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Objectives: The evidence of intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) in acute ischemic stroke with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion was less solid than with middle cerebral artery occlusion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictors of good functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke with ICA occlusion after IAT in order to identify which characteristics were more associated with good functional outcome. Methods: From June 2016 to November 2018, all subjects who received IAT for acute stroke in three hospitals were enrolled. Those who had angiographic evidence of arterial occlusion not at ICA were excluded. Presence of tandem lesions was also excluded. After review of images, subjects without available non-enhanced CT or multiphase CTA were also excluded. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to separate all subjects into good outcome (mRS: 0-2) and poor outcome (mRS: 3-6) groups. Statistical analysis was used to find between group differences, including epidemiological data, clinical characters, imaging results, and IAT results. Results: The final enrolled subjects were 32 cases. The median and interquartile range of age was 74.5 [16.5] years old and there were 15 men. As compared with the poor outcome group, significant differences in the good outcome group included younger age (p = 0.038), higher percentage of usage of antithrombotic agents (p = 0.019), higher percentage of good or intermediate collateral (p = 0.018), and good reperfusion result (p = 0.018). Conclusion: The benefit of IAT in acute ICA occlusion was stronger in patients with better collateral and the success of IAT was also a key to good clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnolol, a constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to decrease myocardial stunning and infarct size. In this study, we investigated whether magnolol can reduce renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Renal I/R, induced by a 60-min occlusion of bilateral renal arteries and a 24-h reperfusion, significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and caused histological damage to the kidneys of rats. Apoptosis, as evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 activation, was significantly increased in the kidneys. Furthermore, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated, while the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was suppressed. However, intravenous pretreatment with magnolol at doses of 0.003 mg/kg and 0.006 mg/kg 10 min before renal I/R significantly limited the increases of BUN, creatinine, the histological damage, and apoptosis in the kidneys. The increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the decrease in IL-10 were also significantly inhibited. Additionally, magnolol increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax in the kidneys. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ 2), was elevated, while phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was suppressed. In conclusion, magnolol reduces renal I/R injury. The underlying mechanisms for this effect might be related to the prevention of apoptosis, possibly via the inhibition of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, including the reduction of TNF-α production and the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Environmental cadmium, with a high average dietary intake, is a severe public health risk. However, the long-term health implications of environmental exposure to cadmium in different life stages remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of early exposure to cadmium, at an environmentally relevant dosage, on adult metabolism and the mechanism of action. METHODS: We established mouse models with low-dose cadmium (LDC) exposure in early life to examine the long-term metabolic consequences. Intestinal flora measurement by 16S rDNA sequencing, microbial ecological analyses, and fecal microbiota transplant was conducted to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: Early LDC exposure (100 nM) led to fat accumulation in adult male mice. Hepatic genes profiling revealed that fatty acid and lipid metabolic processes were elevated. Gut microbiota were perturbed by LDC to cause diversity reduction and compositional alteration. Time-series studies indicated that the gut flora at early-life stages, especially at 8 weeks, were vulnerable to LDC and that an alteration during this period could contribute to the adult adiposity, even if the microbiota recovered later. The importance of intestinal bacteria in LDC-induced fat accumulation was further confirmed through microbiota transplantation and removal experiments. Moreover, the metabolic effects of LDC were observed only in male, but not female, mice. CONCLUSIONS: An environmental dose of cadmium at early stages of life causes gut microbiota alterations, accelerates hepatic lipid metabolism, and leads to life-long metabolic consequences in a sex-dependent manner. These findings provide a better understanding of the health risk of cadmium in the environment. CITATION: Ba Q, Li M, Chen P, Huang C, Duan X, Lu L, Li J, Chu R, Xie D, Song H, Wu Y, Ying H, Jia X, Wang H. 2017. Sex-dependent effects of cadmium exposure in early life on gut microbiota and fat accumulation in mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:437-446; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP360 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]