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1. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and asthma at age 8-9 years in a multi-site longitudinal study.

Author

Sherris, Allison, Loftus, Christine, Szpiro, Adam, Dearborn, Logan, Hazlehurst, Marnie, Carroll, Kecia, Moore, Paul, Adgent, Margaret, Barrett, Emily, Bush, Nicole, Day, Drew, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, LeWinn, Kaja, Nguyen, Ruby, Ni, Yu, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Morgan, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Zhao, Qi, and Karr, Catherine

Subjects
Humans, Asthma, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Sounds, Phenanthrenes, Longitudinal Studies, Pregnancy, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Male, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Abstract

Background and aimStudies suggest prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may influence wheezing or asthma in preschool-aged children. However, the impact of prenatal PAH exposure on asthma and wheeze in middle childhood remain unclear. We investigated these associations in socio-demographically diverse participants from the ECHO PATHWAYS multi-cohort consortium.MethodsWe included 1,081 birth parent-child dyads across five U.S. cities. Maternal urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolite concentrations (OH-PAH) were measured during mid-pregnancy. Asthma at age 8-9 years and wheezing trajectory across childhood were characterized by caregiver reported asthma diagnosis and asthma/wheeze symptoms. We used logistic and multinomial regression to estimate odds ratios of asthma and childhood wheezing trajectories associated with five individual OH-PAHs, adjusting for urine specific gravity, various maternal and child characteristics, study site, prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure, and birth year and season in single metabolite and mutually adjusted models. We used multiplicative interaction terms to evaluate effect modification by child sex and explored OH-PAH mixture effects through Weighted Quantile Sum regression.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma in the study population was 10%. We found limited evidence of adverse associations between pregnancy OH-PAH concentrations and asthma or wheezing trajectories. We observed adverse associations between 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene and asthma and persistent wheeze among girls, and evidence of inverse associations with asthma for 1-hydroxynathpthalene, which was stronger among boys, though tests for effect modification by child sex were not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn a large, multi-site cohort, we did not find strong evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to PAHs and child asthma at age 8-9 years, though some adverse associations were observed among girls.

Published
2024

2. Proteomic Characterization of Synaptosomes from Human Substantia Nigra Indicates Altered Mitochondrial Translation in Parkinson’s Disease

Author

Plum, Sarah, Eggers, Britta, Helling, Stefan, Stepath, Markus, Theiss, Carsten, Leite, Renata EP, Molina, Mariana, Grinberg, Lea T, Riederer, Peter, Gerlach, Manfred, May, Caroline, and Marcus, Katrin

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Parkinson's Disease, Aging, Biotechnology, Neurodegenerative, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disease Progression, Dopaminergic Neurons, Female, Humans, Male, Melanins, Metalloendopeptidases, Methionine-tRNA Ligase, Mitochondria, Parkinson Disease, Proteome, Proteomics, Substantia Nigra, Synaptosomes, Thymidine Kinase, synaptosomes, proteomics, Parkinson&#8217, s disease, substantia nigra pars compacta, mitochondrial pathology, mitochondrial translation, Parkinson’s disease, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Additionally, numerous studies indicate an altered synaptic function during disease progression. To gain new insights into the molecular processes underlying the alteration of synaptic function in PD, a proteomic study was performed. Therefore, synaptosomes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from SNpc tissue of individuals at advanced PD stages (N = 5) as well as control subjects free of pathology (N = 5) followed by mass spectrometry-based analysis. In total, 362 proteins were identified and assigned to the synaptosomal core proteome. This core proteome comprised all proteins expressed within the synapses without regard to data analysis software, gender, age, or disease. The differential analysis between control subjects and PD cases revealed that CD9 antigen was overrepresented and fourteen proteins, among them Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), mitochondrial, 39S ribosomal protein L37, neurolysin, and Methionine-tRNA ligase (MARS2) were underrepresented in PD suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial translation within synaptosomes.

Published
2020

3. Reduced blood oxygenation level dependent connectivity is related to hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Göttler, Jens, Preibisch, Christine, Riederer, Isabelle, Pasquini, Lorenzo, Alexopoulos, Panagiotis, Bohn, Karl Peter, Yakushev, Igor, Beller, Ebba, Kaczmarz, Stephan, Zimmer, Claus, Grimmer, Timo, Drzezga, Alexander, and Sorg, Christian

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Clinical Research, Aging, Neurodegenerative, Bioengineering, Brain Disorders, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hemodynamics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Oxygen, Positron-Emission Tomography, Signal Transduction, Alzheimer's disease, resting-state fMRI, blood oxygenation level dependent-functional connectivity, arterial spin labeling, F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, Alzheimer’s disease, F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Functional connectivity of blood oxygenation level dependent signal fluctuations (BOLD-FC) is decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and suggested to reflect reduced coherence in neural population activity; however, as both neuronal and vascular-hemodynamic processes underlie BOLD signals, impaired perfusion might also contribute to reduced BOLD-FC; 42 AD patients and 27 controls underwent simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Resting-state functional MRI assessed BOLD co-activity to quantify BOLD-FC, pulsed arterial spin labeling (pASL) assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) as proxy for vascular hemodynamics, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET assessed glucose metabolism (GluMet) to index neuronal activity. Patients' BOLD-FC, CBF, and GluMet were reduced within the same precuneal parietal regions. BOLD-FC was positively associated with mean CBF, specifically in patients and controlled for GluMet levels, suggesting that BOLD-FC reductions correlate with pASL-derived hypoperfusion in AD, independently from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-derived hypometabolism. Data indicate that impaired vascular hemodynamic processes contribute to reduced BOLD connectivity in AD.

Published
2019

4. Combined enrichment of neuromelanin granules and synaptosomes from human substantia nigra pars compacta tissue for proteomic analysis

Author

Plum, S, Helling, S, Theiss, C, Leite, REP, May, C, Jacob-Filho, W, Eisenacher, M, Kuhlmann, K, Meyer, HE, Riederer, P, Grinberg, LT, Gerlach, M, and Marcus, K

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Parkinson's Disease, Neurological, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Cytoplasmic Granules, Female, Humans, Male, Melanins, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Proteomics, Substantia Nigra, Synaptosomes, Neuromelanin, Density gradient, Substantia nigra pars compacta, Parkinson's disease, NM, SN, average g-force in the ultracentrifugation tube, g(av), neuromelanin, substantia nigra pars compacta, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Plant Biology, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abstract

This article gives a detailed description of a protocol using density gradient centrifugation for the enrichment of neuromelanin granules and synaptosomes from low amounts (≥0.15g) of human substantia nigra pars compacta tissue. This has a great advantage compared to already existing methods as it allows for the first time (i) a combined enrichment of neuromelanin granules and synaptosomes and (ii) just minimal amounts of tissue necessary to enable donor specific analysis. Individual specimens were classified as control or diseased according to clinical evaluation and neuropathological examination. For the enrichment of synaptosomes and neuromelanin granules from the same tissue sample density gradient centrifugations using Percoll® and Iodixanol were performed. The purity of resulting fractions was checked by transmission electron microscopy. We were able to establish a reproducible and easy to handle protocol combining two different density gradient centrifugations: using an Iodixanol gradient neuromelanin granules were enriched and in parallel, from the same sample, a fraction of synaptosomes with high purity using a Percoll® gradient was obtained. Our subfractionation strategy will enable a subsequent in depth proteomic characterization of neurodegenerative processes in the substantia nigra pars compacta in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies compared to appropriate controls.Biological significanceKey features of Parkinson's disease are the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, an associated loss of the brain pigment neuromelanin and a resulting impairment of the neuronal network. The accumulation of iron binding neuromelanin granules is age- and disease-dependent and disease specific alterations could affect the neuronal iron homeostasis leading to oxidative stress induced cell death. The focus of the described method is the analysis of neuromelanin granules as well as axonal cell-endings of nerve cells (synaptosomes) of individual donors (control and diseased). It is the basis for the identification of disease-relevant changes in the iron homeostasis and the generation of new insight into altered protein compositions or regulations which might lead to disturbed communications between nerve cells resulting in pathogenic processes.

Published
2013

5. Model-based image reconstruction with wavelet sparsity regularization for through-plane resolution restoration in Tsub2/sub-weighted spin-echo prostate MRI

Author

Eric A, Borisch, Adam T, Froemming, Roger C, Grimm, Akira, Kawashima, Joshua D, Trzasko, and Stephen J, Riederer

Subjects
Male, Phantoms, Imaging, Prostate, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pelvis
Abstract

The purpose is to develop a model-based image-reconstruction method using wavelet sparsity regularization for maintaining restoration of through-plane resolution but with improved retention of SNR versus linear reconstruction using Tikhonov (TK) regularization in high through-plane resolution (1 mm) Tsub2/sub-weighted spin-echo (T2SE) images of the prostate.A wavelet sparsity (WS)-regularized image reconstruction was developed that takes as input a set of ≈80 overlapped 3-mm-thick slices acquired using a T2SE multislice scan and typically 30 coil elements. After testing in contrast and resolution phantoms and calibration in 6 subjects, the WS reconstruction was evaluated in 16 consecutive prostate T2SE MRI exams. Results reconstructed with nominal 1-mm thickness were compared with those from the TK reconstruction with the same raw data. Results were evaluated radiologically. The ratio of magnitude of prostate signal to periprostatic muscle signal was used to assess the presence of noise reduction. Technical performance was also compared with a commercial 3D-T2SE sequence.The new WS reconstruction was assessed as superior statistically to TK for overall SNR, contrast, and multiple evaluation criteria related to sharpness while retaining the high (1 mm) through-plane resolution. Wavelet sparsity tended to provide improved overall diagnostic quality versus TK, but not significantly so. In all 16 studies, the prostate-to-muscle signal ratio increased.Model-based WS-regularized reconstruction consistently provides improved SNR in high (1 mm) through-plane resolution images of prostate T2SE MRI versus linear reconstruction using TK regularization.

Published
2022

6. Low-Dose MDCT of Patients With Spinal Instrumentation Using Sparse Sampling: Impact on Metal Artifacts

Author

Jan S. Kirschke, Peter B. Noël, Simon Schön, Thomas Baum, Nico Sollmann, Isabelle Riederer, Claus Zimmer, Kai Mei, and Bernhard Meyer

Subjects
Adult, Male, Image quality, Low Confidence, Postoperative hematoma, Iterative reconstruction, Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Spinal canal, Sampling (medicine), Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Implant failure, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Internal Fixators, Spine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Metals, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Seroma, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Artifacts, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate simulated sparse-sampled MDCT combined with statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) for low-dose imaging of patients with spinal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-eight patients with implanted hardware after spinal instrumentation (24 patients with short- or long-term instrumentation-related complications [i.e., adjacent segment disease, screw loosening or implant failure, or postoperative hematoma or seroma] and 14 control subjects with no complications) underwent MDCT. Scans were simulated as if they were performed with 50% (P50), 25% (P25), 10% (P10), and 5% (P5) of the projections of the original acquisition using an in-house-developed SIR algorithm for advanced image reconstructions. Two readers performed qualitative image evaluations of overall image quality and artifacts, image contrast, inspection of the spinal canal, and diagnostic confidence (1 = high, 2 = medium, and 3 = low confidence). RESULTS. Although overall image quality decreased and artifacts increased with reductions in the number of projections, all complications were detected by both readers when 100% of the projections of the original acquisition (P100), P50, and P25 imaging data were used. For P25 data, diagnostic confidence was still high (mean score ± SD: reader 1, 1.2 ± 0.4; reader 2, 1.3 ± 0.5), and interreader agreement was substantial to almost perfect (weighted Cohen κ = 0.787-0.855). The mean volumetric CT dose index was 3.2 mGy for P25 data in comparison with 12.6 mGy for the original acquisition (P100 data). CONCLUSION. The use of sparse sampling and SIR for low-dose MDCT in patients with spinal instrumentation facilitated considerable reductions in radiation exposure. The use of P25 data with SIR resulted in no missed complications related to spinal instrumentation and allowed high diagnostic confidence, so using only 25% of the projections is probably enough for accurate and confident diagnostic detection of major instrumentation-related complications.

Published
2021

7. Effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners on reducing indoor PM 2.5 and NH 3 in an agricultural cohort of children with asthma: A randomized intervention trial

Author

Adriana Pérez, Maria Tchong-French, Paul D. Sampson, Karen Jansen, Jennifer Krenz, Stephanie A. Farquhar, Elizabeth B. Torres, Anne M. Riederer, David Hardie, Catherine J. Karr, and Lisa R. Younglove

Subjects
Male, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, PM2.5, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Air cleaner, Article, law.invention, Cohort Studies, Dogs, children, Randomized controlled trial, law, HEPA, Environmental health, randomized trial, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Farm workers, Air Conditioning, Intervention trial, Child, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Asthma, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Agriculture, Building and Construction, asthma, medicine.disease, Air Filters, NH3, Research Design, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cohort, Cats, HEPA cleaners, Particulate Matter, business
Abstract

We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners with pre-filters designed to also reduce NH3 in non-smoking homes of children age 6-12 with asthma in Yakima Valley (Washington, USA). Participants were recruited through the Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic asthma education program. All participants received education on home triggers while intervention families additionally received two HEPA cleaners (child's sleeping area, main living area). Fourteen-day integrated samples of PM2.5 and NH3 were measured at baseline and one-year follow-up. We fit ANCOVA models to compare follow-up concentrations in HEPA versus control homes, adjusting for baseline concentrations. Seventy-one households (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Most were single-family homes, with electric heat and stove, A/C, dogs/cats, and mean (SD) 5.3 (1.8) occupants. In the sleeping area, baseline geometric mean (GSD) PM2.5 was 10.7 (2.3) µg/m3 (HEPA) versus 11.2 (1.9) µg/m3 (control); in the living area, it was 12.5 (2.3) µg/m3 (HEPA) vs. 13.6 (1.9) µg/m3 (control). Baseline sleeping area NH3 was 62.4 (1.6) µg/m3 (HEPA) vs. 65.2 (1.8) µg/m3 (control). At follow-up, HEPA families had 60% (95% CI, 41%-72%; p < 0.0001) and 42% (19%-58%; p = 0.002) lower sleeping and living area PM2.5 , respectively, consistent with prior studies. NH3 reductions were not observed.

Published
2021

8. Gadolinium-Enhanced 3D T1-Weighted Black-Blood MR Imaging for the Detection of Acute Optic Neuritis

Author

Isabelle Riederer, Mark Mühlau, J. S. Kirschke, Claus Zimmer, and Nico Sollmann

Subjects
Adult, Male, Optic Neuritis, Adolescent, genetic structures, Image quality, Gadolinium, Black blood, Contrast Media, chemistry.chemical_element, Neuroimaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical coherence tomography, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, T1 weighted, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Optic neuritis, Head & Neck, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mr imaging, chemistry, Coronal plane, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A 3D T1-weighted black-blood sequence was recently shown to improve the detection of contrast-enhancing lesions in the brain in patients with MS compared with a 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence. We compared a contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted black-blood sequence with a dedicated orbital contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon sequence in patients with acute optic neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging data (3T) of 51 patients showing symptoms of acute optic neuritis were analyzed retrospectively, including whole-brain contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted black-blood and dedicated orbital coronal 2D or 3D contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon sequences. Two neuroradiologists assessed the images for overall image quality, artifacts, diagnostic confidence, and visual contrast enhancement. Furthermore, the standardized contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated. The final diagnosis of acute optic neuritis was established on the basis of clinical presentation, visually evoked potentials, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Thirty of 51 patients were diagnosed with acute optic neuritis. Of those, 21 showed contrast-enhancing lesions in the optic nerves, similarly detectable on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted black-blood images. Thus, the accuracy for each sequence was identical, with a resulting sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 90% or 100% (depending on the reader). Overall image quality, diagnostic confidence, visual contrast enhancement, and artifacts were rated similarly in contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted black-blood and dedicated orbital contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon sequences. There was no significant difference (P = .27) in the mean standardized contrast-to-noise ratio between contrast-enhanced T1-weighted black-blood (1.76 ± 1.07) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon (2.29 ± 2.49) sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted black-blood imaging is comparable in accuracy and qualitative/quantitative features with dedicated orbital contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon imaging for the detection of acute optic neuritis. Therefore, when used, it has the potential to considerably shorten total patient imaging time.

Published
2020

9. Perceptions of plea bargaining in cases of elder financial abuse

Author

Jonathan M. Golding and Andrea M. Riederer

Subjects
Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Procedural justice, Criminology, Elder Abuse, 03 medical and health sciences, Plea, 030502 gerontology, Criminal Law, Perception, Humans, Crime Victims, Aged, 0505 law, media_common, Negotiating, Fraud, 05 social sciences, Financial abuse, Elder abuse, Work (electrical), 050501 criminology, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

The present study investigated perceptions of plea bargains in elder financial abuse. Approximately 78-90% of felony convictions are the result of plea bargains, yet very little work examines the public's perceptions of it. Additionally, elders lose an estimated $2.6-36.5 billion dollars each year to financial abuse and exploitation. Participants were recruited from Mturk (

Published
2020

10. Randomized trial of a portable HEPA air cleaner intervention to reduce asthma morbidity among Latino children in an agricultural community

Author

Anne E. Massey, Rebecca Drieling, Karen Jansen, Maria I. Tchong French, Jennifer Krenz, Adriana Pérez, Syam S. Andra, Eugene Aisenberg, Stephanie A. Farquhar, Elizabeth B. Torres, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Anne M. Riederer, Esther Min, Paul D. Sampson, Lisa R. Younglove, and Catherine J. Karr

Subjects
Male, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Air pollution, Air cleaner, law.invention, Childhood asthma, Randomized controlled trial, law, HEPA, Environmental health, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Humans, Child, Asthma, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Agriculture, Hispanic or Latino, medicine.disease, Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, RC963-969, Air Filters, HEPA air cleaner, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Morbidity, business
Abstract

Background Data on pediatric asthma morbidity and effective environmental interventions in U.S. agricultural settings are few. We evaluated the effectiveness of HEPA air cleaners on asthma morbidity among a cohort of rural Latino children. Methods Seventy-five children with poorly controlled asthma and living in non-smoking homes were randomly assigned to asthma education alone or along with HEPA air cleaners placed in their sleeping area and home living room. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) score, asthma symptoms in prior 2 weeks, unplanned clinical utilization, creatinine-adjusted urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4 [ng/mg]), and additional secondary outcomes were evaluated at baseline, six, and 12 months. Group differences were assessed using multivariable-adjusted generalized estimating equations. Incident rate ratios of ever experiencing the metrics of poorer asthma health during follow-up (suboptimal asthma management) were estimated using Poisson regression models in secondary analysis. Results Mean child age was 9.2 and 8.6 years in intervention and control groups, respectively, and two-thirds of participants were male. Primary analysis of repeated measures of ACT score did not differ between groups (HEPA group mean change compared to controls 10% [95% CI: − 12-39%]). A suggestion of greater decrease in uLTE4 (ng/mg creatinine) was observed (− 10% [95% CI: − 20 -1%]). Secondary analysis showed children with HEPAs were less likely to have an ACT score meeting a clinically defined cutoff for poorly controlled asthma using repeated measures (IRR: 0.45 [95% CI: 0.21–0.97]). In Poisson models, intervention participants had reduced risk of ever meeting this cutoff (IRR: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.21–0.89]), ever having symptoms in the past 2 weeks (IRR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.52–0.98]), and lower risk of any unplanned clinical utilization (IRR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94]) compared to control participants. Discussion The HAPI study showed generally improved outcomes among children in the HEPA air cleaner group. However, primary analyses did not meet statistical significance and many outcomes were subjective (self-report) in this unblinded study, so findings must be interpreted cautiously. HEPA air cleaners may provide additional benefit for child asthma health where traditional asthmagens (traffic, tobacco smoke) are not prominent factors, but larger studies with more statistical power and blinded designs are needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04919915. Date of retrospective registration: May 19, 2021.

Published
2022

11. Impact of dose reduction and iterative model reconstruction on multi-detector CT imaging of the brain in patients with suspected ischemic stroke

Author

Karolin J. Paprottka, Karina Kupfer, Isabelle Riederer, Claus Zimmer, Meinrad Beer, Peter B. Noël, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke, and Nico Sollmann

Subjects
Adult, Male, Science, Brain imaging, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Article, Brain Ischemia, Medical research, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Tomography, Computed tomography, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Models, Statistical, Drug Tapering, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Stroke, cardiovascular system, Medicine, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Medical imaging, Algorithms, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Non-contrast cerebral computed tomography (CT) is frequently performed as a first-line diagnostic approach in patients with suspected ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of hybrid and model-based iterative image reconstruction for standard-dose (SD) and low-dose (LD) non-contrast cerebral imaging by multi-detector CT (MDCT). We retrospectively analyzed 131 patients with suspected ischemic stroke (mean age: 74.2 ± 14.3 years, 67 females) who underwent initial MDCT with a SD protocol (300 mAs) as well as follow-up MDCT after a maximum of 10 days with a LD protocol (200 mAs). Ischemic demarcation was detected in 26 patients for initial and in 64 patients for follow-up imaging, with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming ischemia in all of those patients. The non-contrast cerebral MDCT images were reconstructed using hybrid (Philips “iDose4”) and model-based iterative (Philips “IMR3”) reconstruction algorithms. Two readers assessed overall image quality, anatomic detail, differentiation of gray matter (GM)/white matter (WM), and conspicuity of ischemic demarcation, if any. Quantitative assessment included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) calculations for WM, GM, and demarcated areas. Ischemic demarcation was detected in all MDCT images of affected patients by both readers, irrespective of the reconstruction method used. For LD imaging, anatomic detail and GM/WM differentiation was significantly better when using the model-based iterative compared to the hybrid reconstruction method. Furthermore, CNR of GM/WM as well as the SNR of WM and GM of healthy brain tissue were significantly higher for LD images with model-based iterative reconstruction when compared to SD or LD images reconstructed with the hybrid algorithm. For patients with ischemic demarcation, there was a significant difference between images using hybrid versus model-based iterative reconstruction for CNR of ischemic/contralateral unaffected areas (mean ± standard deviation: SD_IMR: 4.4 ± 3.1, SD_iDose: 3.5 ± 2.3, P

Published
2021

12. Hydrokinetic pancreatic function and insulin secretion are moduled by Cl

Author

T, Li, G, di Stefano, G S, Raza, I, Sommerer, B, Riederer, D, Römermann, X, Tan, Q, Tan, P, Pallagi, M, Hollenbach, K-H, Herzig, and U, Seidler

Subjects
Male, Mice, Sulfate Transporters, Insulin Secretion, Animals, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Humans, Insulin, Female, Pancreas, Antiporters, Aged
Abstract

Slc26a9 is a member of the Slc26 multifunctional anion transporter family. Polymorphisms in Slc26a9 are associated with an increased incidence of meconium ileus and diabetes in cystic fibrosis patients. We investigated the expression of Slc26a9 in the murine pancreatic ducts, islets and parenchyma, and elucidated its role in pancreatic ductal electrolyte and fluid secretion and endocrine function.Pancreatic Slc26a9 and CFTR mRNA expression, fluid and bicarbonate secretion were assessed in slc26a9Compared with stomach, the mRNA expression of Slc26a9 was low in pancreatic parenchyma, 20-fold higher in microdissected pancreatic ducts than parenchyma, and very low in islets. CFTR mRNA was ~10 fold higher than Slc26a9 mRNA expression in each pancreatic cell type. Significantly reduced pancreatic fluid secretory rates and impaired glucose tolerance were observed in female slc26a9Deletion of Slc26a9 is associated with a reduction in pancreatic fluid secretion and impaired glucose tolerance in female mice. The results underline the importance of Slc26a9 in pancreatic physiology.

Published
2021

13. Post-COVID-19-associated morbidity in children, adolescents, and adults: A matched cohort study including more than 157,000 individuals with COVID-19 in Germany

Author

Martin Roessler, Falko Tesch, Manuel Batram, Josephine Jacob, Friedrich Loser, Oliver Weidinger, Danny Wende, Annika Vivirito, Nicole Toepfner, Franz Ehm, Martin Seifert, Oliver Nagel, Christina König, Roland Jucknewitz, Jakob Peter Armann, Reinhard Berner, Marina Treskova-Schwarzbach, Dagmar Hertle, Stefan Scholz, Stefan Stern, Pedro Ballesteros, Stefan Baßler, Barbara Bertele, Uwe Repschläger, Nico Richter, Cordula Riederer, Franziska Sobik, Anja Schramm, Claudia Schulte, Lothar Wieler, Jochen Walker, Christa Scheidt-Nave, and Jochen Schmitt

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Infant, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, COVID-19 Testing, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Child, Preschool, Germany, Humans, Female, Morbidity, Child, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background Long-term health sequelae of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are a major public health concern. However, evidence on post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (post-COVID-19) is still limited, particularly for children and adolescents. Utilizing comprehensive healthcare data on approximately 46% of the German population, we investigated post-COVID-19-associated morbidity in children/adolescents and adults. Methods and findings We used routine data from German statutory health insurance organizations covering the period between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. The base population included all individuals insured for at least 1 day in 2020. Based on documented diagnoses, we identified individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 through June 30, 2020. A control cohort was assigned using 1:5 exact matching on age and sex, and propensity score matching on preexisting medical conditions. The date of COVID-19 diagnosis was used as index date for both cohorts, which were followed for incident morbidity outcomes documented in the second quarter after index date or later.Overall, 96 prespecified outcomes were aggregated into 13 diagnosis/symptom complexes and 3 domains (physical health, mental health, and physical/mental overlap domain). We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The study population included 11,950 children/adolescents (48.1% female, 67.2% aged between 0 and 11 years) and 145,184 adults (60.2% female, 51.1% aged between 18 and 49 years). The mean follow-up time was 236 days (standard deviation (SD) = 44 days, range = 121 to 339 days) in children/adolescents and 254 days (SD = 36 days, range = 93 to 340 days) in adults. COVID-19 and control cohort were well balanced regarding covariates. The specific outcomes with the highest IRR and an incidence rate (IR) of at least 1/100 person-years in the COVID-19 cohort in children and adolescents were malaise/fatigue/exhaustion (IRR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.06, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 12.58, IR Control: 5.51), cough (IRR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.04, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 36.56, IR Control: 21.06), and throat/ chest pain (IRR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.12, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 20.01, IR Control: 11.66). In adults, these included disturbances of smell and taste (IRR: 6.69, 95% CI: 5.88 to 7.60, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 12.42, IR Control: 1.86), fever (IRR: 3.33, 95% CI: 3.01 to 3.68, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 11.53, IR Control: 3.46), and dyspnea (IRR: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.74 to 3.02, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 43.91, IR Control: 15.27). For all health outcomes combined, IRs per 1,000 person-years in the COVID-19 cohort were significantly higher than those in the control cohort in both children/adolescents (IRR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.35, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 436.91, IR Control: 335.98) and adults (IRR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.34, p < 0.01, IR COVID-19: 615.82, IR Control: 464.15). The relative magnitude of increased documented morbidity was similar for the physical, mental, and physical/mental overlap domain. In the COVID-19 cohort, IRs were significantly higher in all 13 diagnosis/symptom complexes in adults and in 10 diagnosis/symptom complexes in children/adolescents. IRR estimates were similar for age groups 0 to 11 and 12 to 17. IRs in children/adolescents were consistently lower than those in adults. Limitations of our study include potentially unmeasured confounding and detection bias. Conclusions In this retrospective matched cohort study, we observed significant new onset morbidity in children, adolescents, and adults across 13 prespecified diagnosis/symptom complexes, following COVID-19 infection. These findings expand the existing available evidence on post-COVID-19 conditions in younger age groups and confirm previous findings in adults. Author summary Why was this study done? Some patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from long-term health problems following the acute phase of COVID-19. Evidence on post-acute COVID-19 (post-COVID-19) syndrome is still limited, especially for children and adolescents. What did the researchers do and find? We used comprehensive healthcare data from a sample of almost half of the German population to investigate the risk of post-COVID-19 disease patterns in children, adolescents, and adults. We identified all patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (157,134 individuals in total, 11,950 children/adolescents and 145,184 adults) and matched them to a control cohort of individuals with identical age and sex, and similar preexisting medical conditions without COVID-19. We recorded medical conditions documented by a physician at least 3 months after the date of COVID-19 diagnosis and compared them to the matched controls without COVID-19. We observed increased rates of newly diagnosed physical and mental health problems in the COVID-19 group, compared to the control group, which differed according to age. What do these findings mean? Although healthcare utilization may differ between those who have suffered COVID-19 and those who have not, the results of our study indicate that people of all age groups (children, adolescents, and adults) are at risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome and that the spectrum of health problems differs between age groups.

Published
2022

14. Publisher Correction: Altered endothelial dysfunction-related miRs in plasma from ME/CFS patients

Author

J. Blauensteiner, Nuno Sepúlveda, Romina Bertinat, Luis E. Leon, Francisco Westermeier, and Monika Riederer

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, Endothelial dysfunction, Principal Component Analysis, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Discriminant Analysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Publisher Correction, MicroRNAs, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Medicine, Female, Endothelium, Vascular, business
Abstract

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by unexplained debilitating fatigue. Although the etiology is unknown, evidence supports immunological abnormalities, such as persistent inflammation and immune-cell activation, in a subset of patients. Since the interplay between inflammation and vascular alterations is well-established in other diseases, endothelial dysfunction has emerged as another player in ME/CFS pathogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) generates nitric oxide (NO) that maintains endothelial homeostasis. eNOS is activated by silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), an anti-inflammatory protein. Despite its relevance, no study has addressed the Sirt1/eNOS axis in ME/CFS. The interest in circulating microRNAs (miRs) as potential biomarkers in ME/CFS has increased in recent years. Accordingly, we analyze a set of miRs reported to modulate the Sirt1/eNOS axis using plasma from ME/CFS patients. Our results show that miR-21, miR-34a, miR-92a, miR-126, and miR-200c are jointly increased in ME/CFS patients compared to healthy controls. A similar finding was obtained when analyzing public miR data on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Bioinformatics analysis shows that endothelial function-related signaling pathways are associated with these miRs, including oxidative stress and oxygen regulation. Interestingly, histone deacetylase 1, a protein responsible for epigenetic regulations, represented the most relevant node within the network. In conclusion, our study provides a basis to find endothelial dysfunction-related biomarkers and explore novel targets in ME/CFS.

Published
2021

15. Prevention Admission into Nursing homes (PAN): study protocol for an explorative, prospective longitudinal pilot study

Author

Andrea L. Koppitz, Susanne Suter-Riederer, Gabriela Bieri-Brünig, Heike Geschwinder, Anita Keller Senn, Frank Spichiger, and Thomas Volken

Subjects
Male, Frailty, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Sexism, 362: Gesundheits- und Sozialdienste, Pilot Projects, Caregiver, Nursing Homes, Hospitalization, Geriatrics, Transition, Quality of Life, Transitional care, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Older people, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aged
Abstract

Background In Switzerland, there is a lack of adequate rehabilitation services, and effective coordination, that take into account the multifactorial health risks of older people. The literature shows that the hospitalisation rate in rehabilitation facilities has increased in recent years and that a gender bias exists. Additionally, there is little or no evidence available on the effect that a post-acute care programme might have over an extended period on functioning, quality of life and the informal network of older people. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to evaluate the sustainability of post-acute care within three nursing homes in Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Methods The Prevention Admission into Nursing homes (PAN) study is a explorative, prospective, longitudinal pilot trial based on a convenience sample of three long-term care facilities in the Swiss Canton of Zurich. The proposed pilot study will examine the effects of a post-acute care programme on people aged ≥65 years with a post-acute care potential ≥ three admitted to any of the three post-acute care units (n = 260). Older people of all sexes admitted to one of the post-acute care units and likely to be discharged to home within 8 weeks will be eligible for participation in the study. The primary endpoint is functionality based on the Barthel Index. The secondary endpoints are independency based on delirium, cognition, mobility, falling concerns, frailty, weight/height/body mass index, post-acute care capability, quality of life, and lastly, the informal network. As part of process evaluation, a qualitative evaluation will be conducted based on constructive grounded theory to specifically analyse how the experience of informal caregivers (n = 30) can contribute to a successful daily life 6 months after discharge. Discussion We expect to observe improved functional status and independence after the post-acute care programme. The qualitative evaluation conducted with caregivers will complement our description of the transition of older people towards living at home. Trial registration This study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register under DRKS00016647 (registered on 23.05.2019).

Published
2021

16. Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia – An unusual cause of dementia

Author

Sigrid Klotz, Nora Hergovich, Elisabeth Fertl, Ellen Gelpi, Franz Riederer, Alexander Zimprich, Lara Steinkellner, Cristoph Baumgartner, and Thomas Schlager

Subjects
Male, Adult, leukodystrophy, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Case Report, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Leukoencephalopathy, pigment, Leukoencephalopathies, Spheroids, Cellular, adult onset leukodystrophy, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Dementia diagnosis, Age of Onset, Neuropathology, ALSP, Axonal spheroids, business.industry, Brain, axonal spheroids, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Axons, Neurology, Mutation, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, business, Neuroglia
Abstract

No abstract available.

Published
2020

17. Tube Current Reduction in CT Angiography: How Low Can We Go in Imaging of Patients With Suspected Acute Stroke?

Author

Jan S. Kirschke, Benjamin Friedrich, Kornelia Kreiser, Peter B. Noël, Nico Sollmann, Claus Zimmer, Kai Mei, Simon Schön, Thomas Baum, Isabelle Riederer, Felix K. Kopp, Tobias Boeckh-Behrens, Ernst J. Rummeny, Dennis M. Hedderich, Christian Maegerlein, and Maximilian T. Löffler

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Computed Tomography Angiography, Image quality, Ischemia, Contrast Media, Iterative reconstruction, Dissection (medical), Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Occlusion, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cerebral Angiography, Iopamidol, Peripheral, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Angiography, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Radiology, Artifacts, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate image quality, detectability of large-vessel occlusion or dissection, and diagnostic confidence in CT angiography (CTA) with virtually lowered tube current and iterative reconstruction in patients with suspected acute stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty patients (15 with large-vessel occlusion or dissection) underwent CTA of the supraaortal up to the intracranial arterial vessels. CTA scans were simulated as if they were made at 50% (D50), 25% (D25), and 10% (D10) of the original tube current. Image reconstruction was achieved with two levels of iterative reconstruction (A, similar to clinical reconstructions; B, two times stronger regularization). Two readers performed qualitative image evaluation considering overall image quality, artifacts, vessel contrast, detection of vessel abnormalities, and diagnostic confidence. RESULTS. Level B of iterative reconstruction was favorable regarding overall image quality and artifacts for D10, whereas level A was favorable for D100 and D50. CTA scans at D25 and both levels of iterative reconstruction still showed good vessel contrast, with even peripheral arterial branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries being clearly detectable. Furthermore, CTA scans at D25 and level A of iterative reconstruction showed an adequate level of diagnostic confidence without any missed large-vessel occlusion or dissection according to evaluations by both readers. CONCLUSION. CTA with iterative reconstruction and tube currents decreased to 25% of that for original imaging is feasible without limitations in vessel contrast or detection of vessel abnormalities in patients with suspected acute stroke. Thus, the approach evaluated enables substantial reductions in radiation exposure for patients undergoing head and neck CTA.

Published
2019

18. Iodine images in dual energy CT: A monocentric study benchmarking quantitative iodine concentration values of the healthy liver

Author

Stefanie Beck, Laurenz Jahn, Dominik Deniffel, Isabelle Riederer, Andreas Sauter, Marcus R. Makowski, and Daniela Pfeiffer

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Multidisciplinary, Adolescent, Contrast Media, Iodides, Middle Aged, Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection, Benchmarking, Young Adult, Liver, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Aged, Iodine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) allows the quantification of specific materials such as iodine contrast agent in human body tissue, potentially providing additional diagnostic data. Yet full diagnostic value can only be achieved if physiological normal values for iodine concentrations are known. We retrospectively evaluated abdominal DECT scans of 105 patients with healthy liver between March and August 2018 (age 17 to 86 years, 43 female and 62 male). The iodine concentrations within ROIs of the liver parenchyma as well as of the abdominal aorta and main portal vein were obtained. We evaluated the absolute iodine concentration and blood-normalized iodine concentrations relating the measured iodine concentration of the liver parenchyma to those of the supplying vessels. The influence of age and gender on the iodine uptake was assessed. The absolute iodine concentration was significantly different for the male and female cohort, but the difference was eliminated by the blood-normalized values. The average blood-normalized iodine concentrations were 2.107 mg/ml (+/- 0.322 mg/ml), 2.125 mg/ml (+/- 0.426 mg/ml) and 2.103 mg/ml (+/- 0.317 mg/ml) for the portal vein normalized, aorta normalized and mixed blood normalized iodine concentrations, respectively. A significant negative correlation between the patients’ age and the iodine concentration was detected only for the blood-normalized values. A physiological range for iodine concentration in portal venous phase contrast enhanced DECT images can be defined for absolute and blood-normalized values. Deviations of blood-normalized iodine concentration values might be a robust biomarker for diagnostic evaluation. Patient age but not the gender influences the blood-normalized iodine concentrations in healthy liver parenchyma.

Published
2022

19. Emulsion-free chitosan-genipin microgels for growth plate cartilage regeneration

Author

Christopher B. Erickson, Michael S. Riederer, Michael Stager, Karin A. Payne, and Melissa D. Krebs

Subjects
Male, Biomedical Engineering, Salter-Harris Fractures, Biocompatible Materials, 02 engineering and technology, Article, Biomaterials, Chitosan, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, Regeneration, Iridoids, 030304 developmental biology, Bone growth, 0303 health sciences, Microgels, Regeneration (biology), Cartilage, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Emulsion, Genipin, Biophysics, Emulsions, 0210 nano-technology, Growth plate cartilage
Abstract

The growth plate is a cartilage tissue near the ends of children’s long bones and is responsible for bone growth. Injury to the growth plate can result in the formation of a ‘bony bar’ which can span the growth plate and result in bone growth abnormalities in children. Biomaterials such as chitosan microgels could be a potential treatment for growth plate injuries due to their chondrogenic properties, which can be enhanced through loading with biologics. They are commonly fabricated via an emulsion method, which involves solvent rinses that are cytotoxic. Here, we present a high throughput, non-cytotoxic, non-emulsion-based method to fabricate chitosan–genipin microgels. Chitosan was crosslinked with genipin to form a hydrogel network, and then pressed through a syringe filter using mesh with various pore sizes to produce a range of microgel particle sizes. The microgels were then loaded with chemokines and growth factors and their release was studied in vitro. To assess the applicability of the microgels for growth plate cartilage regeneration, they were injected into a rat growth plate injury. They led to increased cartilage repair tissue and were fully degraded by 28 days in vivo. This work demonstrates that chitosan microgels can be fabricated without solvent rinses and demonstrates their potential for the treatment of growth plate injuries.

Published
2021

20. Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Author

de Rojas, I., Moreno-Grau, S., Tesi, N., Grenier-Boley, B., Andrade, V., Jansen, I. E., Pedersen, N. L., Stringa, N., Zettergren, A., Hernandez, I., Montrreal, L., Antunez, C., Antonell, A., Tankard, R. M., Bis, J. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., Quintela, I., Gonzalez-Perez, A., Calero, M., Franco-Macias, E., Macias, J., Blesa, R., Cervera-Carles, L., Menendez-Gonzalez, M., Frank-Garcia, A., Royo, J. L., Moreno, F., Huerto Vilas, R., Baquero, M., Diez-Fairen, M., Lage, C., Garcia-Madrona, S., Garcia-Gonzalez, P., Alarcon-Martin, E., Valero, S., Sotolongo-Grau, O., Ullgren, A., Naj, A. C., Lemstra, A. W., Benaque, A., Perez-Cordon, A., Benussi, A., Rabano, A., Padovani, A., Squassina, A., de Mendonca, A., Arias Pastor, A., Kok, A. A. L., Meggy, A., Pastor, A. B., Espinosa, A., Corma-Gomez, A., Martin Montes, A., Sanabria, A., DeStefano, A. L., Schneider, A., Haapasalo, A., Kinhult Stahlbom, A., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Hartmann, A. M., Spottke, A., Corbaton-Anchuelo, A., Rongve, A., Borroni, B., Arosio, B., Nacmias, B., Nordestgaard, B. G., Kunkle, B. W., Charbonnier, C., Abdelnour, C., Masullo, C., Martinez Rodriguez, C., Munoz-Fernandez, C., Dufouil, C., Graff, C., Ferreira, C. B., Chillotti, C., Reynolds, C. A., Fenoglio, C., Van Broeckhoven, C., Clark, C., Pisanu, C., Satizabal, C. L., Holmes, C., Buiza-Rueda, D., Aarsland, D., Rujescu, D., Alcolea, D., Galimberti, D., Wallon, D., Seripa, D., Grunblatt, E., Dardiotis, E., Duzel, E., Scarpini, E., Conti, E., Rubino, E., Gelpi, E., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E., Duron, E., Boerwinkle, E., Ferri, E., Tagliavini, F., Kucukali, F., Pasquier, F., Sanchez-Garcia, F., Mangialasche, F., Jessen, F., Nicolas, G., Selbaek, G., Ortega, G., Chene, G., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Rossi, G., Spalletta, G., Giaccone, G., Grande, G., Binetti, G., Papenberg, G., Hampel, H., Bailly, H., Zetterberg, H., Soininen, H., Karlsson, I. K., Alvarez, I., Appollonio, I., Giegling, I., Skoog, I., Saltvedt, I., Rainero, I., Rosas Allende, I., Hort, J., Diehl-Schmid, J., Van Dongen, J., Vidal, J. -S., Lehtisalo, J., Wiltfang, J., Thomassen, J. Q., Kornhuber, J., Haines, J. L., Vogelgsang, J., Pineda, J. A., Fortea, J., Popp, J., Deckert, J., Buerger, K., Morgan, K., Fliessbach, K., Sleegers, K., Molina-Porcel, L., Kilander, L., Weinhold, L., Farrer, L. A., Wang, L. -S., Kleineidam, L., Farotti, L., Parnetti, L., Tremolizzo, L., Hausner, L., Benussi, L., Froelich, L., Ikram, M. A., Deniz-Naranjo, M. C., Tsolaki, M., Rosende-Roca, M., Lowenmark, M., Hulsman, M., Spallazzi, M., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Esiri, M., Bernal Sanchez-Arjona, M., Dalmasso, M. C., Martinez-Larrad, M. T., Arcaro, M., Nothen, M. M., Fernandez-Fuertes, M., Dichgans, M., Ingelsson, M., Herrmann, M. J., Scherer, M., Vyhnalek, M., Kosmidis, M. H., Yannakoulia, M., Schmid, M., Ewers, M., Heneka, M. T., Wagner, M., Scamosci, M., Kivipelto, M., Hiltunen, M., Zulaica, M., Alegret, M., Fornage, M., Roberto, N., van Schoor, N. M., Seidu, N. M., Banaj, N., Armstrong, N. J., Scarmeas, N., Scherbaum, N., Goldhardt, O., Hanon, O., Peters, O., Skrobot, O. A., Quenez, O., Lerch, O., Bossu, P., Caffarra, P., Dionigi Rossi, P., Sakka, P., Hoffmann, P., Holmans, P. A., Fischer, P., Riederer, P., Yang, Q., Marshall, R., Kalaria, R. N., Mayeux, R., Vandenberghe, R., Cecchetti, R., Ghidoni, R., Frikke-Schmidt, R., Sorbi, S., Hagg, S., Engelborghs, S., Helisalmi, S., Botne Sando, S., Kern, S., Archetti, S., Boschi, S., Fostinelli, S., Gil, S., Mendoza, S., Mead, S., Ciccone, S., Djurovic, S., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Riedel-Heller, S., Kuulasmaa, T., del Ser, T., Lebouvier, T., Polak, T., Ngandu, T., Grimmer, T., Bessi, V., Escott-Price, V., Giedraitis, V., Deramecourt, V., Maier, W., Jian, X., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Smith, A. D., Saenz, A., Bizzarro, A., Lauria, A., Vacca, A., Solomon, A., Anastasiou, A., Richardson, A., Boland, A., Koivisto, A., Daniele, A., Greco, A., Marianthi, A., McGuinness, B., Fin, B., Ferrari, C., Custodero, C., Ferrarese, C., Ingino, C., Mangone, C., Reyes Toso, C., Martinez, C., Cuesta, C., Muchnik, C., Joachim, C., Ortiz, C., Besse, C., Johansson, C., Zoia, C. P., Laske, C., Anastasiou, C., Palacio, D. L., Politis, D. G., Janowitz, D., Craig, D., Mann, D. M., Neary, D., Jurgen, D., Daian, D., Belezhanska, D., Kohler, E., Castano, E. M., Koutsouraki, E., Chipi, E., De Roeck, E., Costantini, E., Vardy, E. R. L. C., Piras, F., Roveta, F., Prestia, F. A., Assogna, F., Salani, F., Sala, G., Lacidogna, G., Novack, G., Wilcock, G., Thonberg, H., Kolsch, H., Weber, H., Boecker, H., Etchepareborda, I., Piaceri, I., Tuomilehto, J., Lindstrom, J., Laczo, J., Johnston, J., Deleuze, J. -F., Harris, J., Schott, J. M., Priller, J., Bacha, J. I., Snowden, J., Lisso, J., Mihova, K. Y., Traykov, L., Morelli, L., Brusco, L. I., Rainer, M., Takalo, M., Bjerke, M., Del Zompo, M., Serpente, M., Sanchez Abalos, M., Rios, M., Peltonen, M., Herrman, M. J., Kohler, M., Rojo, M., Jones, M., Orsini, M., Medel, N., Olivar, N., Fox, N. C., Salvadori, N., Hooper, N. M., Galeano, P., Solis, P., Bastiani, P., Mecocci, P., Passmore, P., Heun, R., Antikainen, R., Olaso, R., Perneczky, R., Germani, S., Lopez-Garcia, S., Love, S., Mehrabian, S., Bagnoli, S., Kochen, S., Andreoni, S., Teipel, S., Todd, S., Pickering-Brown, S., Natunen, T., Tegos, T., Laatikainen, T., Strandberg, T., Polvikoski, T. M., Matoska, V., Ciullo, V., Cores, V., Solfrizzi, V., Lisetti, V., Sevillano, Z., Aguilera, N., Alarcon, E., Boada, M., Buendia, M., Canabate, P., Carracedo, A., Diego, S., Gailhajenet, A., Guitart, M., Ibarria, M., Lafuente, A., Maronas, O., Martin, E., Martinez, M. T., Marquie, M., Mauleon, A., Moreno, M., Orellana, A., Pancho, A., Peleja, E., Preckler, S., Real, L. M., Ruiz, A., Saez, M. E., Serrano-Rios, M., Tarraga, L., Vargas, L., Adarmes-Gomez, A. D., Alonso, M. D., Alvarez, V., Amer-Ferrer, G., Antequera, M., Bernal, M., Bullido, M. J., Burguera, J. A., Carrillo, F., Carrion-Claro, M., Casajeros, M. J., Clarimon, J., Cruz-Gamero, J. M., de Pancorbo, M. M., Escuela, R., Garrote-Espina, L., Garcia-Alberca, J. M., Garcia Madrona, S., Garcia-Ribas, G., Gomez-Garre, P., Hevilla, S., Jesus, S., Labrador Espinosa, M. A., Legaz, A., Lleo, A., Lopez de Munain, A., Macias-Garcia, D., Manzanares, S., Marin, M., Marin-Munoz, J., Marin, T., Martinez, B., Martinez, V., Martinez-Lage Alvarez, P., Medina, M., Mendioroz Iriarte, M., Mir, P., Molinuevo, J. L., Pastor, P., Perez Tur, J., Perinan-Tocino, T., Pineda-Sanchez, R., Pinol-Ripoll, G., Real de Asua, D., Rodrigo, S., Sanchez del Valle Diaz, R., Sanchez-Juan, P., Sastre, I., Vicente, M. P., Vigo-Ortega, R., Vivancos, L., Macleod, C., McCracken, C., Brayne, C., Bresner, C., Grozeva, D., Bellou, E., Sommerville, E. W., Matthews, F., Leonenko, G., Menzies, G., Windle, G., Harwood, J., Phillips, J., Bennett, K., Luckuck, L., Clare, L., Woods, R., Saad, S., Burholt, V., Kehoe, P. G., Perez-Tur, J., Scheltens, P., Holstege, H., Amouyel, P., Schellenberg, G. D., Williams, J., Seshadri, S., van Duijn, C. M., Mather, K. A., Sanchez-Valle, R., Blennow, K., Huisman, M., Andreassen, O. A., Posthuma, D., van der Flier, W. M., Ramirez, A., Lambert, J. -C., and van der Lee, S. J.

Subjects
Age of Onset, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Apolipoproteins E, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Datasets as Topic, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Multifactorial Inheritance
Published
2021

21. Proteomic Characterization of Synaptosomes from Human Substantia Nigra Indicates Altered Mitochondrial Translation in Parkinson's Disease

Author

Caroline May, Mariana Molina, Britta Eggers, Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite, Carsten Theiss, Peter Riederer, Katrin Marcus, Sarah Plum, Stefan Helling, Markus Stepath, Manfred Gerlach, and Lea T. Grinberg

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, mitochondrial pathology, Aging, Parkinson's disease, Proteome, Mitochondrial translation, Neurodegenerative, Proteomics, mitochondrial translation, 0302 clinical medicine, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, substantia nigra pars compacta, Parkinson&#8217, Aetiology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Aged, 80 and over, Parkinson's Disease, Dopaminergic, Metalloendopeptidases, Parkinson Disease, General Medicine, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Substantia Nigra, Neurological, Disease Progression, Female, Biotechnology, Substantia nigra, Methionine-tRNA Ligase, Biology, Thymidine Kinase, Article, s disease, 03 medical and health sciences, proteomics, Ribosomal protein, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, Aged, Melanins, Pars compacta, Dopaminergic Neurons, Neurosciences, synaptosomes, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Parkinson’s disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The pathological hallmark of Parkinson&rsquo, s disease (PD) is the loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Additionally, numerous studies indicate an altered synaptic function during disease progression. To gain new insights into the molecular processes underlying the alteration of synaptic function in PD, a proteomic study was performed. Therefore, synaptosomes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from SNpc tissue of individuals at advanced PD stages (N = 5) as well as control subjects free of pathology (N = 5) followed by mass spectrometry-based analysis. In total, 362 proteins were identified and assigned to the synaptosomal core proteome. This core proteome comprised all proteins expressed within the synapses without regard to data analysis software, gender, age, or disease. The differential analysis between control subjects and PD cases revealed that CD9 antigen was overrepresented and fourteen proteins, among them Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), mitochondrial, 39S ribosomal protein L37, neurolysin, and Methionine-tRNA ligase (MARS2) were underrepresented in PD suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial translation within synaptosomes.

Published
2020

22. Voxel-Based Morphometry-from Hype to Hope. A Study on Hippocampal Atrophy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Author

Christoph Baumgartner, Lars Michels, Rene Seiger, Thomas Czech, Rupert Lanzenberger, Ekaterina Pataraia, Franz Riederer, J. Beiersdorf, Johannes A. Hainfellner, Spyridon Kollias, Gregor Kasprian, University of Zurich, and Riederer, F

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hippocampus, 610 Medicine & health, Neuroimaging, Hippocampal formation, computer.software_genre, Statistical parametric mapping, Sensitivity and Specificity, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Voxel, 10043 Clinic for Neuroradiology, medicine, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Retrospective Studies, Hippocampal sclerosis, business.industry, Adult Brain, Voxel-based morphometry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2728 Neurology (clinical), Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automated volumetry of the hippocampus is considered useful to assist the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, voxel-based morphometry is rarely used for individual subjects because of high rates of false-positives. We investigated whether an approach with high dimensional warping to the template and nonparametric statistics would be useful to detect hippocampal atrophy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed single-subject voxel-based morphometry with nonparametric statistics within the framework of Statistical Parametric Mapping to compare MRI from 26 well-characterized patients with temporal lobe epilepsy individually against a group of 110 healthy controls. The following statistical threshold was used: P

Published
2019

23. Cross correlation-based misregistration correction for super resolution T

Author

Eric A, Borisch, Roger C, Grimm, Soudabeh, Kargar, Akira, Kawashima, Phillip J, Rossman, and Stephen J, Riederer

Subjects
Male, Motion, Phantoms, Imaging, Prostate, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Article, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose is to develop a retrospective correction for subtle slice-to-slice positional inconsistencies that can occur when overlapped slices are acquired for super resolution in T2-weighted spin-echo multi-slice imaging. METHODS: Spin-echo acquisition of overlapped slices is typically done using multiple passes. After the passes are assembled into the final slice set, consecutive slices are correlated due to their overlap. Cross correlation was used to measure slice-to-slice displacement. After Z-dependent filtering to preserve true object shape, the displacements were used to correct slice position. The method was tested in a phantom moved slowly (0.16 – 0.63 mm/pass) under computer control and in vivo in 16 patients having prostate MRI. RESULTS: Over the motion range the correlation method had accuracy within 0.03 mm/pass and precision ±0.20 mm; i.e. sub-pixel. Corrected images visually resemble the true object. Over the patient studies the mean range of motion in the anterior/posterior direction was 1.63 mm. Motion-corrected axial images and the sagittal reformats were evaluated as significantly superior over those formed without motion correction. CONCLUSION: The retrospective correlation-based motion correction method provides significant improvement in the slice-to-slice registration necessary for effective super resolution using overlapped slices.

Published
2020

24. Modified acquisition strategy for reduced motion artifact in super resolution [Formula: see text] FSE multislice MRI: Application to prostate

Author

Kargar, Soudabeh, Borisch, Eric A., Froemming, Adam T., Grimm, Roger C., Kawashima, Akira, King, Bernard F., Stinson, Eric G., and Riederer, Stephen J.

Subjects
Male, Motion, Full Papers—Imaging Methodology, Phantoms, Imaging, Prostate, Humans, Artifacts, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

PURPOSE: To reduce slice‐to‐slice motion effects in multislice [Formula: see text] ‐weighted fast‐spin‐echo ( [Formula: see text] FSE) imaging, manifest as “scalloping” in reformats, by modification of the acquisition strategy and to show applicability in prostate MRI. METHODS: [Formula: see text] FSE images of contiguous or overlapping slices are typically acquired using multiple passes in which each pass is comprised of multiple slices with slice‐to‐slice gaps. Combination of slices from all passes provides the desired sampling. For enhancement of through‐plane resolution with super resolution or for reformatting into other orientations, subtle ≈1 mm motion between passes can cause objectionable “scalloping” artifact. Here we address this by subdivision of each pass into multiple segments. Interleaving of segments from the multiple passes causes all slices to be acquired over substantially the same time, reducing pass‐to‐pass motion effects. This was implemented in acquiring 78 overlapped [Formula: see text] FSE axial slices and studied in phantoms and in 14 prostate MRI patients. Super‐resolution axial images and sagittal reformats from the original and new segmented acquisitions were evaluated by 3 uroradiologists. RESULTS: For all criteria of sagittal reformats, the segmented acquisition was statistically superior to the original. For all sharpness criteria of axial images, although the trend preferred the original acquisition, the difference was not significant. For artifact in axial images, the segmented acquisition was significantly superior. CONCLUSIONS: For prostate MRI the new segmented acquisition significantly reduces the scalloping motion artifact that can be present in reformats due to long time lags between the acquisition of adjacent or overlapped slices while retaining image sharpness in the acquired axial slices.

Published
2020

25. Low-dose MDCT: evaluation of the impact of systematic tube current reduction and sparse sampling on the detection of degenerative spine diseases

Author

Nico Sollmann, Monika Probst, Kai Mei, Isabelle Riederer, Maximilian T. Löffler, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke, and Peter B. Noël

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Image quality, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Iterative reconstruction, Radiation Dosage, Image processing, computer-assisted, Multidetector Computed Tomography, medicine, Contrast (vision), Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Sampling (medicine), Reduction (orthopedic surgery), media_common, Neuroradiology, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Interventional radiology, General Medicine, Spine, ddc, Intervertebral disc disease, Musculoskeletal, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Radiology, Intervertebral disc degeneration, business, Artifacts
Abstract

Objectives To investigate potential radiation dose reduction for multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) exams of the spine by using sparse sampling and virtually lowered tube currents combined with statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR). Methods MDCT data of 26 patients (68.9 ± 11.7 years, 42.3% males) were retrospectively simulated as if the scans were acquired at 50%, 10%, 5%, and 3% of the original X-ray tube current or number of projections, using SIR for image reconstructions. Two readers performed qualitative image evaluation considering overall image quality, artifacts, and contrast and determined the number and type of degenerative changes. Scoring was compared between readers and virtual low-dose and sparse-sampled MDCT, respectively. Results Image quality and contrast decreased with virtual lowering of tube current and sparse sampling, but all degenerative changes were correctly detected in MDCT with 50% of tube current as well as MDCT with 50% of projections. Sparse-sampled MDCT with only 10% of initial projections still enabled correct identification of all degenerative changes, in contrast to MDCT with virtual tube current reduction by 90% where non-calcified disc herniations were frequently missed (R1: 23.1%, R2: 21.2% non-diagnosed herniations). The average volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) was 1.4 mGy for MDCT with 10% of initial projections, compared with 13.8 mGy for standard-dose imaging. Conclusions MDCT with 50% of original tube current or projections using SIR still allowed for accurate diagnosis of degenerative changes. Sparse sampling may be more promising for further radiation dose reductions since no degenerative changes were missed with 10% of initial projections. Key Points • Most common degenerative changes of the spine can be diagnosed in multi-detector CT with 50% of tube current or number of projections. • Sparse-sampled multi-detector CT with only 10% of initial projections still enables correct identification of degenerative changes, in contrast to imaging with 10% of original tube current. • Sparse sampling may be a promising option for distinct lowering of radiation dose, reducing the CTDIvolfrom 13.8 to 1.4 mGy in the study cohort.

Published
2020

26. Creation of a gene expression classifier for predicting Parkinson's disease rate of progression

Author

Moussa B.H. Youdim, Peter Riederer, Jennifer Yarden, Jose Martin Rabey, Danit Mechlovich, and Nir Dotan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Activities of daily living, Parkinson's disease, Gene Expression, Disease, Logistic regression, Gene expression classifier, Sensitivity and Specificity, Hoehn and Yahr, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Biological Psychiatry, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Parkinson Disease, Biomarker, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Cohort, Etiology, Parkinson’s disease, Disease Progression, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology is heterogeneous, genetic, and multi-factorial, resulting in a varied disease from a mild slow progression to a more severe rapid progression. Prognostic information on the nature of the patient’s disease at diagnosis aids the physician in counseling patients on treatment options and life planning. In a cohort of PD patients from the PPMI study, the relative gene expression levels of SKP1A, UBE2K, ALDH1A1, PSMC4, HSPA8 and LAMB2 were measured in baseline blood samples by real-time quantitative PCR. At baseline PD patients were up to 2 years from diagnosis, H&Y scale ≤ 2 and PD treatment naïve. PD-Prediction algorithm comprised of ALDH1A1, LAMB2, UBE2K, SKP1A and age was created by logistic regression for predicting progression to ≤ 70% Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (S&E-ADL). In relation to patients negative for PD-Prediction (n = 180), patients positive (n = 30) for Cutoff-1 (at 82% specificity, 80.0% sensitivity) had positive hazard ratio (HR+) of 10.6 (95% CI, 2.2–50.1), and positive (n = 23) for Cutoff-2 (at 93% specificity, 47% sensitivity) had HR+ of 17.1 (95% CI, 3.2–89.9) to progress to ≤ 70% S&E-ADL within 3 years (P value < 0.0001). Likewise, patients positive for PD-Prediction Cutoff-1 (n = 49) had HR+ 4.3 (95% CI, 1.6–11.6) for faster time to H&Y 3 in relation to patients negative (n = 170) for PD-Prediction (P value = 0.0002). Our findings show an algorithm that seems to predict fast PD progression and may potentially be used as a tool to assist the physician in choosing an optimal treatment plan, improving the patient’s quality of life and overall health outcome.

Published
2020

27. Towards subject-level cerebral infarction classification of CT scans using convolutional networks

Author

Manuel Schultheiss, Peter B Noël, Isabelle Riederer, Frank Thiele, Felix K Kopp, Bernhard Renger, Ernst J Rummeny, Franz Pfeiffer, and Daniela Pfeiffer

Subjects
Male, Imaging Techniques, Science, Cerebrovascular Diseases, Neuroimaging, Hemorrhage, Research and Analysis Methods, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Automation, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Radiologists, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Medical Personnel, Tomography, Musculoskeletal System, Skeleton, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ischemic Stroke, Radiology and Imaging, Skull, Biology and Life Sciences, Cerebral Infarction, Computed Axial Tomography, Stroke, Professions, Neurology, Infarction, Case-Control Studies, People and Places, Lesions, Medicine, Female, Population Groupings, Neural Networks, Computer, Cranium, Anatomy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Algorithms, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract

Automatic evaluation of 3D volumes is a topic of importance in order to speed up clinical decision making. We describe a method to classify computed tomography scans on volume level for the presence of non-acute cerebral infarction. This is not a trivial task, as the lesions are often similar to other areas in the brain regarding shape and intensity. A three stage architecture is used for classification: 1) A cranial cavity segmentation network is developed, trained and applied. 2) Region proposals are generated 3) Connected regions are classified using a multi-resolution, densely connected 3D convolutional network. Mean area under curve values for subject level classification are 0.95 for the unstratified test set, 0.88 for stratification by patient age and 0.93 for stratification by CT scanner model. We use a partly segmented dataset of 555 scans of which 186 scans are used in the unstratified test set. Furthermore we examine possible dataset bias for scanner model and patient age parameters. We show a successful application of the proposed three-stage model for full volume classification. In contrast to black-box approaches, the convolutional network's decision can be further assessed by examination of intermediate segmentation results.

Published
2020

28. Consenting on Principles of Rehabilitation Nursing Care: A Delphi Study

Author

Wilfried Schnepp, Lorenz Imhof, Jürg Kesselring, Claudia Gabriel, Susanne Suter-Riederer, and Romy Mahrer Imhof

Subjects
Adult, Male, Delphi Technique, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Delphi method, 616.8: Neurologie und Krankheiten des Nervensystems, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Nursing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Patient-Centered Care, medicine, Neurological rehabilitation, Nursing Interventions Classification, Humans, General Nursing, Rehabilitation nursing, Rehabilitation, 030504 nursing, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 610.73: Pflege, Action (philosophy), Evidence-Based Practice, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Switzerland, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Purpose: Patient-centeredness, evidence-based interventions, and interdisciplinary teamwork have been described as key in neurological rehabilitation nursing. In order to develop future action plans, a group of Swiss rehabilitation nurses sought agreement on concrete principles that led the efforts to develop a common understanding of rehabilitation nursing care in Switzerland. Design : A three-round Delphi study was conducted. Methods: Literature-based statements were formulated and sent out twice to 54 rehabilitation nursing stakeholders. In the third round, the participants ranked the three most important statements out of 13. Findings: Highest priority reached the statements: Rehabilitation nursing care (1) considers the uniqueness of the patients and their family, (2) offers support that promises the greatest potential for patients and their family, and (3) uses evidence-based knowledge. Conclusion: Statements on patient- and family-centeredness were ranked highest. Patients and families’ preferences have to be considered as much as evidence-based knowledge and interventions to support patients and family. Clinical Relevance: The study supported the discussion on action plans and enlivened new services and nursing interventions in a Swiss nursing community.

Published
2018

29. Dual layer computed tomography: Reduction of metal artefacts from posterior spinal fusion using virtual monoenergetic imaging

Author

Daniela Pfeiffer, Martin Renz, Isabelle Riederer, Peter B. Noël, Julia Dangelmaier, Andreas Sauter, Benedikt J. Schwaiger, Ernst J. Rummeny, Felix F. Kopp, Alexandra S. Gersing, Rickmer Braren, and Alexander A. Fingerle

Subjects
Adult, Male, Image quality, medicine.medical_treatment, Image processing, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Hounsfield scale, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Spinal canal, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Observer Variation, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Soft tissue, Prostheses and Implants, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Spine, Spinal Fusion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Metals, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Spinal fusion, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, Implant, Tomography, Artifacts, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract

To evaluate the clinical potential of dual layer computed tomography (DLCT) for posterior fusions of the thoracic and lumbar spine and determine the optimal keV-settings for an improved overall image quality and effective reduction of metal artefacts affecting the implant inheriting vertebral body, the spinal canal, the paravertebral muscle and aorta.Twenty patients with posterior thoracic and lumbar spinal fusion, who underwent a 120kVp- DLCT scan were included in this study. Two independent readers evaluated axial 0.9 mm slides with soft tissue and bone window settings. Image quality of the conventional scan was compared to virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) at 40, 60, 80, 100,120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 keV. Diagnostic image quality was assessed on a four point Likert-scale overall, as well as specifically for the implant inheriting bone, paravertebral muscle, spinal canal or aorta. The Hounsfield Units (HU) of the area with the most pronounced streak artefact as well as HU of a reference area containing fat and muscle were documented for each keV-setting and compared to the conventional image. SNR and CNR were calculated for each of the four anatomic areas. Statistical analysis was conducted for the total collective and separately for the thoracic and lumbar spine level.Starting from 80 keV qualitative analysis revealed significant improvement of overall image quality and benefit for each tissue separately compared to the conventional images (CI) (p-values in the range from0.001 to 0.005). 180 keV was considered the optimal monoenergetic setting regarding the overall image quality. For the assessment of the implant inheriting bone, the spinal canal, paravertebral muscle and aorta 200, 180, 160 and 180 keV were rated to be the most sufficient. Our results reveal high inter-reader agreement for qualitative evaluations (intra-class correlation coefficients0.927; p 0.05). HU values within the most pronounced streak artefact increased significantly with higher keV (p 0.001), while there was no significant alteration of HU within the reference area. A decrease in SNR and CNR for higher VMI was revealed by our results.VMIs of higher energies provide significant reduction of metallic artefacts from posterior spinal fusions. Dedicated keV settings to evaluate either the implant inheriting bone, the spinal canal,adjacent muscle or aorta - structures, which are frequently of particular interest after posterior spinal fusion - are recommended. In addition, an optimal keV for an improved overall image quality is proposed.

Published
2018

30. Radiation dose reduction in perfusion CT imaging of the brain using a 256-slice CT: 80 mAs versus 160 mAs

Author

Armin Huber, Holger Poppert, Isabelle Riederer, Ernst J. Rummeny, Claus Zimmer, Daniela Pfeiffer, and Silke Wunderlich

Subjects
Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Image quality, Perfusion scanning, Radiation Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Suspected stroke, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, fungi, Radiation dose, Brain, Patient data, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Perfusion, body regions, Blood Vessels, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Ct imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Nuclear medicine, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

To examine CTP of the brain in real patient data after reducing tube current down to 80 mAs to decrease radiation dose.CTP was acquired in 60 suspected stroke patients with 80 (n: 30) or 160 (n: 30) mAs. Data were analyzed retrospectively by two independent readers. SNR, perfusion maps and image quality were compared in hypoperfused and non-affected areas.SNR was significantly higher in CTP with 160 mAs compared to 80 mAs (p 0.001) in non-affected regions, but there was no significant difference in hypoperfused regions. Overall, images with 80 mAs were rated worse than the ones with 160 mAs (3.0 ± 0.7 versus 4.0 ± 0.7), however, still as sufficient to detect proximal vessel occlusions.Tube current of 80 mAs is still sufficient for the detection of perfusion deficits of proximal vessel occlusions.

Published
2018

31. Reduced blood oxygenation level dependent connectivity is related to hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Igor Yakushev, Karl Peter Bohn, Isabelle Riederer, Ebba Beller, Alexander Drzezga, Jens Göttler, Claus Zimmer, Stephan Kaczmarz, Lorenzo Pasquini, Christine Preibisch, Panagiotis Alexopoulos, Timo Grimmer, and Christian Sorg

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Blood oxygenation level dependent, Hemodynamics, Disease, Carbohydrate metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Premovement neuronal activity, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Neurons, Resting state fMRI, business.industry, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, nervous system, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Positron-Emission Tomography, Cardiology, Female, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Perfusion, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Functional connectivity of blood oxygenation level dependent signal fluctuations (BOLD-FC) is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and suggested to reflect reduced coherence in neural population activity; however, as both neuronal and vascular-hemodynamic processes underlie BOLD signals, impaired perfusion might also contribute to reduced BOLD-FC; 42 AD patients and 27 controls underwent simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Resting-state functional MRI assessed BOLD co-activity to quantify BOLD-FC, pulsed arterial spin labeling (pASL) assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) as proxy for vascular hemodynamics, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET assessed glucose metabolism (GluMet) to index neuronal activity. Patients’ BOLD-FC, CBF, and GluMet were reduced within the same precuneal parietal regions. BOLD-FC was positively associated with mean CBF, specifically in patients and controlled for GluMet levels, suggesting that BOLD-FC reductions correlate with pASL-derived hypoperfusion in AD, independently from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-derived hypometabolism. Data indicate that impaired vascular hemodynamic processes contribute to reduced BOLD connectivity in AD.

Published
2018

32. Differential Alterations in Metabolism and Proteolysis-Related Proteins in Human Parkinson’s Disease Substantia Nigra

Author

Camelia M. Monoranu, Peter Riederer, Silvia Mandel, Moussa B.H. Youdim, Josefine Ruder, and Edna Grünblatt

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Substantia nigra, Biology, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, SKP1A, S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Lewy body, General Neuroscience, Dopaminergic, HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Retinal Dehydrogenase, Parkinson Disease, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Substantia Nigra, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, Proteolysis, ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities, Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract

Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, with the majority of cases being sporadic or "idiopathic". The aetiology of the sporadic form is still unknown, but there is a broad consensus that Parkinson's disease involves multiple pathways. In previous human post-mortem studies investigating substantia nigra of parkinsonian subjects, gene expression alterations in various metabolic pathways including protein folding, trafficking, aggregation, ubiquitination and oxidative stress were found. These studies revealed transcriptomic dysregulation of various genes, amongst others Skp1A and PSMC4 (part of ubiquitin-proteasome system), HSC70 (belonging to the chaperone family) and ALDH1A1 (an enzyme involved in the catabolism of dopamine). To investigate whether these alterations are manifested at the protein level, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease and compared them to Alzheimer's disease and non-neurological post-mortem controls. We were able to confirm cell-specific reductions in the protein content of ALHD1A1 and Skp1A in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of Parkinsonian patients compared to Alzheimer's and control subjects. Furthermore, we observed particular distribution for HSC70 and PSMC4 in the cytoplasm and accumulation within Lewy body in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in Parkinson patients. These findings, together with previous evidence, suggest a malfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome and possible autophagy systems as major players in protein misfolding and aggregation in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, this needs further proof, possibly with trajectory time line.

Published
2017

33. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Deformity as a Cause for Extra-articular Hip Impingement in Young Athletes After an Avulsion Fracture: A Case Report

Author

Eduardo N. Novais, Mark F Riederer, and Aaron J. Provance

Subjects
Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, extra-articular hip impingement, Sports medicine, Decompression, Football, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ilium, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Femoracetabular Impingement, medicine, Deformity, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, anterior inferior iliac spine, young athletes, 030222 orthopedics, Groin, business.industry, Avulsion fracture, 030229 sport sciences, Current Research, medicine.disease, Bicycling, Return to Sport, Surgery, Radiography, Fractures, Avulsion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Traumatic injury, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Hip arthroscopy, medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

Extra-articular hip impingement from prior traumatic injury to the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is an uncommon cause of groin pain in young athletes. Currently, the most common treatment for this injury is arthroscopic decompression. However, hip arthroscopy is not universally available and requires advanced skills. We report 2 cases of the development of extra-articular hip impingement from unusual bony exostoses off the AIIS after traumatic injury in 2 young athletes who underwent open surgical resection. The multidisciplinary sports medicine team should be aware of the development of extra-articular impingement from traumatic injury to the AIIS and that open surgical resection is a viable alternative to arthroscopic decompression.

Published
2017

34. Low Frequency of Staphylococcus Aureus in Lower Extremity Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Author

Ashish Bhargava, Riad Khatib, Farah Tanveer, Leonard B. Johnson, and Kathleen Riederer

Subjects
Adult, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0301 basic medicine, Michigan, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Thigh, medicine.disease_cause, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Framingham Risk Score, Groin, business.industry, Vascular disease, Incidence, Soft Tissue Infections, Soft tissue, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Staphylococcal Skin Infections, Ankle, business, Paraplegia
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is often implicated in skin/soft tissue infections (SSTI). However, SSTI at sites of pressure necrosis and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are often polymicrobial. The frequency of S aureus in these infections is uncertain.We retrospectively reviewed culture results from adults (January 1, 2015-March 31, 2017), evaluated their records and selected SSTI in lower extremities. The patient demographics, comorbidities, characteristics and culture results were recorded. The results were stratified by S aureus status and a composite risk score (RS) was developed (2 points for each difference in S aureus frequency with P0.05 [chi-square test] and 1 point for P = 0.06-0.1). The predictors of S aureus were determined by regression analysis using SSPS software.We encountered 356 lower extremity-SSTI (243 foot/ankle, 56 tibia/calf, 30 thigh, 12 hip and 15 groin). S aureus was detected in 173 (48.6%) cases, 59.6% were methicillin-resistant isolates. S aureus was more common in lesions without necrosis (56.3% vs. 42.9%; P = 0.01), with drainage (59.6% vs. 44.7%; P = 0.02), in male sex (53.2% vs. 40.0%; P = 0.02) and was less common in patients with PVD (38.1% vs. 50.9%; P = 0.07), and paraplegia (39.6% vs. 50.0%; P = 0.2). S aureus was less common in polymicrobial SSTI (45.0% vs. 58.5%; P = 0.03). RS of 0-8 correlated with increasing S aureus prevalence from 23.1% (RS = 0-1) to 78.6% (RS = 8; P0.001). The predictors of S aureus were drainage (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.11, 3.02), lack of PVD (OR = 1.59; CI: 1.03, 2.46) and absence of necrosis (OR = 1.91; CI: 1.08, 3.40).Patients with suspected polymicrobial lower extremity-SSTI and low RS may not need empirical antistaphylococcal therapy.

Published
2018

35. Effect of the Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Analogue Exenatide Extended Release in Cats with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Eric Zini, T M Stöckle, Thomas A. Lutz, K Macha, Federico Fracassi, A Riederer, I Padrutt, Elena Salesov, Claudia E Reusch, University of Zurich, Reusch, Claudia E, Riederer, A., Zini, E., Salesov, E., Fracassi, F., Padrutt, I., Macha, K., Stöckle, T.M., Lutz, T.A., and Reusch, C.E

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, 10253 Department of Small Animals, 3400 General Veterinary, medicine.medical_treatment, Insulin Glargine, Standard Article, Cat Diseases, 0403 veterinary science, Endocrinology, CATS, 630 Agriculture, Glucagon secretion, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Incretin, 10081 Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Standard Articles, Veterinary (all), Female, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Remission, 040301 veterinary sciences, Placebo, Metabolic control, Feline, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Carbohydrates, medicine, Animals, Hypoglycemic Agents, General Veterinary, Venoms, Insulin glargine, business.industry, Insulin, 0402 animal and dairy science, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Hypoglycemia, Diet, Treatment, Cats, Exenatide, 570 Life sciences, biology, SMALL ANIMAL, Peptides, business
Abstract

Background Exenatide extended release (ER) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue that increases insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion and induces satiation in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of exenatide ER is safe and stimulates insulin secretion in healthy cats. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the safety of exenatide ER and its effect on body weight, remission and metabolic control in newly diagnosed diabetic cats receiving insulin and a low-carbohydrate diet. Animals Thirty client-owned cats. Methods Prospective placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cats were treated with exenatide ER or 0.9% saline, administered SC, once weekly. Both groups received insulin glargine and a low-carbohydrate diet. Exenatide ER was administered for 16 weeks, or in cats that achieved remission it was given for 4 weeks after discontinuing insulin treatment. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Cats in the exenatide ER and placebo groups had transient adverse signs including decreased appetite (60% vs. 20%, respectively, P = .06) and vomiting (53% vs. 40%, respectively, P = .715). Body weight increased significantly in the placebo group (P = .002), but not in cats receiving exenatide ER. Cats on exenatide ER achieved remission or good metabolic control in 40% or 89%, respectively, whereas in control cats percentages were 20% or 58% (P = .427 and P = .178, respectively). Conclusion and clinical importance Exenatide ER is safe in diabetic cats and does not result in weight gain. Our pilot study suggests that, should there be an additional clinically relevant beneficial effect of exenatide ER in insulin-treated cats on rate of remission and good metabolic control, it would likely approximate 20% and 30%, respectively.

Published
2015

36. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author

Yong Zhao, Hadi Danawi, Bach Xuan Tran, Gene Bukhman, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Taavi Tillmann, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Yongmei Li, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Jack Caravanos, Ben Schöttker, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Sergey Soshnikov, Yukito Shinohara, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brainin, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Yingfeng Zheng, Santosh Mishra, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Michael Phillips, Belinda J. Gabbe, Hebe N. Gouda, Ziad A. Memish, Rupert R A Bourne, Guoqing Hu, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Abigail McLain, Michelle L. Bell, Christopher Margono, Marissa Iannarone, Wilkister N. Moturi, Donald H. Silberberg, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Nataliya Foigt, Anand Dayama, Yanping Wang, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Monica S. Vavilala, Katherine B Gibney, David Tanne, Sidibe S Kany Roseline, Marcella Montico, Abhishek Singh, Sarah Derrett, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Corine Karema, Rakhi Dandona, David M. Pereira, Kazem Rahimi, Gitanjali M. Singh, Vivekanand Jha, John Hornberger, Anne M. Riederer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Andrea Pedroza, Lily Alexander, Fiona M. Blyth, Tommi Vasankari, Kyle J Foreman, Rana J. Asghar, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Lydia S. Atkins, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Peter Scarborough, Hans W. Hoek, E. Ray Dorsey, Muluken Dessalegn, David C. Schwebel, Gavin Shaddick, Thomas D. Fleming, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Christopher C. Mapoma, Jost B. Jonas, Erin C Mullany, Gene F. Kwan, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Tolesa Bekele, Jed D. Blore, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Philimon Gona, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Richard F. Gillum, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ubai Alsharif, Richard C. Franklin, Felix Masiye, Richard T. Burnett, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Martin McKee, John J Huang, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Wagner Marcenes, Walid Ammar, Knud Juel, Joseph R. Zunt, Martha M Téllez Rojo, Mamta Swaroop, Noela M Prasad, Azmeraw T. Amare, Tim Driscoll, Michael Kravchenko, Heresh Amini, Amir Sapkota, Theo Vos, Charlotte Watts, Dennis Odai Laryea, D. Alex Quistberg, Justin Beardsley, Cheng Huang, Adnan M. Durrani, Sarah V Thackway, Rita Van Dingenen, Manami Inoue, Martha Híjar, Honglei Chen, Amany H. Refaat, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Wenzhi Wang, Louisa Degenhardt, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Nayu Ikeda, James D. Wilkinson, Linh N Bui, Maria Hagströmer, Gonghuan Yang, Ann Kristin Knudsen, David J. Margolis, Soewarta Kosen, Hans Kromhout, Atsushi Goto, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Michael Soljak, Yun Jin Kim, Hideaki Toyoshima, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Soufiane Boufous, Ivy Shiue, Anders Larsson, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, John Powles, Yara A. Halasa, Robin Room, Ratilal Lalloo, Carolina Batis Ruvalcaba, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Jürgen Rehm, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Alicia Aleman, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Elena Alvarez, Rachelle Buchbinder, Randah R. Hamadeh, Bryan Hubbell, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Farhad Islami, Costas A. Christophi, Heidi Stöckl, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Nigel Bruce, Edward J Mills, Samuel A L Perry, Taavi Lai, Baffour Awuah, Mete Saylan, Karen J. Courville, Arindam Basu, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Teresita González de Cosío, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Muluken Azage Yenesew, Atte Meretoja, Michael Brauer, Cyrus Cooper, Giorgia Giussani, Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, André Karch, Leilei Duan, Matthew M Coates, Omid Ameli, Gelin Xu, Matthias Endres, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mohamed Hsairi, Palwasha Anwari, Mazin J. Al Khabouri, Dariush Mozaffarian, Juan R. Sanabria, Pablo M. Lavados, Sumeet S. Chugh, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Maurice Giroud, Haidong Kan, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Luigi Naldi, Erica Leigh Slepak, Deena Alasfoor, James E. Saunders, Richard Matzopoulos, Talal Bakfalouni, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Lennert J. Veerman, Lorenzo Monasta, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Brittany Wurtz, Luz Maria Sanchez, Lijing L. Yan, M. Patrice Lindsay, Michele Meltzer, Sanjay Basu, Steven van de Vijver, Alaa Badawi, Thomas Claßen, Young-Ho Khang, Brett M. Kissela, Jun Zhu, In-Hwan Oh, Fiona J Charlson, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Dinorah González-Castell, Rosario Cárdenas, Dan Poenaru, Sayed Saidul Alam, Mitchell T. Wallin, Harish Chander Gugnani, James Leigh, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lidia Morawska, Jim van Os, Stephanie J. London, Kaire Innos, Isabelle Romieu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Hwee Pin Phua, Chakib Nejjari, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Boris I. Pavlin, Karen Sliwa, Lynne Gaffikin, Constance D. Pond, Michael F. MacIntyre, Blake Thomson, Norberto Perico, Ronny Westerman, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Bulat Idrisov, Ana Basto-Abreu, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vinod K. Paul, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Svetlana Popova, Hmwe H Kyu, Richard L. Guerrant, Mohammed I. Albittar, Srikanth Mangalam, Steven E. Lipshultz, Lela Sturua, Semaw Ferede Abera, Eduardo Bernabé, George D. Thurston, Bruno F. Sunguya, Tiffany Ku, Alejandra G. Contreras, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Charles Atkinson, Ashkan Afshin, Heidi J. Larson, Abdullatif Husseini, Jose C. Adsuar, Reza Assadi, Ademola Lukman Adelekan, Joshua A. Salomon, Yousef M. Elshrek, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Devina Nand, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Graça Maria Ferreira De Lima, Maheswar Satpathy, Fotis Topouzis, Traolach S. Brugha, Hywel C Williams, Coen H. Van Gool, Andrew H. Kemp, Awoke Misganaw, Amado D Quezada, Norito Kawakami, Bert Brunekreef, Peter Burney, Tati S. Warouw, Jongmin Lee, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Tanner, Solveig A. Cunningham, Benjamin O. Anderson, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Lars Barregard, Xia Wan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bernadette Thomas, Lilia S Pedraza, Massimo Cirillo, Alina Rodriguez, Ricky Leung, Farshad Pourmalek, K. Srinath Reddy, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Neeraj Bedi, Al Artaman, Lucia Hernandez, Itamar S. Santos, C. Arden Pope, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Carlo Irwin A. Panelo, Selen Begüm Uzun, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Anwar Rafay, Daniel Dicker, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Mohammed O. Basulaiman, Edgar P. Simard, Mohammad T Mashal, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Don C. Des Jarlais, Bo Norrving, Salvador Villalpando, Miia Kivipelto, Yang Liu, Carolina Maria Teixeira, Catalina Medina, Sudha Jayaraman, Josep Maria Haro, Diego De Leo, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Abigail C. McKay, Eric L. Ding, Mukesh Dherani, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, Vinay Nangia, Sukanta Saha, Juan Liang, Elisabeth Cardis, Zourkaleini Younoussi, José R Nogueira, Braden Te Ao, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Lionel Racapé, Ting Wu Chuang, Shahab Khatibzadeh, E Filipa de Castro, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Ulises Trujillo, Alan D. Lopez, Soraya Seedat, Lope H Barrero, Linhong Wang, Daniel Pope, Alexandra Brazinova, Faris Lami, Valentina Colistro, G Anil Kumar, Derek F J Fay, Haidong Wang, Hwashin H. Shin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Suzanne Polinder, Dietrich Plass, David Rojas-Rueda, Stephen S Lim, Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Yuantao Hao, Jung-Chen Chang, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Luciano A. Sposato, Stan Biryukov, Kunihiro Matsushita, Beth E. Ebel, Cleusa P. Ferri, Soumya Swaminathan, K. Ryan Wessells, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Leslie T. Cooper, David O. Carpenter, Nancy Lopez, Bryan L. Sykes, Sandra Nolte, Murray B. Stein, Paul N. Jensen, Fabiola Mejía-Rodríguez, Xiaonong Zou, Bradford D. Gessner, Dhruv S. Kazi, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Alejandra Jáuregui, Pouria Heydarpour, Megan Bohensky, Harvey Whiteford, Berrak Bora Basara, Zhengming Chen, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul I. Dargan, Hermann Brenner, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, John Nelson Opio, Scott Weichenthal, Deborah Salvo, Jun She, Tea Lallukka, Carolyn C. Gotay, Stephen G. Waller, Christian Kieling, Shivanthi Balalla, Valery L. Feigin, Qing Lan, Matias Trillini, Adam D M Briggs, Sungroul Kim, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Renata Micha, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Ralph L. Sacco, Biju Abraham, Ken Takahashi, Jixiang Ma, Peter A. Meaney, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Kimberly Cooperrider, M Rifat Kose, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Rasmus Havmoeller, Alize J. Ferrari, Kebede Deribe, Nadim E. Karam, George A. Mensah, Bongani M. Mayosi, Konrad Pesudovs, Joanna Moschandreas, Ziad Nahas, James Damsere-Derry, Nsanzimana Sabin, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Ying Jiang, Andre Pascal Kengne, Peter Allebeck, Jonas Minet Kinge, Shankuan Zhu, Guy B. Marks, Daniel C Casey, Marco A Avila, Anna Roca, Lalit Dandona, Ami R. Moore, Adansi A. Amankwaa, David Gunnell, Andre Keren, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Nhung T Nguyen, Anthony D. Woolf, Mayuree Rao, Peter J. Allen, Christina Papachristou, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Ravi Kumar Balu, Marie Ng, Marcello Tonelli, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Maigeng Zhou, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mohammed K. Ali, Amanda W Pain, Dan J. Stein, Kawkab Shishani, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Howard J. Hoffman, James Scott, Nadine Steckling, Samia Alhabib, Deborah Jarvis, Kara Estep, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Ricardo Orozco, Holly Hagan, K. C. Astha, Reza Malekzadeh, Klara Dokova, Aliya Naheed, Ernst J. Kuipers, Valeria Caso, Derrick A Bennett, Andrea B. Feigl, Uche S. Uchendu, Holly E. Erskine, Shireen Sindi, Arjun Lakshmana Balaji, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Alejandra Cantoral, Ketevan Goginashvili, Raghib Ali, Fan Jiang, Robert G. Weintraub, Homie Razavi, Myriam Tobollik, Howard Hu, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Irma Khonelidze, Patricia M. Riccio, Eun-Kee Park, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Ibrahim Abubakar, Jürgen C Schmidt, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Alanur Çavlin, Ruth W Kimokoti, Samir Soneji, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, John Q. Wong, Joseph Frostad, Tom Achoki, Rahman Shiri, Ashish Bhalla, Kurt Straif, Simon I. Hay, Scott B. Patten, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ryan M Barber, Rosana E. Norman, JianLi Wang, Siyi Shangguan, Luke Nyakarahuka, Kovin Naidoo, Charles D. H. Parry, Mercedes Colomar, H. Ross Anderson, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Joan M. Nolla, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Karen Devries, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Denis Nash, Marape Marape, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dima M. Qato, Luca Ronfani, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Yuichiro Yano, Luke D. Knibbs, Margaret Robinson, Hilda L Harb, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Janet L Leasher, Jonathan L. Wright, Peter Brooks, Cristiana Abbafati, Belinda K Lloyd, Victor Aboyans, Nikhil Tandon, Charles R. Newton, Simón Barquera, Ted R. Miller, Kinnari S. Murthy, Habib Benzian, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Alexander Kraemer, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, Saman Fahimi, Lesley Rushton, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Logan Sandar, Bruce Neal, Teresa Shamah Levy, Karen M. Tabb, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Christopher J L Murray, Ramesh Sahathevan, Aaron Cohen, Chanda Kulkarni, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Rajeev Gupta, Neil Pearce, Mustafa Z. Younis, Veena S. Kulkarni, Francisco A García-Guerra, Amanda G. Thrift, Stefan Ma, Samaya Ismayilova, Evariste Gasana, Amitava Banerjee, Aslam Pervaiz, Emilie Agardh, Abraham D. Flaxman, Farshad Farzadfar, Peter W. Gething, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Boris Bikbov, Wanqing Chen, Saad B. Omer, Ruben Castro, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Kristen Delwiche, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Max Petzold, Yuri Y Varakin, Guilherme Borges, Guohong Jiang, Francis Guillemin, Kyle R. Heuton, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Joseph A Wagner, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Leonardo Trasande, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Josef Coresh, Chuanhua Yu, Kenji Shibuya, Berrin Serdar, Laetitia Huiart, Xiaofeng Liang, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Natalie Stephens, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson Traebert, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kjetil Søreide, Samath D Dharmaratne, Robert P. Dellavalle, George Mugambage Ruhago, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Dipan Bose, Tania C Aburto, Saleem M Rana, Miriam Levi, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan, Ron T. Gansevoort, H. D. Hosgood, Michael Burch, Mohsen Naghavi, Vegard Skirbekk, Ayfer Pekericli, Walter Mendoza, Pengpeng Ye, Gabrielle deVeber, Ali H. Mokdad, David M. Broday, Koranteng Adofo, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Shifalika Goenka, Carrie Beth Peterson, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, Edson Serván-Mori, Anil Kaul, Foad Abd-Allah, Marek Majdan, Rahul Gupta, Giancarlo Logroscino, Kardiyoloji, Peterson, Carrie B., Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), London South Bank University, Metropolitan Police Service, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Insight Centre for Data Analytics [Galway] (INSIGHT), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Risk Assessment Sciences Institute, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre de Robotique (CAOR), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Neuro Rehab Services LLP [New Delhi], Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Univ. Politec. de Catalunya, King‘s College London, Dept. Mat. Engn. De Ma, Sao Carlos, Fed. Univ. Sao Carlos UFSCar, RESPEC (RESPEC), RESPEC, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Department of Biology [Miami], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Health Care, Minister Of Labour-Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, University of Oxford [Oxford], College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], GEMMA — Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Tehran, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Public Health Division, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, George Washington University (GW), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Computer Science - China University of Geosciences (China University of Geosciences (East Area)), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), Univ New Delhi, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Cape Town, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Daejeon] (Chungnam National University), Lawrence University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), TCS Innovation Labs, University of Helsinki, Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Bari, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble [2013-2019] (ESPE Grenoble [2013-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa [Iowa City], College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Ministry of Health, Institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches agricoles du Sud, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Unit of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo', Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Department of Chemistry, Scientific Computing Research Unit, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, Department of epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Department of Neurology Lunds University Hospital Lund, Unit of Functional Bionanomaterials, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department - Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], World Health Organization, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Nordic School of Public Health, The James Hutton Institute, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Public Health, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Istituto Mario Negri Bergamo, Centro Ricerche e Trapianti Villa Camozzi, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut geològic de Catalunya (IGC), Institut Geològic de Catalunya-IGC, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Symantec, University of Oviedo, European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute (NEST), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University [Lund], University of Calgary, BioWare Corp, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-King‘s College London, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH)-Universidad del Desarrollo, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (ESPE Grenoble), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Sichuan University, Universitat de Barcelona, Interne Geneeskunde, Medische Sociologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive ( LAPSCO ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches ( UR ETGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Hong Kong Baptist University ( HKBU ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Insight Centre for Data Analytics (National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)) ( INSIGHT ), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Oslo ( UiO ) -University of Oslo ( UiO ), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], University of Southampton [Southampton], Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medical Center Utrecht, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative ( BFA ), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Centre de Robotique ( CAOR ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Department of Signal Theory and Communications ( TSC ), RESPEC ( RESPEC ), Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] ( ALES ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique ( INRAP ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP-Tunisie), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ), Tehran University, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe ( SAGE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy ( CRAN ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Freie Universität Berlin [Berlin], Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci ( DRDO, INMAS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Tata Research Development and Design Center ( TRDDC ), Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou [Angers] ( MOLTECH ANJOU ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Swedish Defense Research Agency ( FOI ), Servicio de Neurologia ( SANTIAGO - Neurologie ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover NJ 07936, USA, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering ( CAD Laboratory ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Centre d'étude et de recherche en informatique et communications ( CEDRIC ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise ( ENSIIE ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] ( Heudiasyc ), Université de Technologie de Compiègne ( UTC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble ( ESPE Grenoble ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth], The University of Sydney [Sydney], Département Optique ( OPT ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for TeleInFrastruktur ( CTIF ), Aalborg University [Denmark] ( AAU ), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita ( UNESP ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut geològic de Catalunya ( IGC ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires ( LPMA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] ( UFPE ), Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] ( LNCC / MCT ), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia ( CHOP ), Univeristy of Pennsylvania Medical School, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Medical College of Georgia, Electronic Navigation Research Institute ( ENRI ), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), University of Massachusetts [Boston] ( UMass Boston ), Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ro, Bachman, Victoria F, Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M, Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J, Kc, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H, Moradi Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A, Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E, Aburto, Tania C, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. 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M, Broday, David M, Brooks, Peter M, Bruce, Nigel G, Brugha, Traolach S, Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N, Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano, Julio C, Cantoral, Alejandra J, Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A, Chuang, Ting Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S, Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas Kd, Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercede, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Contreras, Alejandra G, Cooper, Cyru, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T, Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Damsere Derry, Jame, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E. Filipa, De la Cruz Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dessalegn, Muluken, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Devries, Karen M, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M, Ebel, Beth E, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F. 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M, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Guerrant, Richard L, Gugnani, Harish C, Guillemin, Franci, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heredia Pi, Ileana B, Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H. 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Kany, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M, Kissela, Brett M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M. Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Han, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis O, Lavados, Pablo M, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Jong Tae, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lindsay, M. Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J, Lopez, Nancy, Lortet Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M. 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C, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J, Teixeira, Carolina M, Téllez Rojo, Martha M, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Texcalac Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V, Thomson, Blake, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matia, Trujillo, Ulise, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uzun, Selen B, van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N, Vavilala, Monica S, Veerman, Lennert J, Velasquez Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S, Watts, Charlotte H, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Williams, Thomas N, Woldeyohannes, Solomon M, Wolfe, Charles D. A, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Wright, Jonathan L, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J., Cell biology, Epidemiology, Neurosciences, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Public Health, General practice, Bachman, Victoria F., Coates, Matthew M., Frostad, Joseph J., Astha, K.C., Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Thomas, Bernadette A., Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Puthenpurakal Abraham, Jerry, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Aburto, Tania C., Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Ali, Mohammed K., Allen, Peter J., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Argeseanu Cunningham, Solveig, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S., Asghar, Rana J., Atkins, Lydia S., Avila, Marco A., Bahit, Maria C., Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C., Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Batis Ruvalcaba, Carolina, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Beyene, Tariku J., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M., Bourne, Rupert R., Breitborde, Nicholas J., Briggs, Adam D.M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Bui, Linh N., Bulloch, Andrew G., Burney, Peter G.J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Carpenter, David O., Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Claßen, Thomas K.D., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Leslie T., Courville, Karen J., Criqui, Michael H., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, Jame, Dargan, Paul I., Davitoiu, Dragos V., De Castro, E. Filipa, De La Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Lima, Graça, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Des Jarlais, Don C., Deveber, Gabrielle A., Devries, Karen M., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Durrani, Adnan M., Ebel, Beth E., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elshrek, Yousef M., Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fay, Derek F.J., Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferri, Cleusa P., Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foreman, Kyle J., Fra Paleo, Urbano, Franklin, Richard C., Gankpé, Fortuné G., Gansevoort, Ron T., García-Guerra, Francisco A., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A.M., Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gonzalez De Cosio, Teresita, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C., Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Heuton, Kyle R., Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H., Hoy, Damian G., Huang, John J., Hubbell, Bryan J., Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Idrisov, Bulat T., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jansen, Henrica A., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jensen, Paul N., Jonas, Jost B., Kany Roseline, Sidibe S., Karam, Nadim E., Karema, Corine K., Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Khader, Yousef S., Ali Hassan Khalifa, Shams Eldin, Khan, Ejaz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Knibbs, Luke D., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kwan, Gene F., Lakshmana Balaji, Arjun, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Laryea, Dennis O., Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia E., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Lim, Stephen S., Lipshultz, Steven E., Lloyd, Belinda K., London, Stephanie J., Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Machado, Vasco M.P., Macintyre, Michael F., Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A., Mapoma, Christopher C., Margolis, David J., Marks, Guy B., Martin, Randall V., Marzan, Melvin B., Mashal, Mohammad T., Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mckay, Abigail C., Meaney, Peter A., Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Melaku, Yohannes A., Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George A., Apolinary Mhimbira, Franci, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Montañez Hernandez, Julio C., Moore, Ami R., Moturi, Wilkister N., Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Murthy, Kinnari S., Naidoo, Kovin S., Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ngalesoni, Frida N., Ngirabega, Jean De Dieu, Nguyen, Nhung T., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nogueira, José R., Nolla, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Omer, Saad B., Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S., Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pedraza, Lilia S., Pejin Stokic, Ljiljana, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perry, Samuel A.L., Phillips, Michael R., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pond, Constance D., Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima M., Quezada, Amado D., Quistberg, D. Alex A., Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Ur Rahman, Sajjad, Rana, Saleem M., Refaat, Amany H., Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Rojas-Rueda, David, Ruhago, George M., Sacco, Ralph L., Salomon, Joshua A., Sampson, Uchechukwu K., Sanabria, Juan R., Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S., Saunders, James E., Saylan, Mete I., Schmidt, Jürgen C., Schneider, Ione J.C., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shin, Hwashin H., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stapelberg, Nicolas J.C., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto T., Te Ao, Braden J., Teixeira, Carolina M., Téllez Rojo, Martha M., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Texcalac-Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach X., Tsala Dimbuene, Zacharie, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Uzun, Selen B., Van De Vijver, Steven, Van Gool, Coen H., Van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, Francesco S., Victorovich Vlassov, Vasiliy, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wallin, Mitchell T., Warouw, Tati S., Watts, Charlotte H., Weintraub, Robert G., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, John Q., Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Yan, Lijing L., Yentür, Gökalp K., Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaki, Maysaa E., Zunt, Joseph R., Lopez, Alan D., and Temesgen, A.M.

Subjects
Male, Fine particulate matter, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Sanitation, Health Behavior, Diseases, MESH: Metabolic Diseases, MESH: Global Health, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Risk Assessment, Global Health, MESH : Nutritional Status, MESH: Occupational Exposure, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine, Air-pollution, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Risk Assessment, Sanitation, Wasting, 2. Zero hunger, Factors de risc en les malalties, Medicine (all), [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, MESH : Occupational Diseases, MESH: Nutritional Status, All-cause mortality, MESH : Risk Factors, humanities, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Status, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Tobacco smoking, 3. Good health, Nutritional Statu, MESH : Occupational Exposure, MESH : Metabolic Diseases, Cohort, medicine.symptom, Risk assessment, Blood-pressure, Human, MESH: Occupational Diseases, Risk factors in diseases, Coronary-heart-disease, MESH : Male, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Population health, Body-mass index, 03 medical and health sciences, Household cooking, Cardiovascular-disease, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Life Science, MESH: Sanitation, Risk factor, MESH : Health Behavior, VLAG, GBD2013, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Risk Factor, Global Burden of Disease Study, 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks, Long-term exposure, MESH : Humans, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, MESH: Male, Metabolic Disease, Occupational Disease, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, MALE BRITISH DOCTORS, Years of potential life lost, Relative risk, Malalties, MESH : Global Health, OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Environmental Exposure, MESH: Female
Abstract

Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the fi rst of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantifi cation, particularly of modifi able risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the fi rst level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular fi ltration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2015

37. Technical Aspects of Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography: Current Status and New Applications

Author

Paul T. Weavers, Stephen J. Riederer, and Eric G. Stinson

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physics of magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast Media, Perfusion scanning, Review, Magnetic resonance angiography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Inventions, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Dixon imaging, High rate, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Mr angiography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast (music), acceleration methods, Early results, Female, Radiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Abstract

This article is based on a presentation at the meeting of the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in September 2016. The purpose is to review the technical developments which have contributed to the current status of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) and to indicate related emerging areas of study. Technical developments include MRI physics-based innovations as well as improvements in MRI engineering. These have collectively addressed not only early issues of timing and venous suppression but more importantly have led to an improvement in spatiotemporal resolution of CE-MRA of more than two orders of magnitude compared to early results. This has allowed CE-MRA to be successfully performed in virtually all vascular territories of the body. Contemporary technical areas of study include improvements in implementation of high rate acceleration, extension of high performance first-pass CE-MRA across multiple imaging stations, expanded use of compressive sensing techniques, integration of Dixon-based fat suppression into CE-MRA sequences, and application of CE-MRA sequences to dynamic-contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging.

Published
2017

38. Pre- and Postcontrast 3D Double Inversion Recovery Sequence in Multiple Sclerosis: A Simple and Effective MR Imaging Protocol

Author

Mark Mühlau, Jan S. Kirschke, Paul Eichinger, M.-M. Hoshi, Claus Zimmer, and Isabelle Riederer

Subjects
Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroimaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, 0302 clinical medicine, Precontrast, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Clinically isolated syndrome, business.industry, Adult Brain, Multiple sclerosis, Subtraction, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mr imaging, Female, Double inversion recovery, Neurology (clinical), Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The double inversion recovery sequence is known to be very sensitive and specific for MS-related lesions. Our aim was to compare the sensitivity of pre- and postcontrast images of 3D double inversion recovery and conventional 3D T1-weighted images for the detection of contrast-enhancing MS-related lesions in the brain to analyze whether double inversion recovery could be as effective as T1WI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A postcontrast 3D double inversion recovery sequence was acquired in addition to the standard MR imaging protocol at 3T, including pre- and postcontrast 3D T1WI sequences as well as precontrast double inversion recovery of 45 consecutive patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome between June and December 2013. Two neuroradiologists independently assessed precontrast, postcontrast, and subtraction images of double inversion recovery as well as T1WI to count the number of contrast-enhancing lesions. Afterward, a consensus reading was performed. Lin concordance was calculated between both radiologists, and differences in lesion detectability were assessed with the Student t test. Additionally, the contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Significantly more contrast-enhancing lesions could be detected with double inversion recovery compared with T1WI (16%, 214 versus 185, P = .007). The concordance between both radiologists was almost perfect (ρ(c) = 0.94 for T1WI and ρ(c) = 0.98 for double inversion recovery, respectively). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher in double inversion recovery subtraction images compared with T1-weighted subtraction images (double inversion recovery, 14.3 ± 5.5; T1WI, 6.3 ± 7.1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and postcontrast double inversion recovery enables better detection of contrast-enhancing lesions in MS in the brain compared with T1WI and may be considered an alternative to the standard MR imaging protocol.

Published
2017

39. Improved performance of prostate DCE-MRI using a 32-coil vs. 12-coil receiver array

Author

Adam T. Froemming, Akira Kawashima, Roger C. Grimm, Lance A. Mynderse, Eric A. Borisch, Joshua D. Trzasko, and Stephen J. Riederer

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Iterative reconstruction, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Diffusion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prostate, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Artifact (error), Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Improved performance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Electromagnetic coil, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiology, Artifacts, Nuclear medicine, business, Phantom studies, Sensitivity (electronics), Algorithms
Abstract

To assess whether acquisition with 32 receiver coils rather than the vendor-recommended 12 coils provides significantly improved performance in 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of the prostate.The study was approved by the institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA. 50 consecutive male patients in whom prostate MRI was clinically indicated were prospectively imaged in March 2015 with an accelerated DCE-MRI sequence in which image reconstruction was performed using 12 and 32 coil elements. The two reconstructions were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. The first was done using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and g-factor analysis to assess sensitivity to acceleration. The second was done using a five-point scale by two experienced radiologists using criteria of perceived SNR, artifact, sharpness, and overall preference. Significance was assessed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Extension to T2-weighted spin-echo and diffusion sequences was assessed in phantom studies.Reconstruction using 32 vs. 12 coil elements provided improved performance in DCE-MRI based on intrinsic SNR (18% higher) and g-factor statistics (14% higher), with a median 32% higher overall SNR within the prostate volume over all subjects. Reconstruction using 32 coils was qualitatively rated significantly improved (p0.001) vs. 12 coils on the basis of perceived SNR and radiologist preference and equivalent for sharpness and artifact. Phantom studies suggested the improvement in intrinsic SNR could extend to T2-weighted spin-echo and diffusion sequences.Reconstruction of 3D accelerated DCE-MRI studies of the prostate using 32 independent receiver coils provides improved overall performance vs. using 12 coils.

Published
2017

40. Cortical Alterations in Medication-Overuse Headache

Author

Franz Riederer, Spyridon Kollias, Peter S. Sandor, Marihan Kaya, Marie Schaer, Roger Luechinger, Lars Michels, Andreas R. Gantenbein, University of Zurich, and Sándor, Peter S

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, 610 Medicine & health, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 10043 Clinic for Neuroradiology, Voxel, Secondary analysis, Headache Disorders, Secondary, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, 10237 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, In patient, Gyrification, Cerebral Cortex, Fusiform cortex, Organ Size, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2728 Neurology (clinical), 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, 10036 Medical Clinic, 2808 Neurology, Temporal Regions, Left prefrontal cortex, Female, Neurology (clinical), Medication overuse, Psychology, computer, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective Using surface-based morphometry we aimed to provide a detailed examination of cortical alterations in medication-overuse headache (MOH), by disentangling between altered cortical thickness and gyrification (folding). Background In MOH, pain modulation is probably dysfunctional at the cortical and subcortical level, resulting in a disequilibrium between pain inhibition and facilitation. Both increased and decreased cortical volumes have been reported in individuals with MOH. There is however no detailed examination to date that distinguishes between altered cortical thickness and gyrification. Such distinction would help to identify the nature and timing of neurodevelopmental mechanisms at play in affected individuals. Methods We investigated cortical thickness and gyrification in 29 patients with MOH according to International Headache Society criteria and 29 age- and gender-matched controls, using high-resolution structural MRIs of the brain analyzed with FreeSurfer. This is a secondary analysis of data from a previously published voxel-based morphometry study. Results In patients with MOH compared to controls, reduced cortical thickness was observed in the left prefrontal cortex. We also observed higher local gyrification in one cluster extending from the fusiform cortex to adjacent medial temporal regions, and in another cluster in the right occipital pole. Higher gyrification in the right occipital pole predicted poor response after detoxification. Conclusions Corroborating previous volumetric results, our study adds information on the putative neurobiological mechanisms involved in MOH, suggesting neurodevelopmental changes in MOH.

Published
2016

41. Classification of bloodstream infections in patients recently discharged from acute-care facilities: Hospital acquired or healthcare-associated community onset?

Author

Kathleen Riederer, Leonard B. Johnson, Mohamad G. Fakih, Riad Khatib, and Mamta Sharma

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Infection risk, Critical Care, Epidemiology, Bacteremia, 030501 epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Healthcare associated, Acute care, Medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Community onset, Aged, Cross Infection, Bacteria, business.industry, Middle Aged, Patient Discharge, Infectious Diseases, Emergency medicine, Female, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

Laboratory-identified bloodstream infections (LAB-ID BSIs) in recently discharged patients are likely to be classified as healthcare-associated community-onset (HCA-CO) infections, even though they may represent hospital-onset (HO) infections. A review of LAB-ID BSIs among patients discharged within 14 days revealed that 109 of 756 cases (14.4%) were HO infections. The BSI risk being misclassified as HCA CO may underestimate the hospital infection risk.

Published
2019

42. Interictal Hyperperfusion in the Higher Visual Cortex in Patients With Episodic Migraine

Author

Spyros Kollias, Roger Luechinger, Lars Michels, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Franz Riederer, Andreas R. Gantenbein, Peter S. Sandor, Nabin Koirala, Jeanette Villanueva, Ruth L. O'Gorman, and Roman Büchler

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aura, Migraine Disorders, Angular gyrus, 03 medical and health sciences, Superior temporal gyrus, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ictal, 030212 general & internal medicine, Visual Cortex, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Visual cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Migraine, Cerebral blood flow, Cortical spreading depression, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cardiology, Female, Spin Labels, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Migraine pathophysiology is complex and probably involves cortical and subcortical alterations. Structural and functional brain imaging studies indicate alterations in the higher order visual cortex in patients with migraine. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) is a non-invasive imaging method for assessing changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo. Objective To examine if interictal CBF differs between patients with episodic migraine (EM) with or without aura and healthy controls (HC). Methods We assessed interictal CBF using 2D pseudo-continuous ASL-MRI on a 3 Tesla Philips scanner (University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland) in EM (N = 17, mean age 32.7 ± 9.9, 13 females) and HC (N = 19, mean age 31.0 ± 9.3, 11 females). Results Compared to HC, EM showed exclusively hyperperfusion in the right MT+ and Cohen's d effect size was 0.99 (HC mean CBF ± SD: 33.1 ± 5.9 mL/100 g/minutes; EM mean CBF: 40.9 ± 9.4 mL/100 g/minutes). EM with aura (N = 13, MwA) revealed hyperperfusion compared to HC in the right MT+ and superior temporal gyrus. For MT, Cohen's d effect size was 1.34 (HC mean CBF ± SD: 33.1 ± 5.9 mL/100 g/minutes; MwA mean CBF: 43.3 ± 8.6 mL/100 g/minutes). For the superior temporal gyrus, Cohen's d effect size was 1.28 (HC mean CBF ± SD: 40.1 ± 4.9 mL/100 g/minutes; MwA mean CBF: 47.4 ± 6.4 mL/100 g/minutes). In EM, anxiety was positively associated with CBF in the parietal operculum and angular gyrus. Conclusions Our results suggest that extrastriate brain regions probably involved in cortical spreading depression are associated with CBF changes in the interictal state. We conclude that ASL-MRI is a sensitive method to identify local neuro-functional abnormalities in CBF in patients with EM in the interictal state.

Published
2019

43. Assessment of paraspinal muscle characteristics, lumbar BMD, and their associations in routine multi-detector CT of patients with and without osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Author

Nico Sollmann, Isabelle Riederer, Alexandra S. Gersing, Monika Probst, Daniela Pfeiffer, Maximilian T. Löffler, Daniela Franz, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke, Egon Burian, and Benedikt J. Schwaiger

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, Male, Osteoporosis, Paraspinal Muscles, Lumbar vertebrae, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Psoas Muscles, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, Sex Factors, Bone Density, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Erector spinae muscles, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Bone mineral, Aged, 80 and over, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Age Factors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Multi detector ct, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Spinal Fractures, Female, business, Nuclear medicine, Paraspinal Muscle, Osteoporotic Fractures
Abstract

To investigate paraspinal muscle characteristics and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and their associations in routine abdominal multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) as well as the impact of osteoporotic vertebral fractures on such associations.116 patients (69.7 ± 8.1 years, 72 males) who underwent routine abdominal MDCT (oncological staging and/or follow-up for tumor recurrence) were retrospectively included and assigned to a fracture and control group (age- and gender-matched), depending on the presence or absence of lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures. BMD was derived from lumbar vertebrae using a conversion equation, and the cross-sectional area (CSA), CSA ratio (CSA psoas muscles divided by CSA erector spinae muscles), and muscle attenuation were measured for the psoas and erector spinae muscles at the levels L2 and L4/5 without dedicated software.Males showed significantly higher BMD, CSA, and CSA ratios at the levels L2 and L4/5, while females had decreased erector spinae muscle attenuation at L4/5 (p0.05). No significant differences between patients with versus without fractures were observed except for BMD (68.5 ± 37.2 mg/ml vs. 91.4 ± 26.8 mg/ml; p0.01). Age-adjusted partial correlation testing revealed significant correlations of BMD and the CSA ratio at level L4/5 (r = 0.20; p = 0.03), but not with muscle attenuation (p0.05).Paraspinal muscle characteristics and lumbar BMD can be assessed seamlessly in routine abdominal MDCT without dedicated software. There are level-dependent interactions between paraspinal muscle characteristics as well as lumbar BMD. Vertebral fracture status was independent of paraspinal muscle characteristics.

Published
2019

44. Astrocyte- and Microglia-Specific Mitochondrial DNA Deletions Levels in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease

Author

Michael Meder, Edna Grünblatt, Helmut Heinsen, Peter Riederer, Camelia-Maria Monoranu, Thomas Espach, Sabrina Strobel, University of Zurich, and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, hippocampus, Hippocampus, microglia, 2717 Geriatrics and Gerontology, mitochondrial DNA, Hippocampal formation, medicine.disease_cause, brainstem, Pathogenesis, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebellum, oxidative stress, 10064 Neuroscience Center Zurich, Aged, 80 and over, Microglia, General Neuroscience, 3203 Clinical Psychology, 2800 General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Alzheimer's disease, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Immunohistochemistry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Female, Astrocyte, Cell type, Mitochondrial DNA, cerebellum, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, selective vulnerability, Humans, Aged, astrocytes, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Astrocytes, Immunology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gene Deletion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, Brain Stem
Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions are markers of oxidative damage with an age-dependent accumulation. In a previous study, we analyzed mtDNA levels in diverse neuronal cell types in order to unravel the impact of oxidative stress in brains of AD patients. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlations between mtDNA deletion levels of selected astrocytes and microglia from three brain regions with different vulnerability to AD pathology and different stages of disease compared to controls. Our results reflect a higher vulnerability of hippocampal astrocytes and microglia to oxidative stress compared to other brain regions, such as cerebellum and brain stem.

Published
2019

45. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Investigating care practices pointed out to disparities in diagnosis and treatment across European Union

Author

Strand, Elin B., Nacul, Luis, Mengshoel, Anne Marit, Helland, Ingrid B., Grabowski, Patricia, Krumina, Angelika, Alegre Martín, José, Efrim-Budisteanu, Magdalena, Sekulic, Slobodan, Pheby, Derek, Sakkas, Giorgos K., Adella Sirbu, Carmen, Authier, François Jérôme, Murovska, Modra, Lacerda, Eliana, Estevez Lopez, Fernando, Scheibenbogen, C., Shi-Kova-Lekova, E., Lorusso, Lorenzo, Berkis, U., Westermeier, F., Riederer, M., Tobback, E., Meeus, Mira, Shikova-Lekova, E., Nielsen, H., Brandslund, I., Polo, O., De Korwin, J. D., Harrer, T., Prusty, B., Freitag, H., Trepel, D., Cullinan, John, Capelli, Enrica, Nora-Krukle, Z., Rasa, S., Vermeulen, R., Menhshoel, A. M., Helland, I. B., Zalewski, Paweł, Sepulveda, N., Sirbu, C. A., Vukadinovic, M., Marusic, U., Pisot, R., Castro-Marrero, Jesús., Blanco, Julià, Oltra, E., Miro, J., Berquist, J., Blomberg, J., Pheby, D., Edwards, J., Wang, X., and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Subjects
Male, Coping (psychology), diagnosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, chronic fatigue syndrome, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Public health surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health Surveillance, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Fatigue, media_common, Netherlands, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, treatment, Depression, Disease Management, Research Assessment, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Europe, myalgic encephalomyelitis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Medicine, Female, ME/CFS, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, MEDLINE, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Chronic fatigue syndrome, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European Union, European union, Healthcare Disparities, 030304 developmental biology, Treatment Guidelines, Health Care Policy, business.industry, Mood Disorders, medicine.disease, Health Care, Psychotherapy, Family medicine, Quality of Life, People and places, business, Mental Health Therapies, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

ME/CFS is a chronic, complex, multisystem disease that often limits the health and functioning of the affected patients. Diagnosing patients with ME/CFS is a challenge, and many different case definitions exist and are used in clinical practice and research. Even after diagnosis, medical treatment is very challenging. Symptom relief and coping may affect how patients live with their disease and their quality of life. There is no consensus on which diagnostic criteria should be used and which treatment strategies can be recommended for patients. The purpose of the current project was to map the landscape of the Euromene countries in respect of national guidelines and recommendations for case definition, diagnosis and clinical approaches for ME/CFS patients. A 23 items questionnaire was sent out by email to the members of Euromene. The form contained questions on existing guidelines for case definitions, treatment/management of the disease, tests and questionnaires applied, and the prioritization of information for data sampling in research. We obtained information from 17 countries. Five countries reported having national guidelines for diagnosis, and five countries reported having guidelines for clinical approaches. For diagnostic purposes, the Fukuda criteria were most often recommended, and also the Canadian Consensus criteria, the International Consensus Criteria and the Oxford criteria were used. A mix of diagnostic criteria was applied within those countries having no guidelines. Many different questionnaires and tests were used for symptom registration and diagnostic investigation. For symptom relief, pain and anti-depressive medication were most often recommended. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Graded Exercise treatment were often recommended as disease management and rehabilitative/palliative strategies. The lack of consistency in recommendations across European countries urges the development of regulations, guidance and standards. The results of this study will contribute to the harmonization of diagnostic criteria and treatment for ME/CFS in Europe.

Published
2019

46. Polymicrobial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Frequency, distinguishing characteristics and outcome

Author

Riad Khatib, Kathleen Riederer, Mamta Sharma, Leonard B. Johnson, and Laurence E. Briski

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Bacteremia, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Foot gangrene, Coinfection, business.industry, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Surgery, Pneumonia, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Cellulitis, Female, business
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is usually monomicrobial (M-SAB). We reviewed SAB in adults (≥18years old) over a 13year-period and compared polymicrobial (P-SAB) and M-SAB. We encountered 93 P-SAB among 1537 SAB cases (6.1%). The source distribution was comparable; however, source-specified differences were apparent. P-SAB was noted in 12/58 (20.7%) necrotizing soft tissue infections/sacral decubiti and foot gangrene vs. 1/122 (0.8%) cellulitis/abscesses (P0.001), in 7/64 (10.9%) femoral intravascular catheters (IVC) vs.16/376 (4.3%) IVC in other sites (P=0.03) and 15/134 (11.2%) healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) vs. 1/33 (3.0%) community-associated cases (P=0.1). Methicillin-resistance frequency was similar but community-associated SCCmec types (IV/V) were infrequent (17.9% vs. 34.2%; P=0.04). P-SAB was associated with higher mortality (50.5% vs. 24.2%; P0.001) across nearly all sources. In summary, P-SAB is infrequent, usually encountered in necrotizing soft tissue infections/decubiti, femoral IVC and possibly HAP. The actual incidence of S. aureus in these infections should be defined.

Published
2016

47. A Preliminary Multimethod Comparison of Sleep Among Adolescents With and Without Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Author

Laura Pyle, Dustin A. Haraden, Douglas K. Novins, Natalie Brim, Benjamin C. Mullin, David W. Kaplan, and Justin Riederer

Subjects
Male, Parents, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Generalized anxiety disorder, Adolescent, Poison control, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Injury prevention, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Psychiatry, Depression, 05 social sciences, Reproducibility of Results, Actigraphy, medicine.disease, Anxiety Disorders, Sleep in non-human animals, Clinical Psychology, Case-Control Studies, Anxiety, Female, Sleep diary, medicine.symptom, Sleep, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Previous studies suggest that youth with anxiety disorders experience their sleep as more disrupted and unsatisfying than their healthy peers. However, it is unclear whether these subjective complaints align with objective measures of sleep quantity and quality. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess subjective and objective sleep parameters, and their relationships with anxiety symptomatology, among adolescents (62.8% female, 81.4% Caucasian), ages 12 to 18 (M = 15.29 years), with generalized anxiety disorder (n = 26) and controls without any psychopathology (n = 17). We measured sleep over 7 nights using sleep diaries and actigraphy and collected self- and parent-report questionnaires pertaining to sleep, anxiety, and depression. Repeated-measures mixed models were used to examine relationships between nightly sleep duration and morning anxiety. We found a number of differences in sleep between our anxious and healthy participants. Via sleep diary, our anxious participants had longer sleep onset latencies and lower satisfaction with sleep relative to controls, whereas via actigraphy we found longer sleep onset latencies but greater overall sleep duration among anxious versus control participants. Actigraphic measures of sleep disturbance were associated with parent-report of anxiety and depression. Our mixed-model analyses revealed that decreases in nightly sleep duration were associated with increased morning anxiety, but only among our participants with generalized anxiety disorder. Findings suggest that sleep disturbance among anxious adolescents can be detected using both subjective and objective measures and that, for these individuals, fluctuations in sleep duration may have real consequences for daytime anxiety.

Published
2016

48. Acute Poisonings from Synthetic Cannabinoids — 50 U.S. Toxicology Investigators Consortium Registry Sites, 2010–2015

Author

Alex F. Manini, Anne M. Riederer, Robert G. Carlson, Jeffrey Brent, Edward W. Boyer, Paul M. Wax, and Sharan L. Campleman

Subjects
Adult, Male, Psychosis, Health (social science), Adolescent, Epidemiology, medicine.drug_class, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Poison control, Article, Designer Drugs, Toxicology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, 030225 pediatrics, Synthetic cannabinoids, medicine, Humans, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, biology, Cannabinoids, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, United States, Designer drug, Child, Preschool, Cannabinoid receptor binding, Female, Cannabinoid, Cannabis, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Recent reports suggest that acute intoxications by synthetic cannabinoids are increasing in the United States (1,2). Synthetic cannabinoids, which were research compounds in the 1980s, are now produced overseas; the first shipment recognized to contain synthetic cannabinoids was seized at a U.S. border in 2008 (3). Fifteen synthetic cannabinoids are Schedule I controlled substances (3), but enforcement is hampered by the continual introduction of new chemical compounds (1,3). Studies of synthetic cannabinoids indicate higher cannabinoid receptor binding affinities, effects two to 100 times more potent than Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis), noncannabinoid receptor binding, and genotoxicity (4,5). Acute synthetic cannabinoid exposure reportedly causes a range of mild to severe neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, renal, and other effects (4,6,7); chronic use might lead to psychosis (6,8). During 2010-2015, physicians in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) treated 456 patients for synthetic cannabinoid intoxications; 277 of the 456 patients reported synthetic cannabinoids as the sole toxicologic agent. Among these 277 patients, the most common clinical signs of intoxication were neurologic (agitation, central nervous system depression/coma, and delirium/toxic psychosis). Relative to all cases logged by 50 different sites in the ToxIC Case Registry, there was a statistically significant association between reporting year and the annual proportion of synthetic cannabinoid cases. In 2015, reported cases of synthetic cannabinoid intoxication increased at several ToxIC sites, corroborating reported upward trends in the numbers of such cases (1,2) and underscoring the need for prevention.

Published
2016

49. Pain modulation is affected differently in medication-overuse headache and chronic myofascial pain – A multimodal MRI study

Author

Lars Michels, Gunther Landmann, Peter S. Sandor, Andreas R. Gantenbein, Spyros Kollias, Franz Riederer, Vivian R Steiger, Foteini Christidi, Sebastian R Schreglmann, University of Zurich, and Michels, Lars

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 610 Medicine & health, Multimodal Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 10043 Clinic for Neuroradiology, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Headache Disorders, Secondary, medicine, Humans, Myofascial Pain Syndromes, Aged, Pain modulation, medicine.diagnostic_test, 10093 Institute of Psychology, business.industry, Myofascial pain, Functional connectivity, DoktoratPsych, Brain, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, 2728 Neurology (clinical), Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, 030104 developmental biology, 10036 Medical Clinic, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Medication overuse, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

Background Neuroimaging studies revealed structural and functional changes in medication-overuse headache (MOH), but it remains unclear whether similar changes could be observed in other chronic pain disorders. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated functional connectivity (FC) with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in patients with MOH ( N = 12) relative to two control groups: patients with chronic myofascial pain (MYO; N = 11) and healthy controls (CN; N = 16). Results In a data-driven approach we found hypoconnectivity in the fronto-parietal attention network in both pain groups relative to CN (i.e. MOH Conclusions Hyperconnectivity within the SN along with associated white matter changes therein suggest a particular role of this network in MOH. In addition, abnormal connectivity between the PAG and other pain modulatory (frontal) regions in MOH are consistent with dysfunctional central pain control.

Published
2016

50. Associations between metals in residential environmental media and exposure biomarkers over time in infants living near a mining-impacted site

Author

Robert O. Wright, Anne M. Riederer, John D. Spengler, Adrienne S. Ettinger, Chitra Amarasiriwardena, Laurel A. Schaider, James P. Shine, and Ami R. Zota

Subjects
Male, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Epidemiology, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental media, Environmental pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Umbilical cord, Mining, Article, Cohort Studies, Metals, Heavy, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Soil Pollutants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cadmium, business.industry, Drinking Water, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Dust, Oklahoma, Environmental Exposure, Environmental exposure, Fetal Blood, Pollution, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cord blood, Environmental chemistry, Housing, Regression Analysis, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Environmental Pollution, business, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring, Hair
Abstract

Infant exposures to metals are a concern for mining-impacted communities, although limited information is available to assess residential exposures over the first year of life. We measured lead (Pb), manganese, arsenic, and cadmium in indoor air, house dust, yard soil, and tap water from 53 infants’ homes near the Tar Creek Superfund Site (Oklahoma, USA) at two time points representing developmental stages before and during initial ambulation (age 0–6 and 6–12 months). We measured infant metal biomarkers in: umbilical cord blood (n = 53); 12- (n = 43) and 24- (n = 22) month blood; and hair at age 12 months (n = 39). We evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between infant residential and biomarker concentrations. A doubling of mean dust Pb concentration was consistently associated with 36–49% higher 12-month blood Pb adjusting for cord blood Pb (P≤ 0.05). Adjusted dust concentration explained 29–35% of blood Pb variance, and consistent associations with other media were not observed. Although concentrations in dust and blood were generally low, strong and consistent associations between dust and body burden suggest that house dust in mining-impacted communities may impact children’s health. These relationships were observed at a young age, typically before blood Pb levels peak and when children’s development may be particularly vulnerable to toxic insult.

Published
2015

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