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The temperature control of uncooled heating processes presents challenges due to a substantial lag and the absence of active cooling mechanisms, which can lead to overshoot and oscillations. To address these issues, we propose an anti-disturbance identification method based on a tracking differentiator (TD) and an input-constrained temperature predictive control (ICTPC) strategy. Our approach specifically considers the impact of unknown disturbances on model identification within a second-order heating process. By employing a TD to differentiate the input and output signals, we effectively minimize the identification error caused by low-frequency disturbances, yielding a robust anti-disturbance identification technique. Following this, we establish input constraints to limit the amplitude and variation of the control input, ensuring a more controlled and predictable system response. Using the identified model, an ICTPC algorithm is designed to achieve stable temperature control in uncooled heating processes. Experimental results from a typical uncooled heating system demonstrate that our method not only significantly reduces overshoot but also effectively mitigates temperature fluctuations, leading to enhanced control performance and system stability. This study provides a practical solution for temperature control in systems without cooling capabilities, offering substantial improvements in the efficiency and quality of industrial production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process integration and electrification concept has significant potential to support the industrial transition to low- and net-zero-carbon process heating. This increasingly essential concept requires an expanded set of process analysis tools to fully comprehend the interplay of heat recovery and process electrification (e.g., heat pumping). In this paper, new Exergy Pinch Analysis tools and methods are proposed that can set lower bound work targets by acutely balancing process heat recovery and heat pumping. As part of the analysis, net energy and exergy load curves enable visualization of energy and exergy surpluses and deficits. As extensions to the grand composite curve in conventional Pinch Analysis, these curves enable examination of different pocket-cutting strategies, revealing their distinct impacts on heat, exergy, and work targets. Demonstrated via case studies on a spray dryer and an evaporator, the exergy analysis targets net shaft-work correctly. In the evaporator case study, the analysis points to the heat recovery pockets playing an essential role in reducing the work target by 25.7%. The findings offer substantial potential for improved industrial energy management, providing a robust framework for engineers to enhance industrial process and energy sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy in the industrial sector for process heating applications in the range of 50 to 250°C consumes about 35% of the global fossil fuel. Cascaded solar thermal systems are promising solutions to meet clean and uninterrupted thermal energy supply for industrial process heating. Well-engineered cascaded arrangement of solar thermal collector (STC) and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector can attain an average solar fraction of more than 50%. In the present research, a solar-assisted process heating system, wherein a STC integrated in series with PVT, has been designed to produce low- to medium-temperature heat at higher solar fractions. Herein, thermal performance and economic viability of this novel system have been investigated and analyzed methodically. In the present research, a comprehensive TRNSYS simulation model is developed and validated experimentally. Results show that PVT integrated with heat pipe evacuated tube collector (PVT-HPETC) and PVT integrated with flat plate collector (PVT-FPC) system can generate thermal energy as high as 1625 and 1420 W with a thermal efficiency of 81 and 77% and exergy efficiency of 13.22 and 12.72%. Levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for PVT-HPETC at process heat temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C is 0.214, 0.208, and 0.201 MYR/kWh, respectively. It is worth to note that LCOH is less than the existing cost of heat generation which proves that these systems are economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of preparation technology, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) has become one of the effective ways to manufacture functionally graded materials due to its unique layer-by-layer stacking technology. However, the repeated and repeated rapid heating and cooling processes in the manufacturing process will generate large residual stress inside the structure, resulting in the destruction of the structure. In this paper, based on a new finite element method called progressive activation element (PAE), a thermo-mechanical coupling model for simulating the process of LAM is established, and the influence of laser power and composition ratio of transition layers on the residual stress of the overall structure is discussed. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the laser power and the residual stress. The PAE method is compared with the traditional "Model Change" method, and it is found that the PAE method has advantages in computational efficiency, especially when calculating the residual stress of functionally graded materials; the efficiency can be improved by about 1650%. When the TC4/Inconel718 functionally graded material is prepared experimentally, the optimal composition ratio of the transition layers is 8:2. This paper provides reference for the understanding and reasonable suppression of residual stress of functionally graded materials in LAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the key equipment of delayed coking unit, the coking chamber generally uses the cycle heating and cooling process to produce products. Due to the large temperature rise and fall process of the cycle, the coke chamber runs under harsh thermal conditions for a long time, and the thermal stress generated by temperature fluctuation is one of the main reasons for the failure of the coke chamber structure. However, the working state of coking chamber is complex, and the traditional numerical method cannot realize timely monitoring, so it is of great practical significance to study the new method to realize timely monitoring. In this paper, POD-BP reduced order models under the second and third thermal boundary conditions are established by studying the coke chamber in the production process. The models are applied to the inversion of the spatial heat flux distribution and the calculation of the temperature field of the coke chamber, which greatly improves the calculation speed of the inversion. It has been proved that the proposed method has the advantages of good real-time performance, high precision, strong anti-interference ability and strong operability, which provides a detection method for the real-time reconstruction of temperature field and production state of coke chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the ultra-fast heating process of Cu-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles from an atomic-scale perspective, which is essential for laser manufacturing processes, such as laser cladding and selective laser melting. The behavior of high surface ratio nanoparticles during these processes is strongly influenced by their properties and the heating process, which is governed by atomic dynamics. Previous studies have mainly focused on the combination process in pure metallic nanoparticles under slow or isothermal heating, but this work demonstrates that the ultra-fast atomic dynamic process between bimetallic nanoparticles differs significantly. Specifically, in Cu-Pd nanoparticles, the combination process is primarily dependent on the surface atomic motion of the lower melting point particles rather than plastic deformation in the grain boundary between particles. Moreover, the ultra-fast heating process is size-dependent. For small nanoparticles, the atomic kinetics exhibit two different mechanisms depending on temperature: Low-temperature jointing is controlled by localized atomic rearrangement, while high-temperature coalition is governed by the atomic flow of surface atomic melting in the low-temperature melting particle. The combination mechanism is the same for large particles as it is for small particles at high temperatures. The findings of this study provide important insights into the behavior of bimetallic nanoparticles during ultra-fast heating and can inform the development of coat and lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) or parabolic trough collectors have caught the interest of scientists and renewable energy enthusiasts due to their wide range of operating temperatures between 100 and 700 °C and their potential for power production as well as industrial process heating. More PTSCs have been constructed than all other concentrated sun-producing apparatuses put together. One of the most important functional components of the PTSC is the space for heat collection, also known as the absorber tube and transporting fluids. To increase its thermal potential, numerous investigations on the fluids in the absorber tube flow have been conducted. Better fluid thermo-physical properties are required to improve heat transfer and the system's overall efficiency. Examining different heat transfer fluids (HTF) that have been used for PTSC absorber tube/receiver tube is the goal of the current review. The usage of novel HTFs like nanofluids is also investigated, along with conventional fluids like thermic fluid and water. Review of the performance of the PTSC with various fluids using experiments and numerical methods are presented.. There are many difficulties with once-through PTSCs since two-phase flow circumstances make them worse and can occasionally cause tube bending. Summarized comparisons of several studies looking at the stability, manufacturing methods, and effects of hybrid nanofluids on PTSC thermal properties are summarized. For HTF inside the absorber tube, hybrid nanofluids and nanofluids may be used to enhance the thermal and optical characteristics of PTSC. It also demonstrates that metal oxide hybrid nanofluids are discovered to be more successful and efficient in enhancing thermal conductivity causing heat transfer augmentation than oxide nanofluids. This research, in our opinion, will encourage scientists and manufacturers to choose appropriate working fluids for PTSC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the application of machine learning algorithms for supporting complex product manufacturing quality through a focus on quality assurance and control. We aim to take advantage of ML technics to solve one of the complex manufacturing problems of the tempered glass manufacturing industry as a first attempt to automate product quality prediction and optimization in this industrial field as an alternative to destructive testing methodologies. The choice of this application field was motivated by the lack of a robust engineering technique to assess the production quality in real time; this arises the need of using advanced smart manufacturing solution as AI to save the extremely high cost of destructive tests. As methodology, this paper investigates the performance of machine learning techniques including Ridge Regression, Linear Regression, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and Lasso Regression, for predicting the product thermal treatment quality within the selected type of industry. In the first part, we applied the selected machine learning models to a dataset collected manually and made up of the more relevant process parameters of the heating and the quenching process. Evaluating the results of the applied models, based on several performance indicators such as mean absolute error, mean squared error, and r-squared, declared that Ridge Regression was the most accurate model with a mean error of 14.33 which is significantly acceptable in a business point of view and not reachable by any human level experience of prediction. The second part consists of developing a digitalized device connected to the manufacturing process to provide predictions in real time. This device operates as an error-proofing system that sends a reverse signal to the machine in case the prediction shows a non-compliant quality of the current processed product. This study can be expanded to predict the optimal process parameters to use when the predicted values do not meet the desired quality and can advantageously replace the trial-and-error approach that is generally adopted for defining those parameters. The contribution of our work relies on the introduction of a clear methodology (from idea to industrialization) for the design and deployment of an industrial-grade predictive solution within a new field which is the glass transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process heating is the activity with the most energy consumption in the industrial sector. Solar heating (SH) systems are a promising alternative to provide renewable thermal energy to industrial processes. However, factors such as high investment costs and area limitations in industrial facilities hinder their utilization; therefore, hybrid systems that combine two different solar thermal or photovoltaic technologies where each technology operates under conditions that allow a higher overall performance than conventional configurations have been proposed. In this review, we discuss the limitations of conventional SH systems and the potential of hybrid configurations to overcome them. First, the current literature about conventional and hybrid systems is presented. Then, the application of common performance indicators to evaluate hybrid configurations is analyzed. Finally, the limitation, advantages, and potential applications of conventional and hybrid systems are discussed. This work shows that conventional systems are the most promising alternatives in low and high-temperature industrial applications. At the same time, in medium and processes, hybrid configurations have great potential to increase the performance of SH systems and help to boost their adoption in the industrial sector. There are few studies about hybrid systems in industrial applications, and further research is required to determine their potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional gamma-type Stirling engines, there are two cylinders. One of them is used for compression and expansion of working fluid while the other is performing the heating and cooling processes of the working fluid at constant volume. Due to the fact that in conventional gamma-type engines the hot and cold volumes take part in the same cylinder, a significant amount of heat is lost via the conduction through the wall of the displacer cylinder. Apart from this, the manufacturing process of the displacer is a profoundly difficult task. In order to avoid these problems, recently a novel engine configuration with three cylinders has been proposed. In this engine, one of the three cylinders functions as hot volume, the other one functions as cold volume and the third one functions as a power cylinder. Since the thermodynamic processes of these engines are similar to that of the conventional gamma-type engine, this engine is named as three-cylinder gamma-type engine. In this engine, all of the three cylinders are associated with conventional pistons. In this study, the nodal thermodynamic analyses of the conventional gamma type engine, and the three-cylinder gamma type engine were conducted and compared from the performance point of view. The cyclic works and thermal efficiencies of engines are seen to be very close to each other. At high speeds and at high pressures of the working fluid, the conventional gamma type engine was found to be a bit advantageous, but, at high compression ratios, the three-cylinder gamma type engine was found to be slightly better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casting is one of the preferred additive manufacturing techniques which controls the formation of phases and their morphological size during processing of the material. The properties of material like hardness and wear resistance depends upon the microstructure, amount and size of the hard phases present in the alloy. Recently, a new technique called microwave-assisted casting has been introduced. In this casting technique, microwave energy is utilized to manufacture a casting. For this a microwave furnace is required. The process of heating, melting the charge, pouring, solidification and cooling of the casting takes place inside the microwave furnace. In the present work, microwave-assisted casting technique is used for producing castings of ASTM B-23 Tin-based Babbitt alloy. The major focus of the study was to investigate the effect of microwave casting on the wear behaviour of the Babbitt alloy. Accordingly, cast specimens were also produced by conventional casting technique. Both the cast specimens were compared for wear behaviour. The microstructure analysis of the cast specimens of Babbitt alloy was done to study the phases and their distribution. The microstructure indicated the presence of three constituent phases, the solid solution of antimony (Sb) and copper in tin (Sn) is the basic α-phase; the β-phase is cubic crystals of Sn-Sb and η-phase is in the form of needles of Cu6Sn5. XRD analysis was done. It was found that as compared to conventional cast specimens, the amount of β-phase of Sn-Sb was 14.4% and η-phase of Cu6Sn5 was 13.4% more in the microwave cast specimen. On the other hand as compared to conventional cast specimens, the amount of α-phase was 27.8 % less in the microwave cast specimen. Rockwell hardness testing of the cast samples was also carried out. It was observed that hardness of the microwave-assisted cast samples was 1.4 times higher than conventional cast samples. Wear testing of the cast pins was done using Pin-on-Disc tribometer. It was found that wear resistance of microwave assisted cast pin was 3.339 times the wear resistance of conventional cast pin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood drying is one of the most energy-intensive processes in lumber production, and most wood drying kilns rely on combustion for the process heating. Heat pumps are a promising technology for electrifying industrial heating processes, including wood drying. However, the application of heat pumps has been limited, largely due to the long-established popularity and cost-effectiveness of combustion-based technologies. While previous reviews have covered wood drying technologies more generally, this paper aims to bridge the gap between the wood drying and heat pump fields that have largely been investigated separately. This paper reviews the current wood drying process, including standard operating procedures, wood properties, and conventional drying kilns. Then, the current state-of-the-art heat pump wood drying technologies are reviewed, including heat pump cycle options, energy recovery, refrigerant selection, component enhancement, controls, and renewable energy integration. Additionally, other electrically driven technologies that can be combined with heat pumps to improve the efficiency and control of wood drying systems are reviewed. As the electrification of wood drying can significantly reduce global carbon emissions, this review article is a strong foundation for developing innovative systems and components for heat pump wood drying. • Provide an in-depth review of the wood drying industry and standard procedures. • Conduct a review of heat pump dryers in the lumber and related industries. • Discuss advanced heat pump design considerations relevant to wood drying. • Present a robust perspective on future research needs for heat pump wood dryers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designed a novel Modified CPC (MCPC), Prototype built and tested in on-field conditions and costed on actuals. • Cost effective (Less than $60/m2 aperture) • Modular Design that can be shipped disassembled and assembled on site without heavy equipment. • It provides the significant opportunity to use SIPH (Solar for Industrial Process Heat) systems to address the need for industrial process heating. • Design can seriously address UN SDG-7, SDG-8 and SDG-13. In the context of achieving Net Zero targets, the adoption of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) technology can play a vital role. The purpose of this work is to modify the design of a conventional CPC in such a way that for the same concentration ratio, and for same aperture area, the modified CPC (MCPC) will require significantly less material for its support structure, receiver and reflector: and hence will have reduced cost. The MCPC, we designed, has a concentration ratio of 4 and an acceptance angle 10° and requires position modification only once a month when oriented with its long axis along the East-West direction. We report experiments on an experimental prototype: the solar-to-thermal efficiency of which was 35.7% and cost of which was below $60/m2. This MCPC enables inexpensive and convenient generation of heat applications including driving low temperature industrial process heating, generation of hot water, hot air for drying, space-heating and even cooking. This can directly contribute to meeting Net Zero goals and furthermore address the problem of deforestation due to use of wood for domestic cooking. Also, since the MCPC can be manufactured using technologies available even in semi-urban regions of the Sun-belt, use of the MCPC can also boost local manufacturing economies providing dignified employment opportunities in currently underserved parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a certain visual quality or acceptable surface appearance in injection-molded components, a higher mold surface temperature is needed. In order to achieve this, injection molds can be dynamically tempered by integrating an active heating and cooling process inside the mold halves. This heating and cooling of the mold halves becomes more efficient when the temperature change occurs closer to the mold surface. Complex channels that carry cold or hot liquids can be manufactured close to the mold surface by using the layer by layer principle of additive manufacturing. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), as an additive manufacturing process, has special advantages; in particular, so-called hybrid tools can be manufactured. For example, complex tool inserts with conformal cooling channels can be additively built on simple, machined baseplates. This paper outlines the thermal simulation carried out to optimize the injection molding process by use of dynamic conformal cooling. Based on the results of this simulation, a mold with conformal cooling channels was designed and additively manufactured in maraging steel (1.2709) and then experimentally tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This century is undergoing a wave of knowledge and inventions making use of exceptional properties of nanofluids (NFs) in applications such as manufacturing and process heating, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, solar energy, heat pipes, electrical cooling systems and many others. Research investigations about NFs are on the increase due to growing attention and demand for NFs as heat transfer fluids. This can be observed from the number of articles published. To endorse the field further, the objective of this study is threefold. First, it presents the literature that specifies the preparation of NFs which are developed by the suspending of solid nanoparticles (NPs) in conventional working liquids. Secondly, it offers contemporary research on thermophysical features results of NFs. In this review, which primarily emphasizes research carried out in the last couple of decades, experimental inquiries from the latest developments of NFs applications and performance as a heat transfer system are summarized. Moreover, heat transfer mechanisms, challenges and impeding trends associated with NFs regarding heat transfer improvement are deliberated; which must motivate additional exploration. This analysis also deliberates numerous dynamics affecting the thermophysical features; comprising of synthesis techniques, the stability of NFs, various base fluids, type, size, shape, surface modification and volume fraction of nanoparticles (NPs). Though, there are inconsistent findings have been observed in the literature on the effect of factors on the thermophysical traits of NFs. The study also discovers that appropriate characterization of NFs may result in superior heat transfer fluids compared to conventional base fluids. Nevertheless, more extreme exploration is required towards the suitable selection of NPs, their synthesis, characterization and long-term stability of NF is essential to exploit their full potential along with the application of these innovative fluids on commercial levels. The stability of NFs is likewise a fundamental feature of their sustainability and effectiveness. Both academia and professionals in the industry possibly will find this review valuable, as it summarizes significant outlines of research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial process heating applications in the temperature range of 50°–250 °C consumes about 35% of the global fossil fuels, wherein solar thermal is envisaged as an alternative option. Outlet temperatures of both flat-plate collector (FPC) and photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) are not high enough to serve industrial processes. In this article, a solar assisted process heating (SAPH) system, wherein an FPC integrated in series with a PVT, has been designed to produce low to medium temperature process heat. TRNSYS simulation models have been developed for the isolated FPC and PVT as well as integrated SAPH (PVT-FPC) systems and simulated models have been validated through outdoor experimentation. Results show that SAPH system generates thermal energy as high as 1420 W with a thermal efficiency of 75% and an exergy efficiency of 12.72%. Performance mapping ascertains that SAPH system performs better at lower mass flow rates and under higher radiations. This well-engineered integration offers unique and sustainable solution to meet industrial process heat demand at a minimum fossil fuel usage. Such SAPH system with the compatible numbers of FPCs and PVTs can be implemented to accomplish low to medium temperature process heat requirements. • Experimentally validated model of SAPH for industrial process heat applications. • SAPH system ensures as high as 92.42% thermal energy supply. • Maximum thermal energy supply by SAPH system is 1420 W. • Maximum thermal efficiency of SAPH system is 75%. • SAPH system exhibit the maximum exergy efficiency of 12.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northwest Africa (NWA) 8709 is a rare example of a type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccia and provides critical information for the shock compaction histories of chondrites. An L3 protolith for NWA 8709 is inferred on the basis of oxygen isotope composition, elemental composition, diverse mineral chemistry, and overall texture. NWA 8709 is among the most strongly shocked type 3 chondrites known, and experienced complete melting of the matrix and partial melting of chondrules. Unmelted phases underwent FeO reduction and partial homogenization, with reduction possibly occurring by reaction of olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene with an S‐bearing gas that was produced by vaporization. Chondrules and metal grains became foliated by uniaxial compaction, and during compression, chondrules and fragments became attached to form larger clumps. This process, and possibly also melt incorporation into chondrules to cause "inflation," may have contributed to anomalously large chondrule sizes in NWA 8709. The melt breccia character is attributed to strong shock affecting a porous precursor. Data‐model comparisons suggest that a precursor with 23% porosity that was impacted by a 3 km/s projectile could have produced the meteorite. The rarity of other type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccias implies that the immediate precursors to such chondrites were lower in porosity than the NWA 8709 precursor, or experienced weaker shocks. Altogether, the data imply a predominantly "quiet" dynamical environment to form most type 3 ordinary chondrites, with compaction occurring in a series of relatively weak shock events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key strategy for the transition towards a low-carbon economy is the electrification of industrial heat. Heat pumps can recover and upgrade excess or waste heat. They present a highly efficient component to decarbonize process heating. In Pinch Analysis, most approaches to design the heat recovery system as well as the utility system are based on a single operating point or a couple of operating point. In the past, this was due to the lack of temporally detailed process data. However, the available process data is expected to increase drastically by the use of transient process simulation models. Thus, a method is needed which interprets the data correctly and assists with design choices. This study proposes a methodology for the design and sizing of a heat pump based on the simulated annual process data of an industrial process. Three approaches are explored: (1) the conventional approach for heat pump integration by application of the Time Average Model (TAM), (2) an approach that investigates the optimal heat pump parameters for each data point by the principles of Pinch Analysis and mathematical optimization and (3) an optimization method, which considers the entire annual process data as well as thermo-economic objectives such as net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). The new methodology compared to the conventional TAM approach is able to design a 33 % smaller heat pump, which reduces the annual operating cost by an additional 2.2 %. The NPV and IRR are more than tripled. • Industrial heat pump integration for non-continuous processes. • Dynamic Pinch Analysis. • Heat pump optimization based on simulated, annual process data. • Techno-economic optimization objective for heat pump design. • Large-scale heat pump cost functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamaku polysaccharide (MP) is a water-soluble shear-thickening biopolymer that has shown potential to be used in the design of novel food products targeting satiety management and weight loss. During the processing of MP at industrial scale, the polymer may be exposed to high temperature and shear, which could affect its rheological behaviour. Thus, herein we subjected extracted MP to high shear (between 1000–8000 rpm at various times, using a lab-scale high-shear mixer) and temperature treatment (between 65 and 115 °C, for 30 min) and investigated the changes in molecular structure and rheological properties. The temperature treatment disintegrated the backbone of MP into smaller fragments (molecular weight- M w , reduced from ∼3.9 × 106 Da with no heat, to ∼0.6 × 106 Da at 115 °C), which caused a reduction in viscosity and in the extent of shear-thickening as well as an increase in the damping factor (Gʹʹ/Gʹ). Similar rheological trends were observed post-shear treatment, however, there was no evidence of depolymerisation, with the M w , constituent sugar composition and NMR spectra (1H and 13C) being unaffected. It is suggested that the changes in rheological behaviour after shear treatment could be due to changes in the re-arrangement of MP molecules, which led to a compact and folded structure due to increased intra-molecular interactions. The results, therefore, indicate that modification of MP molecules during the industrial process such as shearing and heating should be considered as it may adversely affect the rheological properties of the product where MP is incorporated and the expected physiological benefits in the gastrointestinal tract. [Display omitted] • Viscosity of MP was markedly influenced by heat and shear treatment. • MP was more sensitive to the intensity of applied shear than the duration of shearing. • Application of heat led to the degradation of MP. • Structural composition of MP was not affected after shear treatment. • Shear may have altered the packing of MP, making it compact and leading to a viscosity reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ice-clamping device holds workpieces by using the adhesive bond of frozen water. Demanding parts like micro pieces, complex geometries, or soft materials pose challenges in manufacturing processes, being hard to clamp during machining operations. By encapsulating a workpiece form and force-fitted, ice clamping introduces an innovative technique towards a flexible, deformation-reduced, damage-free, and sustainable fixture technology addressing as well the demands of green manufacturing. Due to the relative novelty, basic information about the technique's capability are rare. To address the question of industrial applicability, the paper investigates influence factors, like reachable strengths in the presence of shear and tensile forces as well as torque, dynamic loads, the impact of workpiece materials, and the effect of process heat. The main findings of the proposed clamping technique are discussed with regard to a targeted use in common industrial machining operations like milling, drilling, or turning. A performance evaluation was executed by means of high-speed cutting operations, using, inter alia, a hard-to-clamp workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach to estimate the required extent of incentives so as to make solar industrial process heating (SIPH) financially competitive with conventional process heating system for cotton-based industry in India has been presented. The levelized cost of useful thermal energy (LCUTE) delivered by the conventional (furnace oil based) and SIPH systems in cotton-based textile industry in India has been estimated. The estimates for the LCUTE of SIPH systems vary from Rs 1035 to Rs 1392 per GJ, and the same are relatively higher than the corresponding estimate for the furnace oil-based process heating system (Rs 924 per GJ), thus justifying the provision of incentives in the initial phase. Frameworks have been developed to estimate the extents of each of the incentives required to make SIPH systems financially competitive with the existing furnace oil-based process heating systems (in terms of LCUTE). From the results, it is noted that the required amounts of viability gap funding (capital subsidy) vary from 8 to 34% of the capital cost, while the required rates of interest on the debt component vary from 3.3 to 9.5% at different locations having clusters of cotton-based textiles in India. Similarly, the required rate of investment tax credit for the investment made on SIPH system varies from 8.6 to 37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale heat pumps can contribute towards the decarbonisation of district heating systems and industrial processes. Unidentified faults can have a negative impact on the availability, performance and maintenance costs of heat pump systems. This study provides a description of faults related to the operation of 53 heat pumps based on a vapour compression cycle. Faults were characterized according to potential causes, mitigation or prevention implications as well as detection and diagnosis methods. Faults in the compressor, evaporator and source heat exchanger were more recurrent than in other components of large-scale heat pumps. Overall, the most common faults were fouling of heat exchangers and refrigerant leakage. Faults related to negative impacts like system shutdown, performance reduction and release of refrigerant into the environment, were mainly described to be originated in the compressor. Several directions for future research were identified, which included developing specific fault detection and diagnosis methods for large-scale heat pump applications, proposing methods to detect and diagnose multiple and simultaneous faults, and integrating performance degradation monitoring with fault detection and diagnosis. • Review of studies that reported faults in large-scale heat pump systems. • Description of faults causes, mitigation/prevention, and detection and diagnosis. • Most frequent faults found in source heat exchangers, evaporators and compressors. • Faults leading to system breakdown were most often caused by compressor failure. • Potential future lines of research were outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present paper a tri-dimensional non-linear dynamic thermohydraulic model of a parabolic trough collector was developed in the high-level acausal object-oriented language Modelica and coupled to a solar industrial process heat plant modeled in TRNSYS. The integration is performed in an innovative co-simulation environment based on the TLK interconnect software connector middleware. A discrete Monte Carlo ray-tracing model was developed in SolTrace to compute the solar radiation heterogeneous local concentration ratio in the parabolic trough collector absorber outer surface. The obtained results show that the efficiency predicted by the model agrees well with experimental data with a root mean square error of 1.2%. The dynamic performance was validated with experimental data from the Acurex solar field, located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria, South-East Spain, and presents a good agreement. An optimization of the IST collector mass flow rate was performed based on the minimization of an energy loss cost function showing an optimal mass flow rate of 0.22kg/sm2. A parametric analysis showed the influence on collector efficiency of several design properties, such as the absorber emittance and absorptance. Different parabolic trough solar field model structures were compared showing that, from a thermal point of view, the one-dimensional model performs close to the bi-dimensional. Co-simulations conducted on a reference industrial process heat scenario on a South European climate show an annual solar fraction of 67% for a solar plant consisting on a solar field of 1000m2, with thermal energy storage, coupled to a continuous industrial thermal demand of 100kW. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy efficiency and savings strategies in the combustion based industrial process heating has been reviewed comprehensively and presented in this paper. This work compiles latest literatures in terms of thesis, journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, handbooks on industrial process heating systems in the industrial sector. Different types of equipment used (i.e., recuperator, regenerators, heat wheels, heat pipes, economizers, etc.) and energy savings are reviewed in various industrial processes heating. Based on the review results, it is found that significant amounts of energy could be saved by using heat recovery system in the industrial process heating. By using recuperator up to 25% energy can be saved in the furnace. In the case of boiler, by using economizers 10% to 20% energy can be saved. Economic analysis shows that the payback period of recuperator and economizer are normally less than 2 years. It is also found that the payback period is lower when operating hour is comparatively high. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Site-specific bottom-up approach to identify hydrogen potentials for energy-intensive industries (367 sites) • Literature review of the feasibility to use hydrogen-based production technologies on process level. • Top-down estimation for non-energy-intensive industries based on energy balances. • A few hotspots account for the major share of hydrogen potential. • Visualization and download of the developed dataset: https://isi.pages.fraunhofer.de/pshp/ Hydrogen, when based on renewable electricity, can play a key role in the transition towards CO 2 -neutral industrial production, since its use as an energy carrier as well as a feedstock in various industrial process routes is promising. At the same time, a large-scale roll-out of hydrogen for industrial use would entail substantial impacts on the energy system, which can only be assessed if the regional distribution of future hydrogen demand is considered. Here, we assess the technical potential of hydrogen-based technologies for energy-intensive industries in Germany. The site-specific and process-specific bottom-up calculation considers 615 individual plants at 367 sites, and results in a total potential hydrogen demand of 326 TWh/a. The results are available as an open dataset. Using hydrogen for non-energy-intensive sectors as well increases the potential hydrogen demand to between 482 and 534 TWh/a for Germany - based on today's industrial structure and production output. This assumes that fossil fuels are almost completely replaced by hydrogen for process heating and feedstocks. The resulting hydrogen demand is very unevenly distributed: a few sites account for the majority of the overall potential and, similarly, the bulk of demand is concentrated in a few regions with steel and chemical clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]