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The most pressing problem in adult education seems to be resource utilization; alternative solutions to problems exist but are not disseminated, and the most urgent requests are for the synthesizing of available knowledge to meet local program needs. A cooperative extension adoption of an innovation model, specifically the dissemination of Adult Basic Education improved practices, is remarkably effective in terms of adoption and good practice. The Appalachian Adult Education Center's model involves four elements: Awareness, Interest, Trial, and Adoption. The generation of knowledge and even training of practitioners are not by themselves sufficient to cause change; the use of findings is crucial. A Center for Resource Utilization in Adult Education (CRU) should be Federally funded, centrally located, and in addition to acquisition and dissemination of printed materials (through combination with existing services) and preparation of audio-visual presentations, the CRU should be responsible for making personal contacts to ensure adoption of improved practices. (AJ)

Ideas are presented for the revision of San Francisco's cable franchise. The recommendations in the report are based upon national research of library and urban use of cable communications and are designed to help the city's present and future cable franchises to comply with the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission by March 31, 1977. Part I contains a checklist of franchise revision factors, including matters such as: length of franchise, construction, access channels, cable regulatory agency, franchise fees, rates for service, the continuance and discontinuance of service, technical standards, employment requirements and consumer complaints. Part II presents a San Francisco Cable Communications Master Plan which covers: community involvement, construction considerations and recommendations, video production centers, leased access and public access councils. (PB)

There is statistical evidence to show that the expansion of a nation's economy is paralleled by the expansion of its media. Almost 70 per cent of the world's population, spread over 100 countries, does not have basic mass information facilities. These areas are always underdeveloped and lack facilities for formal education. It is a principle of the United Nations that freedom of information is a basic human right, and that is the reason for this report. It describes past efforts, both by special agencies and by United Nations organs, to develop information media, and sketches the problems of developing information media in society, focusing on the problems as they exist in South East Asia, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and other areas. It offers recommendations, first in general terms, and then according to media: news agencies, press, radio, film, and television. The report concludes with a discussion about financing a development program. References are provided. (Author/GO)

Consideration of the facilities and the social implications of cable television will be undertaken by a Commission on Cable Communications. The Commission will consider issues of content, form, control, and transition. It will be concerned with the effect of cable television service on mass audiences, on society, on public television, and on the homes that cannot be served by cable. The task before the Commission may be beyond its capacity to complete, but it may be responsbile for a few steps taken in the right direction. (MF)

IN THIS REPORT OF AN AUSTRALIAN TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH APPLICABLE TO PROFESSIONAL EXTENSION WORK, INCLUDING FARMER CONTACTS AND SUCH SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES AS LIAISON WORK AND COURSE WORK IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. THE FIRST SECTION DESCRIBES SERVICES IN EACH STATE AND IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, NEW GUINEA, AND NEW ZEALAND. THE NEXT THREE SECTIONS COVER COMPARTIVE EXTENSION IN AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, AND THE UNITED STATES, SPECIAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN PASTORAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND THE WORK AND PROBLEMS OF DISTRICT ADVISORS. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS AND PRIVATE ADVISORY SERVICES (INCLUDING FARM MANAGEMENT CLUBS) IN FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION ARE DOCUMENTED IN THE FIFTH SECTION. OTHER SECTIONS DEAL WITH PROGRAM PLANNING, GROUP METHODS AND DEMONSTRATIONS, TELEVISION AND OTHER MASS MEDIA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENSION AND REGULATORY SERVICES AND RESEARCH EXTENSION LIAISON, RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATIONS, ADULT LEARNING, DECISION MAKING, AND PROGRAM EVALUATION, ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING (HIGHER EDUCATION, INSERVICE TRAINING, INTERNATIONAL AID), AND POSTCONFERENCE REPORTS BY OVERSEAS VISITORS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE FOUR FIGURES, 35 TABLES, AND NUMEROUS REFERENCES. (LY)

THE TECHNOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IS SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED THAT CONCERNED AGENCIES, SUCH AS UNESCO, SHOULD BEGIN TO PLAN FOR THEIR USE IN EXCHANGE OF DATA, NEWS TRANSMISSION, CULTURAL EXCHANGE, AND EDUCATION. GROUNDWORK IN TECHNOLOGY, IN THE DESIGN OF A SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, IN VALUE JUDGMENTS, IN AGREEMENTS OF COOPERATION AND CONDUCT, AND IN THE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE DECISIONS TO BE MADE SHOULD PRECEDE AND EXPEDITE THE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE LINKS. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS B.2402 FROM NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS OR FROM THE DIVISION OF FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION, UNESCO, PLACE DE FONTENOY, PARIS-7E, FRANCE, FOR $1.00. (MF)

TELECLUBS, BECAUSE OF THE NOVELTY OF TELEVISION, WERE SO POPULAR THAT OVERCROWDING, AS WELL AS UNEVEN ATTENDANCE BY CLUB MEMBERS, AFFECTED THE GOAL OF EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TELECASTS ON CITIZENSHIP. GREATER SUCCESS WAS REALIZED IN BRINGING ABOUT SHIFTS IN INFORMATION THAN IN ATTITUDES, PERHAPS, BECAUSE THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP STARTED AT A HIGHER LEVEL OF ATTITUDE THAN INFORMATION. THE MEMBERS WERE MOSTLY LOWER MIDDLE CLASS AND MALE, WITH A HIGH REPRESENTATION OF PROFESSIONALS. A BASELINE SURVEY AND A TERMINAL SURVEY OF 20 CLUBS AND THEIR 418 MEMBERS MEASURED THE IMPACT OF 20 SPECIAL TELECASTS. A SUPPLEMENTARY GROUP PARTICIPATION ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE WAS GIVEN TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF FRIENDS THE MEMBERS HAD IN THE TELECLUBS ON THEIR ATTENDANCE, PARTICIPATION, AND RESPONSE. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS B.1922 FROM NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS OF FROM THE DIVISION OF FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION, UNESCO, PLACE DE FONTENOY, PARIS-7E, FRANCE, FOR $0.50. (MF)

ATTITUDE CHANGES AMONG 500 MOSTLY ILLITERATE WOMEN IN AN AFRICAN CITY BROUGHT ABOUT IN 1965 BY EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION CLUB MEETINGS INDICATE FUTURE SUCCESS FOR AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA IN EASING THE TRANSITION FROM RURAL TO URBAN LIFE AND IN EFFECTING A NATIVE- CONTROLLED CHANGEOVER FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN NATIONAL LIFE. FAMILY HEALTH AND HYGIENE WERE TAUGHT IN SEMIWEEKLY BROADCASTS BY SENGALESE PERSONNEL IN THE VERNACULAR TONGUE OF WOLOF. SUCCESS WAS GREATEST WHERE MOTIVATION WAS HIGH, WHERE THERE WAS NO CONFLICT WITH CUSTOM, WHERE THE PRESENTATION WAS ADEQUATE, AND WITH THE YOUNGER WOMEN. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS B.2264 FROM NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS OR FROM THE DIVISION OF FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION, UNESCO, PLACE DE FONTENOY, PARIS-7E, FOR $1.00. (MF)

THIS REPORT DEFINES AND ANALYZES POTENTIAL ASPECTS OF WORLDWIDE COMMUNICATION BY SATELLITE, LISTS TECHNICAL PROBLEMS, AND SUGGESTS USES OF SPACE COMMUNICATION TO PROMOTE EDUCATION, CULTURAL EXCHANGE, AND INFORMATION FLOW. IT IS AVAILABLE FOR $0.50 FROM NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS, OR FROM UNESCO, PLACE DE FONTENDOY, PARIS-7E, FRANCE. (LH)

The first of these papers contains (1) a presentation of the purposes and values of teaching a critical appraisal of the mass media; (2) a brief survey of the scope and content of present educational efforts in mass media in Britain, the United States, Canada, and Australia; (3) a blueprint for future development of programs for students and teachers in Australia; and (4) a brief discussion of methods of film teaching in senior classes. The second paper emphasizes the needs and suggests avenues for more research on the aesthetic attributes and effects of mass media. A sample questionnaire which tests students' general, detailed, critical and creative responses to film is provided. (MF)

This paper argues that informal, intuitive, and unsystematic methods of operation are no longer adequate for the practitioners of mass communication. It presents a brief summary of the historical development of mass communication, followed by a general summary of mass communication research, relating mass communication to interpersonal communication and analyzing the process of information flow. Among the topics considered are: the nature of the communicator, the media and their audiences, and the effects and effectiveness of mass communication. Throughout, the paper emphasizes the need for more interaction between communication research and practice in order that theories and principles can be evaluated in the field. (RN)

A staff paper to the President's Task Force on Communications Policy examines the future of broadcast television. The central question in formulating broadcast policy is how to mesh traditional policies with new technology to exploit fully the potential value of television. Two areas are stressed--the basic structure of TV broadcasting in the light of the objectives of broadcast policy, and the role of the Executive Branch in broadcasting. The paper concludes that a multichannel system is most desirable to promote increased variety in TV, and that a regulated, private cable television network is the best way to obtain such variety. Restraining cable expansion until the prospects for UHF growth become more certain is likely to damage later cable development. Adequate over-the-air transmission should be maintained and other broadcast forms, including satellite and Pay-TV should be investigated. To enhance the social use of TV, the various agencies of the Executive Branch should more actively represent the public interest before the FCC, developing more educational and social broadcasting. (BB)

A staff paper submitted to the President's Task Force on Communications Policy recommends that public policy ensure an integrated structure in the telecommunications industry, while fostering limited competition to keep the system responsive to new technology and to consumer demands. The present system of regulated monopoly for companies supplying basic services should be continued, but more liberal rules of entry into the telecommunications market should be devised to encourage diversified new services as they become technologically feasible. Along with a history of the telecommunications industry and a description of its present structure and regulation, specific issues confronting the industry are discussed--including the problems of long-haul transmission, network interconnections, and computer telecommunications. Rate structure revision is recommended and Western Union's merging with the Post Office suggested. Special studies appear as appendices to the report. (BB)

A staff paper to the President's Task Force on Communications Policy reviews the role played by the Federal Government in regulating the telecommunications industries and recommends broader federal jurisdiction. The history of federal action in telecommunications has been one of ad hoc responses to discrete problems, leading to an inefficient, patchwork regulatory structure insufficient for the growing complexities of the industry. Government powers are inadequate for the development of a national policy covering important areas such as administration of the radio spectrum, research and development, provision of necessary analytic support to common carrier regulation, and even national procurement of services and equipment by the Federal Government itself. New executive capability should include long-range planning, policy formation and coordination, and mission-support, so as to integrate the various governmental roles. (BB)

A staff paper to the President's Task Force on Communications Policy examines the feasibility of a domestic communications satellite system. Although, with expected technological advancement, satellites may play a significant role in domestic transmission and are economically feasible right now, a number of remaining questions make the establishment of a full-scale system premature at this time. These questions involve the nature of the optimal system for changing communications needs, whether general purpose or specialized, and the best use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Consequently, a pilot project should be initiated to develop necessary technical data on different system types, spectrum interference, the feasibility of a multiple-beam satellite, and other subjects. Comsat should be given primary responsibility with other domestic carriers allowed to participate. Data generated by the pilot project will allow further commitments on the structure of a mature domestic satellite system. Appendices are included. (BB)