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Objective Decompressive craniectomy (DC) lowers intracranial pressure and improves outcomes in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery stroke; yet, its usefulness in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. The authors sought to assess the preliminary utility of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) without clot evacuation in patients with deep-seated supratentorial ICH. Patients and methods Patients with deep seated spontaneous ICH who were admitted to the Golestan Hospital, of Ahvaz, from November 2014 to February 2016, were prospectively enrolled in this study. A prospective clinical trial where 30 patients diagnosed having large hypertensive ICH was randomly allocated to either group A or B using permuted-block randomization. These patients (n = 30), who all had large deep seated supratentorial ICH with surgery indications, were randomly divided to two groups. ultimately, in one group (n = 13), large DHC was performed without clot evacuation, while in the other (n = 17), craniotomy with clot evacuation was done. Data pertaining to the patients' characteristics and treatment outcomes were prospectively collected. Results There was no statistically significant difference between two treatment groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mortality and GOS at 6 months (P > 0.05); nevertheless, the good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale = 4–5) for patients with hematoma evacuation was slightly higher (35.3%) as compared to the DHC patients without clot evacuation (30.7%). Conclusion Decompresive craniectomy without clot evacuation in deep seated ICH can be accomplished with identical mortality and outcome in comparison to patient that undergone clot evacuation.

The ventriculus terminalis (VT) is a small ependyma-lined cavity within the conus medullaris that is in direct continuity with the central canal of the spinal cord. Cystic dilatation of the ventriculus terminalis on its own is an extremely rare pathological event in adults whose pathogenesis is uncertain. VT has been described in children as a normal developmental phenomenon. These lesions are often diagnosed incidentally during imaging and are in most cases asymptomatic, especially in children. Symptomatic dilatation of VT in adults is a rare condition with 61cases being reported to date. Symptomatic dilatation of VT in children has not been reported till now. We present a 5 year-old-boy with a sphincteric and walking disorder. The patient was assessed by clinical, electrophysiological and urodynamic investigations as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar-sacral segment with and without gadolinium enhancement. Lumbar-sacral MRI demonstrated the presence of a cystic lesion containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which did not enhance after gadolinium, compatible with the diagnosis of the ventriculus terminalis dilation.The patient underwent laminectomy and the cyst wall was fenestrated with a midline myelotomy. In 6-month of follow-up, urinary problems and gait disturbance improved.

Aim To determine the effect of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid (TXA) on traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Material and methods A total of 94 cases of TBI with intracerebral hemorrhage, admitted to the emergency department who did not need surgical intervention based on a primary brain spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, were randomly assigned into two groups of 47 patients. In the intervention group, intravenous TXA was administered as one gram of bolus and one gram every 6 hours for 48 hours, and in the control group, the placebo was administered in the same way. After 6, 24, and 48 hours all the cases underwent a brain CT scan. Scans were examined for the size and diameter of hematoma and the midline shift. The information regarding the level of consciousness, hematoma volume, and diameter on CT scan were recorded on arrival and 48 hours later. Results Statistical results depict that while there was no considerable difference in the demographic aspect of the two groups, the volume and diameter of hematoma and the midline shift in the first CT scans and also their level of consciousness, the diameter and volume of hematoma and also the amount of hematoma expansion in follow up are significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion The present study showed that the prescription of TXA would reduce the amount of hematoma expansion in traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and that medication can be introduced to reduce morbidity and complications.

Background: The asterion is located at the posterior lateral side of the skull at the junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital bones.Methods: We examined the morphology of the asterion, its...

Varicocele is among the leading causes of male infertility. Despite decades of research, its pathogenesis is still unclear. S100A12 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins with principal extracellular activities. It is secreted by activated neutrophils and interacts with the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Many studies have delineated the patterns of S100A12 expression in a variety of pathologic conditions. These data show that S100A12 could be a potentially useful inflammatory marker. To explore the relationship between S100A12 and infertility, we examined the amount of S100A12 in semen of infertile men who suffered from varicocele. S100A12 levels in seminal plasma of 68 infertile men with varicocele (age range 30–45 years) and 68 healthy fertile controls were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using both parametric and nonparametric tests. Results of this study showed that the seminal levels of S100A12 were significantly increased in infertile men with varicocele when compared to fertile controls (P

BACKGROUND: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and prostate cancer are the most frequent cancers in the male genitourinary tract. Measurement of biological biomarkers may facilitate clinical monitoring and aid early diagnosis of TCC. The aim of the present investigation was to detect the mRNA levels of S100A12 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) in patients suffering from bladder TCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To explore the involvement of S100A12 and RAGE genes, total RNA was harvested from cancer tissues and samples obtained from normal non-tumorized urothelium of the same patients. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was subsequently employed to determine the mRNA levels of S100A12 and RAGE. RESULTS: The results showed that mRNA expression of S100A12 and RAGE was significantly up-regulated in the cancer tissue. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results presented in the current study, mRNA expression of S100A12 and RAGE might be as a useful biomarker for TCC. Therefore, this ligand-receptor axis possibly plays important roles in the development of TCC and may serve either as an early diagnostic marker or as a key factor in monitoring of response to treatment. More research is required concerning inhibition of the S100A12-RAGE axis in different cancer models.