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With the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs, patients are being discharged earlier and require more post-discharge teaching, educational materials, and information. The purpose of this study is to assess satisfaction, discharge needs, and follow-up concerns of patients within an ERAS implementation program (iERAS). Between 2012 and 2015, the iERAS program was undertaken at an academic hospital where 554 patients having elective colorectal surgery were enrolled. After discharge, patients were sent a survey containing multiple choice questions, preference ranking, and open-ended questions. Free-text responses were analyzed through a thematic approach. Overall, 496 patients were mailed surveys and 219 (44.2%) completed the survey. Ninety-three percent were satisfied with the discharge information, and 90% felt they were ready for discharge. Eighty-six percent of patients saw their surgeon at 6 weeks, and 88% were satisfied with this follow-up plan. Some patients felt they had inadequate post-operative information, including how to resolve complications while at home and lack of reliable information for common post-operative occurrences. Patients with ostomies wanted more information about what to expect post-discharge and what symptoms were normal. Support from the homecare team and having a surgical nurse available were considered to be essential. Improved post-operative education for surgical patients prior to discharge within iERAS is required to facilitate patient-centered discharge planning. Such interventions may help decrease unplanned hospital visits during the immediate post-discharge period.

Trying to remember something now typically improves your ability to remember it later. However, after watching a video of a simulated bank robbery, participants who verbally described the robber were 25% worse at identifying the robber in a lineup than were participants who instead listed U.S. states and capitals—this has been termed the “verbal overshadowing” effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). More recent studies suggested that this effect might be substantially smaller than first reported. Given uncertainty about the effect size, the influence of this finding in the memory literature, and its practical importance for police procedures, we conducted two collections of preregistered direct replications (RRR1 and RRR2) that differed only in the order of the description task and a filler task. In RRR1, when the description task immediately followed the robbery, participants who provided a description were 4% less likely to select the robber than were those in the control condition. In RRR2, when the description was delayed by 20 min, they were 16% less likely to select the robber. These findings reveal a robust verbal overshadowing effect that is strongly influenced by the relative timing of the tasks. The discussion considers further implications of these replications for our understanding of verbal overshadowing.

This study reports results of a facial tissue depth measurements project conducted over a two-year period on a modern sample of children and adults of both sexes and varying ages and races. The purpose of this research was to increase available tissue depth data for children and update facial tissue depth measurements for American adults. Most volunteers for this project were patients or visitors to the pediatric clinic at the Louisiana State University Medical Center, School of Dentistry, in New Orleans. Using state of-the-art ultrasound technology, we scanned 551 children and 256 adults at 19 points across the face. Thirteen of the scanned points were traditional landmarks while six others were areas not measured by previous researchers or were points for which very little data exist for both children and adults. For this presentation, we analyzed data for 515 children and 197 adults. Results of Pearson's correlations, analysis of variance, and paired t-tests indicate that age, sex, and race are significant factors when considering tissue depth means for different measurement locations across the human face. These new standards are compared to the work of other researchers. Our results provide valuable assistance in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional facial reproductions and superimpositions.

The biopersistence of fibers and minerals in the respiratory tract is an important parameter in the toxicity of those materials. The biopersistence of respirable synthetic fibers and minerals in man can be most closely evaluated in an animal model. While acellular and in vitro systems are important for initial evaluation of solubility and durability, they cannot simulate the dynamics of inhalation deposition and clearance and the subsequent systemic reaction to fibers and minerals that occurs in the animal. To evaluate the biopersistence of synthetic fibers, male rats were exposed to a well defined rat respirable aerosol of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF), 6 hr/day for 5 days. Following exposure, subgroups were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 1 hr to 52 weeks. Following sacrifice, the lungs were removed, weighed, and immediately frozen at 20 degrees C for subsequent digestion by low temperature plasma ashing. The number, size distribution, and chemical composition of the fibers in the aerosol and lung were determined. With this animal model the role of biopersistence in altering the geometry and clearance of fibers can be systematically evaluated. The model also can be applied for the evaluation of the biopersistence of nonfibrous minerals.

This study compares the ability of 3 thrombolytic drugs to promote clot lysis using a new in vitro testing procedure. Whole blood samples from 132 patients were tested using 5 different concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase (SK) and urokinase. A mixture of blood and thrombolytic drug was placed on a dryreagent test card containing reptilase, buffers and paramagnetic particles where clot formation occurred. Analysis of the motion of the clot-embedded paramagnetic particles caused by an oscillating magnetic field was used to define the lysis onset time. The slope of the linear regression plot of lysis onset time versus 1/[drug concentration] defined the kinetic rate constant (k) for each drug in each patient. Higher values of k indicated greater resistance to in vitro clot lysis. In the patients studied, there was a large range of k values for t-PA and SK (coefficient of variation 143 and 137%, respectively) but a smaller range of k for urokinase (coefficient of variation 32%). The coefficients of variation for t-PA and SK observed in the study group were five- to 10-fold greater than the coefficients of variation determined for replicate test measurements. Resistance to all SK concentrations tested was found in 9% of the patients. In vitro sensitivity to thrombolysis was compared among the drugs by correlating the derived k values. These comparisons indicated no relation for any of the drugs; many patients had a relatively low k value for 1 drug, while having a relatively high k value for a different drug. Preliminary results in 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction tested prospectively with a clinical version of this system identified 1 patient in whom there likely was a failure of the thrombolytic drug. These data suggest that in vitro testing before the administration of a thrombolytic drug is feasible and may be clinically useful in determining the drug choice for an individual patient.

Inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion is unusual and was not previously investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior AMI predicts a specific angiographic morphology that satisfies 2 necessary conditions: (1) mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium is relatively small, resulting in a weaker anterior injury current and less reciprocal inferior ST-segment depression; and (2) there is concomitant inferior wall transmural ischemia that further shifts the inferior ST segments upward. The study group consisted of 42 consecutive patients with anterior AMI undergoing angiography at 4.1 days (range 0 to 14). Coronary angiograms were examined for 3 features: (1) site of LAD artery occlusion (a distal obstruction implying a smaller mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium), (2) LAD artery extension onto inferior wall of left ventricle (termed a "wrap around" vessel), and (3) collateral flow from LAD artery to inferior wall. The latter 2 features would be expected to contribute to inferior wall transmural ischemia. Acute inferior ST-segment elevation (sum of ST-segment deviation in leads II, III and aVF greater than or equal to 3.0 mm) was seen in 7 patients (16%). A greater number of LAD artery branches proximal to the site of occlusion was significantly correlated with less inferior ST-segment depression (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)