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Eryngium foetidum L., is locally known as Mexican coriander which is medicinally important and belongs to the family Apiaceae. Industrially and pharmacologically important chemical compounds were reported in the leaf essential oil of this species. In this study leaf essential oil extraction was done by the use of hydro distillation and pharmacological potentials like anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-diabetic studies were also performed as per standard methods. The compound identification was carried out by Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A total of 98.76% percentages of compounds were identified that includes 2-dodecenal (87.85%) as the main compound followed by 2,4,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (4.06%), (E)-tetradec-2-enal (1.66%), diepicedrene-1-oxide (1.62%), dodecanal (1.19%), decanal (0.38%), 1-dodecanal (0.51%), dodecanoic acid (0.6%), 2,4,6-trimethyl- phenol (0.42%) were found as the minor constituent in E. foetidum leaf essential oil. The essential oil exhibited IC50 45.13 µL/mL of DPPH radical scavenging potential while IC50 13.96 µL/mL was in ABTS assay. The anti-diabetic potential of leaf essential oil was also performed using α-amylase inhibitory methodology. Additionally, antidiabetic activity was exhibited by the essential oil with IC50 153.98 µL/mL. Antimicrobial potential was also checked using both four strains of bacteria and fungi respectively and found that it had a comparable potential to the standard drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study was formulated to analyze the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicology study of Chromolaena odorata aerial part essential oil (COEO) grown in North East India. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy was used for chemical composition analysis. The antioxidative potential was tested using DPPH and reducing power assays. Protein denaturation and protease inhibitor assays for anti-inflammatory activity and Allium cepa assay were used to test the genotoxicity of the essential oil. Standard disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory assays (MIC) were employed to test the antimicrobial efficacy of COEO and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay was used for anticholinesterase activity. GC/MS analysis revealed Geijerene (26.34 %), α-Copaene (17.87 %), Caryophyllene (11.14 %), 3-Carene (10.63 %), Cadinene (7.98 %), Cyclohexane, 1-Methylene-4-(1-methylethenyl)-(3.37 %), Elemol (2.89 %), τ-Muurolol (2.77 %), as major components. Standard DPPH, protein denaturation, and protease inhibitor assays revealed (IC50= 15.88 μg/mL, 19.35 μg/mL, and 27.28 μg/mL respectively) strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential of COEO. Allium cepa assay showed negative genotoxicity with (mitotic index) MI=16.38 %, which is close to distilled water MI=19.20 %. While disc diffusion assay (zone of inhibition for B.cereus 16.56 ± 0.002 mm; S. aureus 14.20 ± 0.057 mm; S. cerevisiae 10.67 ± 0.015 mm; A. fumigatus 10.15 ± 0.05 mm) and MIC (B. subtilis, S. aureus 2.50 μL/mL), showed the antimicrobial potential of COEO. Strong AChE inhibitory activity was observed with an IC50 value of 61.98 μg/mL. From all the results obtained it is clear that COEO could be used for future research, development, and in preparation of cost-effective pharmacologically important herbal drugs after proper validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lantana camara Linn., a noxious weed found in most places of the world has many potential aspects and has been used as folk medicines to cure several diseases. It is reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiurolithiatic, wound healing, antifertility and cytotoxic activities. The plant leaf essential oil in the present study was obtained by hydrodistillation method and further analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Twenty-two compounds were detected owing to 88.97 % of the total essential oil percent. Major compounds identified in the L. camara leaf essential oil were β-caryophyllene (24.96 %) and δ-selinene (17.46 %), while compounds with intermediate concentration were β-copaene (09.55 %), bicylogermacrene (6.69 %), β-phellandrene (6.49 %) and δ-cadinene (4.95 %). Few of the other minor compounds such as 3-carene (2.74 %), limonene (2.48 %), α-copaene (1.88 %), β-germacrene (1.88 %) and geranyl formate (1.64 %) were also identified in considerable quantities. Among the total identified compounds, 12.79 % of monoterpenes, 0.98 % of alkylbenzene, 1.64 % of fatty alcohol esters and 73.56 % of sesquiterpenes were found in the leaf essential oil of L. camara. The present investigation revealed the chemical profiling of L. camara leaf essential oil from North East India for the very first time and also highlights their applications as well as a relative analysis of the essential oil composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus limon L. Burmf (commonly known as lemon) is a small thorn bearing tree which belongs to the family Rutaceae cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and mostly cultivated in North Eastern region of India. It bears many medicinal properties and used in the cosmetics industries and pharmaceutical industries. Apart from the plant, extracted peel essential oil of C. limon has many medicinal properties so it can be used in the treatment of different diseases. Essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation and analyzed by using Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A total of forty three compounds were identified of which limonene (55.40 %) and neral (10.39 %) were found as major compound followed by trans-verbenol (6.43 %) and decanal (3.25 %). The other compounds present were ethyl cinnamate (2.21 %), ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (2.21 %), cis-α-bergamotene (1.60 %), geraniol (1.48 %), trans-carveol (1.33 %), nonanal (1.19 %), linalool (1.16 %), α-terpineol (1.07 %), p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (0.90 %), estragole (0.73 %), α-fenchene (0.46 %), perillol (0.46 %), β-curcumene (0.45 %), trans-d-limonene oxide (0.43 %), 1-naphthalenamine (0.42 %), camphor (0.34 %), 3-carene (0.34 %), β-santalene (0.27 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (0.25 %), α-pinene (0.17 %), terpinen-4-ol (0.17 %), 3-terpinolenone (0.17 %), zizaene (0.16 %), germacrene -D (0.16 %), α-bisabolol (0.16 %), β-bisabolol (0.14 %), methyl n-hexadecanoate (0.14 %), citronellal (0.12 %), o-cymene (0.12 %), 1-undecanol (0.11 %) and sabinol (0.11 %) were identified as in minor quantities. Limonene was the major chemical compound in the C. limon peel essential oil which possess many medicinal properties could be used as a pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaempferia parviflora Wall., ex Baker is a perennial plant with numerous medicinal properties. Different light intensity is known to produce variable results in crops. Keeping in view the importance of the plant, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of direct and partial sunlight on K. parviflora essential oil yield, chemical profile as well as biological activities. For direct sunlight conditions K. parviflora were planted in an open field and for partial shade (75% sunlight) under a green polyethylene agro shade net during the year 2020. The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were chemically profiled by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) which revealed linalool as the major compound in both K. parviflora essential oil under shade cultivation (KPEOSH) and K. parviflora essential oil under direct sunlight cultivation (KPEOS) with significantly higher linalool content in KPEOSH (43.35%). The essential oil yield of KPEOSH (0.92% w/w) was found to be higher than KPEOS (0.76% w/w). The essential oils were analyzed for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cholinesterase, tyrosinase, anti-diabetic, and genotoxicity properties. Both the KPEOSH and KPEOS exhibited superior activities than the standards for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, tyrosinase, and antidiabetic properties. However, both the essential oils possessed inferior antibacterial and weak antifungal properties. Considering the genotoxicity assay, both the essential oils were found to be non-toxic. The essential oils can be analyzed for further pharmaceutical applications considering their higher biological activity as compared with standards. The present investigation suggested that partial shade conditions give higher essential oil yield than open field conditions. [Display omitted] • Partially shade grown K. parviflora gives high essential oil than open cultivation. • Linalool is more prominent 43.35% in shade cultivated K. parviflora. • Sunlight increased the camphene content of essential oil by 2.7%. • Partially shade grown K. parviflora essential oil showed better bioactivities. • Both the essential oil found to be non genotoxic at 1 ppm concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]