Search

Temperature sensitive electrical parameters (TSEPs) are used to determine the chip temperature of a single-chip insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) power module by measuring one electrical device parameter. Commonly, most TSEPs have a linear relationship between the chip temperature and the electrical parameter. Like any sensor, preferred attributes of TSEPs include good accuracy, linearity, and sensitivity. For multichip IGBTs (mIGBTs) modules, these can only be achieved when all chips have the same temperature. Equal chip temperatures among different semiconductor chips can be achieved when placing mIGBTs in environmental chambers to produce a homogeneous temperature distribution (HTD). In real applications, however, mIGBTs are power cycled and are exposed to inhomogeneous temperature distribution (ITD) where temperature differences exist between chips. Consequently, measuring one electric parameter only cannot represent each chip temperature which impacts the TSEP sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy. This article compares the performance of ten TSEPs applied to an mIGBT module operating at HTD and ITD conditions in order to determine which TSEPs are most suitable for mIGBTs in real applications.

Multichip insulated gate bipolar transistor (mIGBT) power modules (PMs) degrade over power cycling. Bond wire lift–off is one of the major failure modes. This article presents a technique to diagnose bond wire lift-off by analyzing the on -state voltages across collector and emitter terminals and the voltages across collector and Kelvin emitter terminals. The proposed method can indicate the first lift-off out of 37 bond wires in a mIGBT. The main novelty of the proposed technique is that it can locate the chip that has bond wire lift-off(s). In addition, the temperature dependence of the proposed approach is negligible. The article describes the proposed technique in detail and shows results and discussions based on practical tests which are carried out on two mIGBT PMs with different packages.

This paper proposes a novel health-sensitive parameter, called the gate–emitter pre-threshold voltage V GE(pre-th), for detecting IGBT chip failures in multichip IGBT power modules. The proposed method has been applied in an IGBT gate driver and measures the V GE at a fixed time instant of the V GE transient before the threshold voltage occurs. To validate the proposed method, theoretical analysis and practical results for a 16-chip IGBT power module are presented in the paper. The results show a 500 mV average shift in the measured V GE(pre-th) for each IGBT chip failure.

Luminescence properties of the Cr3+-doped LiGaW2O8 crystals are investigated by laser excitation spectroscopy. The powder samples for various Cr3+ concentration were prepared by high-temperature solid state reaction. The temperature behaviors of the emission intensity and the decay time of the self-activated LiGaW2O8 host are discussed. The emission spectra and decay times of LiGa1-xW2O8:xCr3+ are measured under UV excitation in the temperature range 10–300 K. The luminescence quenching of LiGaW2O8:Cr3+ as functions of temperature and Cr3+-concentration is explained by structural and spectral characteristics.

Luminescence properties of sodalite Zn4B6O13:Mn2+ are investigated by optical and laser excitation spectroscopy in the temperature range 10 – 300 K. The samples of Zn4B6O13:Mn2+ are prepared in the carbon reducing atmosphere. The green emission at 540 nm are observed in Zn4B6O13:Mn2+ for various Mn2+ concentration. Optimum Mn2+ concentration and critical distances between Mn2+ ions in Zn4B6O13 are obtained by the luminescence intensity as functions of Mn2+ concentration. The decays of Mn2+ emission depend strongly on Mn2+ concentration due to the energy transfer and energy diffusion in Zn4B6O13:Mn2+. The fine structures consisting of the intense zero phonon line (ZPL) and weak vibrational sidebands are observed at low temperature. The relevant mechanism of excitation bands, ZPL, vibrational sidebands and the bandwidth as functions of temperature are interpreted in detail by energy level diagram of the 3d5 transition metal ions and configuration coordinated diagram. The high thermal stability of the Zn4B6O13:Mn2+ phosphor are observed in the temperature range 10–300 K.

The Y2WO6:Yb3+/Er3+ crystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The needle-shaped morphology is controllably formed and a number of crystals aggregate as spheres by adding the surfactant of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) into the reaction system. The crystal structure, morphology and upconversion luminescence properties of the Y2WO6:Yb3+/Er3+ crystals are conducted on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), FTIR and emission spectra. The different emission intensity ratio of the red and green bands is observed for the Y2WO6:Yb3+/Er3+ precursors under different heat treatments. The different intensity ratio are illustrated according to the upconversion mechanism.

Eu3+-doped Gd10(1-x)Eu10xV2O20 (x = 0 – 1) phosphors were synthesized via the sol-gel process. The formation of a single phase compound was verified through the X-ray diffraction studies. Luminescence properties of Gd10V2O20:Eu3+ are investigated by optical and laser excitation spectroscopy. The emission and excitation spectra, luminescence decays were measured in the temperature region 7–300 K. The strong emission due to the vanadate group of Gd10V2O20:Eu3+ is observed at low temperature. The charge transfer transition of Eu3+ depends strongly on the Eu3+-concentration in Gd10V2O20:Eu3+. The emission intensity as a function of Eu3+ concentration under excitation of charge transfer band is inconsistent with that of the 4f7 states (the 5L6 state) of Eu3+. The energy transfer occurs between two Eu3+ ions at low Eu3+ concentration (

Ba5Al3F19:Eu2+ blue-emitting phosphors were synthesized by the solid state reaction in a reductive atmosphere. The crystal structure of Ba5Al3F19:Eu2+ phosphors were characterized by using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurement. The luminescence properties are investigated systematically based on the crystal structure. Emission and excitation spectra of the Ba5Al3F19:Eu2+ phosphor along with the decay curves were characterized. Under the excitation of UV light, the phosphor exhibits a broad band emission around 410 nm ascribed to the allowed 4f65d→4f7(8S7/2) transition, together with a sharp line at 360 nm corresponding to the forbidden 4f7(6P7/2)→4f7(8S7/2) transition of the Eu2+ ions. The temperature dependent emission spectra and decay curves were measured to investigate the origins of the emission and the thermal stabilities of the as-prepared phosphors. The as-prepared Ba5Al3F19:Eu2+ phosphors display interesting and stable luminescence properties, which can act as promising blue-emitting phosphor candidates.

Yb3+ (0.5–30 mol %) activated Y4CdMo3O16 phosphors have been prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method. The phase formation was investigated by the XRD structural refinements. The surface properties of the powder phosphors were verified by SEM, TEM and EDS measurements. The optical properties were evaluated by the reflectance spectra, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, decay curves (lifetimes), and the absolute quantum efficiency (QE). Under the excitation of UV light, Yb3+-activated Y4CdMo3O16 shows the efficient near-infrared (NIR) emission bands (900–1100 nm), which is ascribed to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transitions of Yb3+ ions. The NIR emission intensity shows a dependence on Yb3+ contents, which has an optimal doping of 25 mol %. The energy transfer (ET) from MoO4 to Yb3+ ions in the lattices was discussed. The NIR emission around 1000 nm just corresponds to the optical response of Si-based solar cells. Consequently, the efficiency could be enhanced by arranging luminescent layers mixed with Y4CdMo3O16:Yb3+ phosphors and transparent matrix in the front surface of Si solar cells.

Eu 3+ -doped NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 nanophosphors were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method without any surfactants or a further heat treatment. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, and decay curves were used to characterize NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 :Eu 3+ phosphors. The results show that the Eu 3+ -concentration has little influence on the structure and morphology of the as-synthesized samples. However, pH value plays a vital role on the structure and morphology of NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 . The well-crystallized sheet-like NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 phosphors can be obtained only at pH = 5–7. On the basis of the time-dependent synthesis, a possible growth mechanism of sheet-like architectures is proposed. The luminescence properties of NaGd 1-x Eu x (WO 4 ) 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are investigated. It is found that the charge transfer band of Eu 3+ shifts to lower energy and broadens with increasing the Eu 3+ -concentration.

In this work, we report the preparation of lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+)-complex-grafted copolymer of methyl methacrylate and maleic anhydride films. The lanthanide complex with three amino groups was used to react with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) (P(MMA-MAH)) via the amidation method. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize those polymers. Luminescent properties were evaluated through conducting Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra, emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves measurements. The infrared analysis reveals the amidation between amino groups and anhydride rings. The comparatively uniform morphology can be observed in the images of TEM and SEM. These polymers can emit intense characteristic lights including red light from Eu3+ ions and green light from Tb3+ ions under 294 nm excitation. The lifetimes of polymers are short (about 1 ms). Meanwhile, these luminescent polymers exhibit high thermal stability (T5 > 200 °C). We also stimulate a lamp to illustrate the possible application. All these approved interesting results suggest that they hold significant promising applications as luminous layers for optoelectronic devices.

Polycrystalline phosphors YK 3 B 6 O 12 :RE 3+ (RE = Eu, Ce, Tb) were prepared by the solid-state synthesis. The single crystal-phases of the samples were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements and the structural refinements. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements were applied to analyze the morphologies of the phosphors. The photoluminescence excitation spectra (PLE) and emission (PL) spectra, decay curves and lifetimes were investigated. Under the near-UV light excitation, YK 3 B 6 O 12 :Eu 3+ , YK 3 B 6 O 12 :Ce 3+ , and YK 3 B 6 O 12 :Tb 3+ phosphors exhibit the characteristic emission transitions from Ce 3+ (5d→4f transitions in blue color), Eu 3+ ( 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 , red color), and Tb 3+ ( 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 , green color), respectively. The luminescence internal quantum efficiency (QE), the optimal doping level and the thermal stability with the activation energy (Δ E ) were measured. The result in this work could be useful for the further applications of this new host as a potential phosphor.

Europium- (Eu-) doped BaNb2V2O11 powders with layered mixed-anion structure were prepared through the solid state method successfully. The obtained powders were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), structural refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that BaNb2V2O11 powders could absorb the UV–vis light effectively with the band gap energy of 2.219 eV. The introduction of Eu3+ in the host contributes to the decrease of the band gap energy (2.137 eV). Moreover, the photocatalytic activities of the obtained powders were evaluated through the photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue (MB) solutions under visible light irradiation as a function of time. All the results indicate that the BaNb2V2O11 powders can be used as a potential visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Notably, du...

A green-emitting Tb(III) complex based on siloxane-modified pressure sensitive adhesives (SPSA-Tb(III)) was successfully synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Siloxane-modified pressure sensitive adhesives (SPSA) were used as host materials. The structural coordination, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and luminescence (PL) spectra, and thermal characterization of this luminescent polymer were investigated. The result from the FT-IR spectra reveals that SPSA have successfully coordinated with the Tb(III) ions. The luminescent analysis indicates that SPSA-Tb(III) displays Tb(III) typical emission peaks at 489, 545, 583, and 622 nm under the excitation of 369 nm. When monitored at 545 nm, strong and sharp excitation bands appear from 300 to 500 nm. And SPSA-Tb(III) has short lifetime (0.25 ms). Meanwhile, SPSA-Tb(III) exhibits high thermal stability (T d = 402 °C) owing to the high bond dissociation energy of Si O bonds. All the results suggest that it is expected to be used as a superior green-emitting material under high temperature.

Na4La2−2xTb2x(CO3)5 (x=0–0.5) nanophosphors were prepared via hydrothermal method, and the photoluminescence, concentration quenching, luminescence color chromaticity and thermal activation energy of samples were measured. The results indicate that samples with x values of 0–0.5 possess the pure monoclinic phase with an absorption edge at 250 nm. Na4La2−2xTb2x(CO3)5 (x=0–0.5) phosphors exhibit green luminescence, attributed to the 5D4→7FJ (J=6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb3+. The concentration quenching takes place at about x=0.3, but no decreased luminescence intensity is observed; moreover, the activation energy of thermal quenching of Na4LaTb(CO3)5 nanophosphor was calculated to be 0.116 eV. The luminescence properties of Na4La2−2xTb2x(CO3)5 are benefited from its structural characteristics: long distance between Tb3+ ions and the ordered distribution of Tb3+ ions.

Eu 3+ -doped Na 4 La 2 (CO 3 ) 5 rod-like nanophosphors were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and the photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, the concentration quenching of the phosphors, the luminescence color chromaticity and the activation energy for thermal quenching were measured. The results indicate that all samples possess the pure monoclinic phase. Na 4 La 2−2 x Eu 2 x (CO 3 ) 5 ( x =0–1) phosphors exhibit reddish luminescence with the dominant 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ at 617 nm. Na 4 Eu 2 (CO 3 ) 5 has the strongest emission without luminescence quenching, which is benefited from its structural characteristics: long distance between Eu 3+ ions and the average La–O–La bond angle of 128.10°. Moreover, the activation energy of thermal quenching and quantum efficiency of Na 4 Eu 2 (CO 3 ) 5 nanophosphors are 0.356 eV and 13.5%, respectively.

Aurivillius-type photocatalyst of Bi4V2O11 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 45 nm was prepared by the modified Pechini method. The sample was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the structural refinement. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and UV–vis absorption spectrum. Bi4V2O11 nanoparticles show an efficient absorption in the UV–vis light wavelength region with a narrowed band gap energy of 2.08 eV and an indirect allowed electronic transition. The photocatalytic activities of Bi4V2O11 nanoparticles were evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation in air atmosphere. These results indicate that Bi4V2O11 could be a potential photocatalyst driven by visible-light. Hybridization of the 6s and 6p orbitals of Bi3+ and the resulting lone electron pair yields interesting properties. The effective photocatalytic activity was discussed on the base of the crystal structure characteristic such as polar (VO3.5□0.5)2− anionic groups, Aurivillius-type (Bi2O2)2+ layers and long distance of the nearest V–V in the lattices, etc.

Nanosized particles of strontium bismuth vanadate SrBi3VO8 were prepared via the Pechini method on the base of citrate-complexation route. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), and UV–vis absorption spectrum. This bismuth-containing vanadate presents an efficient absorption in the UV–visible light wavelength region with a narrow band-gap energy of 2.36 eV and an indirect allowed electronic transition. It is well-known that hybridization of the 6s and 6p orbitals of Bi3+ could result in lone electron pair and yield some very interesting properties. The photocatalytic activities of SrBi3VO8 nanoparticles were evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation in air atmosphere. These results indicate that SrBi3VO8 could be a potential photocatalyst driven by visible light. To understand the charge generation and separation process, the luminescence as well as the decay lifetimes was investigated in the same samples for photocatalysis.

A visible-light-driven photocatalyst based on the well-known cathode material of NASICON-type Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 was prepared by a modified Pechini method. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectrum. The average size of Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 particle is below 50 nm. NASICON nanoparticles Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 has an efficient absorption in the UV-visible light wavelength region with a direct allowed electronic transition of 2.07 eV. The photocatalytic properties of Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 were evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 has an efficient photocatalytic activity and could be a potential photocatalyst driven by visible-light. The photocatalytic activity was discussed on the optical absorption and special hexagonal tunnel structure connected by optical active centers of MoO4 and NiO6 and its good conductivity.

A new visible-light-driven photocatalyst of Na 2 Ni(MoO 4 ) 2 particle was prepared by the modified Pechini method. The crystal structure was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the structural refinement. The sample was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis absorption spectrum measurements. The average size of Na 2 Ni(MoO 4 ) 2 particle is about 180 nm. Na 2 Ni(MoO 4 ) 2 particle have an efficient optical absorption in the UV–visible light wavelength region with a direct allowed electronic transition of 2.06 eV. The effective photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was demonstrated, which benefits from the special crystal structure of Na 2 Ni(MoO 4 ) 2 particle. This crystal lattice has two infinite chains formed by (Ni,Na)O 6 and MoO 4 polyhedra standing in lines alone with the inner wall of the hexagonal tunnels. This results in the efficient optical absorption and provides more chances for electron–hole separations, which can further react with dye molecules to oxidize the dye pollutant into non-toxic products.

The luminescence properties and site occupation of NaScP2O7:Ce3+ and KScP2O7:Ce3+ phosphors are reported for the first time. Two principal Ce3+ sites [Ce (I) and Ce (II)] are observed. One of the Ce3+ centers is found to be produced by the direct substitution of the dopant ion for Na+/K+ without a local charge compensation. Another center is ascribed to an associate of a Ce3+ ion and a cation vacancy. The zero-phonon line E0 and Stokes shift are calculated.

Yb3+-doped CaZnV2O7, SrZnV2O7 and BaZnV2O7 were synthesized via the solid-state reaction. The polycrystalline samples were investigated by XRD and SEM measurements. The reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, the absolute quantum efficiency (QE) of the IR emission (900–1100 nm) were measured. The efficient conversion from ultraviolet (UV) light to near-infrared (NIR) emission has been demonstrated in the Yb3+-doped pyrovanadates by the broadband down conversion from VO43− to Yb3+ ions. Under UV light excitation, an intense NIR emission around 1000 nm ascribed to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition of Yb3+ ions has been observed, which just corresponds to the spectral response of Si solar cells. The NIR emission efficiency is observed to depend on the lattice of pyrovanadate. The mechanism of the NIR emission ascribed to energy transfer is discussed by taking into account the experimental results and the crystal structures.

Red-emitting Mn4+-doped A2CaWO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) phosphors have been synthesized by solid-state reaction. The crystallinities and structural properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The luminescence properties were studied by luminescence excitation, emission spectra and decay curves. All the synthesized materials emit red light peaking around 680 nm which can be assigned to the 2Eg → 4A2g spin-forbidden transition of Mn4+ ions under the excitation of ultraviolet to blue light. The critical quenching concentrations of Mn4+ in A2CaWO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) system are evaluated. The temperature dependent emission spectra and decay curves (10–520 K) were introduced to evaluate the thermal stability. Surprisingly, the proposed three kinds of red phosphors show quite different thermal behavior, which can be ascribed to the different crystal structure environment of Mn4+ ions in A2CaWO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) system.

Na2Mg5(1-x)Si12O30:5xMn2+(x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.03,0.05,0.07 and 0.09) red phosphors were synthesized by solid state reactions. The formation of a single phase compound is verified through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The excitation and emission spectra, and decay curves of Na2Mg5Si12O30:Mn2+ are investigated by optical and laser excitation spectroscopy in the temperature range 7–520 K. The strong red emission peaking at 600 nm is observed due to the spin forbidden transition 4T1 → 6A1 of Mn2+ ions. At high Mn2+ concentration, new side bands appear at lower energy side at around 670 nm which can be ascribed to the appearance of the formation of new Mn2+ centers. In addition, the thermal quenching behavior is investigated to evaluate the commercial value of Na2Mg5Si12O30:Mn2+ as red-emitting materials.

A self-activated yellow-emitting phosphor of nano-sized Cs 5 V 3 O 10 was synthesized by the Pechini method. The crystal phase and structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and structural refinement. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements. Luminescence properties such as excitation and emission spectra as well as the absolute external quantum efficiency ( η ) are presented. Cs 5 V 3 O 10 is efficiently excited by UV light and X-ray and presents a bright yellow luminescence with the maximum η of 85.2%. It is suggested that Cs 5 V 3 O 10 is expected to be an efficient phosphor for lighting and display.

Ca2B2O5:RE (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) nanofibers were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction method. The structural refinement was conducted on the base of the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. The surface properties of the Ca2B2O5:RE (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) nanofibers were investigated by the measurements such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The nanofiber has a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers. The luminescence properties such as photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission spectra (PL), decay lifetime, color coordinates, and the absolute internal quantum efficiency (QE) were reported. Ca2B2O5:Eu3+ nanofibers show the red luminescence with CIE coordinates of (x = 0.41, y = 0.51) and the luminescence lifetime of 0.63 ms. The luminescence of Ca2B2O5:Tb3+ nanofibers is green color (x = 0.29, y = 0.53) with the lifetime of 2.13 ms. However, Dy3+-doped Ca2B2O5 nanofibers present a single-phase white-color phosphor with the fluorescence decay of 3.05 ms. Upon near-UV excitation, the absolute quantum efficiency is measured to be 65, 35, and 37 % for Eu3+-, Tb3+-, Dy3+-doped Ca2B2O5 nanofibers, respectively. It is suggested that Ca2B2O5:RE (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) nanofibers could be an efficient phosphor for lighting and display.

Bi8V2O17 (4Bi2O3·V2O5) nanoparticles with the uniform size of about 50 nm were fabricated through the Pechini method. The crystal structure was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and the structural refinement. The surface of the as-synthesized samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical properties, band structure, and the degradation mechanisms were discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that Bi8V2O17 nanoparticles have an efficient visible-light absorption with band-gap energy of 1.85 eV and a direct allowed electronic transition. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photodegradation of the methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) as a function of time. These results indicate that Bi8V2O17 could be a potential photocatalyst driven by visible light. The effective photocatalytic activity was discussed on the base of the crystal structure characteristic.

A novel calcium silicate borate Ca11Si4B2O22 ceramic was firstly prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. In vitro hydroxyapatite mineralization was investigated by soaking the ceramics in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions at body temperature (37 °C) for various time periods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) measurements were applied to investigate the samples before and after the immersion of ceramics in SBF solution. The elemental compositions of a hydroxyapatite layer on the ceramics during the mineralization were confirmed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectra (EDS). Meanwhile, the bending strength and elastic modulus of Ca11Si4B2O22 ceramics were also measured, which indicate that the biomaterials based on Ca11Si4B2O22 ceramics possess bioactivity and might be a potential candidate as biomaterials for hard tissue repair. The bioactive mineralization ability was evaluated on the base of its crystal structural characteristics, i.e., silanol (Si-OH) and B-OH groups can be easily induced on the surface of Ca11Si4B2O22 ceramics soaked in SBF solutions.

Correction for ‘Synthesis, structure and optical performance of red-emitting phosphor Ba5AlF13:Mn4+’ by Lin Qin et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 49473–49479.