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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of anesthetics in aquaculture ensures better animal welfare and survival during transport and the production cycle. The present study evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba (EOLA) and Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis, and EOs of Origanum majorana (EOO) and Cymbopogon citratus (EOC) for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. shrimp were exposed to (i) 500, 750 or 1000 μL L-1 of EOLA or (ii) 50, 100, 150 or 250 μL L-1 of EOOG, and L. vannamei were exposed to (iii) 150, 300 or 500 μL L-1 of EOC or (iv) 400 or 800 μL L-1 of EOO. The induction times were concentration dependent, with a decrease in induction time with the increase of the EOs concentration, but for EOLA, this pattern was observed only for anesthesia. Induction times for sedation and anesthesia were significantly shorter for shrimp exposed to EOC and EOO. The highest concentration of EOOG (250 μL L-1) resulted in 30% mortality. The recovery time was significantly longer for shrimp exposed to 800 μL L-1 of EOO compared to the other EOs. Overall, the action of EOs significantly differed between the two shrimp species. In conclusion, the tested EOs effectively anesthetized F. paulensis and L. vannamei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to contribute with information on how to minimize stress during dairy and beef cattle handling and analyze situations in which animal welfare problems compromise human well-being and the production system's economy. This analysis considers the five domains of animal welfare (nutrition, health, environment, behavior, and mental states), which evaluate animal welfare in an integrative way. We present practical examples of how the adoption of good animal welfare handling practices contributes to better working conditions for people and improves their quality of life. There are also economic benefits for producers, providing an opportunity to implement a new strategy for promoting sustainable livestock production, applying the concept of "a life worth living" for animals and human beings living or working on farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days, various protocols have been published for the prevention of transmission of the COVID-19 virus during manipulation of the airway. The article describes a form for airway management that is used in some hospitals in the Boyacá Colombia and Mexico City. This consists of nine phases that describe from the preparation of the medical equipment to be used, as well as the medical personnel that will perform the procedure, to the removal of the endotracheal tube. These phases are: placement of personal protective equipment, preparation, pre-oxygenation, induction, intubation, confirmation, aspiration tube, extubation and removal and disposal of material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Odontología Pediátrica is the property of Asociacion Sociedad Peruana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tumor stage is considered the single most important prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. The most critical issue when determining the pathologic stage is wheter the tumor is organ-confined or has spread outside of the organ. Proper handling and sampling of radical nephrectomy (RN) is essential for accurate determination of pathologic stage and other relevant tumor parameters such as: tumor size, tumor invading beyond the kidney into the peripheral extracapsular tissue or the renal sinus. The main goal of this review is to focus on practical aspects of nephrectomy specimen handling and sampling in order to get an accurate pathology report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: routine practices such as biometrics, transportation and medical procedures are a source of stress to fish. The use of anesthetics is recommended to reduce undesirable effects of stress, such as decreased feed intake and even mortality-in critical cases. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of eugenol and benzocaine in juveniles of red tilapia Oreochromis sp. Methods: thirty juveniles of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) were distributed in groups of 10 individuals as follows; G1: eugenol (50 mg/L), G2: eugenol (100 mg/L) and G3: benzocaine (100 mg/L). The fish were individually placed in the corresponding anesthetic solution. After immersion, times to achieve the different anesthetic stages were recorded. During anesthesia, the fish were measured, weighed and blood samples were collected for glucose and plasma cortisol analysis. Results: time to total loss of equilibrium was higher in G3 (p<0.05) compared to the other two groups. No significant differences were observed among groups regarding time to total loss of equilibrium or time to ventilation absence. Glucose levels were significantly higher in G1 (p = 0.03) in comparison to G3. However, cortisol levels were higher in G3 as compared to the other groups (p<0.05). A mortality rate of 10% was observed in G1 fish. Conclusion: current findings indicate that 100 mg/L eugenol leads to induction of anesthesia in less than 3 min and recovery in less than 5 min, without mortality in juveniles of red tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A inevitável manipulação de peixes vivos em piscicultura causa uma série de reações fisiológicas adversas, o que exige o uso de anestésicos. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do óleo de cravo como anestésico para juvenis avançados (aproximadamente 55 g e 13 cm) de tilápia do Nilo durante o manejo. No primeiro experimento, os peixes foram expostos a banhos anestésicos em seis diferentes concentrações (80; 100; 150; 200; 250 e 300 mg L-1) e foi avaliado o tempo de indução aos diferentes estágios de anestesia. No segundo experimento, avaliaram-se os diferentes tempos de exposição à anestesia, sendo verificada a margem de segurança do anestésico. Por último, avaliaram-se as respostas de estresse após a anestesia em 250 mg L-1. Os parâmetros avaliados foram cortisol, glicose, hematócrito, hemoglobina e níveis plasmáticos de sódio e potássio. A concentração 250 mg L-1 de óleo de cravo foi a mais adequada para indução de anestesia cirúrgica. Para a anestesia voltada para biometria e breve manejo, a concentração mais adequada foi 150 mg L-1. A exposição à concentração ideal de óleo de cravo por 10 min., não causou estresse severo, ocorrendo alterações após a anestesia somente nos níveis de glicose e hematócrito.Handling of live fish is inevitable in fish farms and causes a number of adverse physiological reactions, thus requiring the use of anesthetics. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of clove oil as an anesthetic for juvenile tilapia (approximately 55 g and 13 cm) during handling. In the first experiment, fishes were exposed to an anesthetic bath at six concentrations (80, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg L-1). Subsequently, the induction time was assessed for different stages of anesthesia. In the second experiment, different times of exposure to anesthesia were tested, aiming to assess the safety margin of the anesthetic. Finally, we evaluated the responses to stress after exposure to 250 mg L-1 anesthesia. The following parameters were tested: cortisol, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma sodium and potassium levels. The concentration of 250 mg L-1 of clove oil is the most appropriate to induce surgical anesthesia, and 150 mg L-1 for biometrics and brief handling. Anesthesia at the ideal concentration for 10 minutes did not result in severe stress. Only blood glucose and hematocrit were affected after anesthesia.

A desfolha no vinhedo tem como principais objetivos aumentar a radiação solar e a aeração na região dos frutos, para melhorar a coloração e a maturação das uvas tintas, além de reduzir a incidência de podridões, visando, com isso, obter vinhos de qualidade superior. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da desfolha nos parâmetros físico-químicos das uvas e dos vinhos Cabernet Sauvignon de Dom Pedrito, região da Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). As uvas foram colhidas em março de 2008, sendo provenientes de um vinhedo comercial cultivado em espaldeira. A desfolha foi realizada na base dos ramos, somente no lado que recebe o sol da manhã, com intensidade de aproximadamente 20%, no estádio fenológico grão "ervilha". As microvinificações foram feitas com controle de temperatura, em tanques de vidro em triplicata, com oito dias de maceração. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com desfolha apresentou mostos com pH significativamente mais baixo e maior acidez total. As cascas das uvas e os vinhos do tratamento com desfolha apresentaram aumento significativo no teor de polifenóis totais. A desfolha também propiciou vinhos com maior intensidade de cor, antocianinas totais, extrato seco e açúcar redutor, e menor teor de nitrogênio. Nos vinhos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para acidez total e volátil, pH, álcool, densidade, extrato seco reduzido e teor de potássio. Conclui-se que a prática da desfolha em vinhedos da região da Campanha melhora a qualidade dos vinhos.The practice of partial defoliation in vineyards has as main objectives increase sunlight and ventilation for the fruit, aiming to improve color and maturity in red grapes and helping to reduce fungal diseases, which should result in better wine quality. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation on the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines from Dom Pedrito, on the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The grapes were harvested in March 2008 from a commercial vineyard planted in the trellis system. The defoliation intensity was of 20% and performed only on the side of the vineyard that received the morning sun and when the berry was in the pea-size. The musts were fermented in small lots, in triplicate, with temperature control and remained on the skins for eight days. The results showed that musts of the treatment with defoliation had lower values of pH and higher total acidity. The phenolic content of grape skins and wines was significantly higher for those submitted to defoliation. The defoliation also resulted in wines with greater color intensity, anthocyanins, extract content and reducing sugar, and lower nitrogen content. In wines, there were no significant differences between treatments for total and volatile acidity, pH, alcohol, density, reducing extract and potassium content. As a conclusion, these results might suggest that partial defoliation, as it was done in this vineyard, improves wine quality.

This work was aimed to identify the typology and the characteristics of the goat milk production systems. Seventy rural properties were researched. Multivariate data analysis with cluster formation techinique was used, and also the identification of five different groups of production systems. The production systems were classified through technical and economical efficiency, ranking groups 1 and 2 as high technological level, groups 3 and 4 as medium level, and the group 5 as low level. The high technological level systems used practices of more rational handling with larger technological employment becoming better specialized. These systems present the largest revenues of milk and unitary net profit. Medium technological production systems adopt technological recommendations and look for alternatives of handling practices. Production system 1 adopts intensive sanitary practices for the farmyard facilities and stables, but this does not happen in the production system 2. Vermifuge is applied three times a year in system 1 while in the system 2 it is applied twice a year. The producers of the systems 1 and 2 obtain more financial resources through official credit lines, and the producers of the group 2 are more punctual on the pay off deadlines.Objetivou-se identificar a tipologia e as características dos sistemas de produção de leite de cabra. Foram pesquisadas 70 propriedades agrárias. A técnica utilizada foi análise multivariada com a formação de cluster, com identificação de cinco diferentes grupos de sistemas de produção. Os sistemas de produção foram tipificados pela eficiência técnica e econômica, como grupos 1 e 2, considerados de nível tecnológico alto, grupos 3 e 4, de nível médio, e grupo 5, de nível baixo. Os sistemas de nível tecnológico alto adotam práticas de manejo mais racionais com maior emprego tecnológico e são os mais especializados. Esses sistemas conferem as maiores receitas de leite e lucro líquido unitário. Os sistemas de produção de nível tecnológico médio adotam recomendações tecnológicas e buscam alternativas de práticas de manejo. Produtores do sistema de produção 1 utilizam práticas sanitárias intensivas das instalações de apriscos e currais para práticas mais alternadas realizadas no sistema de produção 2. O número de aplicações de vermífugo no sistema 1 é de três vezes ao ano, enquanto no sistema produtivo 2 é de duas aplicações. Os produtores dos sistemas 1 e 2 são os que mais captam recursos monetários por linha de crédito oficial, e os do grupo 2 os que mais se apresentaram com o financiamento quitado ou em dia.

O pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) é um peixe que pode atingir mais de 2m e 100kg. No entanto, por ser um animal de grande porte, o risco de acidentes é bastante elevado durante o manejo. Logo, anestésicos são essenciais para segurança no trabalho. Nesse contexto, estudou-se a possibilidade do uso da benzocaína aspergida diretamente nas brânquias do pirarucu, para indução à anestesia do peixe pulmonado da Amazônia sem riscos de afogamento. Foram testadas as concentrações de 25, 50 e 75mg L-1 em indivíduos adultos (55,1±7,0kg e 1,80±0,1m) e as concentrações de 50 e 100mg L-1 em juvenis (6,0±0,6kg e 87,2±5,6cm). Os resultados mostram viabilidade do uso da benzocaína aspergida diretamente nas brânquias do pirarucu em concentrações de 50 a 100mg L-1, proporcionando anestesia com ausência de movimentação por aproximadamente 2min, tempo suficiente para procedimentos rápidos, como biometria, injeções, marcação, coleta de raspados de muco na superfície do corpo e brânquias. Mortalidade de animais não foi observada mesmo um mês após os testes.Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is a fish that may achieve more than 2m and 100kg. Thus handling of this fish may impose risks to workers. In this way, anesthetics are imperative for safety at work, but usual anesthetics baths are not feasible for pirarucu because of the fish size and the species pulmonary respiration. Pirarucu may die drowned if submersed as the other fishes in anesthetics baths. Therefore, this work tested the possible use of benzocaine directly sprinkled in the gills of pirarucu. In the first experiment, benzocaine solutions in concentrations of 25, 50 and 75mg L-1 were tested for adult fish (55.1±7.0kg e 1.80±0.1m). In the second one, the anesthetic in concentrations of 50 and 100mg L-1 were tested for juveniles (6.0±0.6kg e 87.2±5.6cm). Benzocaine sprinkled directly in the gills of pirarucu showed to be an efficient anesthetic both for juveniles and adult fish. It was observed absence of movements during 2min, time enough for most handling procedures. No mortality occurred even one month after experiments.

Los estudios de tiempos y movimientos permiten determinar las causas por las cuales se disminuye el rendimiento en los equipos de extracción forestal durante los procesos de cosecha, diagramando los movimientos rutinarios que permiten determinar los ciclos (unidad de producción), para conocer los rendimientos óptimos de cada equipo estudiado. Se realizó un análisis estadístico por medio de una regresión lineal múltiple, pudiendo predecir el comportamiento de variables y formular un modelo matemático que permite predecir el rendimiento de cada equipo, dependiendo de diferentes variables como pendiente, distancia de madereo y carga transportada. Se diseñó un modelo matemático que permite predecir rendimientos en operaciones de madereo hasta una distancia media de 250 metros, pendientes entre 30 y 45%, en plantaciones de Pinus Tecunumanii, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus patula y Eucalyptus grandis.The time and motion studies to identify the causes that decrease the performance of logging equipment during the harvest, diagrams routine movements to determine the cycles (production unit) to get the optimum performance each group studied. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression can predict the behavior of variables and formulate a mathematical model that predicts the performance of each team, depending on different variables such as slope, distance Woodlot and cargo carried. We designed a mathematical model that predicts yields Woodlot operations to an average distance of 250 meters, slopes between 30 and 45% in plantations of Pinus tecunumanii, oocarpa Pinus, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis.

Para avaliar o efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), cinco grupos de 30 alevinos (0,6±0,1g) foram expostos às concentrações de 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150mg L-1, medindo-se, respectivamente: tempo de indução à anestesia profunda (caracterizada pela perda de equilíbrio, pela ausência de natação, pela redução dos movimentos operculares e pelas respostas apenas a estímulos táteis mais intensos), tempo de recuperação e taxa de mortalidade após a exposição. Em uma segunda etapa (10 peixes/tratamento), registraram-se, para cada concentração, os tempos de indução e de recuperação após anestesia cirúrgica (movimentos operculares lentos e irregulares e perda de reações a estímulos), anotando-se a mortalidade após seis minutos de exposição. Observou-se redução linear no tempo de indução à anestesia (0,01min mg-1 de anestésico acrescido) e aumento quadrático do tempo de recuperação com a elevação da concentração (resposta máxima estimada em 7,1 minutos). A anestesia profunda foi alcançada em tempo inferior a 1,5 minuto para todas as concentrações, com recuperação mais rápida e sem mortalidade para 50mg L-1. Para indução à anestesia cirúrgica, foram registrados menores tempos nas concentrações 75 e 100mg L-1; porém, com mortalidade de 80% e 100%, respectivamente. A concentração 50mg L-1 promoveu anestesia cirúrgica e recuperação em 3,29±0,71 e 4,97±0,63 minutos, respectivamente, sem mortalidade. Concluiu-se que o óleo de cravo possui efeito anestésico para alevinos de lambari, sendo 50mg L-1 a concentração eficiente e segura para indução à anestesia profunda em até 1,5 minuto e de anestesia cirúrgica em até 3,3 minutos de exposição.The anesthetic effect of clove oil on lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) was evaluated by exposing five groups of 30 fry (0.6±0.1g) to concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150mg L-1 and measuring the induction time to deep anesthesia (characterized by loss of equilibrium, absence of swimming, reduction of opercular movements, and responses only to intense tactile stimuli), recovery time, and mortality rate after exposure. Another phase of the experiment (10 fish/treatment) involved recording the induction time and recovering after surgical anesthesia (slow irregular opercular movements and loss of reaction to stimuli), and mortality rates after six minutes of exposure to each concentration of clove oil. Induction time decreased linearly (0.01 minute for each mg of additional anesthetic) and recovery time increased quadratically as the concentration increased (maximum estimated response in 7.1 minutes). Deep anesthesia occurred in less than 1.5 minute at all the concentrations, with faster recovery and zero mortality at 50mg L-1. The fastest induction to deep anesthesia occurred at concentrations of 75 and 100mg L-1, but resulted in mortality rates of 80% and 100%, respectively. The 50mg L-1 concentration resulted in surgical anesthesia in 3.29±0.71 minutes and recovery in 4.97±0.63 minutes, without mortality. It was concluded that clove oil has an anesthetic effect on lambari and that 50mg L-1 is an efficient and safe concentration for inducing deep anesthesia in up to 1.5 minute and surgical anesthesia in up to 3,3 minutes of exposure.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da benzocaína e do eugenol como anestésicos para juvenis de Trachinotus marginatus. Foram testadas concentrações de 25, 50, 75, 100 e 150ppm de benzocaína e de 25, 37,5, 50, 62,5 e 75ppm de eugenol. Os testes foram realizados em aquários de vidro contendo 30l de água (salinidade 30‰ e temperatura 19°C). Os peixes (51,4±13,5g) foram expostos individualmente às diferentes concentrações de cada anestésico (n=5 para cada concentração). Enquanto ainda anestesiados, eles foram medidos e pesados para posteriormente serem colocados em um aquário sem anestésico para recuperação. Posteriormente, os peixes foram colocados em um aquário sem anestésico para observação da recuperação. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados foi feito pela Análise de Variância (One-Way - ANOVA) com 95% de significância e, quando encontradas diferenças significativas, o teste de Duncan foi aplicado. Os períodos para atingir a latência para os juvenis de pampos variaram entre 11min para a concentração de 25ppm e 2min na concentração de 150ppm para a benzocaína e de 10min (25ppm) a 2min (75ppm) para o eugenol. Os tempos de recuperação foram entre 3min para 25ppm e 14min para a concentração de 150ppm para a benzocaína e de 2min (25ppm) a 8min (75ppm) para o eugenol. A dose de 50ppm de benzocaína e eugenol proporcionou um período de latência e recuperação dentro da faixa considerada adequada (3mim para a latência e 5mim para a recuperação). Entretanto, é importante salientar que o custo da benzocaína para anestesiar juvenis de pampo é 1/3 inferior ao custo do eugenol.The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of benzocaine and eugenol as anesthetics for Trachinotus marginatus juveniles. Five concentrations of benzocaine (25, 50, 75, 100, and 150ppm) and eugenol (25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, and 75ppm) were tested. The trials were conducted in glass aquariums filled with 30l seawater (salinity 30‰ and temperature 19°C). The fish (51.4±13.5g) were individually exposed to different concentrations of each anesthetic (n=5 for each concentration). They were measured and weighed under anesthesia, and then returned to another aquarium without anesthetic for recovery. The results were evaluated using Analyses of Variance (One-Way - ANOVA) followed by the test of Duncan (95% confidence level) when necessary. Anesthesia time varied from approximately 11min (25ppm) to 2min (150ppm) for benzocaine, and from 10min (25ppm) to 2min (75ppm) for eugenol. Recovery time ranged from 3min (25ppm) to 14min (150ppm) for benzocaine and from 2min (25ppm) to 8min (75ppm) for eugenol. Benzocaine and eugenol, both at 50ppm, induce quick anesthesia and recovery (3mim for anesthesia and 5mim for recovery) for juvenile Trachinotus marginatus, and therefore are considered efficient anesthetics for this species. However, it is important to emphasize that the cost of benzocaine is 1/3 lower than eugenol to anesthetize juvenile pompano.

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade, para búfalos (Bubalus bubalis), de testes de avaliação de temperamento, utilizados para bovinos. Foram avaliados os testes de docilidade, teste de reação a objetos novos, de tronco e de isolamento social em 12 bezerros e suas 12 mães, separadamente. Tanto os bezerros como suas mães responderam a todos os testes com vários comportamentos. Para os bezerros e as mães, os testes que promoveram maior número de comportamentos foram o de tronco e de reação a objetos novos. Houve diferenças individuais (coeficiente de variação de 32-51%) nos resultados de todos os testes tanto nos bezerros como nas mães. Os resultados individuais, em testes de isolamento social e de reação a objetos novos apresentaram correlação positiva tanto com as mães (rs = 0,76, P< 0,01) quanto com os bezerros (rs = 0,66, P< 0,01). Baseados em sensibilidade, relevância e aplicabilidade, o teste de isolamento social e o teste de tronco podem ser sugeridos para avaliarem o temperamento de bubalinos.The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of temperament tests commonly used in bovines for water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The tests for docility, reaction to a novel object, squeeze cage and social isolation were applied individually with 12 calves and their 12 mothers. Both calves and their mothers responded to all tests with a variety of behaviors. The tests that elicited the larger number of behaviors were the squeeze cage and the novel object. There were large individual differences (coefficients of variation of 32-51%) in the scores for all tests for calves and adults. The individual scores for the tests of isolation and novel object were significantly correlated for calves (rs = 0.66, P< 0.01) and adults (rs = 0.76, P< 0.01). Using the criteria of sensitivity (range of individual differences), responsiveness and applicability, the squeeze cage test and the isolation test seem well suited for water buffaloes.

. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo em três diferentes coberturas vegetais e em duas profundidades. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Alegre (EAFA), município de Alegre - ES, Brasil. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três coberturas vegetais, solo descoberto, manga (Mangifera indica L.), café (Coffea canephora Pierre.) e por duas profundidades ( 0 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m). Para cada cobertura vegetal, foram coletadas cinco amostras deformadas aleatoriamente distribuídas na área. O uso excessivo ao longo dos 10 anos no solo descoberto antes ocupado com horticultura, fez com que apresentasse valores maiores de areia fina e argila em relação aos outras coberturas de solo. A profundidade de 0 a 0,20 m apresentou maiores teores de areia grossa, areia fina em relação à profundidade de 0,20 a 0,40m. A argila apresentou maior concentração na profundidade de 0,20 a 0,40m e a argila dispersa em água apresentou concentrações diferentes nos ambientes avaliados.The objective of this study was to evaluate the modifications of the physical attributes of a Red-Yellow Latossol (Oxisol) in three different vegetable coverings and two depths. The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Farm of Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Alegre (EAFA), Alegre City - ES, Brazil . The treatments were constituted by three vegetable coverings, soil discovered, Mangifera indica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre with two differents depths (0-0.20 and 0.20- 0.40 m). For each vegetable covering, five samples had been collected deformed distributed at random in the area. The extreme use to the long one of the 10 years in the soil discovered before busy with horticulture, made with that it presented values of fine bigger sand and clay in relation to the other soils coverings. The depth of 0 - 0.20 m presented greaters thick sand texts, fine sand in relation to the depth of 0.20 -0.40 m. The clay presented higher concentration in the depth of 0.20- 0.40 m and the dispersed clay in water presented concentration difference in evaluated environments.

Este estudo busca enfatizar como o bem-estar animal pode influenciar nos sistemas produtivos pecuários e no produto final - a carne bovina. Surge da preocupação com as condições que os bovinos são manejados e chegam para abate nos frigoríficos, ocasionando prejuízos a todos os agentes da cadeia produtiva e da necessidade de obtenção de produtos seguros, com qualidade, e produzidos de forma sustentável e ambientalmente correta. Um bom manejo durante todo o sistema de criação se reflete na qualidade da carne. Ao se agregar qualidade, mesmo que por meio de características pouco identificáveis, promove-se a diferenciação do produto. Com certeza, assim como os prejuízos ocasionados pelo manejo inadequado, os ganhos da diferenciação, por meio de práticas de bem-estar animal, poderão ser compartilhados por todos os agentes da cadeia produtiva.This paper aims to emphasize how the animal welfare can influence the cattle productive systems and in the final beef product. The study emerges from the preoccupation with the conditions that the cattle is handled and arrive for slaughter in the cold storage room. Impairing all the productive chain agentes, and the necessity to obtain safe products, with quality and produced in a sustainable and environmentally correct way. A good handling during all the breeding systems reflects in the meat quality. Aggregating quality, though by means of not very identifiable characteristics, the product diferenciation is promoted. For sure, as well as the impairment caused by the inadequate handling, the profits of diferenciation, by means of animal welfare practices, could be shared by all the agents of the productive chain.

Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência de anestésicos naturais na indução à anestesia de juvenis de pacu. Foram avaliadas quatro concentrações de mentol (50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1), quatro de eugenol (10, 25, 50 e 100 mg L-1) e uma de benzocaína (100 mg L-1). Durante o procedimento de anestesia, foram monitorados e avaliados quatro estágios de sedação, da redução dos movimentos operculares até a perda total de reação à manipulação. Após o procedimento de biometria, foram avaliados o tempo de recuperação e a mortalidade até48h após anestesia. As concentrações de 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de mentol e as concentrações de 50 e 100 mg L-1 de eugenol apresentaram tempos de indução à anestesia e recuperação similares aos da benzocaína. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o mentol e o eugenol são anestésicos eficientes para pacus em substituição à benzocaína, sugerindo a concentração de 100 mg L-1 de mentol e 50 mg L-1 de eugenol.This study aimed to verify the efficacy of natural anestheticinduction of pacu juveniles. Were evaluated four menthol (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1), four eugenol (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and one benzocaine (100 mg L-1) concentrations. During the anesthetic procedure, four sedative stages were monitored and evaluated until no reaction of the fish to handling was registered. After performingbiometric evaluation on the anesthetized fish, were recorded the recovery time and mortality rate up to 48 hours after the anesthetic experiments. Concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of menthol, 50 and 100 mg L-1 of eugenol showed anesthetic induction timeand recovery time similar to that of benzocaine. The obtained results showed that menthol and eugenol are efficient anesthetics for pacu juveniles in substitution of benzocaine, suggesting the concentration of 100 mg L-1 of menthol and 50 mg L-1 of eugenol.

As técnicas do plantio direto são complementares às atuais técnicas de conservação do solo, que envolvem menor mobilização e permanência de cobertura vegetal na superfície do solo. O trabalho foi realizado na UNESP - Jaboticabal, de novembro de 2003 a março de 2004, e teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de culturas, manejos e marchas do trator na semeadura da soja no plantio direto. O delineamento utilizado para instalação do experimento foi em blocos ao acaso, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram analisados: estande inicial, distribuição longitudinal de plantas, resistência mecânica à penetração, densidade e teor de água no solo. O estande inicial não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. A distribuição longitudinal das plantas foi afetada pela marcha do trator. A resistência do solo à penetração sofreu efeito apenas na camada de 0,20 a 0,25 m na interação culturas, manejos e marchas do trator. A interação culturas e manejos na camada de 0,10 a 0,20 m para densidade indicou a presença de resistência maior do que 0 a 0,10 m e de 0,20 a 0,30 m. O teor de água no solo foi menor nas camadas superficiais do solo, influenciado pelos manejos.The techniques of the no tillage are complemental to the current techniques of conservation of the soil, which involve smaller mobilization and larger amount of vegetable covering in the surface of the soil. The work was accomplished in UNESP - Jaboticabal, Brazil, of November from 2003 to march of 2004 and had as objective evaluates the effect of cultures, handlings and marches of the set tractor-seeder in the sowing of the soybean in no tillage. The used experimental for installation was randomized block design in split-split-plot, with four replications. It was analyzed: initial stand, seed spacing uniformity, resistance to penetration, bulk density and soil moisture. The initial stand was not influenced by the treatments. The seed spacing uniformity was affected by the march of the tractor-seeder. The resistance to penetration suffered effect just in the layer from 0.20 to 0.25 m in the interaction cultures, handlings and marches of the tractor. The interaction cultures and handlings in the layer from 0.10 to 0.20 m for bulk density indicated the presence of compacted layer than 0 to 0.10 m and 0.20 to 0.30 m. The soil moisture was smaller in the superficial layers of the soil influenced by the handlings.

Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a eficiência do eugenol como anestésico em juvenis de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) através de ensaios. No primeiro, os peixes (n=6) foram individualmente expostos a concentrações de 25, 50, 75, 100 mg L-1 de eugenol durante 10 minutos e os parâmetros de observação estabelecidos foram: perda de equilíbrio, efeito calmante e redução do movimento opercular. No segundo ensaio, foram utilizadas as concentrações de 50, 75, 100 mg L-1 de eugenol, em que os animais foram mantidos na água com anestésico até atingirem o estágio IV de anestesia: perda total de equilíbrio, do tônus muscular e redução dos movimentos operculares. A recuperação foi conduzida em um aquário, contendo 10 litros de água livre de anestésico, com aeração constante. Após os dois ensaios, foi constatada a eficiência do eugenol como substância anestésica em juvenis de pintado, sendo a concentração de 50 mg L-1 considerada a mais adequada para procedimentos usuais no manejo desses animais em piscicultura.In this work the efficacy of eugenol as an anaesthetic in Pintado juveniles (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) was evaluated by two experimental assays. In the first one, the animals (n=6) were exposed for 10 minutes to four concentrations of eugenol (25; 50; 75; 100 mg L-1). The observed behavioral patterns were: loss of equilibrium, sedative effect and reduction of opercular movement. In the secondassay, the concentrations of 50; 75; 100 mg L-1 of eugenol were tested. The animals were maintained in the anaesthetic bath until they reached the stage of anaesthesia IV: total loss of equilibrium, muscle tonus and reduction of opercular movement. The recovery wasconducted in an aquarium containing 10 liters of anaesthetic free water, with constant aeration. The efficacy of clove oil as an anaestetics for Pintado juveniles were demonstrated after the assays and the 50 mg L-1 concentration was defined as the most adequate to usual proceedings in the handling of these animals.

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) is as an important component to the area-wide integrated management of the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which was successfully implemented in the Western Cape region of South Africa and subsequently expanded to citrus areas in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. This integrated control program, which transports sterile moths from a rearing facility in Citrusdal, South Africa to orchards in both the Western and Eastern Cape, must continuously examine production, handling, processing, transport, and release protocols to ensure the delivery of high-quality sterile moths. While the use of cold temperature to immobilize moths is standard protocol for SIT programs to increase the density of moths for purposes of collecting, handling, irradiation, transport and release, some concern has been raised that rapid chilling and long cold temperature storage of moths may negatively impact field performance of some insectary-reared insects. We conducted trials to examine the effect of irradiation with 150 Gy of gamma rays and cold temperature storage on the performance of T. leucotreta moths released in citrus orchards. The radiation treatment did not significantly affect the performance of T. leucotreta moths released in citrus orchards. However, compared with moths held at room temperature, moths that were rapidly chilled were less likely to be captured in pheromone traps and less likely to disperse as great distances following release in citrus orchards. Additional research is needed to identify an alternative to rapid chilling and cold temperature storage that does not impair mating competitiveness and dispersal of irradiated T. Leucotreta adults. Procedural changes that will maintain or enhance sterile T. leucotreta moth quality and performance in the field, while allowing for the cost-effective handling and processing of the sterile moths, need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Os anestésicos são importantes na piscicultura para reduzir o estresse e a mortalidade no manejo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a eficácia do mentol para tambaqui durante o manejo. Na primeira série de testes, foi examinado o efeito da concentração de anestésico sobre indução à anestesia e o estresse de tambaqui. Na segunda série de testes, foi avaliada a recuperação dos peixes após a exposição a uma concentração de 150 mg/L de mentol por diferentes tempos. Na terceira série, foi avaliada se a melhor concentração encontrada para juvenil (150 mg/L) também era adequada para peixes maiores. A melhor concentração para uma anestesia cirúrgica foi 150 mg/L, pois o tempo de indução é rápido, porém a recuperação é significativamente mais demorada do que para as menores concentrações testadas. Para uma anestesia, com finalidade de biometria, a melhor concentração foi 100 mg/L. Nesta concentração o tempo de indução à anestesia é prolongado, porém o tempo de recuperação está dentro da faixa considerada adequada. O tempo de recuperação do tambaqui quando exposto a 150 mg/L é significativamente igual para 10, 20 e 30 minutos de anestesia. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o mentol é um anestésico eficiente para o tambaqui.Anesthetics are important in fish culture to reduce handling stress and mortality. The objective of this work is to investigate menthol as an anesthetic for tambaqui. In the first series of tests, fish were exposed to various concentrations of menthol to evaluate induction time and stress responses. The second series examined the effect of exposure period to menthol at 150 mg/L on recovery time. The third assessed the best dosage for juveniles in larger tambaqui. The best concentration for surgical anesthesia is 150 mg/L. At this concentration the induction time is short, but their recovery time is significantly longer than that for lower concentrations. For biometry procedures, the best concentration is 100 mg/L. At this concentration the induction time is prolonged, but the recovery time is within the desired period. Recovery time for fish exposed to 150 mg/L is equal for 10, 20 or 30 minutes of exposure. The results confirmed that menthol is an adequate anesthetic for tambaqui.

O ensacamento é uma operação de extrema importância no cultivo da nespereira por proporcionar qualidade à colheita de frutas, além de permitir uma minimização na utilização de produtos químicos. Entretanto, ainda existe carência de informações quanto ao momento adequado de realizar a operação, principalmente considerando-se o estádio limite de ensacamento em que se podem obter frutos de qualidade comercial. Em função do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos frutos ensacados de cultivares de nespereiras em diferentes estádios. Avaliaram-se as cultivares 'Mizuho', 'Mizumo', 'Mizauto', 'Centenária', 'Néctar de Cristal' e a seleção IAC NE-3 a três estádios de ensacamento, ou seja, quando os diâmetros médios deles atingiram 0,5cm, 1,0cm e 1,5cm. Após os frutos atingirem o tamanho de acordo com cada tratamento, realizou-se o ensacamento das panículas, utilizando papel jornal. Quando maduros, os frutos foram colhidos e avaliados quanto ao comprimento, diâmetro e massa do fruto, presença de danos internos e externos. O ensacamento em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento interferiu na qualidade dos frutos de nespereira. Frutos ensacados com diâmetros entre 0,5 e 1,0cm foram os que apresentaram a melhor qualidade comercial. A seleção IAC NE-3 se destacou entre as nespereiras quanto às dimensões dos frutos.The bagging is an operation of extreme importance in the loquat culture because it provides fruit quality, and allows minimization of chemical products use. However, there is still lack of information, related to the adequate moment to carry through the operation, especially considering the limit of bagging stage, in which there are fruits of marketable quality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of bagged fruits of loquat cultivars in different stadiums of development. The cultivars 'Mizuho', 'Mizumo', 'Mizauto', 'Centennial', 'Crystal Nectar' and selection IAC NE-3 were evaluated in three stages of bagging, that is, when fruits reached an average diameter of 0.5cm, 1.0cm and 1.5cm. After fruits reached the size in accordance to each treatment, the panicles were bagged using newsprint. When mature, the fruits were harvested and evaluated regardless to length, diameter and fruit mass, presence of internal and external damages. The bagging at different developmental stages interfered in the quality of loquat fruit. bagged with diameters between 0.5 and 1.0cm were the ones that had presented the best commercial quality. The IAC NE-3 selection detached e among the loquat fruit due to its dimensions.

Several studies have shown some features about the life cycle of the butterfly Ascia monuste monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) emphasizing on its role and ecological relationships in the ecosystem which this specie inhabits. Simultaneously, valuable information from those studies have been used in order to generate guidelines and suitable strategies to define it real zootechnical potential due to the increasing demand of this kind of products from specialized markets. In the paper, an animal farming model was established in: 1. Controlled environment (ex situ CON) and 2. Natural conditions (in situ NAT), evaluated the effect of environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity - RH), culture practices (host and nutritious plants, predators and survival at different ages of the life cycle). Under ex situ CON environment (23 ºC, RH: 72%), the individuals were able to reproduce and these conditions were founded as optimal for life cycle development of the specie. A higher mortality was observed in NAT environment (CON, 42.8% vs NAT, 60.7%, p Ë‚ 0.05) from egg to caterpillar stage. No differences (p Ë‚ 0.05) were founded in survival during the transitions from caterpillar to pupa stage, the same from pupa to adult butterfly stage. In overall, ex situ CON environment showed less mortality along the specie life than the in situ NAT conditions (33.4% vs. 51.1%). Conversely, life cycle in in situ NAT conditions was better than controlled conditions: 26.2 and 27.2 days respectively. According to results obtained in this study, it is concluded that farming of A. monuste monuste is feasible under controlled environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wooden plough with oxen is widespread in the milpas of Central Valleys of Oaxaca. The ploughmen often have problems with the operation of this plough since this has problems of instability during the furrowing. For this reason, the photos were taken during the furrowing with the purpose of watching the ploughman handling during tillage. Then, these data were analyzed for establishing the free body diagrams of the plough. Therefore, it was got four free body diagrams and their equations of static equilibrium. Consequently, the wooden plough was tested for obtaining the draught force through tillage and so doing the relation between actual and computed draught forces. The results show the high draught forces variability in the two circumstances. Finally, it is found that the ploughman handling is related to the high and low draught forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed to understand the meaning of childhood asthma by family members during the exacerbation of symptoms. Qualitative study in Fortaleza-Ce. Data collection took place between August and November 2014 by 14 semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was performed, and then, the following categories emerged: meanings attributed to asthma; triggers that exacerbate asthma symptoms; Family impression about the daily obstacles of children with asthma. Health professionals working in a pediatric emergency need to know the real needs of this clientele, in order to improve customer service and thereby minimize acute events and exacerbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The behavior and management indicators consist in non-invasive quantitative criteria for cattle, which allow tracking during the inspection, surveillance and control activities by the sanitary authorities in slaughter plants. In turn, they may be part of the programs of quality assurance in the industry during its implementation, improvement and audit, in order to avoid economic losses, facilitate the management of livestock, ensure the meat safety and prevent occupational hazards. The variables measured are: 1) Percentage of animals effectively stunned in the first attempt; 2) percentage of animals that remain stunned; 3) percentage that vocalizes during conduction; 4) percentage that fall during handling; and 5) percentage moved with an electric goad. The scoring system is a standardized measurement that can be easily implemented in both large and small bovines slaughter plants. The aim of this review was to present and propose behavior indicators in the stunning box and sensitivity to animals that remain stunned; 3) percentage that vocalizes during conduction; 4) percentage that fall during handling; and 5) percentage moved with an electric goad. The scoring system is a standardized measurement that can be easily implemented in both large and small bovines slaughter plants. The aim of this review was to present and propose behavior indicators in the stunning box and sensitivity to assess animal welfare during the cattle slaughter in commercial plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practice of partial defoliation in vineyards has as main objectives increase sunlight and ventilation for the fruit, aiming to improve color and maturity in red grapes and helping to reduce fungal diseases, which should result in better wine quality. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation on the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines from Dom Pedrito, on the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The grapes were harvested in March 2008 from a commercial vineyard planted in the trellis system. The defoliation intensity was of 20% and performed only on the side of the vineyard that received the morning sun and when the berry was in the pea-size. The musts were fermented in small lots, in triplicate, with temperature control and remained on the skins for eight days. The results showed that musts of the treatment with defoliation had lower values of pH and higher total acidity. The phenolic content of grape skins and wines was significantly higher for those submitted to defoliation. The defoliation also resulted in wines with greater color intensity, anthocyanins, extract content and reducing sugar, and lower nitrogen content. In wines, there were no significant differences between treatments for total and volatile acidity, pH, alcohol, density, reducing extract and potassium content. As a conclusion, these results might suggest that partial defoliation, as it was done in this vineyard, improves wine quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is a fish that may achieve more than 2m and 100kg. Thus handling of this fish may impose risks to workers. In this way, anesthetics are imperative for safety at work, but usual anesthetics baths are not feasible for pirarucu because of the fish size and the species pulmonary respiration. Pirarucu may die drowned if submersed as the other fishes in anesthetics baths. Therefore, this work tested the possible use of benzocaine directly sprinkled in the gills of pirarucu. In the first experiment, benzocaine solutions in concentrations of 25, 50 and 75mg L-1 were tested for adult fish (55.1±7.0kg e 1.80±0.1m). In the second one, the anesthetic in concentrations of 50 and 100mg L-1 were tested for juveniles (6.0±0.6kg e 87.2±5.6cm). Benzocaine sprinkled directly in the gills of pirarucu showed to be an efficient anesthetic both for juveniles and adult fish. It was observed absence of movements during 2min, time enough for most handling procedures. No mortality occurred even one month after experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anesthetic effect of clove oil on lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) was evaluated by exposing five groups of 30 fry (0.6±0.1g) to concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150mg L-1 and measuring the induction time to deep anesthesia (characterized by loss of equilibrium, absence of swimming, reduction of opercular movements, and responses only to intense tactile stimuli), recovery time, and mortality rate after exposure. Another phase of the experiment (10 fish/treatment) involved recording the induction time and recovering after surgical anesthesia (slow irregular opercular movements and loss of reaction to stimuli), and mortality rates after six minutes of exposure to each concentration of clove oil. Induction time decreased linearly (0.01 minute for each mg of additional anesthetic) and recovery time increased quadratically as the concentration increased (maximum estimated response in 7.1 minutes). Deep anesthesia occurred in less than 1.5 minute at all the concentrations, with faster recovery and zero mortality at 50mg L-1. The fastest induction to deep anesthesia occurred at concentrations of 75 and 100mg L-1, but resulted in mortality rates of 80% and 100%, respectively. The 50mg L-1 concentration resulted in surgical anesthesia in 3.29±0.71 minutes and recovery in 4.97±0.63 minutes, without mortality. It was concluded that clove oil has an anesthetic effect on lambari and that 50mg L-1 is an efficient and safe concentration for inducing deep anesthesia in up to 1.5 minute and surgical anesthesia in up to 3,3 minutes of exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time and motion studies to identify the causes that decrease the performance of logging equipment during the harvest, diagrams routine movements to determine the cycles (production unit) to get the optimum performance each group studied. Statistical analysis was performed using a multiple linear regression can predict the behavior of variables and formulate a mathematical model that predicts the performance of each team, depending on different variables such as slope, distance Woodlot and cargo carried. We designed a mathematical model that predicts yields Woodlot operations to an average distance of 250 meters, slopes between 30 and 45% in plantations of Pinus tecunumanii, oocarpa Pinus, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)