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Local delivery of anticancer agents via injectable hydrogels could be a promising method for achieving spatiotemporal control on drug release as well as minimizing the disadvantages related to the systemic mode of drug delivery. Keeping this in mind, we report the development of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMCS)-guar gum-based injectable hydrogels for the sustained delivery of anticancer drugs. The hydrogels were synthesized by chemical crosslinking of multialdehyde guar gum (MAGG) and N,O-CMCS through dynamic Schiff base linkages, without requiring any external crosslinker. Fabrication of injectable hydrogels, involving N,O-CMCS and MAGG via Schiff base crosslinking, is being reported for the first time. The hydrogels exhibited pH-responsive swelling behavior and good mechanical properties with a storage modulus of about 1625 Pa. Due to the reversible nature of Schiff base linkages, hydrogels displayed excellent self-healing and thixotropic properties. Doxorubicin (Dox), an anticancer agent, was loaded onto these hydrogels and its release studies were conducted at pH 7.4 (physiological) and pH 5.5 (tumoral). A sustained release of about 67.06% Dox was observed from the hydrogel after 5 days at pH 5.5 and about 32.13% at pH 7.4. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) and the hemolytic assay demonstrated the biocompatible nature of the hydrogels. The Dox-loaded hydrogel exhibited a significant killing effect against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with a cytotoxicity of about 72.13%. All the data presented support the efficiency of the synthesized N,O-CMCS/MAGG hydrogel as a biomaterial that may find promising applications in anticancer drug delivery.

Tung oil monoglyceride (TMG), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone modified (DDS-TO-alkyd) polypyrrole enveloped cerium oxide (PPy-PSCeO2) nanofiller dispersed alkyd nanocomposites (alk-DDS-PPy-PSCeO2-x) were synthesized using pyromellitic dianhydride through an eco-friendly, solvent-less and in situ approach. Structural elucidation was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques while morphological studies were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and optical micrographs. Physico-chemical and physico-mechanical studies were tested to ASTM standards with a hydrophobic study measured by CA values. Further, the anticorrosive performance of the plain alkyd (alk-Pl) and alk-DDS-PPy-PSCeO2-x nanocomposite-coatings were experimentally studied using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray studies (SST). These studies revealed that nanocomposite (alk-DDS-PPy-PSCeO2-1.5) coatings synthesized by the green and solvent-less approach exhibit higher physico-mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, adhesion and superior corrosion protective performance under acidic and saline environments in comparison to reported oleo-alkyds and other oleo-polymer nanocomposite coatings. The proposed oleo-alkyd nanocomposite-coatings are found to be ecologically reliable and thermally more stable and can be safely used up to 213 °C.

The present research highlights the synthesis of new polymer Polyborozirconia(o-toluidine) (PBOT-Z): a novel nanoconducting polymer via a green, easy and scalable approach. This method was free of the template and harmful surfactant, leading PBOT-Z nanoparticles of uniform size c.a. 120–130 nm of well-defined shape. Successively, PBOT-Z incorporated epoxy nanocomposites were prepared which revealed that coatings exhibited outstanding anti-corrosive properties as compared to other nanocomposite coatings. This was corroborated to Boron(B) and Zirconia(Zr) in POT, both of which acted as a smart filler, dynamic cross-linkers as well as compatible modifiers.

Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs), owing to their environmental friendliness and non-flammability, are considered as a green class of materials for a wide spectrum of applications, like adhesives, co...

Sustainable development requires greener modifications of petro-based polymers and environment benign alternatives. Here we report, formulation of sustainable vegetable (soy) oil based epoxy polymer blends (ESODG), and their green colored nickel oxide (NiO) based organic-inorganic hybrid (ESODG-PA-NiO) nanocomposites (NCs). Along with additional improvements over generic shortcomings of DGEBA epoxies, the polymeric NC formulation can substitute up to 50% of synthetic epoxy polymer. ESODG-PA-NiO imbibes various value added properties of synthetic polymers but the use of ESO and reduction in the use of organic solvents lead to a sharp decrease in volatile organic components (VOCs). The incorporation of NiO and formulation of stable NCs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, the anticorrosive performance of these coatings have been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt (5 wt.% NaCl vapors) mist techniques. It was observed that with the increased NiO concentration in NC improved, the thermal stability, physicochemical/mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, lowering of current density (Icorr), and higher pore resistance (3.5 wt.% NaCl and HCl solutions) values. The excellent anticorrosive performance of ESODG-PA-NiO hybrid is mainly governed by the electrostatic interaction between NiO and ESODG-PA, which provide additional locking/sealing effect and rectified polymeric artifacts and can be used as a surface decorative/protective anticorrosive coating.

Surface functionalized tri-metallic strontium magnesium ferrite (Sr0.3Mg0.7Fe2O4, SMF) nanoparticles were synthesized by using facile solvent less green oleo polyol method. Various analytical techniques (XRD, XPS, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, BET, and VSM) were used for the investigation of the crystal lattice, surface functionalization, morphology, surface area, and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit mesoporous morphology with cubic structure. These mesoporous nanoparticles have been exploited for the removal of toxic organic pollutant (Congo red, CR) from the aqueous solution. Detailed investigations on the adsorption of CR dye by these nanoparticles have been conducted via the rate kinetics study using various adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, etc.). These studies revealed that the mesoporous SMF nanoparticles with the high surface area (21.85 m2g−1), have exhibited superior adsorption capacity (>90% within 30 min) and fast separation ability under the influence of external magnetic field along with good recyclability (∼93%). The adsorption analysis of magnetic SMF revealed pseudo-second order dye removal kinetics and follow Freundlich isotherms. These properties of magnetic SMF nanocubes provide an extra edge over other such reported systems and may find its potential as a cost-effective magnetic adsorbent for water treatment application.

Barium ferrite encapsulated polythiophene (BaFe12O19/PTh) nanocomposite has been synthesized to analyse electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The morphological analysis of the synthesized composites has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed the encapsulation of BaFe12O19 nanoparticles by PTh forming a core-shell structure. Highest loading of BaFe12O19 in composite (NC-100 i.e. BaFe12O19:PTh = 1:1) exhibits excellent magnetic properties with a magnetic moment and coercivity of 25.78 emu/gm and 2.5 kOe, respectively. Microwave shielding behaviour of the nanocomposite samples has been tested in X-band region by vector network analyser. Highest −43.27 dB shielding effectiveness at 11.65 GHz has been obtained in NC-100 composite. The excellent shielding effectiveness is due to the synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic loss of the nanocomposite. These results suggest that the BaFe12O19/PTh nanocomposite (NC-100) exhibited superior EMI shielding properties and find wider application as low cost, high performance, lightweight microwave absorbing material.

Inhibition of electrochemical and microbial corrosions is one of the prominent importance in both industrial and environmental applications. Therefore, we have designed a sustainable surface-active bi-functional (antimicrobial/anticorrosive) polyurethane nanocomposite (PUC) coating by means of synergistic effects of π-π interaction and in situ incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) for the first time. The PUC was synthesized using Pongamia oil, acrylic acid (to induce π-π interaction), GO (biocidal and reinforcing agent), and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) via one-pot addition polymerization. These interactions improved GO distribution, which influenced the structure and segmental dispersion within the PUC network. Further, it was observed that the properties (physical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, and adhesion) of the synthesized PUC coating were significantly improved. The electrochemical studies confirmed that upon addition of small amount of GO (0.5 wt.%) the anticorrosive behavior of PU nanocomposite coating was increased, exhibiting high corrosion potential (Ecorr= -0.179 V), low corrosion current density (Icorr = 2.3 × 10−11 A. cm-2), and enhanced impedance modulus at low frequency (|Z|0.01 Hz = 3.6 × 1010 Ω cm2) even after 21 days of immersion (5% NaCl solution). Besides, the surface activity of the PUC coating was confirmed by its strong contact-killing effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Based on these results, present work provides a facile route towards the development of high-performance dual-functional coatings that may find a wider scope of applications in various industries like maritime, food, fuel and healthcare.

Herein, we present the synthesis of CD, polycarbazole (PCz), and CDs encapsulated in PCz (CD@PCz) nanofillers. These nanofillers were dispersed in a safflower oil polyurethane (PU) matrix to formulate nanocomposite coatings. The structures, morphologies, and thermal behaviors of these coatings were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The anticorrosive performance was evaluated using acid resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and salt spray tests. The results showed that the PU nanocomposites had superior corrosion resistance performance with a very small loading amount (0.5%) of nanofiller (CD, PCz, and CD@PCz). The CD@PCz/PU nanocomposite coatings exhibited excellent corrosion resistance performance, with a low icorr value (1.15 × 10−11 A cm−2), a high Ecorr value (0.05 V), and the highest protection efficiency (99.999%) compared with other coating systems. The superior anticorrosive performance of these coatings was attributed to the excellent barrier properties, strong filler–matrix interactions, and the formation of a stabilized passive layer at the coating-metal interface. These results suggested that the proposed nanocomposite coatings (CD@PCz/PU) have potential for the development of a new generation of multicomponent anticorrosive coatings with high performance.

A waterborne polyesteramide (WBPEA) and its nanocomposites (WBPEA–RGO) were synthesized using soya oil, diethanol amine, phthalic anhydride and RGO nanoparticles. Ethanolic solutions of RGO nanoparticles were dispersed in WBPEA via sonication (WBPEA–RGO) and simultaneously both (WBPEA) and (WBPEA–RGO-x) were cured with 80 phr poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) isobutylated solution (PMF). Their coatings (WBPEA–PMF-80 and WBPEA–PMF-80–RGO-x) were formulated on finally polished carbon steel strips. The structural elucidation of these materials was performed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The physico-chemical, physico-mechanical, thermal and anticorrosive properties of these coatings were investigated, which revealed that the nanocomposite coatings possess remarkably good physico-mechanical [impact resistance (150 lb per in.), scratch resistance (11.5 kg), bend tests (flexibility retained up to 1/8 inch)] properties. The nanocomposite coatings show far superior anticorrosive performance (impedance = 107 ohm cm2 and phase angle = 85.6°) in comparison to those of WBPEA–PMF-80 (impedance = 106 ohm cm2 and phase angle = 82°) and other such reported coatings.

The work reports the synthesis of nano Poly(borophenyldiammine) PBPDA: a novel nanoconducting polymer via easy, scalable and eco-friendly green approach. The method is template less and surfactant less, ensuing PBPDA nanospheres of uniform size c.a. 120–130 nm of high solubility, conductivity, surface area, crystallinity and well-defined shape. More interestingly, PBPDA nanoparticles dispersed epoxy nanocompsites were prepared using DMSO, as an alternative non-toxic solvent, considering the extreme present urgency for clean environment. Our findings revealed that coatings exhibited outstanding anti-corrosive properties as compared to other conducting polymer based coatings, which is corroborated to B in PDA, which acted as a filler, cross linker and modifier.

In near future, bio-based polymer coatings are expected to gradually replace the fossil oil based coating materials. However, extensive application of bio-based polymer is still a challenge because of its several limitations. The use of organic-inorganic hybrid cross linker is one of the interesting strategies used for the processing of highly crosslinked polymer coatings with improved mechanical and anticorrosive performance. Thus present work reports the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) cross linker using melamine formaldehyde (MF) and 3 isocynatopropyl triethoxy silane (IPTES). The structural characterization was carried out using various spectroscopic techniques, which provide ample evidence in favor of MF/IPTES cured alkyd formation. The impact of OIH cross linker on various properties like physico-mechanical, adhesion, thermal stability and anticorrosive properties was investigated systematically. The enhancement in aforementioned properties could be explained in terms of synergistic effect of s-triazine ring of melamine formaldehyde and IPTES.

The conversion of micro lignin to lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and their application in engineering and technology are potential steps towards global sustainability because lignin is obtained from industrial and agricultural waste and can be used in green chemistry. In the present study, we report the high-yield synthesis of lignin nanoparticles in different media, i.e., castor oil (CO), ethylene glycol (EG) and water (W) and evaluate their effect on the size and morphology of the LNP. The syntheses of LNP cover 9 out of 12 of the green chemistry principles; the synthesis was carried out via acid precipitation in a polyol medium, which acts as a stabilizing agent. From the results of the TEM, DLS, and SEM studies, it was observed that ≈15–20 nm LNP were successfully formed and spherical morphologies were observed when EG and CO were used as solvents. Furthermore, the anticorrosive behaviour of these nanoparticles was evaluated; the LNP acted as anticorrosive nanofillers for the protection of carbon steel (CS) in stringent corrosive conditions and was dispersed in an epoxy matrix to formulate epoxy nanocomposite coatings. Physicomechanical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies suggest that LNP-dispersed epoxy coatings potentially protect the underlying materials and show better protection as compared to the bare epoxy coatings.

In the present study, preparation, characterization and coating properties of plant oils based organic-inorganic hybrid materials [OIHM] are described. Polyols from Castor oil [CO], Linseed oil [LO] and tetraethoxyorthosilane [TEOS] serve as organic and inorganic constituents, respectively. OIHM are prepared by “hydrolysis-condensation” reactions. The hydroxyl groups of polyols condensed with TEOS, forming silica anchored polyol based OIHM which on addition reaction with isocyanate formed polyurethane hybrids [COHM-PU and LPOHM-PU]. In FTIR spectra of OIHM, absorption bands at 800 cm −1 (Si O Si sym str) and 1090.0 cm −1 (Si-O-Si assym str) confirmed the formation of nano silica, that occurred as unagglomerated and spherical particles as observed in TEM micrographs of OIHM. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the onset of degradation at 220 °C–225 °C. OIHM showed moderate to good antibacterial behavior against E.coli and S.aureus . OIHM coatings showed good corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency in 3.5 wt% NaOH, 3.5 wt% HCl and performed well in salt fog environment. The corrosion rate and IE% values for COHM-PU were found to be 1.534 × 10 −2 mm/yr and 94.208%, and 9.923 × 10 −3 mm/yr and 95.062% for LPOHM-PU, in 3.5 wt% NaOH for 0.5 mol loading of TEOS. In 3.5 wt% HCl, corrosion rate was 9.78 × 10 −3 mm/year for COHM-PU with IE% value as 91.90% and 7.98 × 10 −3 mm/year for LPOHM-PU with IE% value as 93.44%. OIHM were developed via a synergistic approach wherein plant polyols provide matrix for the production of SiO 2 ; the latter act as reinforcements improving the performance properties in hybrid polyurethane. OIHM may serve as platform chemicals for numerous industrial products such as paints and coatings.

Nano-sized CuO particles were prepared insitu via “one-pot, solvent-less” microwave-induced synthesis, by environmentally benign polyol process using polyol obtained from Linseed oil by (non-aqueous) condensation reaction, for the first time. Linseed polyol acts as solvent, base matrix providing functional groups, and stabilizer; the reaction is devoid of any additive, catalyst or solvent. In the prepared nanocomposites [LPE-CuO], CuO nanoparticles shaped somewhat like rods, assembled themselves in a “T-fashion”. The antifungal effects of synthesized particles were investigated against four clinical isolates of different Candida species. Results showed that the synthesized compound LPE-0.06 was found to be most effective, followed by LPE-0.05 and LPE-0.04. The rapid actions of the synthesized compounds on fungal cells suggested membrane-located targets. We investigated the effect of MIC90 values of these compounds on H+-ATPase mediated proton pumping by different Candida species. In the absence of glucose, the mean inhibition rate of H+ extrusion caused by MIC of LP was 28.09%, LPE: 33.04%, CuAc: 36.86%, LPE-0.04: 58.54%, LPE-0.05: 69.82% and LPE-0.06: 78.07%, respectively. Antifungal mechanism of action suggested that the synthesized compounds exert their antifungal activity by targeting H+-ATPase mediated proton pumping. Inhibition of H+-ATPase activity leads to intracellular acidification and consequently cell death. Results obtained in this study indicated strong antifungal activity of synthesized compounds against all the Candida species and suggest that the inhibition of fungal H+ ATPase is responsible for the antifungal activity of the test compounds. LPE-CuO can be employed as antifungal polyester and polyurethane coatings. The present work is consistent with the Principles (Principle 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 12) of Green Chemistry.

Mechanical stability, surface hydrophobicity, and thermal stability of anticorrosive polymeric coatings play a significant role in technological and industrial fields. In view of this, the present study demonstrates the design of transparent organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite coatings with improved mechanical strength and barrier properties. Herein, a suspension was formulated containing in situ grown titania (–O–Ti–O–) from titanium isopropoxide (TIP), diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), and polyamide (PA). TIP simultaneously acts as a condensation agent, bridging agent (–O–Ti–O), as well as an inorganic surface modifier to epoxy resin and increases the water contact angle due to topographical improvement via optimum cross-linked surface density. The surface, morphological, thermal, and electrochemical techniques highlight broader application areas for these hybrid polymeric materials. The lowest Icorr value of 2.5211 × 10−10 for DGE–TiO2–PA hybrid coatings compared to those of DGE–PA (2.1029 × 10−7), CS (8.9131 × 10−5), and other reported coating systems in saline (3.5 and 5 weight% NaCl) environments projects DGE–TiO2–PA as a potential anticorrosive coating material.

Ethelynediamine modified graphene oxide (MGO) covalently functionalized with poly(p-phenylenediamine) (MGO-PPPDA) nanofiller was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Their composites were formulated using safflower oil polyurethane (PU) viz; MGO/PU, PPPDA/PU, and MGO-PPPDA/PU through 0.5 wt.% dispersion of these (MGO, PPPDA and MGO-PPPDA) nanofillers via ultra-sonication. Their coatings were prepared on carbon steel. The corrosion protective performance of these coatings were investigated under harsh acidic environments (5 wt.% HCl and H2SO4) with the help of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray techniques. The results revealed that the synergistic effect of both MGO and PPPDA within a single PU matrix remarkably enhances the corrosion protection ability of MGO-PPPDA/PU than those of MGO/PU and PPPDA/PU nanocomposite coatings.

To overcome the shortcomings of petro-based polymer coatings, researchers have intensified research efforts on the development of eco-friendly and sustainable polymer coatings. It may help in reducing the burden on fossil fuel, which is expected to deplete by near future. Thus, here we report the In-situ formulation of solvent-less hydrophobic bi-functional ceria doped Tung Oil Polyesteramide nanocomposite coatings. The physico-chemical, physico-mechanical, structural, corrosion protective and flame-retardancy performance of these hybrid inorganic-organic nanofillers dispersed Tung Oil polyesteramide nanocomposite coatings were investigated using standard methods i.e. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vertical burning test (VBT), potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt-spray test. The studies revealed that the prepared nanocomposite coatings exhibit excellent adhesion, hydrophobicity, negligible water uptake, superior corrosion protection and flame retardancy behaviour than those of other such reported oleo polymer coating systems. The coatings can be safely used up to 200 °C.

Conducting polymers (CPs) exhibited a promising ability of corrosion inhibition and find application in the formulation of new generation smart anti-corrosive coating materials. CPs not only act as an active barrier for corrosive ions but also provide protection to the metal substrate through the redox mechanism. In view of this, the present article reports the synthesis, structural, physico-chemical, physico-mechanical characterization and corrosion protective performance of tartaric acid (TA) and functionalized protonic acid-dodecyl benzenesulphonic acid (DBSA) doped poly(o-anisidine) nanoparticles (TA–DBSA-POA) and these nanoparticles dispersed epoxy-siloxane (ES) nanocomposite coatings (TA–DBSA-POA–ES) on carbon steel (CS). The structure, size and morphology of TA–DBSA-POA nanoparticles and those of coatings were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, TEM and SEM analysis. The conductivity of TA–DBSA-POA nanoparticles (2.09 S cm−1), and TA–DBSA-POA–ES nanocomposites (5.02 × 10−3 S cm−1) as well as their thermal stability were investigated with the help of the four-probe method and the TGA technique. The physico-mechanical properties of these coatings were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. To the best of our knowledge, the corrosion protective performance of these coatings was investigated for the first time in our laboratory, using the salt spray test (SST), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques at varying concentrations of NaCl viz. 3.5 wt%, 5.0 wt% and 7.0 wt% NaCl. SEM-EDAX and Raman studies revealed the presence of a passive ferric oxide layer. These studies revealed that nanocomposite coatings show far superior thermal stability, physico-mechanical and corrosion protective performance than plain ES and other such CP reinforced epoxy coating systems.

Waterborne epoxy acrylate-butylated melamine formaldehyde (EpAc-BMF) coatings and ferrite (Fe3O4) dispersed nanocomposite (EpAc-BMF-Fe3O4) coatings have been developed with a view to effectively replace the hazardous solvent borne polymeric coatings. The physico-mechanical properties of these coatings were studied using standard protocols. Electrochemical measurements were made in 3.5 wt% solutions of NaOH, NaCl and HCl as well as in tap water (Cl− ion 63 mg/L; Conductivity 0.953 mS/m). The salt spray test on coated and uncoated MS was carried out in 5 wt% NaCl solution for 600 h. Fe3O4 nanoparticles in matrix act as filler, which fill the pinhole, interstitial crosslinked spaces and other coating artifacts (micro cracks and voids) regions besides provide strength to the coating material. Electrochemical studies revealed that EpAc-BMF-Fe3O4 coatings were found to be effective in restricting the penetration of aggressive ions by forming a strong barrier layer at coating metal interface. Among various compositions of EpAc-BMF-Fe3O4 coatings, EpAc-BMF-Fe3O4-2.5 coatings have shown highest corrosion protection efficiency in different corrosive media.

Novel copper(II) nanocoordination complexes [LCuCl]Cl C1, [LCu(SCN)]SCN C2, and [LCu(NO3)]NO3C3 capped by bis-benzimidazole diamide ligand N1,N5-bis{(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)methyl}glutarimide L were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods viz. transmission electron microscopy (5–100 nm), dynamic light scattering, elemental analysis, EPR, and infrared spectroscopy. These complexes were also tested for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide release during culture. Lipopolysaccharide-induced superoxide production decreased most significantly for complex C2. Nanocoordination complex C2 also showed the most significant in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa human cervical cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and U-87 glioblastoma cells, ranging from 50 μg ml−1 to 500 μg ml−1. In vivo study revealed an increase in body weight (11.5 g) for the tumour control groups, whereas in the case of the mouse groups treated with test sample C3, the difference in body weight as compared to the control was approximately 4.7 g. In further studies, it decreased to 2.2 g and 0.6 g in the case of mouse groups treated with nanocoordination complexes C1 and C2, respectively. The mean mouse survival time was 21 days, which increased to 100, 120, and 170 days for C3, C1, and C2, respectively.

The work presents the physico-mechanical properties and potentiodynamic polarization measurements studies of linseed oil based polyurethane/tetraethoxyorthosilane [LPU/TEOS] hybrid and polyurethane/tetraethoxyorthosilane/fumed silica NC [LPU/TEOS/FS] hybrid nanocomposite coatings. The best coating performance was obtained by the inclusion of 2 wt% FS in 2-LPU/TEOS hybrid. 2-LPU/TEOS/FS produced glossy, transparent, flexibility retentive, scratch-resistant and impact resistant coatings at ambient temperature relative to LPU/TEOS coatings. 2-LPU/TEOS/FS showed good scratch hardness (5.5 kg), impact resistance (250 lb/in.), flexibility (1/8 in.) as investigated by standard methods with corrosion rate obtained as 3.567 × 10−4 mm/year and 4.05 × 10−4 mm/year and inhibition efficiency as 99.816% and 99.710% in 3.5% NaOH and 3.5% HCl, respectively.

Some preliminary investigations on “green” preparation, morphology and antibacterial behavior of Linseed polyol nanocomposite [LMPOL] for antibacterial polyurethane coatings are summarised. Nanocomposite is prepared in situ with Linseed polyol [LP] matrix as organic and Copper acetate as inorganic constituent by “solventless one-pot” chemical reaction. The presence of characteristic absorption bands in FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of LMPOL. TEM analysis showed the presence of nano-sized metal oxide in LMPOL. LMPOL showed good antibacterial behavior against E. coli and S. aureus . The interactions between LMPOL and bacterial surfaces lead to good antibacterial efficacy, suggesting membrane disruption based cell death. LMPOL may serve as an excellent starting material for antibacterial polyurethane coating. The approach is an excellent example for the preparation of “green” polyol from “green” resource en route Green Chemistry for protective polyurethane coatings.

The utilization of renewable resources such as vegetable oils [VO] for the development of environment friendly waterborne [WB] materials is encouraged worldwide. The preparation of WB materials from VO is a challenging task due to their hydrophobic nature. The present work describes the synthesis of WB epoxy from VO [WBOE]. WBOE was characterized for its structural and physico-chemical attributes. The cured material was subjected to physico-mechanical, chemical resistance tests, and thermal analyses. The coatings of WBOE showed good physico-mechanical, chemical resistance as well as thermal stability and may find application as eco-friendly WB coatings with safe usage up to 220 °C.

The present work reports the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured poly (o-toluidine) (POT) reinforced epoxy-siloxane (ES) composite resins. The structural elucidation was carried out using FT-IR and UV–visible spectrometry. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the interaction between NH group of the POT and the OH group of ES via strong hydrogen bonding. The UV–visible spectra of POT/ES composites revealed a blue shift of 100 nm in the polaronic transition peak observed at 600 nm in pristine POT, which was attributed to the restriction in the delocalization of polarons in the POT chains due to electrostatic interaction via hydrogen bonding. The nanosize of POT and its dispersion in the ES matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy studies. The particle size was found from 15–35 nm. The morphological studies confirmed the formation of a nanocomposite where POT appeared to act as reinforcing agent in the ES matrix. XRD showed the semi-crystalline nature of POT/ES nanocomposites. The conductivities of POT and its nanocomposites were 10−3–10−4 S/cm at 30 °C. The thermal stability increased with an increase in the loading of POT in ES. The nanocomposites revealed good physico-chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics, which suggests their potential application as corrosion protective coatings.

For the first time, polyurethanefattyamide/silica [PULFAS] based organic–inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared at ambient temperature to combat the corrosion of mild steel. The coating material was synthesized in situ by the reaction of Linseed diol fattyamide (HELA) and tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS, 20–30 phr) at 80 °C, followed by the addition of calculated amount of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) in the reaction setup at room temperature. The formation of PULFAS was confirmed by FTIR spectral technique while morphology of the same was observed by optical micrography. The physico-mechanical properties of PULFAS coatings such as scratch hardness, impact resistance, bend test and gloss along with coating thickness were evaluated by standard methods. Thermal stability of PULFAS was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Curing behavior of PULFS was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Corrosion resistance performance of the hybrid coatings was evaluated by potentio dynamic polarization (PDP) measurements in different corrosive environments at room temperature. Salt spray test of PULFAS coatings was carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The corrosion protection mechanism of the same was also investigated. The results showed that PULFAS coatings exhibit good physico-mechanical properties with excellent performance against the corrosive environments.

Discovery of hydrogels has resulted in developing competent controlled-release drug delivery systems. Present study describes the synthesis and characterization of novel pH responsive hydrogels of chitosan, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyol prepared by physical blending of the three components in different ratios. Vegetable oil derived polyol seems to act as a filler and cross linking agent. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Equilibrium swelling behavior of hydrogels in water and different buffers with pH values (2, 4, 7.3, and 8) indicated the sustained expansion of the films in different pH solutions.

Research efforts are being focused to develop polymers from bioresources such as plant oils from ecological and economical viewpoints, both in academic research and chemical industry worldwide. Plant oil polymers, their organic–inorganic hybrids and composites find versatile applications today. In the present work, we have reported the preparation and characterization of linseed oil based poly (ester urethane) metallohybrids [PEUMH] from linseed oil polyol [LPO], phthalic anhydride [PAN], toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate [TDI] as organic and copper (II) acetate [Cu-Ac] (in different amount) as inorganic precursors, respectively, in “one-pot, multi-step” reaction. PEUMH were characterized by spectral, physico-chemical, thermal (TGA and DSC) and morphological analyses by standard methods. The potentiality of the same as promising coating material was also evaluated. PEUMH are foreseen as prospective candidates for application as antibacterial self-sterilizing protective coatings due to oligodynamic effect of metal.

Recently, biohybrid materials have gained considerable interests worldwide. They consist of bioresource based derivative as organic matrix in combination with inorganic components with synergistic properties of both such as environment friendliness, biodegradability, flexibility of the former coupled with hardness, UV radiation stability, thermal stability and solvent resistance of the latter. In the present work, we have prepared DGEBA/Castor oil nanostructured biohybrid with a metal alkoxide as inorganic precursor for reinforcement of the matrix. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior and coating properties of the prepared biohybrid have been studied. Our studies revealed that the said biohybrid can be safely employed up to 180 °C as nanostructured protective coating.

Inherently conducting polymers (ICP) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their low cost and environmental stability. However, for commercial applications the poor processibility and solubility of ICPs have inhibited their widespread use. To avoid these disadvantages adducts, blends, and composites of conducting polymers have been developed. With a view to enhance the processibility of polyaniline (PANI), this work reports the synthesis of nano PANI polydihydroxydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) adduct and the formulation of its nanocomposite via the dispersion of this nano adduct in butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF) cured soy alkyd (SA) in different weight loadings (0.25 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1 wt %). The formation of PANI-PDMS adduct and its dispersion in butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF) cured soy alkyd (SA) was confirmed by FTIR, UV-visible, 1H-NMR whereas the morphological characterization was done using TEM and X-ray diffraction analyses. The presence of PANI-PDMS in SA-BMF resin was found to significantly enhance the physicochemical, physicomechanical, and thermal properties which could be utilized in the development of corrosion protective paints and coatings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

The polymeric ligand (BFP) was synthesized by condensation of bisphenol-A, formaldehyde, and piperazine in alkaline medium at 70–80°C. The polymer–metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of BFP with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) acetates in 1 : 0.5 (ligand : metal) molar ratio. All the synthesized polymers were characterized by elemental, spectral (infrared, 1H-NMR, and UV-Vis), magnetic moment measurements, and thermal (TGA) analysis. The ligand-field and nephelauxetic parameters have been determined from UV-Vis spectra using ligand-field theory. Elemental analyses indicate the association of water with metal for Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), which is also supported by TGA. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized polymers were studied by agar well diffusion methods against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella boydii. The antimicrobial activity and thermal stability of Cu(II)–poly...

In this paper linseed oil based metallopolyesteramides (Mn(II)-/Co(II)-/Cu(II)-LPEA) containing metals [with half filled (d 5) and partially filled (d 7 and d 9) d orbitals] were synthesized via green route for the application of eco-friendly protective green material. This paper also described the role of occupancy of d orbitals on the performance of such polymers. The synthesis reaction was carried out in situ through condensation polymerization among linseed fatty amide diol (HELA), phthalic anhydride and respective metal acetates [M (OCOCH3)2; M = Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II); different mole ratios] in absence of any harmful organic solvent. The structural determination (FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), curing, thermal, physico-chemical, physico-mechanical, anticorrosive/chemical resistance, antibacterial properties of Mn(II)-/Co(II)-/Cu(II)-LPEA were carried out. The curing mechanism of the resin was confirmed by the comparison of FTIR spectra of uncured and cured resin. The curing mechanism of Mn(II)-/Co(II)-/Cu(II)-LPEA is found to be contrary to that of reported oil based polymer that involves the lipid autoxidation (slow process) in which driers are required to speed up the room temperature curing process. The incorporation of metals in Mn(II)-/Co(II)-/Cu(II)-LPEA improved the thermal stability as compared to virgin linseed oil based polyesteramide (LPEA). Mn(II)-/Co(II)-/Cu(II)-LPEA also show excellent antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The observed diversity in material properties suggests that Mn-LPEA may be useful as an eco-friendly protective green material with thermal stability up to 320–330 °C.

Conventional epoxy resin (DGEBA), in varying proportion, was used to modify epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) based systems, crosslinked by phthalic anhydride. The properties of DGEBA modified ESO systems were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, impact testing, tensile and flexural testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Single loss factor tan δ peak was obtained for all of the modified systems. The results show the improvement in mechanical properties from their high crosslinking densities through the introduction of DGEBA with increase in initial degradation temperature, as obtained from thermogravimetric analysis. Results approaches to an ideal composition which gives the optimum property. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

The present study reports a novel approach for the rapid intercalation of linseed oil-derived fatty amide (LFA) in organo-montmorillonite (OMMT)-Cloisite® 93A. The intercalation of LFA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt %) in Cloisite® 93A was carried by varying the microwave irradiation time from 30 to 90 s. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that microwave irradiation resulted in higher intercalation in a shorter reaction time. The basal spacings were shifted from 12.34 to 16.45 A on microwave irradiation for 30 s while exfoliation occurred at and beyond 60 s exposure. Controlled morphology of the nanohybrids was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis on microwave irradiation for 30 s. This biomodified Cloisite® 93A could be used for the preparation of polyesters, polyesteramides, and polyurethanes of controlled morphology for various applications in biomedicine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Efforts have been made for the development of high performance protective coating materials from non drying oil such as Pongamia glabra oil and their commercialization. Zn-containing self cured Pongamia glabr a oil based polyesteramide [Zn-APGPEA] resin was synthesized in situ by the reaction of Pongamia glabra fatty amide diol [HEPGA], poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) [SMA] and zinc acetate (different ratios) at 100 ± 5 °C in the presence of an acid catalyst. The physico-chemical characterizations of the resin were carried out by standard laboratory methods. The structural elucidation of the prepared resin was carried out by FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectral techniques. The thermal behavior was studied by TGA technique. Antibacterial activity was measured by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . The effect of the loading of zinc on properties of Zn-APGPEA film was also investigated. The properties of Zn-APGPEA compared with reported self cured Pongamia glabra polyesteramide [APGPEA]. Physico-mechanical and chemical/corrosion resistance test of Zn-APGPEA coatings showed that the presence of zinc metal in APGPEA considerably enhances the overall film performance and also improves antibacterial activity. Therefore, Zn-APGPEA can be used as an anti-corrosive and antibacterial coatings material which may substitute polymers obtained from petroleum.

Carboxylic group functionalized single walled (SW) and multi walled (MW) carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been incorporated into biopolymer matrix of chitosan (CH) to fabricate nanobiocomposite film onto indium–tin–oxide (ITO) coated glass plate for co-immobilization of rabbit-immunoglobulin (r-IgGs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to detect ochratoxin-A (OTA). The results of electrochemical studies reveal that presence of both CNT results in increased electro-active surface area of CH leading to enhanced electron transport in these nanobiocomposites. Moreover, in CH–SWCNT and CH–MWCNT nanobiocomposites the availability of NH2/OH group in CH and surface charged CNT also increases loading of the r-IgGs resulting in enhanced electron transport responsible for improved sensing characteristics. Compared to BSA/r-IgGs/CH–MWCNT/ITO immunoelectrode, electrochemical response studies of BSA/r-IgGs/CH–SWCNT/ITO immunoelectrode carried out as a function of OTA concentration exhibits improved linearity as 0.25–6 ng/dL, detection limit as 0.25 ng/dL, response time as 25 s, and sensitivity as 21 μA ng dL− 1 cm− 2 with the regression coefficient as 0.998.

In the present work, microwave assisted synthesis of metallopolyurethaneamide (MicMCPUA) has been carried out from Castor seed oil. The aim of the work is (i) to utilize non toxic, abundantly available bioresources—seed oils, (ii) to develop environment friendly metallopolymers, as vital alternate to petrobased materials, (iii) through “green” technology-microwave assisted synthesis, for the first time, (iv) for application as ecofriendly protective coatings. MicMCPUA was synthesized “in situ” under microwave irradiations by the reaction of microwave assisted diol Castor fattyamide (MicDCFA, as organic matrix) and zinc acetates (5, 10 and 15 wt%, as inorganic modifier) without any harmful solvents resulting in the formation of pre-metallopolymer (MicMDCFA) that was further reacted with toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). The effect of metal incorporation on structural (spectral), physico-chemical and thermal stability of metallopolyurethaneamide was studied by standard methods. The coating performance of the metallopolyurethaneamide was also investigated by physico-mechanical and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. These studies revealed that MicMCPUA may find application as eco-friendly corrosion protective coatings safely up to 200–220 °C.

Bio-based epoxy materials were prepared from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with an anhydride-curing agent. Variation of anhydride/epoxy ratio (R) was found to have significant effect on the resulting properties of the materials. The properties were studied and compared by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), izod impact, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The glass transition temperature reaches the maximum at stoichiometric ratio related to the cross-link density of the formed networks. These materials are thermally stable but exhibit a rapid decrease as the anhydride/epoxy ratio was increased.

Polyetheramide(PEtA) resin was synthesized by the condensation polymerization of N,N-bis(2-hydroxy ethyl) linseed oil fatty amide diol (HELA) with resorcinol. It was further treated with different percentage of toluylene 2-4-diisocyanate (TDI) to obtain the urethane modified polyetheramide resins (UPEtA). The structural elucidation of PEtA and urethane modified polyetheramide(UPEtA) were carried out by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. These analyses confirm the formation of PEtA and UPEtA. Physico-chemical and physico-mechanical analysis were performed by standard laboratory methods. The resin composition UPEtA-24 showed best physico-mechanical properties with scratch hardness 2.0 kg, impact resistance 150 lb/in. and good bending ability. The thermal stability and curing behavior of polymers were respectively studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal analysis shows that these coatings can be used safely upto 190 °C. The coatings of UPEtA resins were prepared on mild steel strips. The anticorrosive behavior of UPEtA coatings were investigated in acid, alkali, water and xylene. All the coatings exhibit good chemical resistance performance in acid, alkali, saline and organic solvents, while the resin UPEtA-24 shows the best performance.

Summary: An attempt has been made to synthesize boron containing poly (urethane-fattyamide) [B-PUPGFA] through the incorporation of boron in the backbone of non drying oil such as Pongamia glabra oil derived poly (urethane-fattyamide). The synthesis route involves 50% reduction in the use of harmful volatile organic contents [VOCs] and was carried out in situ by condensation reaction between N, N′-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) Pongamia glabra fattyamide and boric acid without solvent followed by the addition polymerization with toluene diisocyanate in minimum solvent. Spectral (FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), physico-chemical, physico-mechanical and chemical resistance of B-PUPGFA was carried out by standard laboratory methods. The antibacterial performance of B-PUPGFA was done by agar diffusion method against E. coli and S. aureus. The aforementioned performance of B-PUPGFA was compared with Pongamia glabra oil based virgin poly (urethane-fattyamide) [PUPGFA]. It is observed that the incorporation of boron has a significant influence on the overall performance of B-PUPGFA film, which shows antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, B-PUPGFA serves as novel and promising biomaterial candidate for use as anticorrosive and antibacterial coating material.

Polyol/nanosilica organic-inorganic hybrids (Si/Lpol) were prepared through facile sol-gel chemistry. Tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and linseed polyol (Lpol) obtained by hydroxylation of linseed oil were used as inorganic and organic precursors, respectively. Si/Lpol was further treated with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) to obtain silica embedded polyurethane (Si/LPU). The structure of the organic-inorganic hybrid was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectral analysis. The polyol/nanosilica network shows strong interaction with the remnant polyol backbone through hydrogen bonding, which also has bearing on Tg of polymers. Morphological studies of Si/LPU show the formation of uniform, spherical silica nanoparticles of 2-30 nm size embedded in the polymer matrix. Si/LPU was further reinforced with 2 and 5 wt.-% fumed silica (FS-Si/LPUs); their morphology revealed a carpet layer formation on top of Si/LPU. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal stability of Si/LPU and FS-Si/LPUs. The polymers exhibit mild to moderate antibacterial behavior against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, and will pave way in plethora of biological and chemical applications as coating materials.

Linseed amide diol [HELA] was used as modifier for conventionally available epoxy resin [DGEBA] by blending in different ratio. Blends [DGEBA/HELA] were subjected to spectral, physico-chemical, ageing and antibacterial studies. Interesting features of the blends were complete miscibility of HELA with DGEBA, principally due to hydrogen bonding and chemical reaction between the two constituents, and their moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus . DGEBA/HELA blends were further treated with triethylenetetramine [TETA-A] [DGEBA/HELA/A] as curing agent to evaluate their performance as corrosion protective coating materials. DGEBA/HELA/A coatings showed good physico-mechanical and chemical resistance behavior, in particular against alkaline media. Thermal analysis of DGEBA/HELA/A revealed their single to multi-step degradation behavior with safe usage upto 220 °C. Our investigations confirm the dual role of HELA as environment-friendly, reactive-modifier and mild curing agent for epoxy resins. Besides, DGEBA/HELA/A may find potential applications as “solvent free”, ambient temperature cured antibacterial coating materials.

Ethylene diamine polyesteramide (Ed-PEA) was synthesized from N, N-bis (2-hydroxy ethyl) linseed oil fattyamide and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid through condensation polymerization. It was further treated with toluylene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) in different weight percentage to obtain urethane-modified polyesteramide (Ed-UPEA). The structural elucidation of Ed-PEA and Ed-UPEA were carried out by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Thermal studies of these resins were carried by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The coatings of urethane-modified polyesteramide were prepared on mild steel strips and their anticorrosive behavior of in acid, alkali, water, and xylene were investigated. Thermal stability performance suggests that the system could be safely used upto 200°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

The aim of this work was to investigate the structures and properties of boron incorporated linseed oil polyols (BPEPs) and their polyurethanes (BPEPUs). Hydroxylation was performed in situ using H2O2 and acetic acid; the syntheses of BPEPs and BPEPUs involves polyesterification and polyaddition reactions following “single-pot, multi-step” reactions strategy. Spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR), physicochemical, thermal (TGA, DSC), physico-mechanical analyses and corrosion/chemical resistance performance of aforementioned resins confirmed the incorporation of boron in polyol and polyurethane backbone. BPEPUs followed a clear cut “three step-ambient temperature” curing strategy. They showed very good resistance to 5 wt % HCl, 3.5 wt % NaCl (unaffected for 16 and 14 days, respectively), moderate alkali resistance and moderate to good antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Our investigations reveal that (i) the incorporation of boron has significant influence on the structural, physicochemical aspects, physico-mechanical, chemical resistance behavior, and thermal stability of polyurethanes, (ii) boron linkages play dual role, both as cross linker and modifier, and (iii) BPEPUs may serve as efficient corrosion protective material, which may be safely employed upto 230°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Nanotechnology has emerged as a subject of immense academic interest and excitement in the past few decades. The immediate goal of this science aims at the production of high performance nanomaterials. The present study reports comparative investigations on the in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI), and its derivatives poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNA) and poly(o-toluidine) (POT) within the camphor sulphonic acid (CSA) modified montmorillonite (MMT) layers. The polymerization as well as intercalation of the conducting polymers was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopies, and XRD studies, whereas the morphology of the nanocomposites was analyzed by TEM studies. It was found that the PANI derivatives (PNA and POT) revealed higher intercalation as compared with PANI. The morphology of nanocomposites was found to be governed by the type of conducting polymer intercalated. A large variation in the morphology as well as particle size was observed between the nanocomposites of PANI and its derivatives. The conductivity was found to be in the range of 10−3–10−2 S·cm−1. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of waterborne interpenetrating network (IPN) of epoxy-acrylic-oleic acid (EpAcO) with butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF). The effect of BMF on the formation of IPN was investigated in terms of physicochemical, spectral, morphological, and thermal analyses. The coating properties of the IPN were investigated for their physicomechanical, corrosion resistance, and antimicrobial activity. The formation of the IPN was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR analyses as well as physicochemical properties. The EpAcO-BMF IPN coatings were found to exhibit far superior corrosion resistance performance and good thermal stability when compared with the reported waterborne epoxy acrylic-melamine formaldehyde systems [EpAc-MF]. The preliminary antimicrobial investigations of the IPNs were carried out by agar diffusion method against some bacteria and fungi. The results revealed that antimicrobial activities were enhanced upon the formation of IPN. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

The present work study reports the comparative corrosion protective performance of nanostructured methyl orange (MO) doped polyaniline (PANI) and camphorsulphonic acid (CSA) doped poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNA) dispersed polyurethane-based composite coatings against mild steel (MS). The influence of the dopant on the passivation of metal was analyzed using two different dopants. The nanostructure of the conducting polymers—MO-PANI and CSA-PNA was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion protective performance of the coatings against MS was evaluated by the physico-mechanical properties and corrosion rate measurements.

The present study reports a facile technique for the synthesis of crystalline super paramagnetic nano ferrite (Fe3O4) particles using diethyl amine as a soft template. The spectral properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies while the crystalline structure and particle size was estimated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The super paramagnetic behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was determined using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 300 K. The results of the studies revealed that this technique could be adopted to synthesize agglomerate free super paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles which may find potential application in the filed of biosensor and corrosion protective coatings.