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The reconstruction of bony defects in the alveolar crest poses challenges in dental practice. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures utilize barriers to promote bone regeneration and prevent epithelial growth. This study focuses on evaluating the antibacterial properties of marine algae-polylactic acid (PLA) composite membranes compared to commercially available collagen membranes. Marine algae (Corallina elongata, Galaxaura oblongata, Cystoseira compressa, Saragassum vulgare, and Stypopodium schimperi) were processed into powders and blended with PLA to fabricate composite membranes. Cytocompatibility assays using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (n = 3) were performed to evaluate biocompatibility. Antibacterial effects were assessed through colony-forming units (CFU) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bacterial colonization on the membranes. The cytocompatibility assays demonstrated suitable biocompatibility of all marine algae-PLA composite membranes with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Antibacterial assessment revealed that Sargassum vulgare-PLA membranes exhibited the highest resistance to bacterial colonization, followed by Galaxaura oblongata-PLA and Cystoseira compressa-PLA membranes. SEM analysis confirmed these findings and revealed smooth surface textures for the marine algae-PLA membranes compared to the fibrous and porous structures of collagen membranes. Marine algae-PLA composite membranes show promising antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility for guided bone and tissue regeneration applications. Sargassum vulgare-PLA membranes demonstrated the highest resistance against bacterial colonization. These findings suggest that marine algae-PLA composite membranes could serve as effective biomaterials for infection control and tissue regeneration. Further in vivo validation and investigation of biodegradation properties are necessary to explore their clinical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current study, proximate compositions (ash, lipid and protein) of seven Red macroalgae (Laurencia obtusa, Liagora viscida, Liagora ceranoides, Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Carradoriella elongata, Halopithys incurva and Tricleocarpa fragilis) collected from Turkey (Çanakkale and Antalya) were determined. The differences observed between biochemical compositions such as ash, lipid and protein of seven red macroalgae species were statistically significant (p<0.05). The lowest and highest ash, lipid and protein values of seven red macroalgae were 38.86±0.15% (Gracilaria bursa-pastoris)- 85.61±0.22% (Tricleocarpa fragilis), 0.23±0.02% (Tricleocarpa fragilis)- 1.87±0.08% (Carradoriella elongata), 2.79±0.02% (Liagora ceranoides)- 9.72±0.35% (Halopithys incurva), respectively. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (38.86±0.15%), Carradoriella elongata (42.89±0.06%) and Halopithys incurva (42.28±0.44%) were similar each other (p>0.05). The lipid (Liagora viscida (0.44±0.07%), Liagora ceranoides (0.42±0.07%), Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (0.43±0.04%)) and protein (Tricleocarpa fragilis (2.93±0.39%), Liagora ceranoides (2.79±0.02%)) amounts of red macroalgae tested in study were similar each other (p>0.05) but the different from other red macroalgae (p<0.05). In conclusion, the information of the proximate compositions of seven red macroalgae are important for the evaluation of potential sources for commercial and human consumption. In addition, proximate compositions of tested macroalgae could make important contributions to feed formulations and functional foods in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable collagen-based materials have been preferred as scaffolds and grafts for diverse clinical applications in density and orthopedy. Besides the advantages of using such bio-originated materials, the use of collagen matrices increases the risk of infection transmission through the cells or the tissues of the graft/scaffold. In addition, such collagen-based solutions are not counted as economically feasible approaches due to their high production cost. In recent years, incorporation of marine algae in synthetic polymers has been considered as an alternative method for preparation grafts/scaffolds since they represent abundant and cheap source of potential biopolymers. Current work aims to propose a novel composite patch prepared by blending Sargassum vulgare powders (SVP) to polylactide (PLA) as an alternative to the porcine-derived membranes. SVP-PLA composite patches were produced by using a modified solvent casting method. Following detailed material characterization to assess the cytocompatibility, human osteoblasts (HOBs) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) were seeded on neat PLA and SVP-PLA patches. MTT and BrdU assays indicated a greater cytocompatibility and higher proliferation for HOBs cultured on SVP-PLA composite than for those cultured on neat PLA. SaOS-2 cells cultured on SVP-PLA exhibited a significant decrease in cell proliferation. The composite patch described herein exhibits an antiproliferative effect against SaOS-2 cells without impairing HOBs' adhesion and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to describe the fabrication of a composite patch by incorporating marine algae powders (MAPs) into poly-lactic acid (PLA) for bone tissue engineering. The prepared composite patch was functionalized with the co-polymer, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (p(HEMA-co-EGDMA)) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to improve its wettability and overall biocompatibility. The iCVD functionalized MAP–PLA composite patch showed superior cell interaction of human osteoblasts. Following the surface functionalization by p(HEMA-co-EGDMA) via the iCVD technique, a highly hydrophilic patch was achieved without tailoring any morphological and structural properties. Moreover, the iCVD modified composite patch exhibited ideal cell adhesion for human osteoblasts, thus making the proposed patch suitable for potential biomedical applications including bone tissue engineering, especially in the fields of dentistry and orthopedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]