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Marmota caudata (Geoffroy, 1844). In Jacquemont, Voy. dans l'lnde, 4, Zool., p. 66. TYPE LOCALITY: "Hombur [Ghombur] area, upper reaches of the Indus in Kashmir [India]" (Ognev, 1963a:284). DISTRIBUTION: W Tien Shan through the Pamirs (Kirgizistan, Tadzhikistan) to Hindu Kush (Afghanistan), Pakistan, Kashmir (India), and mtns of extreme W Xinjiang and Xizang (China). STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India). SYNONYMS: aurea (Blanford, 1875); dichrous (Anderson, 1875); flavina (Thomas, 1909); littledalei (Thomas, 1909); stirlingi Thomas, 1916. COMMENTS: Includes dichrous (Corbet, 1978c:82); but also see Gromov et al. (1965:440) who listed it as a distinct species., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 431-432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Ognev, S. I. 1963 a. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia) [A translation of S. I. Ognev, 1947, Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii)]. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 662.","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)."]}

Marmota caligata (Eschscholtz, 1829). Zool. Atlas, Part 2, p. 1, pl. 6. TYPE LOCALITY: Not specified (?). Restricted by Allen (1877:927) to near Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA. DISTRIBUTION: C Alaska (USA), Yukon and Northwest Territories (Canada) south to W and NE Washington, C Idaho, and W Montana (USA). SYNONYMS: cascadensis A. Howell, 1914; nivaria A. Howell, 1914; okanagana (King, 1836); oxytona Hollister, 1914; raceyi Anderson, 1932; sheldoni A. Howell, 1914; sibila Hollister, 1912; vigilis Heller, 1909., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Howell, A. H. 1914. Revision of the American harvest mice (genus Reithrodontomys). North American Fauna, 36: 1 - 97.","Hollister, N. 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 47: 427 - 489.","Hollister, N. 1912. The names of the Rocky Mountain goat. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25: 185 - 186.","Heller, E. 1909. Two new rodents from British East Africa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 52: 471 - 472."]}

Marmota menzbieri (Kashkarov, 1925). Trans. Turk. Sci. Soc., 2:47. TYPE LOCALITY: "Chigyr-Tash, in the headwaters of the Ugam River, Talass Ala Tau" [Yuzhno-Kazakhstansk. Obi., Kazakhstan]. DISTRIBUTION: W Tien Shan Mtns, in S Kazakhstan and NW Kirgizia. STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable. SYNONYMS: zachidovi Petrov, 1963. COMMENTS: Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:514) as a probable synonym of marmota; but see Corbet (1978c:81)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp."]}

Marmota baibacina Kastschenko, 1899. Rezul't. Altaisk. Zool. Exp. 1898, p. 62. TYPE LOCALITY: "...Multa River, near Nizhne-Uimon in the Altai Mountains" [Altaisk. Krai, Russia] (Ognev, 1963a: 252). Alternatively, Aktol' River near Cherga, Gorno-Altaisk. A.O. (Kuznetsov, in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:514). DISTRIBUTION: Altai Mtns, SW Siberia (Russia), SE Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan; Mongolia; Xinjiang (China). Introduced into Caucasus Mtns (Dagestan, Russia; Gromov et al., 1965:360). SYNONYMS: aphanasievi Kuznetsov, 1965; centralis (Thomas, 1909); kastschenkoi Stroganov and Yudin, 1956; lewisi (Audubon and Bachman, 1854); ognevi Scalon, 1950. COMMENTS: Placed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:514) in marmota, and by Corbet (1978c:81) in bobak; Kapitonov (1966) analyzed purported hybridization between baibacina and bobak, while Nikol'skii (1974) and Nikol'skii et al. (1983) found speciesspecific vocalizations. Most Russian authors retain both as distinct species (Gromov et al., 1965:337-387; Zimina, 1978; Zholnerovskaya et al., 1990) and include centralis in this species. Kapitonov (1966) indicated that the population called aphanasievi is included in this species; but also see Corbet (1978c:81). Includes lewisi, a nomen oblitum (Hoffmann, 1977); baibacina (Brandt, 1843) is a nomen nudum. See also bobak, sibirica., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 430-431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Ognev, S. I. 1963 a. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia) [A translation of S. I. Ognev, 1947, Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii)]. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 5: 1 - 662.","Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.","Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian).","Kuznetsov, B. A. 1965. Ordo Rodentia. Pp. 236 - 346, in Opredelitel' mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Guide to the mammals of the USSR] (Bobrinskii, N. A., Kuznetsov, B. A. and A. P. Kuzyakin, eds.). Second edition. Proveshchenie, Moscow, 382 pp. (in Russian).","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Kapitonov, V. I. 1966. Rasprostranenie surkov v Tsentral'nom Kazakhstane i perspektivy ikh promysla [Distribution of marmots in Central Kazakhstan and perspectives on their utilization]. Trudy Zoologicheskovo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk, Kazakh SSR, 26: 94 - 134 (in Russian).","Nikol'skii, A. A. 1974. Geograficheskaya izmenchivost' ritmicheskoi organizatsii zvukovo signala surkov gruppy bobac (Rodentia, Sciuridae) [Geographic variation in rhythmic organization of sound signal in marmots of the bobac group ...]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 53: 436 - 444 (in Russian).","Nikol'skii, A. A., I. Yu. Yanina, M. V. Rutovskaya, and N. A. Formozov. 1983. Izmenchivost' zvukovovo signala stepnovo i serovo surkov (Marmota bobac, M. baibacina; Sciuridae, Rodentia) v zone vtorichnovo kontakta [Variation in sound signal of steppe and gray marmots ... in a zone of secondary contact]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62: 1258 - 1266 (in Russian).","Zimina, R. P. (ed.). 1978. Surki. Rasprostranenie i ekologiya [Marmots. distribution and ecology]. Nauka, Moscow, 222 pp. (in Russian).","Zholnerovskaya, E. I., D. I. Bibikov, and V. I. Ermolaev. 1990. Immunogeneticheskii analiz sistematicheskikh vzaimootnoshenii surkov [Immunogenetic analysis of systematic relationships of marmots]. Byulleten' Moskovskovo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii, 195: 15 - 24 (in Russian).","Hoffmann, R. S. 1977. The identity of Lewis' marmot, Arctomys lewisii. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90: 291 - 301."]}

Marmota vancouverensis Swarth, 1911. Univ. California Pubi. Zool., 7:201. TYPE LOCALITY: "Mt. Douglas (altitude 4,200 feet), twenty miles south of Alberni, Vancouver Island, British Columbia " [Canada]. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Vancouver Isl (British Columbia, Canada). STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered. COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of marmota by Rausch (1953). Reviewed by Hoffmann et al. (1979) who confirmed its specific status, and by Nagorsen (1987, Mammalian Species, 270)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 433, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Rausch, R. L. 1953. On the status of some Arctic mammals. Arctic (Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America), 6: 91 - 148.","Hoffmann, R. S., J. W. Koeppl, and C. F. Nadler. 1979. The relationships of the amphiberingian marmots (Mammalia: Sciuridae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 83: 1 - 56.","Nagorsen, D. W. 1987. Marmota vancouverensis. Mammalian Species, 270: 1 - 5."]}

Marmota broweri Hall and Gilmore, 1934. Canadian Field Nat., 48:57. TYPE LOCALITY: USA, "Point Lay, Arctic Coast of Alaska " Restricted by Rausch (1953:117) to head of Kukpowruk River, Alaska. DISTRIBUTION: Brooks Range of N Alaska (USA) from near coast of Chukchi Sea to Alaska-Yukon border; perhaps also N Yukon (Canada). COMMENTS: Regarded as a synonym of caligata (Hall, 1981) but Rausch and Rausch (1965, 1971) and Hoffmann et al. (1979) considered broweri a distinct species., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Rausch, R. L. 1953. On the status of some Arctic mammals. Arctic (Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America), 6: 91 - 148.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Rausch, R. L., and V. R. Rausch. 1965. Cytogenetic evidence for the specific distinction of an Alaskan marmot, Marmota broweri Hall and Gilmore (Mammalia: Sciuridae). Chromosoma (Berlin), 16: 618 - 623.","Rausch, R. L., and V. R. Rausch. 1971. The somatic chromosomes of some North American marmots. Mammalia, 35: 85 - 101.","Hoffmann, R. S., J. W. Koeppl, and C. F. Nadler. 1979. The relationships of the amphiberingian marmots (Mammalia: Sciuridae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 83: 1 - 56."]}

Marmota olympus (Merriam, 1898). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:352. TYPE LOCALITY: "From Timberline at head of Soleduc River, Olympic Mountains, [Olympic Nat. Park] Washington [USA]." DISTRIBUTION: Olympic Mtns of W Washington (USA). COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of marmota (Rausch, 1953). Reviewed by Hoffmann et al. (1979) who confirmed its specific status., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 419-465 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 432, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353130, {"references":["Rausch, R. L. 1953. On the status of some Arctic mammals. Arctic (Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America), 6: 91 - 148.","Hoffmann, R. S., J. W. Koeppl, and C. F. Nadler. 1979. The relationships of the amphiberingian marmots (Mammalia: Sciuridae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 83: 1 - 56."]}