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Background: Intravenous (IV) oxycodone has been used at induction to prevent an intubation reaction. The aims of the current study were to calculate the median effective dose (ED50) and the 95% effective dose (ED95) of an IV bolus of oxycodone that blunts the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation with propofol according to gender and to observe the adverse events of induction-dose oxycodone. Methods: Adult patients who required general anesthesia and tracheal intubation were enrolled. Tracheal intubation was performed using unified TD-C-IV video laryngoscopy and an ordinary common endotracheal tube. Dixon’s up-and-down method was used to obtain ED50 data for women and men separately. The initial dose of oxycodone was 0.2 mg/kg for women and 0.3 mg/kg for men (step size was 0.01 mg/kg). Next, a dose-response curve from the probit analysis was generated to determine the ED50 and ED95 to blunt the intubation reaction in female and male patients. Adverse events following oxycodone injection were observed for 5 min before propofol injection. Results: Sixty-three patients were analyzed, including 29 females and 34 males. According to the probit analysis, the ED50 and ED95 of oxycodone required to blunt the intubation reaction in women were 0.254 mg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.220–0.328 mg/kg) and 0.357 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.297–2.563 mg/kg), respectively. In men, the ED50 and ED95 were 0.324 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.274–0.381 mg/kg) and 0.454 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.384–2.862 mg/kg), respectively. Men required 28% more oxycodone than women for induction (P < 0.01). The most common adverse events were dizziness (87.3%), vertigo (66.7%), sedation (74.6%), and respiratory depression (66.7%). Conclusions: Oxycodone can be used for induction to prevent intubation reactions. Gender affected the ED50 and ED95 of oxycodone for blunting the tracheal intubation reaction. Key words: Adverse Events; Hemodynamics; Induction; Intubation; Oxycodone

Objectives This study presented the feasibility of oxycodone as the sole opioid for general anaesthesia in minor/moderate surgery. Methods In this prospective, observational, descriptive study, 62 patients were enrolled and received intravenous oxycodone as the sole opioid for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. We observed all of these patients to determine whether oxycodone alone could provide sufficient intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, as well as to record the extubation times and adverse events. Results A total oxycodone dose of 0.316 ± 0.05 mg/kg was used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. The dose could maintain haemodynamic stability during surgery and good postoperative analgesia. Oxycodone caused deep sedation (nine patients had Ramsey sedation scores ≥4), leading to respiratory depression and long stays in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The extubation time (16.9 ± 6.4 minutes) increased with increasing oxycodone doses. Conclusion Oxycodone can be used as the sole opioid for general anaesthesia in minor/moderate surgery. However, care should be taken because of its deep sedation effect. Trial registration: This study is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR-opc-16009175

The study aims to find a new biomarker in hypertension. Our study is the first time to demonstrate that the CD62P small microparticle (diameter is

OBJECTIVES: Several recent lines of evidence indicate that endothelial microparticles are a new biomarker that can be used to monitor endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, data concerning the detection of small microparticles (diameter

To explore the prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) combined with malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion.Clinicopathological data of 111 GC or AEG patients with malignant pleural and/or abdominal effusion treated in our hospital from January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The median survival time for the whole group of 111 patients was 6 months. Effusion disappeared in 12 patients, was reduced in 36 cases, with no changes in 15 cases, and increased in 48 patients. The effusion control rate was 56.8%. Effusion was better controlled in female patients, with simple abdominal ascites, Karnovsky performance scores ≥ 80, with no liver metastases, effusion at initial diagnosis, and effective response to systemic chemotherapy.Univariate analysis showed that patients of female sex, Karnovsky performance scores ≥ 80, effusion present at initial diagnosis, simple abdominal ascites, minimal volume of effusion, absence of liver metastasis, control of effusion, initial treatment with effusions and effective response to systemic chemotherapy, normal hemoglobin, albumin, direct and indirect bilirubin levels showed better prognosis (all P0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that liver metastases, control of effusions were independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (all P0.05).Female patients, simple abdominal ascites, KPS scores ≥ 80, ascites at initial diagnosis, no liver metastases and effective systemic chemotherapy seem to have a better control of the malignant effusion. Patients with no liver metastases and effective control of effusion have a longer survival time.

To observe the curative effect of self-made eccentric traction belt as a manipulative reduction tool in the treatment of the distal radial fracture.From February 2011 to June 2012,62 patients with distal radial closed fractures were treated by manipulative reduction with self-made wristlet-eccentric traction belt and combined with the small splint and plaster external fixation. Among them, 59 cases were Colles fractures, 2 were Smith fractures, 1 was Barton fracture. After the reduction, lateral X-ray imaging was used to evaluate curative effect immediately.All the patients obtained excellent and good reduction in standard of fractures, only 1 case didn't. According to functonal assessment of Dienst, the results were excellent in 49 cases, good in 11, fair in 1, and poor in 1.Self-made wristlet-eccentric traction belt as a manipulative reduction tool to treat distal radius fractures, can make fractures close to the anatomic reduction, and can significantly improve the manual reduction success rate.

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are complex diseases affected by both dietary intake and genetic background. Whether N-5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and dietary components folate and vitamin B12 are associated with MS in Asian has not been determined. Methods: We hypothesized that MTHFR gene C677T, folate, vitamin B12 and hs-CRP are associated with MS and factors related to MS in northern Han Chinese. To test this hypothesis, MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP, serum insulin, folate and vitamin B12 levels by radioimmunoassay, and hs-CRP by immunoturbidimetry in newly diagnosed T2DM patients with MS (118) and without MS (40), and in 55 healthy subjects. Results: Results indicated that MS-associated T2DM accounts for 75% of newly diagnosed T2DM in Han Chinese. Serum hs-CRP was higher and serum vitamin B12 was lower in subjects with TT genotype in comparison with those with CC or CT genotypes. Total T frequency was significantly higher in MS-associated T2DM patients (45.3%) compared to 26.3% in non-MS-associated T2DM patients. MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and vitamin B12 levels were associated with MS-associated T2DM. Conclusion: MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism may contribute to insulin resistance in Han Chinese with MS by increasing hs-CRP and decreasing vitamin B12, and consequently play an important role in development of MS-associated T2DM.

To analyse the clinical characteristics and potential prognostic factors of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases.The clinical and pathological data of 300 colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.The median survival time of these patients was 19.0 months. The 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates after liver metastases were 79.0%, 29.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that performance status (KPS), histological grading, primary tumor, N status, lymphatic and vascular invasion, stage at diagnosis, the number, size and distribution of liver metastases and other accompanied metastases were prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS, lymphatic and vascular invasion, the number and size of liver metastases were independent prognostic factors of colorectal cancer with liver metastases.Performance status, lymphatic and vascular invasion, the number and size of liver metastases are independent prognostic factors of colorectal cancer with liver metastases.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combination chemotherapy of capecitabine (X) with fractionated administration of cisplatin (C) in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).141 patients with AGC were enrolled between July 2002 and August 2004. All patients had measurable tumor according to the criteria of RECIST, Karnofsky performance statusor = 60, adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions. Prior radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was not permitted. Patients received oral administration of capecitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice a day on D1-D14, and intravenous infusion of fractionated cisplatin at a dose of 20 mg/m(2)/day on D1-D5. The regimen was repeated every 3 weeks, totally for 6 cycles.Of the 141 evaluable patients, there were 104 men and 37 women, with a median age of 54 years (range, 23 - 80 years). Metastases before chemotherapy were detected in lymph nodes (46.8%), liver (40.4%), lung (5.7%) and other area (10.6%). The median treatment duration was 6 cycles (range, 3 - 6 cycles). The objective response rate (RR) was 36.2% (51/141). The median follow-up period was 17.5 months. The median time to progress (TTP) was 9.0 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.0 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (grade 3/4) were: hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (2.1%), leucopenia (0.7%), abnormal alanine transaminase elevation (2.8%). There was no treatment-related death.Capecitabine combined with fractionated cisplatin is highly effective and well tolerated as a first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer, with comparable results to 5-Fu plus cisplatin combination therapy.

Currently, there is no standard regimen for advanced gastric cancer. FOLFOX4 regimen [oxaliplatin(L-OHP) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] and DP(O)F regimen [docetaxel (TXT), oxaliplatin (L-OHP)/cisplatin (DDP) with 5-FU] are usually used in treating gastric cancer with satisfactory efficacy. This study was to compare the efficacy, time to disease progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and toxicity of the two regimens for advanced gastric cancer.Clinical data of 70 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. Of the 70 patients, 34 were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen, 36 were treated with DP(O)F regimen. The patients in FOLFOX4 group received intravenous infusion of L-OHP (85 mg/m(2)) at Day 1, bolus injection of 5-FU (400 mg/m(2)) at Days 1-2, and continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (600 mg/m(2)) for 22 h at Days 1-2; 14 days as one cycle. The patients in DP(O)F group received administration of TXT [20 mg x (m2 x w)(-1)], intravenous infusion of DDP (40 mg/m(2)) at Days 2-3 or L-OHP (100 mg/m(2)) at Day 2, and intravenous infusion of 5-FU (500 mg/m(2)) at Days 1-5; 21 days as one cycle.The objective response rates were 45.4% in FOLFOX4 group and 52.8% in DP(O)F group (P=0.628). The median TTP was 5.27 months in FOLFOX4 group and 4.70 months in DP(O)F group (P=0.848). The median survival time was 8.97 months in FOLFOX4 group and 12.17 months in DP(O)F group (P=0.095). The most frequent adverse events were nausea, vomit and hematologic toxicities. The occurrence rates of grade III-IV leukopenia and neutropenia were significantly lower in FOLFOX4 group than in DP(O)F group (11.8% vs. 36.1%, P=0.025; 17.6% vs. 41.7%, P=0.038). One patient in FOLFOX4 group died of liver function failure.Both FOLFOX4 and DP(O)F regimens are effective in treating advanced gastric cancer. The hematologic toxicities of DP(O)F regimen are worse than those of FOLFOX4 regimen.

To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of 10-hydroxy-camptothecin (10-HCPT) in HFL regimen for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).18 advanced CRC patients, 13 males and 3 females, aged 33 - 70, were randomly assigned to 6 groups to be treated with 10-HCPT 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg/m(2), and 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU) 425 mg/m(2), and leucovorin (LV) 20 mg/m(2), all administered intravenously on days 1 - 5 with 4 weeks as one cycle. The efficacy and side-effect were evaluated.There were two patients with grade IV myelosuppression in the 10, 12, and 14 mg/m(2) groups each. The most dose-associated adverse reactions were myelosuppression and GI dysfunction. The DLT was myelosuppression, and the maximum tolerable dose of 10-HCPT is 10 mg/m(2) on days 1 - 5.HFL regimen is well tolerated in the patients with advanced CRC. The dosing regimen recommended in clinic trial is 8 mg/m(2).

To evaluate the efficacy, side-effects and quality of life in the advanced colorectal cancer patients treated by irinotecan plus fuorouracil and leucovorin with thalidomide or without thalidomide.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and control group in a 1:1 ratio. In the treatment group, 32 evaluable patients were treated with irinotecan 180 mg/m2 i. v. on day 2, fuorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus on day 1, 2 at a dose of 1200 mg/m2 civ. for 43 hours; leucovorin 200 mg/m2 i. v. on day 1, 2; thalidomide 300 mg, orally on day 1 - 14, two weeks as a cycle. In the control group, the regimen was the same as in the treatment group except oral intake of thalidomide.The response rate was 28.1% in the treatment group vs. 15.2% in the control group (P = 0.2034) with a median TTP of 3.8 months vs. 2. 5 months (P = 0.1312). Furthermore, there was no statistically difference either between two groups regarding to adverse effects.Irinotecan plus fuorouracil and leucovorin without oral intake of thalidomide is as effective and tolerable as irinotecan plus fuorouracil and leucovorin combined with oral thalidomide for advanced colorectal cancer.