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The sustainability of cultural heritage resources is strongly linked to the effective participation of local communities in the conservation and management of these resources. This forms the basis for undertaken this project in the selected communities in Ondo and Ekiti State of Yoruba ethnic groups of South Western Nigeria. Multiple research methods were employed for this study including Key Informants Interview and administration of structured questionnaire to the purposively selected respondents. A sample of 768 respondents was selected from the total population of 895,406 using sample determination method. The selection of respondents was based on their proximity to the resources, their local knowledge, communal ownership, disposition and willingness to participate in the study. The data collected was rated on a 5 point Likert scale and then subjected to the weighted mean analysis. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to test hypotheses in order to established relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and level of community participation. Output from this research, emphasizes the need to improve the state of heritage properties through effective conservation and sustainable management practices and increasing community involvement and participation. This will serve as a blueprint and developmental framework for policymakers in heritage resources conservation and management with the intention of linking these resources to increase direct economic benefits to local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage is a highly malleable concept that is constantly in flux and whose substance and meaning are continuously being redefined by society. From such a dynamic perspective, it is inevitable that new approaches and practices have developed for dealing with heritage in the context of planned development. While most scholars acknowledge the existence of various heritage approaches, one of the major defining features is often neglected: their distinctive outlook on spatial dynamics. In this article, the shifting role and purpose of heritage conservation in Dutch spatial planning is analysed. A conceptual framework is introduced that frames three approaches to the planning treatment of heritage; the sector, factor and vector approach, respectively. Although these approaches have developed in a historical sequence, the new did not replace the old but rather gained ground amongst different actors. Thus, three quite different ways of treating the past in the present now coexist in Dutch planning practice. Although this coexistence can raise conflict, we argue that contemporary heritage planning does not call for a one-size-fits-all approach, but rather for a mixed-mode model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty-first century has witnessed significant changes in heritage management practice and scholarship. This paper suggests that many of these innovations and changes have emerged as a consequence of protest or provocation from groups outside the established heritage profession. While the centre and the periphery are relative terms, the periphery in heritage can be regarded as geographic and spatial but also political, social and cultural. The periphery might therefore include regional or minority communities, indigenous peoples, regional and remote areas or even fields of scholarship. The periphery is thus a socio-political space that reflects power inequalities and differential rights from those at the centre. Where the periphery is able to critique the centre, the relationship between the two is renegotiated. This paper suggests that in moving between the centre and the periphery, innovations in heritage emerge. While heritage regimes have undergone significant reformation, this paper suggests that it is the periphery that has advocated, and acted as the catalyst, for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to bridge the epistemological gap between heritage and tourism in understanding (and describing) the link between what is protected in heritage and what is a sustainable use of heritage as a tourism resource. This is accomplished by focusing on the socio-cultural dimension of heritage.Design/methodology/approach Three case studies involving UNESCO World Heritage sites and representing different stages of tourism development from three different developing economies are discussed. The case studies are based on the author’s extensive monitoring and evaluation of World Heritage Site management over the course of a decade, including tourism management, and they feature in-depth discussions with government heritage authorities and with heritage and tourism experts and stakeholders; observation and monitoring activities; and review of policy and project documents, heritage and tourism plans, UNESCO and other professional bodies’ reports and academic research works.Findings A symbiotic relationship between the environment, people and economy and the multi-sectoral nature of the tourism industry makes achieving sustainable development goals almost impossible unless there is a coordinated and integrated approach by the all parties involved, especially in culturally and naturally sensitive areas. The spirit of place is used as a conceptual framework in the application of systems. Theories seem to be the way forward for a sustainable management of tourism in such areas.Originality/value The paper addresses an important and under-researched aspect of tourism-heritage encounters: How the socio-cultural impacts of tourism affect the value of cultural heritage, especially in the context of developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the scope of the U.S. National Park Service's (NPS) cultural heritage management as of March 2017, highlighting its international relationships. The responsibilities of the NPS are discussed which is responsible for protecting archaeological resources and their heritage values. Also tackled are the NPS' method of heritage protection, its 100th anniversary in 2016, and its cooperation with foreign governments.

Nueva Tabarca island is significant for the fields of Geography and Territorial Planning due to the changes that have occurred in its urban and social fabric and terrestrial and marine environment over the last three hundred years. Its most remarkable aspect has been the manner in which imposed urban projects have modified its form and function. From the construction of a planned utopian city to the tourist boom and urban speculation of the late 20th Century, the island has been a testing ground in which residents have had to adapt to the changing conditions, reflecting successive trends in the region economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on Italy's repatriation approach also known as the negotiated return of artworks and artifacts to the country of origin, and the aspects of cultural internationalism. Topics include the issue on how the country applied intimidation and pressure tactics in winning back their artifacts, the assessment of the cultural policy which deals with the nation's role in the repatriation claims, and the frameworks of the country's cultural heritage management which include customs.

The article presents a discussion on cultural heritage plans of Beijing, China including the development of the industrial structures and the social administration. Also discusses the standards system for cultural heritage conservation, lack of trained professionals and the requirements for the cultural heritage conservation.

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2012, Australian cultural heritage practitioners and conservation scientists collaborated on a national underwater cultural heritage (UCH) reburial project, known as the Australian Historic Shipwreck Preservation Project (AHSPP) funded by the Australian Research Council. This resulted in the excavation, documentation and reburial of the 'at risk' shipwreck Clarence. Following the excavation, the site and associated artefacts were reburied and subsequently covered by shade cloth and finally, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tarpaulins. After completion of the in situ reburial, a number of critical issues were put into sharp relief including: what constitutes the accurate identification of a site as being 'at risk'; and the implications of 'rapid reburial'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translocation project, in conservation perspective, is the transfer of a historic objects in another location. It is performed only in exceptional cases, ie. if this is the only way to save the cultural heritage object from destruction. In the author's opinion, translocation constitutes a specific type of economic project which requires proper management of its subsequent phases. Indication of the main features of such project and specify the stages of implementation, are decisive and perform a vital role in the efficiency and effectiveness of the undertaken translocation operations. Therefore, in this article, author will attempt to identify and indicate the framework of subsequent stages (phases) and strategic operations in implementing translocation projects of historic objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the Thai government's management of archaeological heritage as of March 2017. Topics include the history of heritage management and conservation in the country, Thailand's cultural heritage, and King Rama IV's enactment of a law to protect Thai cultural heritage. It argues that Thai archaeological heritage management must be improved to address several problems such as looting and land alteration for agriculture.

The article examines the definition and management of indigenous archaeological heritage in Australia as of March 2017. Topics include Europe's colonization of Australia in the late 1700s, the management of the heritage of indigenous and nonidigenous people, and the impact of urbanization on Aboriginal cultural heritage. Also tackled are the social value of heritage, the impact of the mining sector on archaeological heritage, and indigenous activism.

This essay describes the work of the Butrint Foundation between 1993-2012, as it developed a major archaeological research project in post-communist Albania that included creating an archaeological park with its own administrative authority. This history attempts to be reflexive, defining four phases from the initial collaboration to the end of the Foundation's active operations at Butrint. The essay sets the experiences of the Foundation against the backdrop of changing attitudes to cultural heritage practice in Albania as the newly democratic republic became more stable. The conclusion considers how the experience at Butrint might inform future capacity building in archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To get the support of local communities for the Majella National Park in the Italian Abruzzo region, the park administration decided to celebrate the relationship between human activity and nature. This was to be done through developing a "new rural culture." Using the memories and reminiscences of local inhabitants, and involving farmers in the reintroduction of fruits, vegetables and cereals that had formerly been grown in the area, local communities were encouraged to take an active part in landscape management. This study addresses how the promotion of local food was employed as a strategy to gain support for management regimes. The results indicate that the initiation of localized food production served to realize the political goals for sustainability and rural development. However, while those farmers, shop-keepers and restaurateurs who have been involved in management concur with the strategies for safeguarding natural and cultural heritage, other entrepreneurs feel marginalized and undervalued, becoming more skeptical of the park with the passage of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is clear from what we know about the various deposits of mineral resources in Poland that Polish mountain areas are rich in minerals. This applies especially to the Sudetes, the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, and some areas of the Carpathians. They were or still are the site of mining activity in many of its forms (underground, surface and hole mining). These activities have various effects, such as changing the specific spatial elements and interference with the natural and cultural landscape. This is particularly important in the mountain regions which are attractive to the tourist and fulfil recreational and spa functions. From the analysis of the Polish law a conclusion can be drawn that mining activity is generally excluded from the planning system, which has a significant impact on the mountain area and on a subsequent use of post-mining heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Turkey’s cultural heritage system from the perspective of the ‘Heritage Chain’, which sees the heritage sector as an interconnected series of relationships and activities including protection and conservation, archaeological activity, research and museum presentation. By reviewing quantitative data along each step of the chain, we construct a holistic perspective that shows interrelationships between activities and illustrates which parts of the system are underdeveloped. By demonstrating the effects of Turkey’s distinct combination of bureaucratic fragmentation and centralisation on professional practice among conservators, archaeologists and museums, we argue for increased attention to administrative issues within heritage studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitute powerful tools for urban management and planning. The possibilities to improve the studies and analysis of urban patrimonial sites are remarkable. Vista Alegre district in the city of Santiago de Cuba shows great qualities in both, urban layout and architecture. Nowadays this heritage shows a progressive damage because of the deficiency in the management of the site's information, among other causes. This paper describes the results through the methodological process for the implementation of a GIS, organized in two phases: structuring and utilization. Proposed GIS integrates the urban information and improves the management, updating and interconnection of data in order to contribute to the site's management, considering variables of analysis for the evaluation of the current conditions of the constructive patrimony, also the management of the site not only as a touristic resource but also scene of disaster hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing recognition that many of today's environmental challenges will be addressed most effectively if management is conducted at landscape or regional scales. This article describes the development of a theoretical framework of one approach to such management, namely, U.S. National Heritage Areas (NHAs). This well-established federal approach enables communities to retain local management but receive national attention and stature through congressional designation. NHAs create networks of private and public partners, including the National Park Service, that engage new constituencies in the stewardship of nationally significant landscapes. The framework synthesizes common characteristics of heritage areas identified from in-depth case studies of three NHAs and further analysis by researchers and prominent NHA managers. Findings from this project emphasize the importance of three factors for future NHA and related landscape-scale efforts: (1) use of “heritage” as a public engagement strategy, (2) collaborative approaches to management, and (3) development of intersectoral networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this paper is higher education for professionals, for performing basic professional jobs in heritage institutions. The paper is based on theoretical and empirical knowledge, and its purpose is to highlight the need and ways of comprehensive reforms that would contribute to creation and permanent additional education of professional staff trained for quality work, according to contemporary principles, in archives, libraries, institutes for protection of cultural monuments and museums, which the analysis presented here have mostly dealt with. The first part of the paper is the analysis of the current international practice related to the existence of different internal professions in the heritage institutions. The analysis indicates that, along with various traditional professions, due to development, modernization and democratization of heritage activities, a whole series of the new ones emerged, including the profession of a cultural manager. Educational training for practical work is based on a variety of basic, but also on thematically directed specialist, master's and doctoral studies. It also involves institutionalization of accredited forms of further permanent education through work. The second part of the paper is focused on the analysis of the current situation in Serbia, which shows that in practice there are neither some of the traditional professions, nor a range of the new ones. It also indicates that the heritage institutions are employing a very narrow range of educational profiles and that there are insufficient educational capacities for adequate previous, university, as well as for additional, permanent specialized training, necessary for modernization of work in the heritage institutions. In accordance with these conclusions, the final part of the paper makes suggestions for further reforms of the educational system that would create a wider range of options for the previous, university education of staff needed for modernization of work in the heritage institutions, as well as for the obligatory, partly institutionalized continuing professional development through work. It is also concluded that the proposed set of measures requires existence of a well designed, explicit cultural policy at the state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social work in the UK has undergone a period of momentous change in the last decade with the introduction of a 'modernising agenda' that has increased managerial approaches to the organisation, development and delivery of services. These approaches are embedded and social workers and social work managers must find ways of working within them to synthesise appropriate responses that promote the values and cultural heritage of social work within the new context. This paper considers the possibilities offered by communities of practice to develop learning organisations in which a managed and participatory approach to social work and social care can be generated. A super-ordinate model of contending learning cultures is developed and used to create a blue print for practice that draws on a range of management and professional theories and perspectives. Successful involvement of people who use services is identified as a key feature of a more advanced approach to leading a community of practice and the effectiveness of supervision is seen as dependent on the development of a community. The approach offers a strategy forfirst line and middle managers to develop team effectiveness and improve services that is robust and not dependent on organisational initiatives and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage theory warns of the real contradiction that exists between conservation and heritage use, as if they were self-excluding terms. Nevertheless, the key to good heritage management consists precisely of finding plausible solutions to this dilemma; to overcome this contradiction and come free of the shackles of material culture. The challenge is, if anything, more demanding in current times in rapidly developing countries, as the more usual and expansive form of giving use to cultural heritage resources is through tourism. This phenomenon, which constitutes the most important cultural industry in many countries, is expected to grow in the next few years, especially in Ibero-America. As a manifestation of the social dynamism that characterizes our societies in several fields, cultural tourism contributes to the progress of conservationist culture and stimulates the improvement in conservationist practice, and consequently heritage management as a whole. Therefore, in this context of change and development it is very pertinent to reflect on how to use heritage advantageously, how to awaken individual usage (in tourism and other terms), and what other balances and consensuses will need to be reached on this subject, so that the type of development we seek can be based and supported on a real, participative and balanced cultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]