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Background: The postpartum period is a particularly relevant area when caring for the woman/couple and family. Thus, the mothers' concerns during the transition to parenthood can have a differential impact on the adaptation to the new parental role. Objective: To identify the main maternal concerns in the postpartum period. Methodology: Integrative review in the CINAHL (Plus with Full Text), MEDLINE (with Full Text), MedicLatina (tm), Cochrane (Plus Collection), and Nursing & Allied Health Collection (tm) databases on the EBSCOhost platform. Seventeen studies were selected which had been published between 1990 and 2016 in Portuguese and English. Results: Six dimensions were identified which reflect maternal concerns during the postpartum period: maternal concerns and infant care; maternal concerns and functional recovery; maternal concerns and transition to parenthood; maternal concerns and marital relationship; maternal concerns and family/social support; and maternal concerns and support from health professionals. Conclusion: The review synthesizes the evidence on maternal concerns which may lead to the development of strategies for increasing maternal competence during the transition to parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]