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Although previous research has established a link between early interpersonal callousness (IC) from childhood to adolescence and later antisocial behavior and psychopathic features, the majority of these studies assess more proximal outcomes (e.g., assessed in adolescence). Thus, it is unclear whether youth with early-onset chronic levels of IC will continue to have negative outcomes into adulthood (i.e., roughly 14 years after IC was assessed). The current study used data from the youngest cohort (N = 503) of the Pittsburgh Youth Study to examine how latent classes of youth with different developmental patterns of IC across a 7-year period (∼ages 8 to 15) differed in their official records of juvenile (∼ages 16-17) and young adult (∼ages 18-31) offending, as well as self-reported psychopathic features and aggression in young adulthood (∼age 29). Results indicated that after adjusting for race, early offending, and externalizing behaviors in adolescence, youth with an early-onset chronic pattern of IC had substantially elevated risk for a serious and persistent pattern of offending, particularly violent offending. However, once these covariates were included, IC class no longer significantly predicted psychopathic features in adulthood. Thus, it is possible that the stability from early patterns of IC to adult psychopathic features may have previously been overstated. Future work could examine whether interventions to reduce IC in childhood and adolescence could successfully result in improved outcomes into adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a devastating chronic inflammatory skin disease with frequent recurrences. Various systemic treatments and procedures have been used but the efficacy of fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) has not been reported. Aim To evaluate the clinical and histological efficacy of FMR in the treatment of HS lesions. Methods An 8-week, prospective, split-body, unblinded study was conducted, which enrolled 10 adult patients with mild to moderate HS to receive 3 sessions of FMR treatment biweekly. HS severity was assessed using the number and type of lesions, HS Physician Global Assessment (HS-PGA) and the modified Sartorius score (mSS). Skin biopsies were performed on participants to assess change in inflammation before and after FMR. Results Severity of HS was significantly reduced on the FMR-treated side of the body, but not on the control side. Inflammatory HS lesions were significantly reduced after 4 weeks, while HS-PGA and mSS were significantly decreased after 6 weeks. Immunohistochemistry staining showed decreased expression of inflammatory markers including neutrophil elastases, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinases. Conclusion FMR may be a viable treatment option for mild to moderate HS.

To examine the effect of schistosomiasis on the development of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.The clinical data of patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer with and without schistosomiasis japonica that were admitted to the Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. All cases were divided into schistosomal gastric cancer group and non - schistosomal gastric cancer group, schistosomal colorectal cancer group and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer group. The risk factors of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the effects of schistosomiasis on the development and progression of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were evaluated. In addition, the survival of 32 patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer and 68 cases with non-schistosomal colorectal were estimated using telephone follow-up, and compared.There were 113 patients with schistosomal gastric cancer and 3 741 cases with non-schistosomal gastric cancer enrolled in this study, and there were significant differences between them in terms of sex ratio, age and prevalence ofSchistosomiasis may alter the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, resulting in the differences in the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and 5-year survival rate between patients with schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. Periodical gastrointestinal endoscopy and other examinations are recommended to exclude the likelihood of gastrointestinal cancers in men with anemia of unknown causes and at ages of 60 years living in schistosomiasis-endemic areas.

This study was aimed to observe the significance of the left atrium (LA) functional index combined with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in predicting recurrence in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA). Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) was used to observe the structural and functional changes of LA in patients with PAF after CPVA. BNP is a hemodynamic indicator of myocardial stretching increase in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.243 patients with PAF who intended to undergo CPVA were selected in the study, and the following clinical data of the patients were collected. Firstly, the blood BNP levels measured before CPVA. Secondly, the measurements of routine echocardiography before CPVA. RT-3DE was used to obtain the time-volume curve of LA. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting PAF recurrence after CPVA. Finally, we obtained the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of PAF recurrence predicted by the independent risk factors.A total of 233 AF patients with an average age of 63.1 ± 9.3 years (range, 39-75 years; male: female =195: 38) underwent CPVA. 42 patients had AF recurrence (18.0%) during 3-6months follow-up after an operation blanking period of 3 months, BNP in the Recurrence Group was higher than that in Sinus Rhythm Group (p≤0.001). The preoperative left minimum volume index (LAVImin), left atrial volume index before contraction (LAVIpre-a) were higher in Recurrence Group than in Sinus Rhythm Group (p≤0.001). Expansion index, Diastolic emptying index (DEI), Passive emptying index (PEI), Active emptying index (AEI) were lower in the Recurrence Group than in the Sinus Rhythm Group (p≤0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that BNP and DEI were independent predictors for PAF recurrence (OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p=0.001; OR=0.655, 95% CI: 0.57-0.75, p=0.001). The AUC of BNP, DEI and combined index for recurrence of CPVA were higher than LAVImax (p range: 0.001-0.013).In patients with PAF treated with CPVA, the impaired DEI of LA reservoir function and increased BNP may be useful predictors of PAF recurrence.

The mortality risk showed a positive correlation as the number of subsequent fractures increased. Hip fracture showed the greatest association with mortality risk, followed by vertebral fracture. For the combination of hip and vertebral fracture, a hip fracture after a vertebral fracture showed the highest mortality risk.It is unclear whether subsequent fractures or a certain location and sequence of subsequent fractures are associated with mortality risk in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the relationship between subsequent fractures and mortality risk.Using the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database, we analyzed the cohort data of 24,756 patients aged 60 years who sustained fractures between 2002 and 2013. Cox regression was used to assess the mortality risk associated with the number, locations, and sequences of subsequent fractures.Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for women and men were shown to be associated with the number of subsequent fractures (one, 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-1.80) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.28-1.58); two, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.47-2.08) and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.69-2.43); three or more, 2.46(95% CI, 1.92-3.15) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.34-2.74), respectively). For women, the mortality risk was high when hip (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.80-3.44) or vertebral (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03-1.90) fracture occurred as a second fracture. Compared with a single hip fracture, there was a high mortality risk in the group with hip fracture after the first vertebral fracture (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.86-4.54), followed by vertebral fracture after the first hip fracture (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.12-3.22).The mortality risk showed a positive correlation as the number of subsequent fractures increased. Hip fracture showed the greatest association with mortality risk, followed by vertebral fracture. For the combination of hip and vertebral fracture, a hip fracture after a vertebral fracture showed the highest mortality risk.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between parental disengagement in childhood and adolescent gun carrying and determine whether this association is accounted for by externalizing problems and affiliation with delinquent peers during early adolescence. METHODS: The sample included 503 boys (55.7% African American, 40.6% white, 3.7% other) recruited from first-grade classrooms in Pittsburgh public schools. Multi-informant assessments were conducted regularly (semiannually then annually) from approximately ages 7.5 to 20 years. Latent factors were constructed by using parent-reported parental disengagement (ie, poor parental involvement, poor parent-son communication, poor parent-son relationship quality) collected from ages 7.5 to 10 years, youth-reported peer delinquency from ages 10.5 to 13 years, and teacher-reported externalizing problems from ages 10.5 to 13 years. The outcome was youth-reported gun carrying from ages 14 to 20 years. RESULTS: Twenty percent of individuals sampled reported carrying a gun during adolescence. Childhood parental disengagement was significantly associated with adolescent gun carrying (β = .22; 95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.36). Furthermore, the association between parental disengagement and gun carrying was partially mediated through peer delinquency and externalizing problems during early adolescence. The 2 indirect paths accounted for ∼29% of the total effect of parental disengagement. CONCLUSIONS: Boys exposed to poorer parental engagement during childhood are more likely to affiliate with delinquent peers and exhibit externalizing problems during early adolescence, which (in turn) increases their risk of carrying a firearm in later adolescence. This suggests that gun violence prevention efforts with children should work to enhance aspects of parental engagement.

Glucocorticoids are well known to inhibit the release of hypophysiotrophic hormones from neurones originating in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but the cellular mechanisms of the inhibition are not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) on the spontaneous firing activity in the neurosecretory parvocellular PVN neurones of rat brain slices. The neurones were identified by injecting a retrograde dye into the pituitary stalk and classified according to their electrophysiological properties. The intranuclear distribution, electrophysiological properties, and hypophysiotrophic hormone phenotype of the labelled type II PVN neurones were similar to neurosecretory parvocellular PVN neurones. In the neurones of sham-operated rats under the cell-attached recording mode, we observed three spontaneous activity patterns: tonic regular (24%), tonic irregular (36%), and silent (40%). Noradrenaline (100 microM) induced an excitatory or an inhibitory effect on the spontaneous activity. Noradrenergic excitation was blocked by prazosin (2 microM, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), and mimicked by phenylephrine (100 microM, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist), whereas noradrenergic inhibition was blocked by yohimbine (2 microM, alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist) and mimicked by clonidine (50 microM, alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist). In the neurones of ADX rats, we found burst firing in 35% of neurones tested and an increase in the frequency of spontaneous firing. The burst firing was not observed in the neurones of the sham-operated rats. ADX caused a 1.7-fold increase in the proportion of neurones showing the noradrenergic excitation. Supplementation of the ADX rats with corticosterone (10 mg pellet) reversed the ADX-induced burst firing, and the potentiation of noradrenergic excitation. In summary, our results show that removal of corticosterone by ADX can elevate the neuronal excitability by increasing the spontaneous firing rate and by potentiating the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitation, and it can facilitate hormone release by inducing burst firing. Our results provide new insight to the cellular mechanisms of the feedback inhibition by glucocorticoids in the neurosecretory parvocellular neurones of the PVN.

Abruptly discontinuing warfarin may induce a rebound prothrombotic state. Thrombolytic agents may also paradoxically induce prothrombotic conditions, which include platelet activation and thrombin generation. Therefore, prothrombotic states may be enhanced by withdrawing warfarin in patients under thrombolytic treatment. This study was aimed to determine whether patients with warfarin withdrawal have different clinical outcomes from those without warfarin use after thrombolytic treatment. A total of 148 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who were not on anticoagulants at admission and who received thrombolysis were included in this study. We compared the outcomes between a warfarin withdrawal group and a no-warfarin group. Fourteen patients (9.5%) were included in the warfarin withdrawal group. Although baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, recanalization rates, and hemorrhage frequencies did not differ between the groups, the warfarin withdrawal group showed poorer outcomes. Increased NIHSS scores during the first 7days were more frequent in the warfarin withdrawal group (57.1% vs. 26.9%, P=0.029). The median percent improvement in NIHSS scores at 24h after thrombolysis was also lower in the warfarin withdrawal group. After adjusting for covariates, warfarin withdrawal was a strong predictor of poor functional outcome at 3months (modified Rankin score≥3) (odds ratio, 17.067, 95% CI 2.703-107.748). Discontinuing warfarin was associated with early neurologic deterioration and poor long-term outcomes after thrombolytic treatment.

HLA-A*11:125 allele differs from A*11:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at nt 140 from T to C.

Perforating artery territorial infarction (PAI) is usually a small artery disease (SAD). However, it may also result from branch artery occlusion or arterial embolism from the proximal atherosclerotic lesions. We hypothesized that patients with PAI caused by a SAD may have a distinct pattern of systemic artery involvement from those with PAI caused by large artery diseases.We investigated retrospectively 329 consecutive patients with PAI who had angiographic studies. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of atherosclerosis in the parent artery or relevant artery: no arterial lesion (NAL), relevant artery atherosclerosis (RAA) and parent artery atherosclerosis (PAA). The relevant artery was defined as any artery which can cause index stroke. The parent artery was defined as an original artery that branches out and forms small artery which was responsible for index PAI. Systemic evidence of atherosclerosis and risk factors were compared.Of the 329 patients with PAI, 109 had RAA, 45 had PAA and 175 had neither RAA nor PAA. There were no differences amongst the groups in the classic risk factors for atherosclerosis. Evidence of atherosclerosis in arterial beds other than the relevant artery to the infarction (other cerebral arteries, coronary arteries, descending aorta and peripheral arteries) was significantly lower in the NAL group (49.7%) than in either the PAA group (88.9%) or RAA group (93.6%).Perforating artery territorial infarction with RAA or PAA when compared to PAI without atherosclerosis showed different involvement patterns of systemic atherosclerosis, suggesting potentially different aetiological mechanisms.

To determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in nasal inverted papillomas (NIP) and to clarify the function of VEGF in the establishment of NIPs.VEGF and its receptor, fetal liver kinase-1 (flk-1) expression were examined by immunohistochemistry using SP method in sections of NIPs from 11 patients and inferior turbinates from 6 patients with chronic simple rhinitis. An automatic image analyzer was used to detect the staining results. Gray scale, a half-quantitative parameter, was used to describe the expression of VEGF and flk-1.It showed that all the epithelium in NIPs, together with vascular and stroma adjacent to the epithelium, expressed different degree of VEGF. The VEGF expression in epithelium was significantly stronger in NIPs than that in inferior turbinates (P0.001). The expressions of both VEGF and flk-1 in vascular endothelium were more intense in NIPs than that in inferior turbinates (P0.001, P0.001). Flk-1 positive expression was observed in epithelium of NIPs but not in inferior turbinates.The results suggest that VEGF participate in the growth of NIPs, part of which shows the characteristics of containing plenty of blood vessels and being bloody in operation. The enhanced expression of VEGF may also play a key role in the development of edematous stroma. The expression degree of VEGF in the epithelium may be identified as one of the parameters of judging the propensity of NIPs' malignant transformation.

To explore the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on plasma endothelin (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO) and renal function in renal-hypertension patients.Sixty renal-hypertension patients (Group II) were treated with ACEI (lotensin) for 10 weeks then we measure their blood pressure (BP), plasma ET-1, NO and renal functions (BUN, Scr and proteinuria) before and after the treatment. Thirty healthy persons (Group I) acted as control.The level of plasma ET-1 was higher and plasma NO was lower in Group II than those in Group I. After the treatment of ACEI plasma ET-1 and proteinuria were decreased (P0.01), and NO increased in Group II significantly (P0.01), while BUN and Scr decreased in abnormal-renal function patients (Group II2) (P0.05, P0.01).The Study indicates that: ACEI is effective to renal hypertension; it decreases plasma ET-1 and increases NO in the renal hypertension patients; ACEI may play an important role in protection of renal functions and prolonging the chronic renal failure.

To develop an algorithm for use in population-based studies to assess testicular function by measurements of total urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).Total concentrations of urinary FSH were measured in a group of 44 men at the University of California, Davis (UCD) and were compared to FSH measurements in serum. On the basis of these and other published data, a urinary FSH value of2 ng/mg creatinine (Cr) was selected as the cutoff point to identify men with elevated serum FSH (12 IU/L) or low sperm counts (20 million/mL).The sensitivity and specificity of this algorithm for detecting elevated serum FSH in a group of 58 agricultural workers in the People' s Republic of China were 100% and 50%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of this algorithm for detecting low sperm counts in a population of 105 infertility patients at UCD were 58 % and 76 %, respectively.This test may have particular value in identifying populations with no evidence of testicular toxicity, and in which labor-intensive semen studies may not be feasible.

A recognized major postoperative complication of hepatic hydatid disease is accumulated hydrops leading to secondary infection in the residual cavity of the excised cyst. This study examined two methods of treating cystic hepatic hydatid disease in 43 children. A group of 22 children were treated by a new method of open drainage; 21 underwent capsulorrhaphy without drainage. There was no mortality or morbidity. The open method was associated with more rapid resolution of hydrops and quicker shrinkage of residual cavities, with efficacy over a median follow-up of 42 months.

To evaluate the effects of combined therapy of anti-tubercular agents with theophylline during treatment of concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, the clearance and half life of theophylline was estimated in a control group not treated with anti-tubercular agents, a group treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB) and pyrazinamide (PZA), and a group treated with INH, RMP and EMB. Clearances of theophylline in the treated groups were significantly lower than in the control group, and the half-life of theophylline was longer than in the control. These results suggest that patients administered combinations of anti-tubercular agents with theophylline require lower doses of theophylline.

To examine the combined effects of factors influencing the pregnancy rates following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intrauterine insemination (IUI).After utilizing the couple as the unit of analysis, 416 couples undergoing COH and IUI with the husband's sperm were studied retrospectively.The woman's age, postwash total motile sperm counts and number of IUI treatment cycles were three major factors that affected the results of IUI. The predicted cumulative pregnancy rates under different values of the above three factors were therefore calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis and were compared to the pregnancy rate achieved by a cycle of in vitro fertilization and tubal embryo transfer.Three treatment cycles of IUI are optimal for women agedor = 34 with postwash total motile sperm counts5 x 10(6). For women either agedor = 35 or with postwash total motile sperm counts5 x 10(6), the cumulative pregnancy rates achieved by IUI are extremely low, and other means of assisted reproduction are recommended for couples in those categories. However, this conclusion pertains to our clinics, and other institutions should establish their own data.

The authors review their experience with 37 children with orbital tumors, summarizing their surgical techniques, the indications applied, and the pitfalls of each surgical approach. Tumors located in the retro-ocular or intraorbital space were surgically excised through a transcranial approach (28 cases), while for tumors in other sites lateral orbitotomy (5 cases), medial orbitotomy (1 case) and biopsy (3 cases) were performed. A transcranial approach was used for tumors with intracranial extension and for those located in the orbital apex and deep medial orbital compartment. Lateral orbitotomy was used for tumors located in the superior, temporal or inferior compartment of the orbit and those in the lateral apex. A medial orbitotomy was used for tumors located medial to the optic nerve. Outcomes of the surgical intervention varied, depending on the pathology, location and extent of the individual tumors. To obtain optimal exposure and minimize functional deficits, the pitfalls of surgical approaches to orbital tumors are discussed.

Electrophysiological action of right ventricular myocardium examined by standard intracellular microelectrode technique and real-time microcomputer data processor system and histological and ultrastructural changes of myocardium in BALB/c mice infected with coxsackie B-3 virus from 3 days to 9 months were observed. It was found that electrophysiologic parameters of action potential changed very quickly at the early stage (3 days to 1 month) of the disease. Those abnormalities became most apparent by the 5-30th day, and 7 patterns of abnormal action potential occurred frequently within the same period. These changes were basically parallel to the myocardial lesions. At the late stage (3-9 months) the electrophysiological parameters were nearly normal, while the myocardial lesions decreased gradually. However, the abnormal patterns of action potential were still detected, even though they were improved gradually. The results suggest that myocardial damages caused by viral infection may lead to changes of cardiac electric action, which may be one of the factors in arrhythmias in the episode of viral myocarditis.

The effect of verapamil (Ver) on CVB3 murine myocarditis was investigated. It was found that Ver could aggravate the myocardial inflammation, increase the viral replication in myocardium, and raise mortality in mice with viral myocarditis when the drug was injected within the first 6 days after the CVB3 inoculation.

New diagnostic imaging methods could shed much light on the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal tumors. From 1978 to 1988, 98 patients were admitted. Eighty patients were treated by surgery and the diagnosis proved by pathology. In patients with primary malignant retroperitoneal tumors, 27 were completely resected and 18 received palliative resection. Of 18 benign tumors, 16 were completely resected. In these 80 patients, biopsy was done in 17 patients. In patients with malignant tumors, a 5-year survival rate of 14% was obtained. In the resected benign tumors, a 5-year survival of 100% was obtained. Local recurrence was the chief cause of death.

According to Dr. Niznick's alternative two-stage surgical technique, the author installed 3.5 mm x 8 mm Core-Vent Implant (Core-Vent Corporation, Encino, CA, U.S.A.) as a free standing abutment to replace lower left second premolar of 50-year-old male patient. From the foregoing procedure the author obtained the following results: 1. Free-standing Core-Vent Implants can be used to replace single premolar effectively without reduction of adjacent natural teeth. 2. Rotation of screw-in titanium insert (abutment) was observed under occlusal force. 3. Adjustment of height of titanium coping insert was necessary. 4. From the oral examination, patient comments, panoramic and periapical radiograph, there were no evidences in gingival inflammation, pain, reduction of alveolar bone level during the observation period of 13 months postoperatively.

A murine model system for observing the effect of Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) on experimental myocarditis caused by Coxsackie B-3 virus (CB3V) was developed in 4-week-old male BALB/C mice. Gross, histopathologic and ultrastructural examinations of the infected-AM treated group showed that the severity and involved area of the myocardial lesions became milder and smaller than those in the infected-NS treated mice. The total lesion area, and the total lesion area/total myocardial area examined (%) and virus titer in the former group were also smaller and lower than those in the latter group. The results suggest that AM is effective in the inhibition of Coxsackie B virus propagation and protection of myocardium in mouse myocarditis.

Gene Rearrangement is considered to be a helpful tool for diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In this study five patients with clinical diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were reviewed for their clinical presentation, skin biopsies and surface marker phenotypes. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from their skins revealed that rearrangement of T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRB) genes happened in three patients but rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was absent. TCRB rearrangement could also detect lymphoma involvement of lymph nodes, peripheral blood and bone marrow in our patients. In these conditions, systemic therapy is suggested.