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This review discusses the main aspects of synthesis, structural modification, and practical application of an extremely important class of organic heterocyclic compounds, phthalocyanines and their metal complexes. The main attention is paid to application of phthalocyanines, in such promising areas as tribologically active systems, functional composite materials and coatings, and supramolecular chemistry.

New antifriction composition coatings based on Ni–P alloy and nanodisperse particles of copper phthalocyanate (CuPc) modified with 4-benzenediazonium carboxylate have been prepared and investigated. The effect of the content of carboxylic groups in the disperse phase on the wear resistance of the coatings has been studied, and the optimal concentration of CuPc in the suspension for the autocatalytic deposition of composition coatings has been determined.

The effect of the nature of the metal in metal phthalocyanites on the electrokinetic potential and рН of the isoelectric point (рН(I)) in suspensions of these substances in NaCl solution (0.1 mol/L) is elucidated. The рН(I) values of unmodified МРс increases in a sequence MnPc < CoPc < СuPc ≈ ZnPc on account of the decreasing effective charge of the coordinated metal ion that corresponds to the Irving–Williams series. The impact of the functional group upon heterogeneous modification of МРс nanoparticles is studied, as well. It is established that the modifying group (the oxygenic properties) exerts a stronger influence on (pH(I)) than the metal nature.