal damage ,Porcine pancreas ,Ex vivo ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of cylindrical interstitial laser ablation (CILA) in porcine pancreatic tissue to develop a EUS-guided PC ablation technique with enhanced safety. A diffusing applicator created a uniformly symmetrical laser ablation in pancreatic tissue. Ex vivo tests presented that both ablation thickness and volume increased linearly with the applied power (R2 = 0.96 and 0.90, respectively) without carbonization and fiber degradation. The numerical simulations matched well with the experimental results in terms of temperature development and thermal damage (deviation of ≤ 15%). In vivo tests with EUS confirmed easy insertion and high durability of the diffusing applicator. EUS-guided CILA warranted a feasible therapeutic capacity of ablating in vivo pancreatic tissue. The proposed EUS-guided CILA can be a feasible therapeutic approach to treat PC with predictable thermal ablation and enhanced safety.
- Published
- 2021
34. Effect of multi-wavelength irradiation on color characterization with light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
- Author
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Byeong-Il Lee, Hyejin Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, Hyeong Ju Park, and Woosub Song
- Subjects
Materials science ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Imaging phantom ,Spectral color ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pigment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Contrast (vision) ,Irradiation ,media_common ,Diode ,business.industry ,Wavelength ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Optoelectronics ,sense organs ,business ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
In the current study, a multi-wavelength light-emitting diode (LED)-integrated CMOS imaging device was developed to investigate the effect of various wavelengths on multiple color characterization. Various color pigments (black, red, green, and blue) were applied on both white paper and skin phantom surfaces for quantitative analysis. The artificial skin phantoms were made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixed with coffee and TiO2 powder to emulate the optical properties of the human dermis. The customized LED-integrated imaging device acquired images of the applied pigments by sequentially irradiating with the LED lights in the order of white, red, green, and blue. Each color pigment induced a lower contrast during illumination by the light with the equivalent color. However, the illumination by light with the complementary (opposite) color increased the signal-to-noise ratio by up to 11-fold due to the formation of a strong contrast (i.e., red LED = 1.6 ± 0.3 vs. green LED = 19.0 ± 0.6 for red pigment). Detection of color pigments in conjunction with multi-wavelength LEDs can be a simple and reliable technique to estimate variations in the color pigments quantitatively.
- Published
- 2017
35. Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of ABS parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling and vapor smoothing
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang, Sung-Uk Zhang, and Jonghyeuk Han
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Fused deposition modeling ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,3D printing ,Modulus ,02 engineering and technology ,Dynamic mechanical analysis ,Surface finish ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Finite element method ,law.invention ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,law ,Thermal stability ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Smoothing - Abstract
3D printing technologies have gotten an attention as a viable option for future manufacturing. Among them, FDM is the most popular one because it is inexpensive and can process with multiples materials. Layered surface, that has high roughness, is obtained with the technology due to layer-by-layer based process. This result highly decreases value of the final product. Various methods for postprocessing were proposed to achieve fine surface. Among them, vapor smoothing process is one of powerful methods because of its cost-effectiveness and usefulness. However, this process could affect mechanical property of the printed structure. In this study, we investigated the effect of the vapor smoothing technique with 3D printed structures in terms of thermal-dependent mechanical property. ABS structure was fabricated with FDM and applied into the post-processing. Then, temperature-dependent storage modulus and tan δ of the structure were measured with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the variation of amount of acetone. The results showed that the process highly affects to the thermal stability. Below 50°C, any differences were not observed. However, lower modulus and higher tan δ were shown in the higher temperature. This experiment provides very useful data for FEM simulation to predict mechanical property of a 3D printed structure.
- Published
- 2017
36. Roll-to-roll slot die production of 300 mm large area silver nanowire mesh films for flexible transparent electrodes
- Author
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Young Jei Oh, Eung Seok Lee, Hyun Wook Kang, Byung Yong Wang, and Dae Soon Lim
- Subjects
Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Substrate (electronics) ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Die (integrated circuit) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Roll-to-roll processing ,Indium tin oxide ,Electrode ,Transmittance ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Sheet resistance - Abstract
To develop flexible transparent electrodes, an ink fabricated with silver nanowires (AgNWs) was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate using a roll-to-roll slot die machine. The AgNW used in the manufacturing of the transparent electrode is a highly transparent conductive material that is very close to commercialization due to its low sheet resistance, low heat treatment temperature, and high transmittance. An AgNW ink was optimized for the slot die process, which was prepared using the optimized formulation with AgNWs, solvent, and dispersant. As a result, high-quality transparent conductive films were successfully manufactured with 32–94 Ω sq−1 of sheet resistance, 1.3–3.2 of haze and 86.2–92% transmittance with a width of 300 mm. To verify the possibilities in optoelectronic applications, organic solar cells were fabricated with the AgNW mesh transparent electrode and showed a good performance of 7.65% efficiency, which was better than the result obtained using an indium tin oxide-based electrode.
- Published
- 2017
37. A silver nanowire mesh overcoated protection layer with graphene oxide as a transparent electrode for flexible organic solar cells
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang, Eung Seok Lee, Young-Jei Oh, and Byung-Yong Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Graphene ,General Chemical Engineering ,Oxide ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Substrate (electronics) ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Indium tin oxide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Short circuit ,Sheet resistance - Abstract
For high-throughput flexible electronic devices to be ready for the market, their transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) should show stable working performance during folding conditions and have a long operating life. In this study, TCEs were produced by over-coating silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes with graphene oxide (GO). The GO/AgNW electrodes showed an outstanding sheet resistance value of 18 Ω−1, 87% transmittance, mechanical stability, and excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, the GO film wrapped around the AgNWs, which improved the inter-nanowire junction resistance and lowered the surface roughness without any heat treatments or high-force pressing processes. Flexible P3HT:PC60BM- and PTB7:PC70BM-based organic solar cells (OSCs) were produced using the GO/AgNW transparent electrodes on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The GO/AgNW electrode exhibited a higher optical absorption in all the OSCs compared to those of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and showed a high short circuit current of 3 mA cm−2. Consequently, the fabricated OSCs showed a 7% higher efficiency than the ITO electrodes. In addition, after 50 bending tests, the efficiency of the GO/AgNW electrodes changed less than 3%. Thus, the GO/AgNW electrodes showed enhanced results in terms of resistance and durability compared to conventional transparent electrodes, including ITO-based electrodes.
- Published
- 2017
38. Ex vivodetection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques using intravascular ultrasonic-photoacoustic imaging
- Author
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Yong Wook Lee, Hyun Wook Kang, Junghwan Oh, Nhat Quang Bui, and Kyu Kyu Hlaing
- Subjects
Indocyanine Green ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,genetic structures ,Swine ,Microscopy, Acoustic ,Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Multimodal Imaging ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood vessel walls ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Single scan ,Ultrasonography ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Macrophages ,Ultrasound ,Angiography ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Blood Vessels ,Ultrasonic sensor ,Imaging technique ,business ,Indocyanine green ,Ex vivo - Abstract
Macrophages are excellent imaging targets for detecting atherosclerotic plaques as they are involved in all the developmental stages of atherosclerosis. However, no imaging technique is currently capable of visualizing macrophages inside blood vessel walls. The current study develops an intravascular ultrasonic-photoacoustic (IVUP) imaging system combined with indocyanine green (ICG) as a contrast agent to provide morphological and compositional information about the targeted samples. Both tissue-mimicking vessel phantoms and atherosclerotic plaque-mimicking porcine arterial tissues are used to demonstrate the feasibility of mapping macrophages labeled with ICG by endoscopically applying the proposed hybrid technique. A delay pulse triggering technique is able to sequentially acquire photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) signals from a single scan without using any external devices. The acquired PA and US signals are used to reconstruct 2D cross-sectional and 3D volumetric images of the entire tissue with the ICG-loaded macrophages injected. Due to high imaging contrast and sensitivity, the IVUP imaging vividly reveals structural information and detects the spatial distribution of the ICG-labeled macrophages inside the samples. ICG-assisted IVUP imaging can be a feasible imaging modality for the endoscopic detection of atherosclerotic plaques.
- Published
- 2016
39. Surface energy characteristics of zeolite embedded PVDF nanofiber films with electrospinning process
- Author
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Dong Hee Kang and Hyun Wook Kang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Polyvinylidene fluoride ,Surface energy ,Electrospinning ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Surface-area-to-volume ratio ,Nanofiber ,Fiber ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Electrospinning is a nano-scale fiber production method with various polymer materials. This technique allows simple fiber diameters control by changing the physical conditions such as applied voltage and polymer solution viscosity during the fabrication process. The electrospun polymer fibers form a thin porous film with high surface area to volume ratio. Due to these unique characteristics, it is widely used for many application fields such as photocatalyst, electric sensor, and antibacterial scaffold for tissue engineering. Filtration is one of the main applications of electrospun polymer fibers for specific application of filtering out dust particles and dehumidification. Most polymers which are commonly used in electrospinning are hard to perform the filtering and dehumidification simultaneously because of their low hygroscopic property. To overcome this obstacle, the desiccant polymers are developed such as polyacrylic acid and polysulfobetaine methacrylate. However, the desiccant polymers are generally expensive and need special solvent for electrospinning. An alternating way to solve these problems is mixing desiccant material like zeolite in polymer solution during an electrospinning process. In this study, the free surface energy characteristics of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film with various zeolite concentrations are investigated to control the hygroscopic property of general polymers. Fundamental physical property of wettability with PVDF shows hydrophobicity. The electrospun PVDF film with small weight ratio with higher than 0.1% of zeolite powder shows diminished contact angles that certifying the wettability of PVDF can be controlled using desiccant material in electrospinning process. To quantify the surface energy of electrospun PVDF films, sessile water droplets are introduced on the electrospun PVDF film surface and the contact angles are measured. The contact angles of PVDF film are 140° for without zeolite and 80° for with 5 wt% of zeolite respectively. As a result, the surface energy of PVDF film can be controlled by embedding zeolite particles in electrospinning process and applied to filtration application of dust filtering and dehumidification simultaneously with low manufacturing cost.
- Published
- 2016
40. Development of temperature controller-integrated portable HIFU driver for thermal coagulation
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Suhyun Park, Hyun Wook Kang, Ngot Thi Pham, and Huu-Toan Huynh
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Temperature monitoring ,lcsh:Medical technology ,Materials science ,Controller (computing) ,Transducers ,Biomedical Engineering ,PID controller ,Biomaterials ,Thermocouple ,Liver tissue ,Animals ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Thermal coagulation ,Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller ,Blood Coagulation ,Tissue temperature ,High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ,Temperature control ,Coagulation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Research ,Temperature ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,Liver ,lcsh:R855-855.5 ,High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ,Cattle ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Background Temperature monitoring during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy on tissue is essential to regulate the degree of thermal coagulation and to achieve the desired treatment outcomes eventually. The aim of the current study was to design and investigate the feasibility of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) temperature controller-integrated portable HIFU driver for thermal coagulation. Methods A portable HIFU driver was designed and operated at a maximum output voltage of 50 V with pulse-width modulation signals at 2 MHz. The temperature of ex vivo bovine liver tissue was monitored using a K-type thermocouple during the 2-MHz HIFU exposure. Results The tissue temperature was maintained at 60 °C using a PID controller-integrated HIFU driver that modulated the output voltage during the 300-s HIFU exposure. The ex vivo testing demonstrated that the tissue temperature at the focal point approached the chosen temperature, i.e., 60 °C, within 70 s. The temperature was maintained with a deviation of less than 4 °C until the HIFU driver voltage was turned off at 300 s. Conclusions The designed PID controller-integrated HIFU driver can be used as a small portable tool to regulate the tissue temperature in real time and achieve thermal coagulation via HIFU sonication.
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- 2019
41. Unevenness of Thin Liquid Layer by Contact Angle Variation of Substrate during Coating Process
- Author
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Dong Hee Kang, Hyun Wook Kang, and Na Kyong Kim
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Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,Edge (geometry) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Surface tension ,Contact angle ,Viscosity ,Coating ,Materials Chemistry ,Composite material ,Thin film ,contact angle ,thin layer coating ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,uniformity ,Surface energy ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,engineering ,volume of fluid ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0210 nano-technology ,edge beads - Abstract
During a thin film application, the surface of the coating liquid applied to the substrate becomes uneven because of the geometry of the substrate, viscosity of the coating liquid, surface tension, and its contact angle with the substrate. The surface is particularly uneven at the edge corner portion of the substrate and is thicker than the average coating thickness. This study used the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method to examine the surface unevenness of the coating liquid in terms of the contact angle of the substrate surface and sides. After the coating liquid was evenly applied to the substrate, the maximum height of the uneven region of the coating liquid at the edge of the substrate increased as time passed. The point of maximum height moved away from the edge corner portion of the substrate. The coating liquid applied to the substrate with a contact angle less than 90°, exhibited a pinning effect in which the contact point was fixed at the edge. The surface unevenness was more pronounced in the absence of the pinning effect than in its presence, due to the effects of the viscosity of the coating fluid and the surface energy of the substrate.
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- 2019
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42. Investigations on pulse-processing model for diffuser-assisted LITT on prostate cancer
- Author
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Hyun Wook Kang, Van Gia Truong, and Van Nam Tran
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Prostate cancer ,Optics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,medicine ,Pulse processing ,Diffuser (sewage) ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2019
43. Bactericidal activity of biofilm in flexible cystoscope under combined exposure of glutaraldehyde, 808-nm, and 405-nm laser
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Hyun Wook Kang, Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana, Van Nam Tran, Byung-Soo Chun, and Van Gia Truong
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,law ,Flexible cystoscope ,Biofilm ,Glutaraldehyde ,Laser ,law.invention ,Biomedical engineering - Published
- 2019
44. One-directional flow of ionic solutions along fine electrodes under an alternating current electric field
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WooSeok Choi, In Seok Kang, Hyeonsu Woo, Kanghyun Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, Geunbae Lim, and Jung Hwal Shin
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Materials science ,one-directional flow ,Ionic bonding ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Engineering ,law ,Electric field ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,alternating current electric field ,business.industry ,Direct current ,carbon nanotube nanowire electrode ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Flow (mathematics) ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:Q ,particular frequency ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Alternating current ,Research Article - Abstract
Electric fields are widely used for controlling liquids in various research fields. To control a liquid, an alternating current (AC) electric field can offer unique advantages over a direct current (DC) electric field, such as fast and programmable flows and reduced side effects, namely the generation of gas bubbles. Here, we demonstrate one-directional flow along carbon nanotube nanowires under an AC electric field, with no additional equipment or frequency matching. This phenomenon has the following characteristics: First, the flow rates of the transported liquid were changed by altering the frequency showing Gaussian behaviour. Second, a particular frequency generated maximum liquid flow. Third, flow rates with an AC electric field (approximately nanolitre per minute) were much faster than those of a DC electric field (approximately picolitre per minute). Fourth, the flow rates could be controlled by changing the applied voltage, frequency, ion concentration of the solution and offset voltage. Our finding of microfluidic control using an AC electric field could provide a new method for controlling liquids in various research fields.
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- 2019
45. Multi-Lens Arrays (MLA)-Assisted Photothermal Effects for Enhanced Fractional Cancer Treatment: Computational and Experimental Validations
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Hyun Wook Kang, Hanjae Pyo, Hyejin Kim, and Hyeonsoo Kim
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Temperature monitoring ,photothermal therapy ,Materials science ,education ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,cancer treatment ,Imaging phantom ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,In vivo ,fractional laser therapy ,Photothermal therapy ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Laser ,Treatment efficacy ,Cancer treatment ,micro-lens array ,Lens (optics) ,030104 developmental biology ,colon cancer ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. As a non- or minimally invasive cancer treatment, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely used to generate irreversible thermal injuries in tumors. However, conventional PTT employs an end-firing flat fiber to deliver laser energy, leading to the incomplete removal of tumor tissues due to an uneven beam distribution over the tumor surface. Multi-lens arrays (MLA) generate multiple micro-beams to uniformly distribute laser energy on the tissue surface. Therefore, the application of MLA for PTT in cancer affords a spatially enhanced distribution of micro-beams and laser-induced temperature in the tumor. The purpose of the current study is to computationally and experimentally demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of MLA-assisted fractional PTT on colorectal cancer, in comparison to flat fiber-based PTT. Abstract Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer typically employs an end-firing flat fiber (Flat) to deliver laser energy, leading to the incomplete treatment of target cells due to a Gaussian-shaped non-uniform beam profile. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of multi-lens arrays (MLA) for enhanced PTT by delivering laser light in a fractional micro-beam pattern. Computational and experimental evaluations compare the photothermal responses of gelatin phantoms and aqueous dye solutions to irradiations with Flat and MLA. In vivo colon cancer models have been developed to validate the therapeutic capacity of MLA-assisted irradiation. MLA yields 1.6-fold wider and 1.9-fold deeper temperature development in the gelatin phantom than Flat, and temperature monitoring identified the optimal treatment condition at an irradiance of 2 W/cm2 for 180 s. In vivo tests showed that the MLA group was accompanied by complete tumor eradication, whereas the Flat group yielded incomplete removal and significant tumor regrowth 14 days after PTT. The proposed MLA-assisted PTT spatially augments photothermal effects with the fractional micro-beams on the tumor and helps achieve complete tumor removal without recurrence. Further investigations are expected to optimize treatment conditions with various wavelengths and photosensitizers to warrant treatment efficacy and safety for clinical translation.
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- 2021
46. High-performance coaxial piezoelectric energy generator (C-PEG) yarn of Cu/PVDF-TrFE/PDMS/Nylon/Ag
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Byeong Kwon Ju, Won Kook Choi, Bosung Kim, Dong Hee Park, Jung Hyuk Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, Sang-Woo Kim, and Min-Chul Park
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Materials science ,Piezoelectric coefficient ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,High voltage ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Electrospinning ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mechanics of Materials ,Electrode ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Coaxial ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Power density - Abstract
Coaxial type piezoelectric energy generator (C-PEG) nanofiber was fabricated by a self-designed continuous electrospinning deposition system. Piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE nanofiber as an electroactive material was electrospun at a discharge voltage of 9–12 kV onto a simultaneously rotating and transverse moving Cu metal wire at an angular velocity of ω g = 60–120 RPM. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the PVDF-TrFE nanofiber was approximately −20 pm V−1. The generated output voltage (V G) increased according to the relationship exp(-α P) (α = 0.41– 0.57) as the pressure (P) increased from 30 to 500 kpa. The V G values for ten and twenty pieces of C-PEG were V G = 3.9 V and 9.5 V at P = 100 kpa, respectively, relatively high output voltages compared to previously reported values. The high V G for the C-PEG stems from the fact that it can generate a fairly high V G due to the increased number of voltage collection points compared to a conventional two-dimensional (2-dim) capacitor type of piezoelectric film or fiber device. C-PEG yarn was also fabricated via the dip-coating of a PDMS polymer solution, followed by winding with Ag-coated nylon fiber as an outer electrode. The current and power density of ten pieces of C-PEG yarn were correspondingly 22 nA cm−2 and 8.6 μW cm−3 at V G = 1.97 V, higher than previously reported values of 5.54 and 6 μW cm−3. The C-PEG yarn, which can generate high voltage compared to the conventional film/nanofiber mat type, is expected to be very useful as a wearable energy generator system.
- Published
- 2021
47. EGFR-conjugated hydrogel accelerates wound healing on ulcer-induced burn wounds by targeting collagen and inflammatory cells using photoimmunomodulatory inhibition
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Hyejin Kim, Hyun Wook Kang, and Karuppusamy Shanmugapriya
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Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,Animals ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Cytotoxicity ,Ulcer ,Wound Healing ,biology ,Cell growth ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Hydrogels ,Cell migration ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,digestive system diseases ,Rats ,0104 chemical sciences ,ErbB Receptors ,Mechanics of Materials ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Collagen ,Burns ,0210 nano-technology ,Wound healing - Abstract
In the present study, we fabricated an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-conjugated hydrogel to promote wound healing in cold restraint-induced gastric ulceration on burn wounds targeting collagen and inflammatory cells for the treatment of burns and gastric ulcers. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays demonstrated good biocompatibility of hydrogel as a suitable extracellular matrix for targeted cells and support for regenerative cell growth. These findings were confirmed by staining methods. In vitro wound healing was confirmed cell migration in the targeted cells. The effect of the EGFR-H was investigated in cold restraint-induced gastric ulcers in rats, where the treatment was started immediately after ulcer induction. In the in vivo experiment, the EGFR-H demonstrated enhanced ulcer healing ability and less scarring compared to the hydrogel alone and controls. Thus, EGFR-H promotes healing of cold restraint-induced gastric ulcer via EGFR conjugated with a hydrogel. The present study demonstrates a novel pathway to fabricate hydrogels as suitable wound dressing biomaterials to improve deep partial thickness burn wound healing and prevent scar formation when aided by laser therapy.
- Published
- 2021
48. Theoretical and experimental study on liquid film thicknesses of unsteady slug flows in a capillary tube
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Young Jik Youn, Naoki Shikazono, Hyun Wook Kang, and Chan Kyu Lee
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Materials science ,Capillary action ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bubble ,Evaporation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,Slug flow ,01 natural sciences ,Capillary number ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,Weber number ,Displacement (fluid) ,Dimensionless quantity - Abstract
Liquid film thickness is an important parameter for predicting evaporation and condensation heat transfer performance of two-phase slug flow in a capillary tube. Under flow boiling condition, the bubble of two-phase slug flow is elongated and accelerated. In the present study, the effect of acceleration on the liquid film thickness of unsteady two-phase slug flow is theoretically and experimentally investigated. It is first theoretically found that the accelerated slug flow is affected by the dimensionless numbers of capillary number (Ca), Weber number (We), and Bond number (Bo). The relation of the dimensionless liquid film thickness with the capillary number, Weber number, and Bond number for unsteady accelerated slug flows was obtained. The liquid film thicknesses of two-phase slug flows under acceleration condition were directly measured using laser focus displacement metering technique. Circular capillary tube with inner diameter of 1 mm was used for the test tube, and water, ethanol and FC-40 were used as working fluids. The novel prediction correlation of liquid film thickness for accelerated slug flows was proposed and it well predicts all the experimental data for all conditions. As the Bond number increases, the liquid film thicknesses are gradually shifted in the direction of decreasing film thickness due to acceleration effect. At a fixed capillary number, initial liquid film thickness becomes thinner with increasing Bond number.
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- 2021
49. Effect of optical energy modulation on the thermal response of biological tissue: computational and experimental validations
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Yong Wook Lee, Hyun Wook Kang, Van Nam Tran, and Van Gia Truong
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0303 health sciences ,Range (particle radiation) ,Materials science ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Diffuser (thermodynamics) ,010309 optics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Fiber optic sensor ,Modulation ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Continuous wave ,Coagulation (water treatment) ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
This study develops an energy modulation technique to attain a constant interstitial tissue temperature and to induce the predetermined thermal coagulation without carbonization in tissue. An optical diffuser was employed to deliver 1064 nm light to the biological tissue. The combined mode maintained the interstitial temperature at 70 ℃ for longer durations compared to the continuous wave mode. Coagulation volumes increased linearly with the time and met the predetermined treatment volume range (0.32–0.52 cm3) after the combined treatment for 100 s. The combined modulation can be a feasible modality to induce the predetermined extent of thermal coagulation for treating papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
- Published
- 2020
50. Experimental study of a thin water-film evaporative cooling system to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric device
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Sungmook Lim, Liang Jun Zheng, Dong Hee Kang, Wonoh Lee, Young Jik Youn, Na Kyong Kim, and Hyun Wook Kang
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nuclear engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Evaporation ,Cooling pond ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,General Energy ,Thermoelectric generator ,020401 chemical engineering ,Thermoelectric effect ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Relative humidity ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Voltage ,Evaporative cooler - Abstract
In the study, a new method to enhance the performance of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) device by utilizing the water-film evaporative cooling is proposed. An experimental device was constructed by incorporating a water-film cooling pond with a commercially available TEG. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the main operating conditions (ambient temperature Tamb was 25 °C), TEG hot-side temperature (TH = 50–100 °C), ambient relative humidity (RH = 15–90%), and water-film thickness (twater = 1–9 mm) on the TEG output performance. Additionally, the output performance of TEG under different cooling methods was compared. A TEG prototype device was constructed to generate electricity/steam using seawater evaporation cooling without external electrical energy. The results indicated that TEG hot-side temperature and water-film thickness significantly affected output performance. However, the ambient relative humidity did not considerably affect TEG output performance. Given TEG hot-side temperature TH = 100 °C, ambient relative humidity RH = 15%, the TEG prototype device-generated open-circuit voltage of Uopen = 1.55 V, maximum output power of Pmax = 290.32 mW, and a steam generation rate of 9.82 mg/s. The results showed that evaporative cooling is an innovative method to improve the performance of TEG.
- Published
- 2020
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