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Many manufacturers change their production paradigm from mass production to mass customization to raise market share. However, the platform strategy with too many components commonality may damage customer utility. We propose the over-design parameter of low-end products and the under-design parameter of high-end products to manage it. Considering the misfit platform and customer utility, these parameters help obtain optimal product preference. In addition, we combine the platform design with uncertain demand considering component inventory. An efficient greedy simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the model. Computational experiments are conducted to show the performance of the model and the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro‐LED technology is believed to be the next generation of display, which has attracted increasing interests from academia and display industry. Combined with the efforts of of panel makers, LED manufacturers, equipment and materials makers, the yield and performance of Micro‐LED is becoming more competitive over that of a few years ago. Stamp transfer is still the closest mass transfer technology towards the possibility of mass production of Micro‐LED. Along with more mature inspection and repair, slicing, driving and demura technology, Vistar has developed a full‐process solution for the fabrication of 102 inch large area splicing display, constructed with 4.78 inch Micro‐LED display modules. After the construction of the first Micro‐LED pilot line in Mainland China in Aug 2020, Vistar took another leap in the construction of the first Micro‐LED mass production line, which laid foundation in Sep 2023. It is a big step closer to a future of Micro‐LED filled with displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manual assembly operations are still essential in modern manufacturing industries because of their flexibility and adaptability for mass customized production. However, as the product variety increases, the complexity of the assembly operations and workstations increases. Thus, several investigations have focused on improving manual assembly operations. One of the main challenges is the capture, digitalization and transferring of the assembly knowledge and skills of qualified assembly operators. In this paper, a novel approach to digitalize and evaluate the performance of manual assembly operators based on a marker-less motion tracking strategy is proposed. The aim is twofold: firstly, to digitalize manual assembly operations in order to log the experience and knowledge of qualified operators; and secondly, to objectively evaluate the assembly performance of new operators or trainees in order to qualify them. In addition, several new assembly metrics are proposed to quantitatively evaluate and compare the operator's assembly performance with the performance of a qualified operator. The proposed marker-less motion approach uses a leap motion sensor to track and capture the hand motions and execution times of an operator during the realization of manual assembly processes. A set of experimental tests was conducted to prove and validate the functionality of the proposed method. The results have demonstrated that the proposed strategy allows the digitalization of manual assembly operations and the immediate evaluation of the operator's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological development of the 3D printing industry has been tremendous starting from stereolithography in the 1980 s. Low throughput and surface quality had been the major obstacles to this technology, which offers very limited constraints to the geometrical shapes. In this work, we designed a low‐cost volumetric 3D printer that, unlike traditional 3D printers, polymerizes the whole geometry within the revolving resin container. Optimized projections needed for the polymerization of target objects were developed in MATLAB R2020b using the concepts of tomographic reconstruction. The rotation of the resin container and the projections rate were matched to develop the target geometries after the oxygen depletion. Commercially available low viscous Anycubic plant‐based resins were used as the printing material. 3D objects of centimeter scale could be manufactured in 30 seconds with extremely low surface roughness in the sub‐micron range. The dimensional deviation of final components from the CAD model was found to be within 5%. The over‐printing on existing solid structures was successfully experimented with and thus opens the way for future developments. Commercialization of volumetric 3D printers would result in mass production of complex customer‐specific functional components which in turn boosts the manufacturing sector significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the impact of Foreign Direct Investment that creates a demand creation effect on domestic companies in the Indonesian manufacturing industry in 2010-2015. This study uses Input and Output data for 2010 and Industri Besar Sedang data in 2010-2015, both of which come from the Badan Pusat Statistik. The Fixed Effects model came out as the best model because it reflected different firm characteristics. The study concludes that the larger the foreign presence and the firm's size in an industry, the more demand-creating effect it will create. However, FDI enters highly concentrated industries and industries with high levels of imports, which will negatively affect the demand creation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Although additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing/3DP) is presently in its infancy, once it becomes economically viable for mass production, it would revolutionize the operation and supply chain network of traditional businesses and manufacturing industries. To this end, approaches for ensuring a smooth transition of the economy, businesses, manufacturing centers and related services are being investigated. This review paper assesses the existing literature on the impact of AM on the maritime transportation sector. Design/methodology/approach - This paper provides a systematic literature review through three methodological phases: (1) a comprehensive review of the number of English language literature studies published on the topics of AM or 3DP (1970-2021); (2) a bibliometric analysis of selected keyword combinations and (3) a detailed review on the impact of AM on different sectors. Findings - The key findings are that existing studies do not attempt to forecast shipping volume and tonmiles that can be affected by the mainstreaming of the technology. Additionally, existing literature that focuses on the impact of the technology on different shipping categories is limited to studies on container ships. Originality/value - The review identifies some potential areas of research that since maritime transportation will be affected by mainstreaming AM, it will have economic, social and environmental impacts on global trade that require future assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning, scheduling and delivery of shipments in workshops and factories active in the field of custom manufacturing industries are two important arms in the decision-making process that are used to optimize or reduce the adverse effects of problems in production, so this is one of the important pillars within any company or manufacturing plant. The importance of this issue will become clear when this tool is used in the real world and the production platform to benefit the companies. In this research, we will investigate a medium-term period and a short-term schedule for the production of carton sheets in the printing and packaging industry, and provide a method for separating cutting and scheduling models, as well as an innovative method for the scheduling. The result of the research is the comparison of the proposed method with the common method used in the factory to measure the efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass based Micro‐LED display, as one of the most promising advanced display technologies, has attracted increasing interests from academia and display industry. With collaborative work by panel makers, LED manufacturers, equipment and materials makers in the efforts to improve the yield and performance while reducing the cost, Micro‐LED is getting closer towards a possibility of mass production full‐process. Stamp mass transfer is the pioneer candidate along this roadmap. With extensive research in transfer, inspection and repair technology, Vistar has developed a full‐ process solution that can push the yield up to 100% on our splicing display units. In this paper, we introduce the 4.78 inch true bezel‐ less Micro‐LED panel, as building blocks towards free size large tiled displays. And by proofing the technology in Micro‐LED manufacture, this may lay out a milestone in the way towards the realization of industrial Micro‐LED products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study to analyse the workers' satisfaction level on the implementation of an integrated quality system between the IATF 16949 and Toyota Production System focusing on internal audit activity in one automotive company in Malaysia. The main goal was to validate and investigate the issues and challenges those employees in the organisation faced before and after the systems were integrated. Rasch Measurement Model was used to analyse the data collected. Initially, pilot data were conducted, and the data were used to construct the survey questionnaire with 3 constructs and 47 items. A total of 30 respondents from various departments were assessed with the demographic traits of position in the organization and years of service. From the pre-implementation survey, most of the respondents agreed that too many documents were involved throughout both audits and lack of training for auditee on both systems was the main cause to the ineffective implementation of both systems, particularly at mass production process. Both items were measured below the person mean value in variable map (pre-implementation). After the integrated system, the post-survey analysis proved that too many documents and lack of training were above person mean value in variable map (post-implementation). The results revealed that most of the respondents agreed the integration of both systems has given an effective result and good impact to the organization's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From aircraft manufacturing, product customization, aircraft maintenance, and aircraft launch and recovery, project management is threaded through all aspects of aviation. Given the supreme importance of quality to every aircraft manufacturer, airline, and passenger, it would be expected that quality management, within the context of project management, would be a construct that is clearly defined. The aim of this mixed-methods research seeks to understand how quality is managed and assured in aviation projects, whether the current quality management framework is applicable to the aviation industry, and how quality should ultimately be managed in aviation projects. The results suggest that aviation project management could benefit by adopting a new lens for managing project quality and avoiding a surface-level adoption of quality tools designed primarily for the mass production context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an empirical study carried out to evaluate and analyze Internet of Things sensing networks, smart manufacturing big data, and digitized mass production in sustainable Industry 4.0. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from Forrester, LNS Research, Management Events, McKinsey, Plex Systems, and PwC, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding how integrating Internet of Things-based decision support systems along production processes facilitates automatic data gathering and inspection, through sustainable industrial big data and artificial intelligence-based decision-making algorithms, manufacturing operations are optimized, while by use of autonomous vehicle driving algorithms and perception sensor data, industrial big data analytics, and Internet of Things-based decision support systems, industrial plants network in real time. Data collected from 6,700 respondents are tested against the research model. Descriptive statistics of compiled data from the completed surveys were calculated when appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper for the first time demonstrates the application of the concept of Zero-Waste Pattern Cutting (ZWPC) into mass production of apparel to tackle over 60 billion square metres of scarp fabrics being produced by the fashion industry annually. A strategic framework for implementing ZWPC for multiple sizes of clothing was first developed, then applied and tested on two styles of garments in multiple sizes. Digital pattern cutting and marker making techniques were used to design and cut pattern pieces of different sizes of garments for same style. Physical prototypes were made, and wearer trials were done to check the fit of clothing. It was found that over 98% of fabric utilisation was achieved for both styles, while in traditional industrial practice over 85% is considered impossible. This indicates that the strategic framework for implementing ZWPC in mass production of clothing is effective to result in a much cleaner production. This leads to the development of a ZWPC paradigm for the apparel industry and a novel apparel design process. This framework can be further improved by testing with many different styles of garments being manufactured by the fashion industry today. This will bring a huge practical implication to the apparel industry by offering a leaner and cleaner production strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an empirical study carried out to evaluate and analyze Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from Capgemini, CompTIA, IW Custom Research, Kronos, The Manufacturer, and PwC, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding production lines that are currently managed by digital platforms/technologies. Data collected from 4,200 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern industry, mass production has migrated to third world countries. To be competitive, European companies are forced to rapidly switch towards manufacturing of short series of customised products with added value. In European industry, a great effort has been made in order to customise products and give them an added value by developing new fabrication technologies. Additive layered manufacturing (ALM), also known as rapid manufacturing (RM), is a powerful tool that offers the necessary competitiveness to European companies. ALM comprises the use of layer-by-layer manufacturing in order to build a part by addition of material. Fabrication is performed directly from the 3D CAD model, which is sliced into layers that are printed one upon the other. Also known as free form fabrication, additive fabrication 'unlocks' design potential since part design obeys functionality, pushing the limits of manufacturability. In this paper, the authors review ALM technologies and the state-of-the-art of ALM applications in tooling, biomedicine and lightweight structures for the automotive and aerospace sectors. The authors present their experience in industrial application of additive fabrication through various industrial technology transfer projects made to transfer ALM technology to SMEs. Various case studies are presented and the achieved benefits of ALM are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of manufacturing has been shifting from mass production to mass customization and producers are seeking ways to reduce production costs, still offering a competitive basket of products. One approach for implementing mass customization is to develop or produce products based on platform architecture. Variant products make use of the product platform as the starting point and then add or remove components to change features of the base product. This allows the manufacturer to offer the variety of products that meet market demands without developing each product independently. In this paper, we propose multiple platforms for the production of a given product family while minimizing the overall production cost. The methodology considers the demand for each product variant, with the decision variables as the optimal number of platforms, optimal configuration of each platform, and assignment of the products to the platforms. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program, and both the optimal formulation and an evolutionary strategy based on Genetic Algorithm are presented. The approach is illustrated with an example from a family of cordless drills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach to classify six anomaly types of control chart patterns (CCP), of systematic pattern, cyclic pattern, upward shift, downward shift, upward trend, and downward trend. Current CCP recognition methods use either unprocessed raw data or complex transformed features (via principal component analysis or discrete wavelet transform) as the input representation for the classifier. The objective of using selected features is not only for dimension reduction of input representation, but also implies the process of data compression. In contrast, using raw data is often computationally inefficient while using transformed features is very tedious in most cases. Therefore, owing to its computational advantage, using appropriate features of CCP to achieve good classification accuracy becomes more promising in real process implementation. In this study, using three features of CCP shows quite a competitive performance in terms of classification accuracy and computational loading. More importantly, the proposed method presented here has potential to be generalized to medical, financial, and other application of temporal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: A proposed smart manufacturing system has the ability to adapt to manufacturing changes. The complexity and dynamic of the manufacturing environment are growing due to the changes of manufacturing demand from mass production to mass customization that require variable product types, small lot sizes, and a short lead-time to market. Currently, the automatic manufacturing systems are suitable for mass production. To cope with the changes of the manufacturing environment, the paper proposes the model and technologies for developing a smart cyber-physical manufacturing system (Smart-CPMS). The transformation of the actual manufacturing systems to the Smart-CPMS is considered as the next generation of manufacturing development in Industry 4.0. The Smart-CPMS has advanced characteristics inspired from biology such as self-organization, self-diagnosis, and self-healing. These characteristics ensure that the Smart-CPMS is able to adapt with continuously changing manufacturing requirements. The model of Smart-CPMS is inherited from the organization of living systems in biology and nature. Consequently, in the Smart-CPMS, each resource on the shop floor such as machines, robots, transporters, and so on, is an autonomous entity, namely a cyber-physical system (CPS) which is equipped with cognitive capabilities such as perception, reasoning, learning, and cooperation. The Smart-CPMS adapts to the changes of manufacturing environment by the interaction among CPSs without external intervention. The CPS implementation uses the cognitive agent technology. Internet of things (IoT) with wireless networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), and sensor networks are used as information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure for carrying out the Smart-CPMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early manufacturing industry, characterized by mass production, the design was mainly concentrated on one or a type of products, less innovation was required, longer, and more substantial investment was allowed. To adapt to the user's requirements for product personalization and diversification, and continuously expand the space for product innovation, this paper proposes an intelligent product design method. Traditional design theory is creatively combined with the proposed model to achieve the intended goal. The application models of two interactive genetic algorithms based on the compound fitness allocation strategy (HFAS) and the graded fitness allocation strategy are proposed, and the parameters of the compound fitness allocation strategy are analyzed. A case study of the proposed model is implemented, and two methods of Full Permutation and fuzzy evaluation are applied to evaluate the design results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of OHM: Obradoiro de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analyses (Boothroyd and Redford 1968) have indicated that knowledge of the relationship between parts quality and cost is essential if the performance of a mechanized assembly machine is to be optimized. For mass-production parts, improvements in parts quality are invariably obtained by some form of inspection and a knowledge of the cost of and efficiency of inspection is therefore desirable. Experiments have been carried out for visual inspection to determine the effect on inspection rate and efficiency of changing the quality of the part being inspected and the number, position and type of features of the part which can be inspected. The results of this work are presented in this paper and their significance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey conducted to establish the nature of the use of certain methods for mass production in the U.K. engineering industry. Prior to describing the survey we shall specify and give terminology for the methods to be included, and the aspects of mass production to be covered. We shall deal only with mass production in the engineering industry, i.e. the manufacture of discrete items rather than fluids, raw materials, etc., and we shall be concerned only with complex items such as machined parts and assemblies. The survey therefore relates primarily to flow production methods (Wild 1972), i.e. manual assembly lines, transfer machines and automated assembly. Additionally survey data were collected relating to individual and group manual assembly methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In semiconductor manufacturing, wafer aligners have been widely used, such as the conventional alignment method using a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) transmission sensor to detect the notch or flat in a wafer. This paper presents a proposed vision aligner using a vision method that can be installed in the wafer and plate bonding machine for mass production. The vision system, which uses three cameras to perform wafer alignment of position and rotation, detects wafer face side and ultraviolet (UV) tape on the target wafer and plate. It can be utilized for the alignment process of wafers and ceramic plate bonding. Using the vision method, the aligner could reduce the process steps and time required for wafer bonding, as well as unexpected problems caused by the workers during manufacturing. The system was applied in the mass production field to verify its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology for the development of smart manufacturing. One of the main advantages of AR is that it can help workers to accomplish several tasks, making it possible the shift from mass production to mass customization. However, it is still not clear how these promises can be fulfilled in an industrial scenario. In particular, the question about which display solutions fit better the industrial constraints remains open. Based on the literature overview, laboratory experiments, and feedbacks from industrial companies, we supported the use of spatial augmented reality (SAR), designing a prototype intended to be used for manual working stations of the future smart factories. This work presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of conveying technical instructions with this SAR prototype as compared to paper manual. We run a within-subjects experiment with 16 participants to measure user task performance (completion times and error rates) and to collect subjective evaluation. We projected technical information on a motorbike engine during a seven-task maintenance procedure. Our results proved that SAR technology improves the operators' performance with respect to a paper manual and that users well accept it. We found that SAR is more effective for difficult tasks than for simple ones and that the main advantage of SAR is related more to the reduction of error rates than to completion times. These results confirm the goodness of our design choices; then our prototype can be a valid candidate solution for a smart manufacturing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Faculty of Economics in East Sarajevo / Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Istočnom Sarajevu is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

LGD has developed M+ technology for reduces power consumption. The core technology is the development of WCS photoresist. We developed in the following two technologies. 1. The binder polymer molecular weight increase to 20,000. 2. Synthesized the PDI to 2.0. LGD-WCS developed at UHD large size TV into mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability to the service business of general models used in the manufacturing environment. This is done by applying Ferdows's model, "the strategic role of the plant", in two cases. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses the case approach. One case (IBM Nordic) is based on an interview, while the other case (Google) relies on secondary data. In each case the operations are mapped on Ferdows's model. Findings - The cases indicate that the same kind of roles can be found in the service business as in traditional manufacturing environments, and that these roles are widely used. However, for communicative purposes, the model was terminologically slightly modified. Research limitations/implications - Although this study presents the findings of only two cases, the knowledge of material available from public sources leads us to believe that these findings are universal. The model is easy to communicate in the service sector and is thus a very valuable tool. Originality/value - Models used in the traditional manufacturing and operations management environment have not yet been fully discovered by, nor sufficiently applied in, the service sector. Academics and practitioners are busy trying to create new models in this sector, without noticing that the "old" tools are still usable. Benchmarking against the models used in other sectors might be a worthwhile exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the measurement and performance analysis of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). Topics discussed include suggestions that RMS is a paradigm between mass production and flexible manufacturing system, the performance measurement different in RMS due to several individual measures, and quality of a product measured by the mean and standard deviation of product characteristics.

The direct transplantation or imitation of lean production has led to difficulties of applying a number of lean principles and practices. Thus diffusion of one of the main lean principles, just in time production, which refers to producing only “what is really needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed”, seems to be limited. To date, some of the these companies produce more than their customers really need. This method of production enables them not only to amortize the high changeover costs over a large number of products, but also to benefit from commercial opportunities. However these companies are exposed to financial losses related to storage costs and risks of non-sale. To provide decision elements for determining the best production strategy, we have developed a model for calculating the optimal quantity to be produced. Moreover, we suggest using a fuzzy aggregation system to optimise the consideration of the risk of non-sale. This new approach defines the limits to not be exceed by taking into consideration the drawbacks linked to the risks of non-sale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we characterise the impact of product global performance on the choice of product architecture during the new product development (NPD) process. We classify product architectures into three categories: modular (neither interface is geometrically nested) integral (all interfaces are geometrically nested) and hybrid (some, but not all interfaces are geometrically nested). Existing studies show that the choice of a product architecture during the NPD process is a crucially strategic decision for a manufacturing firm. However, no single architecture is optimal in all cases, thus analytical models are required to identify and discuss specific trade-offs associated with the choice of the optimal architecture under different circumstances. This article develops analytical models that obtain a product's global performance through a modular/hybrid/integral architecture. Trade-offs between costs and expected benefits from different product architectures are analysed and compared. Multifunction products and small size are used as examples to formalise the models and show the impact of the global performance characteristics. We also investigate how optimal architecture changes in response to the exogenous costs of system integrators. Some empirical implications obtained from this study show that if the global performance benefit is sufficiently large, then modular architecture is an absolutely sub-optimal decision and integral architecture is an all-the-time candidate for optimal architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and implementation work for a new shaft part rolling process have been carried out in the present study, where the shaft has a thread and a small module spline or gear. This method is developed based on two-roll cross rolling technologies for thread and spline, and two round rolling dies provide special structure for synchronously forming thread and spline (or gear). In one rolling process, the threaded and splined (or geared) shapes on the different portions of shaft part are formed synchronously, and then the manufacturing cycle has been shortened and the relative phase between thread and spline (or gear) in mass production can be keep stable. Virtualizing practice of the new forming process for a shaft part with thread and spline was carried out by mean of FEM numerical simulation. The results indicated that the shapes of thread and spline being formed in one rolling process would be achieved by controlling the synchronous rolling process combining reasonable design for die structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the mechanisms and conditions for improving product development performance in overlapping development processes. The (1) product design (upstream) process and (2) mass production preparation (downstream) process are interdependent. Yet, the results of case studies of Company X revealed insufficient robustness against noise that affected product functions in Product A during process (1). In process (2), although overlapping was routinely conducted, subsequent work was subject to continuous redesigning and did not result in a shorter product lead time. In contrast, for Product B, while more man-hours were required, the robustness of preliminary information was obtained by introducing Quality Engineering (QE) in process (1). As a result, by actively utilizing preliminary information prior to production preparation, the mold designer in process (2) is able to perform a "prior examination of the mold," using methods, such as flow analysis. Moreover, access to the product designer allows the mold designer to pinpoint manufacturability problems/issues and implement the design for manufacturing (DFM) approach prior to production preparation (drawing release). Accordingly, in addition to the exchange of preliminary information, a condition that enables substantial overlapping is the frontloading and commencement of the (2) mass production preparation process at the (1) product design stage. Consequently, meeting this condition enables a considerable reduction in the amount of redesigning required to ensure manufacturability in process (2), a substantial improvement in mass production preparation performance, and a shortening of the overall lead time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]