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The current study aims to introduce a new generalized photothermal model in which heat equation is described based on the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation. The thermo-optical transition process can be understood, and the interaction between elastic plasma waves and heat can be investigated and explained using the suggested model. The proposed model was used to investigate the thermal and photoacoustic effects in an infinitely constrained solid cylinder of semiconductor material that was crossed into a fixed magnetic field and subjected to a high-intensity laser heal flux. The Laplace transform technique is used to derive the numerical expressions for the components of thermal stresses, displacement, temperature field, and carrier density. The propagation of thermal, elastic, and plasma waves, as well as the distributions of each studied field, was investigated and described. The comparison is also used to evaluate the impact of thermoelastic response characteristics such as thermal relaxations, temperature frequency, and lifetime on the photo-thermoelastic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal chalcohalides have recently been highlighted as so‐far overlooked semiconductors that could play an important role in the future of photovoltaics (PV). Indeed, the blooming field of emergent PV technologies is still in search for stable, efficient, and environmentally‐friendly light‐harvesting materials to be used either in single‐junction solar cells or multijunction devices in combination with silicon or another absorbers. Under the broad terms of metal chalcohalides, there exists a plethora of semiconductor materials with different chemical, structural, and optoelectronic characteristics. While some have already been implemented in solar cells with power conversion efficiencies up to 4–5%, others are only theoretically described. This perspective article offers a general overview of these materials as potential next‐generation absorbers in PV and also discusses possible limitations, not only related to intrinsic materials' properties but also to processing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1955, it was first suggested that Hall effect can be employed for amplification purposes by using semiconductor material with high mobility. This idea was limited at that time yet it was not entirely discarded expecting eventual progress. We revisit this idea and discuss it in the light of current literature. This manuscript kindles this 65 year old amazing idea and views it with modern understanding, which will aid in realizing Hall amplifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic‐organic halide perovskites pose a once‐in‐a‐generation opportunity to revolutionize photovoltaic technology as they are excellent semiconductor candidates with a combination of many desirable attributes. Specifically, halide perovskite solar cells with extremely high device efficiency are easily fabricated and present great promise for commercialization in the near future. However, their non‐ideal environmental stability under real operating conditions can limit their further development. Both the academic and industrial research communities have been devoting considerable effort to overcome this critical deficiency through material and device engineering. Significant progress has been reported in this direction, and in this perspective, we review the recent strategies that promise to improve solar cell stability focusing on two interwoven topics. The first one is the development of environmentally stable semiconductor materials, while the second one is dedicated to the reported progress in improving solar cell device stability. Although, the currently adopted methods have not resolved the above problems, yet they build a foundation of principles for future advances to overcome them. In this regard, we believe commercial perovskite‐related photovoltaics might indeed be on the horizon, not only replacing the currently commercially available ones, but also improving them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled synthesis of semiconductor nano/microparticles has attracted substantial attention for use in numerous applications from photovoltaics to photocatalysis and bioimaging due to the breadth of available physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. Microfluidic material synthesis strategies have recently been demonstrated as an effective technique for rapid development, controlled synthesis, and continuous manufacturing of solution‐processed semiconductor nano/microparticles, due to enhanced parametric control enabling precise tuning of material properties, size, and morphologies. In this review, the basics of microfluidic material synthesis approaches complemented with recent advances in the flow fabrication of metal oxide, chalcogenide, and perovskite semiconductor particles are discussed. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven materials–space exploration and accelerated formulation optimization using modular microfluidic reactors are outlined. Finally, future directions for the fabrication of semiconducting materials in flow and the implementation of AI with automated microfluidic reactors for accelerated material discovery and development are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, quantum dots (QDs) of various heterostructured compositions and shell thicknesses are used as Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donors and acceptors to optimize QD–QD FRET sensing through materials design. While several reports have highlighted the advantages of using QD–dye, rather than dye–dye, FRET in sensing applications, QD–QD FRET has lagged behind in development as a result of high background signal from direct acceptor excitation. However, in designing sensors for longitudinal studies, QD–dye sensors are limited by the photostability of the fluorescent dye. While fluorescence generally affords higher sensitivity than absorbance-based readouts, the instrumentation needed for detecting fluorescence can be expensive, motivating the development of sensors bright enough to be seen by eye or imaged with cheap consumer electronics. Harnessing the exceptional brightness of QDs, our study focuses on the development of QD–QD FRET pairs where color change is achieved for visual readout and instrument-free sensing. We demonstrate that bulk semiconductor material characteristics can be used to a priori predict and tailor the behavior of QD–QD FRET systems, and our findings show that it is possible to create QD donors that are brighter than their acceptors through concerted compositional and morphological choices in heterostructured QDs. This is significant for developing visual sensors, as we show that the most profound color change occurs when the direct acceptor emission is lower than that of the donor. Finally, the use of an optimal cadmium-free QD–QD FRET pair is presented in a pH sensor that shows a large range of pH-dependent color change with bright, instrument-free readout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electronics and specifically organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices based on organic semiconductor materials enable economically viable large-area flexible applications. This review presents a comprehensive and detailed assessment of different aspects related to OLEDs, focusing on the impact of multilayered architectures on device performance, in particular the impact of different layers and architectures to enhance the output from such devices. Furthermore, characteristic parameters, materials, and fabrication methodologies are reviewed in depth to highlight the major advancements related to OLEDs over the years. Mathematical models are important for predicting the internal operation and characteristics of such devices, thus these are also discussed, focusing on methods to improve the performance parameters of OLEDs. Applications of OLEDs are also discussed, with a primary focus on research related to their improvement and enhancement for use in displays, sensors, and visual light communications. Although OLEDs show great promise for a bright future, several challenges such as the development of blue light-emitting materials, lifetime improvement, and application-specific architectures must be addressed to achieve more dynamic devices for emerging commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]