Author: "A. Stocker" / Topic: male - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"A. Stocker"' showing total 800 results

Start Over Author "A. Stocker" Topic male

800 results on '"A. Stocker"'

1. Platelet releasates mitigate the endotheliopathy of trauma.

Author: Gallagher, Lauren, LaCroix, Ian, Fields, Alexander, Mitra, Sanchayita, Argabright, Amy, DAlessandro, Angelo, Erickson, Christopher, Nunez-Garcia, Brenda, Herrera-Rodriguez, Kimberly, Chou, Yu, Stocker, Benjamin, Ramser, Benjamin, Thielen, Otto, Hallas, William, Silliman, Christopher, Kornblith, Lucy, and Cohen, Mitchell
Subjects: Humans, Blood Platelets, Wounds and Injuries, Male, Adult, Female, Platelet Activation, Endothelium, Vascular, Metabolomics, Endothelial Cells
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelets are well known for their roles in hemostasis, but they also play a key role in thromboinflammatory pathways by regulating endothelial health, stimulating angiogenesis, and mediating host defense through both contact dependent and independent signaling. When activated, platelets degranulate releasing multiple active substances. We hypothesized that the soluble environment formed by trauma platelet releasates (TPR) attenuates thromboinflammation via mitigation of trauma induced endothelial permeability and metabolomic reprogramming. METHODS: Blood was collected from injured and healthy patients to generate platelet releasates and plasma in parallel. Permeability of endothelial cells when exposed to TPR and plasma (TP) was assessed via resistance measurement by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). Endothelial cells treated with TPR and TP were subjected to mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS: TP increased endothelial permeability, whereas TPR decreased endothelial permeability when compared with untreated cells. When TP and TPR were mixed ex vivo, TPR mitigated TP-induced permeability, with significant increase in AUC compared with TP alone. Metabolomics of TPR and TP demonstrated disrupted redox reactions and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Trauma platelet releasates provide endothelial barrier protection against TP-induced endothelial permeability. Our findings highlight a potential beneficial action of activated platelets on the endothelium in injured patients through disrupted redox reactions and increased antioxidants. Our findings support that soluble signaling from platelet degranulation may mitigate the endotheliopathy of trauma. The clinical implications of this are that activated platelets may prove a promising therapeutic target in the complex integration of thrombosis, endotheliopathy, and inflammation in trauma.
Published: 2024

2. Colorectal resection in emergency general surgery: An EAST multicenter trial.

Author: Aicher, Brittany O, Hernandez, Matthew C, Betancourt-Ramirez, Alejandro, Grossman, Michael D, Heise, Holly, Schroeppel, Thomas J, Kongkaewpaisan, Napaporn, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Wagner, Afton, Grabo, Daniel, Scott, Michael, Peck, Gregory, Chang, Gloria, Matsushima, Kazuhide, Cullinane, Daniel C, Cullinane, Laura M, Stocker, Benjamin, Posluszny, Joseph, Simonoski, Ursula J, Catalano, Richard D, Vasileiou, Georgia, Yeh, D Dante, Agrawal, Vaidehi, Truitt, Michael S, Pickett, MaryAnne, Dultz, Linda, Muller, Alison, Ong, Adrian W, San Roman, Janika L, Barth, Nadine, Fackelmayer, Oliver, Velopulos, Catherine G, Hendrix, Cheralyn, Estroff, Jordan M, Gambhir, Sahil, Nahmias, Jeffry, Jeyamurugan, Kokila, Bugaev, Nikolay, Portillo, Victor, Carrick, Matthew M, O'Meara, Lindsay, Kufera, Joseph, Zielinski, Martin D, and Bruns, Brandon R
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Cancer, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, 6.4 Surgery, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Anastomosis, Surgical, Colectomy, Colorectal Surgery, Diverticulitis, Colonic, Emergencies, Female, General Surgery, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Postoperative Complications, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, United States, Emergency general surgery, colon resection, ostomy, colon anastomosis, Clinical sciences, Nursing
Abstract: ObjectiveEvidence comparing stoma creation (STM) versus anastomosis after urgent or emergent colorectal resection is limited. This study examined outcomes after colorectal resection in emergency general surgery patients.MethodsThis was an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma-sponsored prospective observational multicenter study of patients undergoing urgent/emergent colorectal resection. Twenty-one centers enrolled patients for 11 months. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were recorded. χ, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to describe outcomes and risk factors for surgical complication/mortality.ResultsA total of 439 patients were enrolled (ANST, 184; STM, 255). The median (interquartile range) age was 62 (53-71) years, and the median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 4 (1-6). The most common indication for surgery was diverticulitis (28%). Stoma group was older (64 vs. 58 years, p < 0.001), had a higher CCI, and were more likely to be immunosuppressed. Preoperatively, STM patients were more likely to be intubated (57 vs. 15, p < 0.001), on vasopressors (61 vs. 13, p < 0.001), have pneumoperitoneum (131 vs. 41, p < 0.001) or fecal contamination (114 vs. 33, p < 0.001), and had a higher incidence of elevated lactate (149 vs. 67, p < 0.001). Overall mortality was 13%, which was higher in STM patients (18% vs. 8%, p = 0.02). Surgical complications were more common in STM patients (35% vs. 25%, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, management with an open abdomen, intraoperative blood transfusion, and larger hospital size were associated with development of a surgical complication, while CCI, preoperative vasopressor use, steroid use, open abdomen, and intraoperative blood transfusion were independently associated with mortality.ConclusionThis study highlights a tendency to perform fecal diversion in patients who are acutely ill at presentation. There is a higher morbidity and mortality rate in STM patients. Independent predictors of mortality include CCI, preoperative vasopressor use, steroid use, open abdomen, and intraoperative blood transfusion. Following adjustment by clinical factors, method of colon management was not associated with surgical complications or mortality.Level of evidenceTherapeutic study, level IV.
Published: 2020

3. Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies

Author: Joel, Samantha, Eastwick, Paul W, Allison, Colleen J, Arriaga, Ximena B, Baker, Zachary G, Bar-Kalifa, Eran, Bergeron, Sophie, Birnbaum, Gurit E, Brock, Rebecca L, Brumbaugh, Claudia C, Carmichael, Cheryl L, Chen, Serena, Clarke, Jennifer, Cobb, Rebecca J, Coolsen, Michael K, Davis, Jody, de Jong, David C, Debrot, Anik, DeHaas, Eva C, Derrick, Jaye L, Eller, Jami, Estrada, Marie-Joelle, Faure, Ruddy, Finkel, Eli J, Fraley, R Chris, Gable, Shelly L, Gadassi-Polack, Reuma, Girme, Yuthika U, Gordon, Amie M, Gosnell, Courtney L, Hammond, Matthew D, Hannon, Peggy A, Harasymchuk, Cheryl, Hofmann, Wilhelm, Horn, Andrea B, Impett, Emily A, Jamieson, Jeremy P, Keltner, Dacher, Kim, James J, Kirchner, Jeffrey L, Kluwer, Esther S, Kumashiro, Madoka, Larson, Grace, Lazarus, Gal, Logan, Jill M, Luchies, Laura B, MacDonald, Geoff, Machia, Laura V, Maniaci, Michael R, Maxwell, Jessica A, Mizrahi, Moran, Muise, Amy, Niehuis, Sylvia, Ogolsky, Brian G, Oldham, C Rebecca, Overall, Nickola C, Perrez, Meinrad, Peters, Brett J, Pietromonaco, Paula R, Powers, Sally I, Prok, Thery, Pshedetzky-Shochat, Rony, Rafaeli, Eshkol, Ramsdell, Erin L, Reblin, Maija, Reicherts, Michael, Reifman, Alan, Reis, Harry T, Rhoades, Galena K, Rholes, William S, Righetti, Francesca, Rodriguez, Lindsey M, Rogge, Ron, Rosen, Natalie O, Saxbe, Darby, Sened, Haran, Simpson, Jeffry A, Slotter, Erica B, Stanley, Scott M, Stocker, Shevaun, Surra, Cathy, Kuile, Hagar Ter, Vaughn, Allison A, Vicary, Amanda M, Visserman, Mariko L, and Wolf, Scott
Subjects: Behavioral and Social Science, Depression, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Mental health, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Machine Learning, Male, Self Report, romantic relationships, relationship quality, machine learning, Random Forests, ensemble methods
Abstract: Given the powerful implications of relationship quality for health and well-being, a central mission of relationship science is explaining why some romantic relationships thrive more than others. This large-scale project used machine learning (i.e., Random Forests) to 1) quantify the extent to which relationship quality is predictable and 2) identify which constructs reliably predict relationship quality. Across 43 dyadic longitudinal datasets from 29 laboratories, the top relationship-specific predictors of relationship quality were perceived-partner commitment, appreciation, sexual satisfaction, perceived-partner satisfaction, and conflict. The top individual-difference predictors were life satisfaction, negative affect, depression, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety. Overall, relationship-specific variables predicted up to 45% of variance at baseline, and up to 18% of variance at the end of each study. Individual differences also performed well (21% and 12%, respectively). Actor-reported variables (i.e., own relationship-specific and individual-difference variables) predicted two to four times more variance than partner-reported variables (i.e., the partner's ratings on those variables). Importantly, individual differences and partner reports had no predictive effects beyond actor-reported relationship-specific variables alone. These findings imply that the sum of all individual differences and partner experiences exert their influence on relationship quality via a person's own relationship-specific experiences, and effects due to moderation by individual differences and moderation by partner-reports may be quite small. Finally, relationship-quality change (i.e., increases or decreases in relationship quality over the course of a study) was largely unpredictable from any combination of self-report variables. This collective effort should guide future models of relationships.
Published: 2020

4. Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Circadian Health following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: Review and Research Agenda

Author: Wickwire, Emerson M, Schnyer, David M, Germain, Anne, Smith, Michael T, Williams, Scott G, Lettieri, Christopher J, McKeon, Ashlee B, Scharf, Steven M, Stocker, Ryan, Albrecht, Jennifer, Badjatia, Neeraj, Markowitz, Amy J, and Manley, Geoffrey T
Subjects: Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Sleep Research, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Pain Research, Mental Health, Mental health, Adult, Brain Concussion, Chronobiology Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Post-Concussion Syndrome, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, circadian, concussion, insomnia, sleep, sleep disorders, traumatic brain injury, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract: A rapidly expanding scientific literature supports the frequent co-occurrence of sleep and circadian disturbances following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Although many questions remain unanswered, the preponderance of evidence suggests that sleep and circadian disorders can result from mTBI. Among those with mTBI, sleep disturbances and clinical sleep and circadian disorders contribute to the morbidity and long-term sequelae across domains of functional outcomes and quality of life. Specifically, along with deterioration of neurocognitive performance, insufficient and disturbed sleep can precede, exacerbate, or perpetuate many of the other common sequelae of mTBI, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and chronic pain. Further, sleep and mTBI share neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic mechanisms that likely bear directly on success of rehabilitation following mTBI. For these reasons, focus on disturbed sleep as a modifiable treatment target has high likelihood of improving outcomes in mTBI. Here, we review relevant literature and present a research agenda to 1) advance understanding of the reciprocal relationships between sleep and circadian factors and mTBI sequelae and 2) advance rapidly the development of sleep-related treatments in this population.
Published: 2018

5. Parenting and adolescents' psychological adjustment: Longitudinal moderation by adolescents' genetic sensitivity.

Author: Stocker, Clare M, Masarik, April S, Widaman, Keith F, Reeb, Ben T, Boardman, Jason D, Smolen, Andrew, Neppl, Tricia K, and Conger, Katherine J
Subjects: Humans, Adolescent Behavior, Depression, Hostility, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Adolescent, Child, Female, Male, Emotional Adjustment, Genetics, Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Mental Health, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology
Abstract: We examined whether adolescents' genetic sensitivity, measured by a polygenic index score, moderated the longitudinal associations between parenting and adolescents' psychological adjustment. The sample included 323 mothers, fathers, and adolescents (177 female, 146 male; Time 1 [T1] average age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.54 years; Time 2 [T2] average age = 13.59 years, SD = 0.59 years). Parents' warmth and hostility were rated by trained, independent observers using videotapes of family discussions. Adolescents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and hostility at T1 and T2. The results from autoregressive linear regression models showed that adolescents' genetic sensitivity moderated associations between observations of both mothers' and fathers' T1 parenting and adolescents' T2 composite maladjustment, depression, anxiety, and hostility. Compared to adolescents with low genetic sensitivity, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had worse adjustment outcomes when parenting was low on warmth and high on hostility. When parenting was characterized by high warmth and low hostility, adolescents with high genetic sensitivity had better adjustment outcomes than their counterparts with low genetic sensitivity. The results support the differential susceptibility model and highlight the complex ways that genes and environment interact to influence development.
Published: 2017

6. Analysis of novel alleles of brother of tout‐velu, the drosophila ortholog of human EXTL3 using a newly developed FRT42D ovoD chromosome

Author: Lujan, Ernesto, Bornemann, Douglas J, Rottig, Carmen, Bayless, Brian A, Stocker, Hugo, Hafen, Ernst, Arora, Kavita, and Warrior, Rahul
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Rare Diseases, Alleles, Animals, Body Patterning, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Infertility, Female, Male, Mosaicism, N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases, Phenotype, Synthetic Lethal Mutations, Transgenes, Drosophila FRT42D ovoD, germline clonal analysis, brother of tout-velu, botv, EXTL3, N-acetylglucosamine transferase-I/II, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, HSPG, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract: The FLP/FRT system permits rapid phenotypic screening of homozygous lethal mutations in the context of a viable mosaic fly. Combining this system with ovoD dominant female-sterile transgenes enables efficient production of embryos derived from mutant germline clones lacking maternal contribution from a gene of interest. Two distinct sets of FRT chromosomes, carrying either the mini-white (w + mW.hs ), or rosy (ry+ ) and neomycin (neoR ) transgenes are in common use. Parallel ovoD lines were developed using w + mW.hs FRT insertions on the X and chromosomes 2R and 3L, as well as ry+ , neoR FRT insertions on 2L and 3R. Consequently, mutations isolated on the X, 2R and 3L chromosomes in a ry+ , neoR FRT background, are not amenable to germline clonal analysis without labor-intensive recombination onto chromosome arms containing a w + mW.hs FRT. Here we report the creation of a new ovoD line for the ry+ , neoR FRT insertion at position FRT42D on chromosome 2R, through induced recombination in males. To establish the developmental relevance of this reagent we characterized the maternal-effect phenotypes of novel brother of tout-velu alleles generated on an FRT42D chromosome in a somatic mosaic screen. We find that an apparent null mutation that causes severe defects in somatic tissues has a much milder effect on embryonic patterning, emphasizing the necessity of analyzing mutant phenotypes at multiple developmental stages.
Published: 2016

7. The Effect of Famotidine, a MATE1-Selective Inhibitor, on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin

Author: Hibma, Jennifer E, Zur, Arik A, Castro, Richard A, Wittwer, Matthias B, Keizer, Ron J, Yee, Sook Wah, Goswami, Srijib, Stocker, Sophie L, Zhang, Xuexiang, Huang, Yong, Brett, Claire M, Savic, Radojka M, and Giacomini, Kathleen M
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Patient Safety, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Adult, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Area Under Curve, Blood Glucose, Creatinine, Cross-Over Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Famotidine, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Young Adult, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: IntroductionPharmacokinetic outcomes of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (TMDDIs) are increasingly being evaluated clinically. The goal of our study was to determine the effects of selective inhibition of multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), using famotidine, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy volunteers.MethodsVolunteers received metformin alone or with famotidine in a crossover design. As a positive control, the longitudinal effects of famotidine on the plasma levels of creatinine (an endogenous substrate of MATE1) were quantified in parallel. Famotidine unbound concentrations in plasma reached 1 µM, thus exceeding the in vitro concentrations that inhibit MATE1 [concentration of drug producing 50 % inhibition (IC50) 0.25 µM]. Based on current regulatory guidance, these concentrations are expected to inhibit MATE1 clinically [i.e. maximum unbound plasma drug concentration (C max,u)/IC50 >0.1].ResultsConsistent with MATE1 inhibition, famotidine administration significantly altered creatinine plasma and urine levels in opposing directions (p
Published: 2016

8. The Effect of Nizatidine, a MATE2K Selective Inhibitor, on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in Healthy Volunteers

Author: Morrissey, Kari M, Stocker, Sophie L, Chen, Eugene C, Castro, Richard A, Brett, Claire M, and Giacomini, Kathleen M
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Clinical Research, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Adolescent, Adult, Cell Line, Cross-Over Studies, Drug Interactions, Female, HEK293 Cells, Half-Life, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Kidney, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Nizatidine, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Young Adult, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Background and objectivesIn the proximal tubule, basic drugs are transported from the renal cells to the tubule lumen through the concerted action of the H(+)/organic cation antiporters, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1 and MATE2K. Dual inhibitors of the MATE transporters have been shown to have a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered basic drugs. However, the clinical impact of selective renal organic cation transport inhibition on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of basic drugs, such as metformin, is unknown. This study sought to identify a selective MATE2K inhibitor in vitro and to determine its clinical impact on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy subjects.MethodsStrategic cell-based screening of 71 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications was conducted to identify selective inhibitors of renal organic cation transporters that are capable of inhibiting at clinically relevant concentrations. From this screen, nizatidine was identified and predicted to be a clinically potent and selective inhibitor of MATE2K-mediated transport. The effect of nizatidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin was evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers in an open-label, randomized, two-phase crossover drug-drug interaction (DDI) study.ResultsIn healthy volunteers, the MATE2K-selective inhibitor nizatidine significantly increased the apparent volume of distribution, half-life, and hypoglycemic activity of metformin. However, despite achieving unbound maximum concentrations greater than the in vitro inhibition potency (concentration of drug producing 50% inhibition [IC50]) of MATE2K-mediated transport, nizatidine did not affect the renal clearance (CLR) or net secretory clearance of metformin.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a selective inhibition of MATE2K by nizatidine affected the apparent volume of distribution, tissue concentrations, and peripheral effects of metformin. However, nizatidine did not alter systemic concentrations or the CLR of metformin, suggesting that specific MATE2K inhibition may not be sufficient to cause renal DDIs with metformin.
Published: 2016

9. Targeted Disruption of Organic Cation Transporter 3 Attenuates the Pharmacologic Response to Metformin

Author: Chen, Eugene C, Liang, Xiaomin, Yee, Sook Wah, Geier, Ethan G, Stocker, Sophie L, Chen, Ligong, and Giacomini, Kathleen M
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, 3' Untranslated Regions, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Biological Availability, Cell Line, Tumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose, HCT116 Cells, Healthy Volunteers, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Male, Metformin, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Tissue Distribution, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Neurosciences, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Biochemistry and cell biology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Metformin, the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, requires transporters to enter tissues involved in its pharmacologic action, including liver, kidney, and peripheral tissues. Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3), expressed ubiquitously, transports metformin, but its in vivo role in metformin response is not known. Using Oct3 knockout mice, the role of the transporter in metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was determined. After an intravenous dose of metformin, a 2-fold decrease in the apparent volume of distribution and clearance was observed in knockout compared with wild-type mice (P < 0.001), indicating an important role of OCT3 in tissue distribution and elimination of the drug. After oral doses, a significantly lower bioavailability was observed in knockout compared with wild-type mice (0.27 versus 0.58, P < 0.001). Importantly, metformin's effect on the plasma glucose concentration-time curve was reduced in knockout compared with wild-type mice (12 versus 30% reduction, respectively, P < 0.05) along with its accumulation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the effect of metformin on phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase, and expression of glucose transporter type 4 was absent in the adipose tissue of Oct3(-/-) mice. Additional analysis revealed that an OCT3 3' untranslated region variant was associated with reduced activity in luciferase assays and reduced response to metformin in 57 healthy volunteers. These findings suggest that OCT3 plays an important role in the absorption and elimination of metformin and that the transporter is a critical determinant of metformin bioavailability, clearance, and pharmacologic action.
Published: 2015

10. Genetic Variants in Transcription Factors Are Associated With the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin

Author: Goswami, S, Yee, SW, Stocker, S, Mosley, JD, Kubo, M, Castro, R, Mefford, JA, Wen, C, Liang, X, Witte, J, Brett, C, Maeda, S, Simpson, MD, Hedderson, MM, Davis, RL, Roden, DM, Giacomini, KM, and Savic, RM
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, Genetics, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4, Homozygote, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Multivariate Analysis, PPAR alpha, Pharmacogenetics, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Retrospective Studies, Sp1 Transcription Factor, Transcription Factors, Treatment Outcome, United States, Young Adult, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: One-third of type 2 diabetes patients do not respond to metformin. Genetic variants in metformin transporters have been extensively studied as a likely contributor to this high failure rate. Here, we investigate, for the first time, the effect of genetic variants in transcription factors on metformin pharmacokinetics (PK) and response. Overall, 546 patients and healthy volunteers contributed their genome-wide, pharmacokinetic (235 subjects), and HbA1c data (440 patients) for this analysis. Five variants in specificity protein 1 (SP1), a transcription factor that modulates the expression of metformin transporters, were associated with changes in treatment HbA1c (P < 0.01) and metformin secretory clearance (P < 0.05). Population pharmacokinetic modeling further confirmed a 24% reduction in apparent clearance in homozygous carriers of one such variant, rs784888. Genetic variants in other transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α, were significantly associated with HbA1c change only. Overall, our study highlights the importance of genetic variants in transcription factors as modulators of metformin PK and response.
Published: 2014

11. Higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY)

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Joshua Abbas, Kasim Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Alison Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ammar Abdelaziz, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, Audrey Abdul, Basir Abdul, Siddiqui Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Abeer Ul Amna, Lynn Abel, Katrina Abernethy, Movin Abeywickrema, Chandra Abhinaya, Affyarsyah Abidin, Adebanke Aboaba, Abigail Aboagye-Odei, Christopher Aboah, Heba Aboelela, Hani Abo-Leyah, Karim Abouelela, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Ahmed Abousamra, Mona Abouzaid, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Rebecca Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yousuf Abusamra, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Faustina Acheampong, Prince Acheampong, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Shiella Achieng, Andres Acosta, Rebecca Acquah, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Paul Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Marta Adamczyk, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Daniel Adams, Kate Adams, Laura Adams, Nikkita Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Laura Adamu-Ikeme, Krishma Adatia, Kirsty Adcock, Lawrence Addai-Boampong, Afua Addo, Oluwatobi Adeagbo, Ade Adebiyi, Ogunlana Adedeji, Yewande Adegeye, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Sherna Adenwalla, Femi W Adeoye, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Adedamola Adeyanju, Joyce Adeyemi, Tenifayo Adeyemo, Binay Adhikari, Shanti A Adhikari, Rina Adhikary, Adhikarla Aditya, Patience Adjepong, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, Marguerite Adriaanse, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Patricia Afrim, Felicia Akua Afriyie, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Laura Aguilar Jimenez, Jacqueline Afrakomah Agyekum, Kwame Agyen, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Afshan Ahmed, Ashar Ahmed, Asim Ahmed, Basheer A R Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Hanad Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Khalil Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rawya Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sana G Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed H Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Bilal Ahmed Mohamud, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Augustine Ahonia, Christine Aiken, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Bolutito Akinbiyi, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Mohammad Akram, Olugbenro Aktinade, Uzayr Akudi, Ahmad S A R Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Adegoke Alabi, Narendra Aladangady, Mohamed Alafifi, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Paul Albert, Albertus Albertus, Lorraine Albon, Angela Alcala, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Abdullah Aldesouki, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ram Maya Ale, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, Courtney Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Julyan Al-fori, Laith Alghazawi, Osama Alhabsha, Bahij Al-Hakim, Rafil Alhameed, Mohammed Al-Hayali, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Amanda Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohamed Ali, Mohammad Ali, Muhammad S Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Ramla Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Emilio Aliberti, Jade Alin, Abid Alina, Analyn Alipustain, Bachti Alisjahbana, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Abdullah Alkhudhayri, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Fiona Allan, Nataliya Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Eireann Allen, Jade Allen, Kerry Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Tania Allen, Abiola Alli, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Helen K Allsop, Lynne Allsop, David Allsup, Amal F T Almahroos, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Riyam Al-Sammarraie, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Fadia Alsheikh, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Amanda Alty, Mary Alvarez, Maria Alvarez Corral, Edward Alveyn, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Amel Amelia Ganefianty, Katharine Ames, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Badshah Amit, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, James Amoah-Dankwa, Victoria Amosun, Muhammad Amsal, Khaled Amsha, John Amuasi, Noelia Amutio Martin, Pugh Amy, Ann Anada, Atul Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Satya D Anantapatnaikuni, Ellen Anderson, Julie Anderson, Laura Anderson, Marina Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rebecca Anderson, Rory Anderson, Samantha Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Joyann Andrews, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Louise Anning, Maldwyn Ansah, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, Elena Apetri, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia F Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Samuel Archer, Simon Archer, Daniele Arcoria, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Oluwatoyin Aribike, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Jennifer Armistead, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Wendy Armstrong, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Andrew Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Arslam Arter, Armena Arumaithurai, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Diptesh Aryal, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Malik Asghar, Arif Ashab, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Georgia Asher, Zakariya Ashfak, Ayesha Ashfaq, Abdul Ashish, Dawn Ashley, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Fiona J Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, I Aslam, Suhail Aslam, Laura Aslett, Harshini Asogan, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Abolaji Atomode, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Abdul A Attia, Eva Attubato, Marie Attwood, Paula Aubrey, Zoltan Auer, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Hnin Wint Wint Aung, Ko Ko Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Nwe Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Malcolm Avari, Miriam Avery, Nicholas Aveyard, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Abuzar Awadelkareem, Gabriel Awadzi, Mahmoud Awaly, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, John Maximilian Ayerh, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Ahmed Azeem, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ammar Aziz, Ghazala Aziz, Imran Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Michel-Elie Bachour, Alisjahbana Bachti, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Aysha Badat, Maryuma Bader, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, Angela Bailey, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Lucy Bailey, Maria A Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Vikram Bains, David Baird, Eilidh Baird, Kevin Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Danielle C Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Mark Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Ameet Bakhai, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Prasath Balasingam, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Nicola Balatoni, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Fiona Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, Nichola Bale, James Balfour, Matthew Ball, Robert Ball, K Ballard, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Abeir Baltmr, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Santosh Baniya, Omar Bani-Saad, Harrison Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Claudia Bann, Helen Bannister, Oliver Bannister, Laura Banton, Tran Bao, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya M Baral, Sharad Chandra Baral, Desislava Baramova, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Amanda Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Morris Barimbing, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Erandi Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Lesley Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Rory Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, Prince Gyenti Barning, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, James Barr, Charlotte Barr, Nina Barratt, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Sue Barrett, Esther Barrow, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, James Bartlett, Louise Bartlett, Shauna Bartley, Sandra Bartolmeu-Pires, Anna Barton, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Hannah Bashir, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Sudha Basnet, Buddha Basnyat, Ayten Basoglu, Alexander Basran, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anup Bastola, Anupam Basumatary, Precious Basvi, Jireh A Batac, Vipula R Bataduwaarachchi, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Alice Batty, Miranda Baum, Rachel Baumber, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Tanveer Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Lee-Ann Bayo, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Kirsten Beadon, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kathy Beard, Jack Bearpark, Alanna Beasley, Sandee Beattie, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Sarah Beckley, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Sophia Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Nigel Beer, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gillian Bell, Jessica Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Tammy Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Sarah Benkenstein, Tracey Benn, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Denise Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Kaytie Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Miriam R Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Gautham Benoy, Vivienne Benson, Andrew Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Frida Best, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Lila Nath Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Jennifer Bhanich Supapol, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Swati Bhasin, Abdul Bhat, Prashanth Bhat, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Parminder Bhuie, M S Bhuiyan, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Prof Binh, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Janine Birch, Jenny Birch, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Sarah Bird, Mark Birt, Claire Bishop, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Mustapha Bittaye, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Virginia Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Caroline Blackstock, Cameron Blair, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Parry Blaxill, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Natalie Blencowe, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Alex Blowers, Samuel Blows, Hannah Bloxham, Susan Blrd, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Tadhg Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Kwabena Appiah Boahen, Marilyn Boampoaa, Sarah Board, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh N Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Marianne Boden, Tanya Bodenham, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Katherine Bohanan, Kristyna Bohmova, Niamh Bohnacker, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed O Bokhari, Idan Bokobza, Ambrose Boles, Clare Bolger, Candice Bonaconsa, Charlotte Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Joseph Bonney, Lizzy Bonney, Lauren Booker, Sarah Boot, Matthew Boothroyd, Joanne Borbone, Naomi Borman, Samantha Bosence, Kirsty Bostock, Neil Botting, Fiona Bottrill, Hannah Bouattia, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Tarek Boumrah, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Tabitha Bowker, Helen Bowler, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Helen Bowyer, Aileen Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Nicola Boyer, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Leanna Brace, Abbey Bracken, Jodie Bradder, Clare J Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Clare Brady, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Pedro Braga Sardo, Denise Braganza, Megan Braithwaite, Susan Brammer, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Carolin Bresges, Catherine Bressington, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Michael Bridgett, Gavin Bridgwood, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Christopher Brightling, Tracey Brigstock, Lutece Brimfield, Philip Brinksman, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Hannah Britton, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broadhead, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Matthew Brookes, Deirdre Brooking, Alison Brooks, Daniel Brooks, Jolene Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Samuel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Malcolm Broom, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Andrew Brown, Ashley Brown, Caitlin Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Jo Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Nicola Brown, Pauline Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Andrei Brunchi, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Meera Bryant, Emma Bryden, Hannah Brzezicki, April Buazon, Maya H Buch, Ruaridh Buchan, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Lisa Buck, Matthew Buckland, Clare Buckley, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Alex Budds, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Kate Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Emily Bullock, Susan Bullock, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Oliver Burbidge, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Erlina Burhan, Hasan Burhan, Hannah Burke, Kerry Burke, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, Sharon Burnett, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Kiki Burns, Daniel Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Anna Burton, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Helen Burton, Matthew Burton, Mannaria Butar butar, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Emily Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Jenny Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Massawer Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Hannah Bye, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Amanda Cabandugama, Luisa Cabrero, Simone Caddy, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Zhen Cahilog, Ajeng Cahyareny, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Emily Cale, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Karen Campbell, Marion Campbell, Mark Campbell, Rachael Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Lisa Canclini, Shaula M Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Alexandra Cann, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Abigail Cannon, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Ebnier Canonizado, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Richard Capstick, Thomas Capstick, Catalin Caraenache, Aimee Card, Mary Cardwell, Charles Carey, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Ffion Carlin, Tammy Carlin, Samantha Carmichael, Margaret Carmody, Mandy Carnahan, Charlotte Caroline, Jodi Carpenter, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Zoe Carrington, Amy Carroll, Anne Carroll, Paul Carroll, Rachel Carson, Cindy Cart, Emma Carter, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Natasha Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Douglas Cartwright, Jo-Anne Cartwright, Claire Carty, Lotoyah Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Charlotte Carver, Emma Carver, Rachel Carver, Susan Casey, Annie Cassells, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Bridget Castles, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Anelise Catelan Zborowski, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Darwin Catibog, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Matthew Caudwell, Anna Cavazza, Ashleigh Cave, Luke Cave, Simon Cavinato, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Chloe Caws, Kay Cawthorne, Hankins Cendl, Hannah Century, Jeva Cernova, Mansur Cesay, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, Cyril J Chacko, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, Petya Chalakova, Bimal Sharma Chalise, James Chalmers, Richard Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Alex Chan, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Jay Marie Chan, Kawai Chan, Kayen Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin H S Chan, Chris Chandler, Heidi Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Yvonne Chang, Ho Quang Chanh, Grace Chaplin, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Matthew Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sam Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Debra Chatterton, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad Y N Chaudhary, Netra B Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Zain Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Alexander Chavasse, Nicola Chavasse, Vipal Chawla, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Floria Cheng, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Kayan Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Moses Chikungwa, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Gemma Chilcott, Sam Chilcott, Alison Chilvers, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Ezomike Chinonso, Chloe Chin-Saad, Margaret Chirgwin, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Catherine Chisholm, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Laura Chiverton, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Meena Chopra, Michelle Chopra, Vandana Choudhary, Omur Choudhury, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Angela Chrisopoulou, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Georgios Christoforou, Thereza Christopherson, Anna Christou, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Yee Chung, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Bridget Clancy, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Emma Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Julia Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Martyn Clark, Matthew Clark, Nicola Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Tonia Clark, Zoe Clark, Alison Clarke, Andrea Clarke, Jude Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Alleyna Claxton, Louis Claxton, Kate Clay, Catherine Clayton, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Bethan Clearyb, Chris Cleaver, Rose Cleeton, Ian Clement, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Sue Clenton, Sheryl Cliff, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Vincent Clubb, Samantha Clueit, Lisa Clutterbuck, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Laura Cockayne, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, David Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Nick Coleman, Holly Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Kathleen Collie, Alexandra Collier, Danielle Collier, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Terry Collingwood, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Kayleigh Collins, Megan Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Bernadette Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Matthew Collis, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley E Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Edward Combes, David Comer, Alison Comerford, Dónal Concannon, Alison Condliffe, Robin Condliffe, Emma Connell, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Karen Connelly, Gavin Connolly, Emma Connor, Antonia Conroy, Kevin Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Francesca Conway, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Robert Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Amanda Cook, Amber Cook, Colette Cook, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Julie Cook, Martin Cook, Sarah Cook, Danielle Cooke, Graham Cooke, Hannah Cooke, Justin Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Tim Cooke, Vikki Cooke, Adele Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Samantha Cooray, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, Ailsa Corbishley, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Aisling Corr, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, P Corry, Rita Corser, Jon Cort, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Telma Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Caroline Cotton, George Couch, Martina Coulding, Andrew Coull, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Amanda J Coutts, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Richard Cowan, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Ellie Cox, Emma Cox, Giles Cox, Helen Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Andrea Cradduck-Bamford, Hannah Craig, Jayne Craig, John Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Hayley Cranston, Sheetal S Crasta, Jacolene Crause, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Amanda Creaser-Myers, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Anna Crepet, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Jennifer Crooks, Harriet Crosby, Elizabeth Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Victoria Cunliffe, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Susan Currie, Susie Currie, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Matthew Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Jennifer Cuthill, Sean Cutler, Sarah Cutts, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Shane D'Souza, Joana da Rocha, Mohammed Dafalla, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Susan Dale, Jolyon Dales, Umberto D'Alessandro, Helen Dalgleish, Helen Dallow, Carlo D'aloia, Dermot Dalton, Morag Dalton, Zoe Daly, Mansi Damani, Eleanor Damm, Akila Danga, Joanne Dangerfield, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Kwaku Gyasi Danso, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Quang Tung Dao, Suzanne Darby, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Kate Darlington, Sarah Darnell, Thomas Darton, Guledew Darylile, Avisnata Das, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Vaishali Dave, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Bethan Davies, Caroline Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Dawn Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Elinor Davies, Ellie Davies, Ffyon Davies, Gwyneth Davies, Helen Davies, Jennifer Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Llinos Davies, Louisa Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sally Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Sue Davies, Alison Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Andrea Davis-Cook, Alexander Davison, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Angela Dawson, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Lucinda Dawson, Mike Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Isla Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy N Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Pradip De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Pamela De Los Santos Dominguez, Roberta De Pretto, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Phillip De Souza, Anthony De Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Gonzalo De-La-Cedra, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Alexandra Dent, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Sirjana Devkota, Usha Devkota, Debbie Devonport, Matthew Devonport, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Ankush Dhariwal, Dawpadee Dharmasena, Devesh Dhasmana, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Syra Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Dipali Dhiru, Trupti Dhorajiwala, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Mohammed Dibas, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Matt Dickson, Stuart Dickson, J Digby, Ronneil Digpal, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Georgios Dimitriadis, Sajeel Din, Thai H Dinh, Thi T T Dinh, Alex Dipper, Sabiq Dipro, Laura Dirmantaite, Lorelle Dismore, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Preeti Diwan, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Kate Dixon, Brice Djeugam, Sipho Dlamini, Petr Dlouhy, Andrea D'Mello, Paul Dmitri, Thi Tien Do, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, Jacqueline Dodd, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Conor Doherty, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Katie Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Phu Khiem Dong, Martha Donkor, Sinead Donlon, Joanne Donnachie, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Phil Donnison, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Emma Dooks, Reece J Doonan, Rogier Van Doorn, Grainne Doran, Rachael Dore, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Kataryna Dos Santos, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Isabelle Doss, Theonymfi Doudouliaki, Andrew Dougherty, Jill Doughty, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Allyn Dow, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Robert Downey, Caroline Downing, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Anthony Drexel, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Odysseas Drosos, Graham Drummond, Katie Drury, Kay Druryk, Ronald Druyeh, Jack Dryburgh-Jones, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Paige K Duckenfield, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Heather Duffy, Helen Duffy, Katharine Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Rauand Duhoky, Janice Duignan, Jennifer Dulay, Simon Dummer, Alexis Duncan, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Holly Duncan, Robert Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Do Van Dung, Aileen Dunleavy, Julia Dunleavy, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Tran Thi Hai Duong, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Leanne Durdle, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Samuel Durogbola, Chris Durojaiye, Laura Durrans, Katie Durrant, Hannah Durrington, Iheukwumere Duru, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Dennis Dwomoh Nkrumah, Ellen Dwyer, Zara Dyar, Claudia Dyball, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Lauren Eadie, Rebekah Eadie, Laura Eagles, Beena Eapen, Naomi Earl, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Jack Easton, Patrick Easton, Ruth Eatough, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Martin Ebon, Alison Eccles, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Abby Edwards, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Martin Edwards, Sophie Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Aline Eggink, Dawn Egginton, Sam Eggleston, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Nagla Elashhar, Lisa Elawamy, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Emma Eldridge, Diana Eleanor, Uchenna Elenwa, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Mohamed A A Elhadi, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura N Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Sian Elliott, Annie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Leila Ellis, Rupert Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Alison C Ellwood, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed El-Naggar, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Mohammed A S A Elsayed, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Mohammad Elsebaei, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Alguili Elsheikh, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Anna Emery, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Dickson Enenche, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Fatheha Essa, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Debra Evans, E Evans, Emrys Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Isabel Evans, Jack Evans, Jacqueline Evans, Jennifer Evans, John Evans, Jolanta Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Sharon Evans, Sian Evans, Teriann Evans, Tomos Evans, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Lynette Every, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Chiamaka Ezenduka, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Ian Fairbairn, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Ayaan Farah, Muna Farah, Qayyum Farah, Nowin Z Fard, Leila Fares, Amr Farg, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Holly Farr, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, Fayed Farrukh, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Suman Fathima, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Clair Favager, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Aisthath Fazleen, Simon Fearby, Connie Fearnley, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongo, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Ruth Fennelly, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Gloria Ferenando, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Jaime Fernandez Roman, Callum J Fernando, Jessica Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Sheldon Ferron, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Santos Filipa, Sarah A Filson, Shona Finan, Sarah Finbow, Deborah J Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Simon Finch, Spencer Finch, Natalie Fineman, Jim Finlayson, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Dylan Finnerty, Clare Finney, Deborah Finucane, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Promise Firi, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Carolyn Fitton, Felicity Fitzgerald, Fiona Fitzgerald, Karen Fitzjohn, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Nikolaos Flaris, Gail Fleming, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Anna Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Fiona Flett, Karen Flewitt, Sarah Flockhart, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Jonathan Flor, Vincent Florence, Mary Flowerdew, Sharon Floyd, Margaret J Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Tracey Fong, Daniela M Font, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Helen R Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Amber Ford, Jamie Ford, Imogen Fordham, Jennifer Foreman, Matthew Forester, Mohammad Forkan, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Abigail Forsyth, Julian Forton, Conrad Foster, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Natasha Fowkes, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Amy Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Laura Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Eva Fraile, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Helen Frankland, Jessica Franklin, Siobhan Franklin, Catherine Fraser, Andi Fratila, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Anna Freeman, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Eleanor French, Thomas French, Karen Freshwater, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Andrzej Frygier, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Lucy Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Zoë Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Sophie Gaffarena, Sarah Gage, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Babita Gajmer, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Linda Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Feroze Gallam, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Anna Galvin, Victoria Galvis, Gareth Gamble, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Chien N Gan, Muhammad B Ganaie, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Thenugan Ganeshanathan, Saibal Ganguly, Abrar Gani, Pauline Ganley, Ukraina Garcia, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Louis Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Isha Garg, Nathan Garlick, Daniel Garner, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Rosaline Garr, Kathryn A Garrero, Manisha Gartaula, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Sophie Gayle, Catherine Geddie, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Fartuun Geele, Kalaichelvi Geerthan, Minnie Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Neal Gent, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Aparna George, Bini George, Sam George, Susan George, Tina George, Valerie P George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Siobhan Gettings, Hisham Ghanayem, Bijan Ghavami Kia, Shaista Ghazal, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Dipansu Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Subhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Chris Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Jamie Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Mary Gigi, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Benjamin Giles, James Gilham, Mandy Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Lesley Gilmour, Louis Ginn, Franciscus Ginting, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Barbie Giri, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Eleanor Glenday, Ana Glennon, Jodie Glossop, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Michelle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Deborah Glowski, Sharon Glynn, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Sarah Godlee, Emma Godson, Gillian Godwin, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Manjinder Gohel, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Vicky Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Anna Goodfellow, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Chris Gordon, Sally Gordon, Robin Gore, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Maria Gorniok, Diana Gorog, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Nicole Gould, Susan Gould, Charlotte Goumalatsou, Lysander Gourbault, Abha Govind, Rajesh Govindan, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Hannah Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Cheryl Graham, Clive Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Rachel Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Kirstie Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Glaxy Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Roxanne Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Fiona Greaves, Paul Greaves, Alastair Green, Amy Green, Amy S Green, Charlotte Green, Christopher A Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Jack Grenville, Jo Gresty, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Samuel Gribben, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sandra Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Scott Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Dorothy Grogono, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Pauline Grose, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Jacinta Guerin, Sharazeq Guettari, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Harsha Gunasekara, Pumali Gunasekera, Malin Gunawardena, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Anup Kumar Gupta, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Rishi Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Victoria Guratsky, Alvyda Gureviciute, Sambasivarao Gurram, Anju Gurung, Bhawana Gurung, Lilly Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Sabi Gurung Rai, Hazel Guth, Nick Guthrine, Pradip Gyanwali, Sushma Gyawali, Nam Xuan Ha, Nguyen Thanh Ha, Ruth Habibi, Berkin Hack, James Hackett, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Nicholas Hadfield, Sally Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Javed Hafsa, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Nafeesah Haider, Kate Haigh, Victoria Haile, Jessica Hailstone, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Danielle Hake, Lukman Hakeem, Anne Haldeos, Writaja Halder, Emily Hale, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alaina Halim, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Laura Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Jackie Halliday, Akmal Hallman, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Ifedadepo A Hamed-Adekale, Bilal Hameed, Mohammed Hameed, Raph L Hamers, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Raymond Hamill, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Gus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Melanie Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Sara Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Emily Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sally Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, James A Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Lisa Hamzah, Jenny Han, Ozan Hanci, Sadiyah Hand, Lala Handayani, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Nina K Handzewniak, Sarah Haney, Vu Thi Kim Hang, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Esther Hanison, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Helena Hanratty, Daniel Hansen, Anita Hanson, Ashley Hanson, Helen Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Henry Harcourt, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Marc Hardwick, Gareth Hardy, Joanna Hardy, Yasmine Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, James Hargraves, Carolyn Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Heather Harper, James Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Kate Harrington, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, David Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Olakunbi A Harrison, Rachael Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Jessica Hartley, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Anna Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Zoe Harzeli, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Jack Haslam, Zena Haslam, Grace Hasnip, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Amro Hassan, Awab Hassan, Zeinab Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Sarah Hathaway-Lees, Jonathan Hatton, Jennifer Hau, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Lydia Hawker, Annie Hawkins, Joe Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, W John Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Alasdair W Hay, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Carole Hays, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Hazel Haywood Hasford, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Jessica L Healy, Amy Hearn, David Heasman, Angela Heath, Debbie Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Adam Heavens, Kerry Hebbron, Catherine Heckman, Gemma Hector, Sadie Heddon, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Richard Heinink, Rajdeep Heire, Ingvild Helgesen, Joanne Hemingway, Ulla Hemmila, Beth Hemmings, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Abigail Henderson, Eilidh Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, Natalie Henry, David Henshall, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Morag Herkes, Lucas E Hermans, Fe Marie Hernandez, Emma Heron, Lisa Heron, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Tracey Heslop, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Pramodh Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, Anna Hewetson, Sue Hewins, Nicola Hewitson, Claire Hewitt, Davina Hewitt, Richard Hewitt, Samuel Hey, Robert S Heyderman, Mathis Heydtmann, Joseph Heys, Jonathan Heywood, Meg Hibbert, John Hickey, Naomi Hickey, Peter Hickey, Nicky Hickman, Alex Hicks, Jenny Hicks, Scott R Hicks, Phan Thi Thu Hien, Daniel Higbee, Lucy Higgins, Andrew Higham, Martin Highcock, Judith Highgate, Mondy Hikmat, Amanda Hill, Helen Hill, Joanne Hill, Lisa Hill, Lucy Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Jon Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Andrew Hindle, Esther Hindley, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Claire Hirst, Lindsay Hirst, Jemma Hives, Htet M Hlaing, Benson Ho, David K K Ho, Rosemary Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Christopher Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, George Hodgetts, Holly Hodgkins, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Mike Hodson, Alison Hogan, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Rebecca Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Jill Holden, Melinda Holden, Sophie Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Poppy Holland, Susan Holland, Marie L Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Kyra Holliday, Mark Holliday, Nina Holling, Laszlo Hollos, Nora Hollos, Leah Holloway, Simon Holloway, Max Hollowday, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Beth Holroyd-Hind, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Louise Hoole, Clare Hooper, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Thomas Horne, Zoey Horne, Rebecca Horner, Caroline Horrobin, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Catherine Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Kay Housely, Hamish Houston, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Joanne Howard, Kate Howard, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Megan Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Louise Howard-Sandy, Serena Howe, Alice Howell, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Ruth Howman, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Hein Htet, Naing Z Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang O H Huah, Sylvia Huang, Kelly Hubbard, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Heather Hudson, Suzanne Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Caitlin Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Martin Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Alasdair Humphries, Amy Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Charlotte Hunt, Fiona Hunt, Jane Hunt, Jonquil Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Molly Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Alexandra Hunter, Catherine Hunter, Ewan Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, Ross Hunter, Sophie Hunter, George Huntington, Fuad Huq, Elizabeth Hurditch, Judith Hurdman, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Y Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Chreif Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Mohammed Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Rizwana Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Samahir F E M Hussein, Ziad Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Adiel Haqiq Hussien, Anja Hutchinson, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Nguyen Quang Huy, Thuong Huyen, Tran Bang Huyen, Nguyen Thi Huyen Thuong, Hieu Huynh, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Angeliki Iakovou, Katherine Ibison, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Javed Ibrahim, Mamoun Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Becky Icke, Adetokunbo Idowu Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Nauman Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Ogechukwu Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, Fatima Mariam Ilyas, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Mohamed Iman, Christopher Imray, Haider Imtiaz, Jack Ingham, Jo Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Samantha Inglis-Hawkes, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Tanya Ingram, Nicholas Innes, Peter Inns, Vithusha Inpadhas, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian Petkov Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Javaid Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mishal Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Iziegbe Irabor, Jane Ireland, Jamie Irisari, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, George Isitt, Aminul Islam, MD Tariqul Islam, Samsul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Herny Istiqomah, Monica Ivan, Chineze Ivenso, Nicholas Ivin, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Kashif Jabbar, Calum Jack, Joanne Jackman, Sophie Jackman, Amanda Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Ella Jackson, Helen Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Yvonne Jackson, John Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Abubacarr Jagne, Mandeep Jagpal, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Swati Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Rose Jama, Ashraf Jamal, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Claire James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Lorraine James, Mark James, Monica James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Patricia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Sharon James, Somerset James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Louise Jamieson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Karen Janes, Azara Janmohamed, Deepa Japp, Peter Jaques, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Claire Jarman, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Claire Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Aristotle Javier, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Anu Jayachandran, D Jayachandran, Anita Jayadev, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Jane Jeater, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Carol Jeffs, Jegan P Jeganathan Ponraj, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Ian Jenkins, Paula Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Felicia Jennings, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Greame Jervis, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge A Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Roshan Kumar Jha, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Simran Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Maya John, Navin John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Antoinette Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Brogan Johnston, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Amy Jones, Angela Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Kate E Jones, Kimberly Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nancy Jones, Nicola Jones, Olivia Jones, Paul Jones, Philip H Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Susan Jones, Taya Jones, Thomas Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Michele Jordan, Sarah Jordan, Abi Jose, Litty Jose, Louise Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Gigee Joseph, P Aiden Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Tushar Joshi, Benz Josiah, Lijo Joy, Tiffany Joyce, Hong Ju, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Andrew Judd, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Nikhil Kadam, Nicole Kader, Ajai Kailey, Matthew Kain, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard J K Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Thomas Kalmus Eliasz, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth A Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Charlotte Kamundi, Dharmesh Kanabar, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, S Kaprapina, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Elshad Karbasi, Shivaali Karelia, Rona Kark, Abhilasha Karkey, Aruna Karki, Soheilali Karmali, Viji Karunanithi, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Anbhu Kasiappan Balasubramanian, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Mpumelelo Kati, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Simran Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Lisa Kavanagh, susan Kavanagh, Mohammad A Al Kawser, Andrea Kay, Julie Kay, Robert Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Srijana Kayastha, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Pooja KC, Min Ke, Timothy Keady, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Breffni Keegan, Rachel Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Joanne Kellett, Jo Kelliher, Alison Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Hannah Kelly, Laura Kelly, Louisa Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephanie Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Olivia Kelsall, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Emma Kendall, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, James Kennedy, Melanie Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Dawn Kernaghan, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Evelyne Kestelyn, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Dipika Khadka, Ali Khalid, Hadika Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Mariha Khalid, Tarek Khalifa, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik A Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Myra Khan, Nayeem Khan, Nuzhath Khan, Omar Khan, Rabia Khan, Rahila Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waleed Khan, Waseem Khan, Zuhair Khan, Mohammad S Khan Tharin, Usman F Khatana, Januka Khatri, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Minh Quang Khong, Joshua Khoo, Chloe Khurana, Joyce Kibaru, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, Eileen Killen, Beverley Kilner, Susan Kilroy, Bomee Kim, Jee W Kim, Minhee Kim, Aly Kimber, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Hayley King, Jennifer King, Jenny King, Kirsten King, Matthew King, Rachel King, Sarah King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Deborah J Kinnear, Fiona Kinney, Sidra Kiran, Alison Kirby, Adam Kirk, Jeremy Kirk, Jill Kirk, Jodie Kirk, Amy Kirkby, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Lucy Kirkpatrick, Ursula Kirwan, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Frieder Kleemann, Susan Kmachia, Christopher P Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Jane Knights, Martin Knolle, Paul Knopp, Charlotte Knowles, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Marta Kocsor, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Yuan J Koe, Janak Koirala, Aisha Koirata, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Samantha Kon, Niladri Konar, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Rachel Kontogonis, Hui Fen Koo, Imogen Koopmans, Emmanuela Kopyj, Laura Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Csilla Kosztolanyi, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Katerina Koukou, Athanasia Kountourgioti, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Anastasia Koutalopoula, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Nagaratna Krishnapalli, Suzanne Krizak, Stephen Krueper, Sean Krupej, James Krzowski, Ria Kubaisi, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Shavita Kuckreja, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Susantika Kumala Dewi, Marian Kuma-Mintah, Aditi Kumar, Ayesha Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vikas Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Shaibya Singh Kunwar, Klaudia Kupiec, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Kevin Kuriakose, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Anna Kutera, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Henriette Kyepa, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Maria Lacson, Zahra Ladan, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Alice Lagnado, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Paula Laidler, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Katharine Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Classy Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Oscar Lambert, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed K G Lami, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emma Langridge, Emily Langthorne, Helen Langton, Beatriz Lara, Taiya Large, Lawrencia Naadu Lartey, Samuel Lassa, Anna Last, Scott Latham, Victoria Latham, Afzal Latheef, Larissa Latif, Nang Latt, Carmen Lau, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Gonzalez G Laura, Myra Laurenson, Eloise Lavington, Hou Law, Jessica Law, June Law, Kar Y Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Laura Lawless, Chris Lawrence, Emma Lawrence, Geoffrey Lawrence, Holly M Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Louise Lawson, Natalie Lawson, Rod Lawson, Michael Lay, Stephen Laybourne, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Thi Thao Le, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Louisa E Leach, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Ruth Leary, Sandra Leason, Marie A Ledingham, Caroline Lee, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Joshua Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shannon Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Robyn Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, David Leitch, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Rebecca Lenagh, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Beth Leonard, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eva Noviani Lestari, Eleni Lester, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Anastasia Levynska, Alice Lewin, Alison Lewis, Christopher Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Heather Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Mandy Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Nicolas Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan Liebeschuetz, Teresa Light, Nicky Lightfoot, Patrick Lillie, Ashling Lillis, Ben Lim, Carys Lim, Ee T Lim, Ivy Lim, Terence Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Wilson Lim, James Limb, Dipraj Limbu, Usha Limbu, Christian Linares, Dermot Linden, Gabriella Lindergard, Kate Lindley, Charlotte Lindsay, Emily Lindsay, Max Lindsay, Helen Lindsay- Clarke, Mirella Ling, Claire Lingam, Linette Linkson, Thinzar Linn, Mike Linney, Conrad Lippold, George Lipscomb, Karen Lipscomb, Laura Lipskis, Ana Lisboa, Evangeline Lister, Jeff Little, Sam Little, Lucy Littlejohn, Sky Liu, Xuedi Liu, Daniel K Llanera, Rhiannon Llewellyn, Martin Llewelyn, Adam Lloyd, Aimee Lloyd, Arwel Lloyd, Oliver Lloyd, Richard Lloyd, Su Lo, David Loader, Caroline Loan, Livia Lobosco, Lydianne Lock, Sara Lock, Stephen Lock, Angela Locke, Jacqueline Locke, Thomas Locke, Teresa Lockett, Jeorghino Lodge, Krishan Lodhia, Martina Lofthouse, Heather Loftus, Meg Logan, Chloe A Logue, Sook Yin Loh, Siddharth Lokanathan, Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Katherine Longbottom, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Sarah Longstaffe, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Liliana Lopes, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert W Lord, Stephen Lord, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Catherine Loughlin, Wayne Lovegrove, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Shona Low, Alastair Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Leanne Lowe, Michael Lowe, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, Lok Hin Lui, Akish Luintel, H Luke, Jane Luke, Naomi Lungu, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Mark Luscombe, Jocelyn Luveta, Cindy N Luximon, Khine Lwin, Myat Lwin, Alison Lye, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, George Mabeza, Jessica Macaro, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Andrew Macduff, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Irene Macharia, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Jennifer Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Mary J MacLeod, Shona Macleod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Yasser Madani, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Christopher Madden-McKee, Sally Maddison, Norman Madeja, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Lessica M Magnaye, Marios Magriplis, Michelle Magtalas, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Amitaa Maharajh, Anjanie Maharajh, Kijan Maharjan, Madan Maharjan, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Amy Mahdi, Hibo Mahdi, Noor Mahdi, Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Anistta Maheswaran, Shameera Maheswaran, Tina Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Hussain Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Zahra Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Mohammed Mahmud, Ewan Mahony, Tabitha Mahungu, Oumou Maiga, Luke Mair, Toluwani Majekdunmi, Kesson Majid, Amy Major, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad K H Majumder, Tsz L A Mak, Annabel Makan, Esther Makanju, Stephen Makin, Wura-Ola Makinde, Yahya Makkeyah, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Flora Malein, Neeraj Malhan, Agnieszka Malicka, Ayesha Malik, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Paul Mallett, Petrina Mallinder, Georgia Mallison, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Shrawan K Mandal, Sudeshna Mandal, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Tara Mane, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Ilham Manjra, Rowan Mankiewitz, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Sarah Manning, Pascoe Mannion, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Mohamed Mansour, Ramy Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Arrusaw Maqsood, Hemant Maraj, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Anna Marcyniuk, Maria Marecka, Deborah Maren, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, Ben Marks, Maria Marks, P Marks, Emily Marler, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Christopher Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Cathryn Marsh, Glen Marsh, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Steven Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Emmeline Martin, Gaynor Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Martha Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Lauren Martinez, Jose C Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Vijay K Maruthamuthu, Bukhari Marwan, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Allison Mascagni, Diego Maseda, Zandile Maseko, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nicholas Maskell, Perry Maskell, Prabina Maskey, Matthew Masoli, Julia Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed S M E Masood, Thalia Massa, Ian Massey, Joseph Masters, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Esther Matey, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Bijoy Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Alexander Mathioudakis, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Ellen Matkins, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Clive Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Lehentha Mattocks, Charlotte Maughan, Tara Titian Maulidya, Emma Mawson, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, Emily May, James May, Joanne May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Jordan Mayer, Graham Mayers, Victoria A Maynard, Thomas Mayo, Lioniza Mayola, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Thamani Mazhani, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Angeline Mbuyisha, Celine Mc Cague, Eleanor McAleese, Paul McAlinden, Lesley McAllister, Audrey McAlpine, Graeme McAlpine, Jonathan McAndrew, Hamish McAuley, Sarah McAuliffe, Claire McBrearty, Erin McBride, Michael McBuigan, James McBurney, Laura McCabe, Gemma L McCafferty, Laura McCafferty, Amanda McCairn, Jake McCammon, Nicole McCammon, Conor McCann, Erin McCann, Alexandra McCarrick, Brendan McCarron, Eoghan McCarthy, Michelle McCarthy, Natalie McCarthy, Sinead McCaughey, Tara McClay, Beverley McClelland, Declan McClintock, Michael McCloskey, Kirsten McCollum, Alasdair McCorkindale, Patricia McCormack, Jacqueline McCormick, Jake McCormick, Wendy McCormick, Paul McCourt, Jame McCrae, Sharon McCready, Gordan McCreath, Helen McCreedy, Claire McCue, Iain J McCullagh, Liz McCullagh, Megan McCullagh, Conor McCullough, Katherine McCullough, Nicola McCullough, Sarah McCullough, Fiona McCurrach, John McDermott, Paula McDermott, Rory McDermott, Katharine McDevitt, Helen McDill, Basil McDonald, Carly McDonald, Claire McDonald, Debbie McDonald, Rob McDonald, Sam McDonald, Damhnaic McDonald, Natasha McDonnell, Catherine McDougall, Lilly McDougall, Rowan McDougall, Irene McEleavy, Fred McElwaine, Julie McEntee, Evanna McEvoy, Claire McEwan, Ruth McEwen, Margaret McFadden, Denise McFarland, Margaret McFarland, Rachel McFarland, Joe McFlynn, Erin McGarry, Lorcan McGarvey, Alex McGeachan, Frederick McGee, Laura McGenily, Clodagh McGettigan, Michael McGettrick, Christopher McGhee, Fiona McGill, Sarah McGinnity, Neil McGlinchey, Phil McGlone, Deborah McGlynn, Claire McGoldrick, Clare McGoldrick, Elizabeth McGough, Christopher McGovern, Roisin McGovern, Angela McGowan, Anne McGown, Brendan McGrath, Amanda McGregor, Annemarie McGregor, Michael P McGuigan, Heather McGuinness, Sean McGuire, Tara McHugh, Caroline McInnes, Neil McInnes, Jerome McIntosh, Karen McIntyre, Mhairi McIntyre, Lorna McKay, Conor P McKeag, Jacqueline McKeane, Madeleine McKee, Joseph McKeever, Judith McKenna, Shirley McKenna, Mary McKenzie, Donogh McKeogh, Caroline McKerr, Anthony M McKie, Hayley Mckie, Laura Mckie, Gerard McKnight, Heather McLachlan, Andrew McLaren, Barbara McLaren, Nicola McLarty, Danielle Mclaughlan, Maria McLaughlin, James McLay, Mary McLeish, Tina McLennan, Stewart McLure, Anne Marie McMahon, Genevieve McMahon, Mike McMahon, Stephen McMahon, Terence McManus, Moyra McMaster, P McMaster, Paddy McMaster, Faye Mcmeeken, Samuel McMeekin, Nicola McMillan, Katherine McMillen, Jason McMinn, Liam McMorrow, Heather McMullen, Christopher McMurran, Helen McNally, Fiona McNeela, Lynne McNeil, Claire McNeill, Jessica McNeill, Shea McNeill, Una McNelis, Melanie McNulty, Roisin McNulty, Christopher McParland, Mark McPhail, Alison McQueen, Anna McSkeane, Denise McSorland, Therese McSorley, Gini McTaggart, Jacqueline McTaggart, Joanna Mead, Paul Mead, Emma Meadows, Olivia Meakin, Ben Mearns, Claire Mearns, Kim Mears, William Mears, Manjula Meda, Ayren Mediana, Ross Medine, Thomas Medveczky, Sharon Meehan, Emily Meeks, Abbi Megan, Nevan Meghani, Salim Meghjee, Sharon Megson, Amina Mehar, Mehr N Mehmood, Rohan Mehra, Rohan Mehta, Graeme Meintjes, James Meirill, James Meiring, Rayane Mejri, Ellen Mekonnen, Sabina Melander, Adriana-Stefania Melinte, Jennifer Mellersh, Lucy Melling, Christie Mellish, Francesca Mellor, Joe S Mellor, Samantha Mellor, Zoe Mellor, Katrina Mellows, Vladimir Melnic, Alice Melville, Dominique Melville, Julie Melville, Helen Membrey, Mark Mencias, Adam Mendelski, Marc Mendelson, Cheryl Mendonca, Carron Meney, Colin Menezes, Winifred Mensah, Alexander Mentzer, Dan Menzies, Sarah Menzies, Sue Mepham, Oliver Mercer, Pauline Mercer, Arwa Merchant, Fatema Merchant, Mihaela Mercioniu, Megan Meredith, Marta Merida Morillas, Blair Merrick, Jack Merritt, Sharon Merritt, Simon Merritt, Paul-Peter Merron, Ekta Merwaha, Simon Message, Jenny Messenger, Gabriel Metcalf-Cuenca, Alexandra Metcalfe, Benjamin Metcalfe, Kneale Metcalfe, Stella Metherell, Alexsandra Metryka, Louise Mew, Simon Meyrick, Nhlanhla Mguni, Atiqa Miah, Jagrul Miah, Nahima Miah, Areeb Mian, Gabriela Mic, Lawrence Micah-Amuah, Dariush Micallef, Alice Michael, Angiy Michael, Shery Michael, Natalia Michalak, Loredana Michalca-Mason, Ola Michalec, Janet Middle, Hayley Middleton, Jennifer T Middleton, Maeve Middleton, Sophie Middleton, Shelley Mieres, Loredana Mihalca-Mason, Theresia Mikolasch, Sarah Milgate, Colin Millar, Jonathan Millar, James Millard, David Miller, Johnathan Miller, Lucy Miller, Rachel Miller, Naomi Miller-Biot, Alex Miller-Fik, Louise Millett, Barry Milligan, Hazel Milligan, Iain Milligan, Caitlin Milliken, Katherine Millington, Rhys Millington, Samuel Millington, Helen Mills, Janet Mills, Rebecca E Mills, Helen Millward, Rebecca Miln, Alice Milne, Charlotte Milne, Louise Milne, Joanne Milner, Leanne Milner, Zayar Min, Samuel Mindel, Prince Amankwah Baffour Minkah, Chrissie Minnis, Paul Minnis, Konstantina Minou, Natalie Minskip, Jane Minton, Frederico Miranda, Mukaj Mirela, Taimur Mirza, Anjum Misbahuddin, Aseem Mishra, Biswa Mishra, Eleanor Mishra, Ritu Mishra, Sannidhya Misra, Deena Mistry, Heena Mistry, Dushyant Mital, Sarah Mitchard, Ben Mitchell, Caroline Mitchell, Luke J Mitchell, Piers Mitchell, Philip Mitchelmore, Andrew Mitra, Atideb Mitra, Sandip Mitra, Nomsa Mlambo, Emma Moakes, Kirsten Moar, Emma Moatt, Daniela Mock Font, Gita Modgil, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Arez Mohamed, Osab Mohamed, Akram Mohammad, Waheed Mohammad, Aliabdulla Mohammed, Omer Mohammed, Yaser N S Mohammed, Bilal A Mohamud, Amr Moharram, Hoi-Ping Mok, Jonathan Mok, Leslie Mokogwu, Marcelino Molina, Christine Moller-Christensen, Mateus Mollet, Malid Molloholli, Aoife Molloy, Linda Molloy, Andrew Molyneux, Rebekah Molyneux, Tasnim Momoniat, Holly Monaghan, Krista Monaghan, Shiva Mongolu, Tesha Monika, Katelyn Monsell, Mahmoud Montasser, Alan Montgomery, Hugh Montgomery, Prebashan Moodley, Margaret Moody, Nick Moody, Angela Moon, James Moon, Ji-Hye Moon, Maria Moon, May Moonan, Parvez Moondi, Suzanne Moorby, Jim Moorcroft, Alex Moore, Christopher Moore, David A J Moore, Faye Moore, Judith Moore, Laura Moore, Natalie Moore, Sally Moore, Siobhan Moore, Sonia Moore, Vanessa Moore, Rachel Moores, Ed Morab, Jose Morales, Nuria Moramorell, Louise Moran, Grishma Moray, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Alexander Morgan, Amy Morgan, Caitlin Morgan, Christine Morgan, Colin Morgan, Holly Morgan, Katie Morgan, Lauren Morgan, Leila Morgan, Lewis Morgan, Matthew Morgan, Patrick Morgan, Katie Morgan-Jones, Emily Morgan-Smith, Joseph Morilla, Anna Morley, Thomas Morley, Wendy Morley, Anna Morris, Damian Morris, Fiona Morris, Helen Morris, Juliet Morris, Katie Morris, Laura Morris, Lucy Morris, Mary-Anne Morris, Niall Morris, Paul Morris, Sheila Morris, Susan Morris, Douglas Morrison, Moira Morrison, Scott Morrison, Mary Morrissey, Abbie C Morrow, Anna Morrow, Franca Morselli, Gordon Mortem, Valerie Mortland, Chelsea Morton, Gordon Morton, Priti Morzaria, Daniel Mosby, Linda Moseley, Karyn Moshal, Ben Moshy, Alison Moss, Charlotte Moss, James Moss, Sarah Moss, Stuart Moss, Omar Mostafa, Georgia Moth, Nicki Motherwell, Sharon Mottershaw, Harmesh Moudgil, Johanna Mouland, Caroline Moulds, Hilary Moulton, Ginny Mounce, Elizabeth Mousley, Chris Mowatt, Karen Moxham, Borja Moya, Quberkani Moyo, Eunice Mshengu, Sheila Mtuwa, Ali Muazzam, Iqtedar A Muazzam, Nykki Muchenje, Dalia Mudawi, Girish Muddegowda, Rabia Mufti, Imran Mugal, Ahsan Mughal, Javaid Muglu, Fawad Muhammad, Javed Muhammad, Carol Muir, Aparna Mukherjee, Dipak Mukherjee, Jameel Mukhtar, Syed A A Mukhtar, Denise Mukimbiri, John Mulcahy, Michelle Mulcahy, Peter Mulgrew, Ben Mulhearn, Arafat Mulla, Dee Mullan, Dileepkumar Mullasseril Kutten, Niall Mullen, Rosemary Mullett, Ciara Mulligan, Sandra Mulligan, Lana Mumelj, Andrew Mumford, Mohammed Munavvar, Henry Munby, Hannah Munday, Anne-Marie Munro, Sheila Munt, McDonald Mupudzi, Arshid Murad, Oluwatosin H Muraina, Koteshwara Muralidhara, Mhairi Murdoch, Jennifer Murira, Alison Murphy, Ben Murphy, Carl Murphy, Cathal Murphy, Erin Murphy, Gail Murphy, Hannah Murphy, Peter Murphy, Rebecca Murphy, Sheenagh Murphy, Simon Murphy, Clare Murray, David Murray, Dawn Murray, Eleanor Murray, Katie Murray, Kenneth Murray, Lindy Murray, Lisa Murray, Lorna Murray, Tracey Murray, Eoin Murtagh, Mithun Murthy, Catherine Murton, Rosie Murton, Neeka Muru, Rosemary Musanhu, Maimuna Mushabe, Omaisa Mushtaq, Sohmal Musini, Ahmed M M Mustafa, Elhaytham Mustafa, Mustafa Mustafa, Ibrahim Mustapha, Naveed Mustfa, Zhain Mustufvi, Callum Mutch, Rachel Mutch, Eric Mutema, Balakumar Muthukrishnan, Sheree Mutton, Natasha Muzengi, Memory Mwadeyi, Bettina Mwale, Esther Mwaura, Raji Myagerimath, Alice Myers, Sam Myers, James S Myerson, Khin Swe Myint, Yadee Myint, Georgina Mynott, Libor Myslivecek, Patricia Nabayego, Evelyn Nadar, Iftikhar Nadeem, Moosa Nadheem, Behzad Nadjm, Asma Naeem, Hassan Naeem, Salman Naeem, Samraiz Nafees, Mohamed Nafei, Widya Naftalia, Thapas Nagarajan, Leah Naglik, Imrun Nagra, Deepak Nagra, Mina Naguib, Kirushthiga Naguleswaran, K Shonit Nagumantry, Kevin Naicker, Sarveshni Naidoo, Gireesha Naik, Rishi Naik, Samir Naik, Devu S Nair, Rajiv Nair, Tanushree Nair, Jay Naisbitt, Kerry Naismith, Deborah Nakiboneka-Ssenabulya, Sri Nallapareddy, Soum Nallapeta, Arumugan Nallasivan, Ha Xuan Nam, Uttam Nanda, Aarti Nandani, Tara Nandwani, Ali Raza Naqvi, Asadullah Naqvi, Sara Naqvi, Sophia Nasa, Dominic Nash, Nader Nasheed, Abdul Nasimudeen, Umer Nasir, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Tahir Nasser, Anuja Natarajan, Geetha Natarajan, Nalin Natarajan, Nikhila Natarajan, Rajkumar Natarajan, Preethy Nath, Noel Nathaniel, Mala Nathvani, Priyan Nathwani, George Nava, Neena Navaneetham, Jeya Navaratnam, Helen Navarra, Sadaf Naveed, John Navin, Khuteja Nawaz, Sarfaraz Nawaz, Shasta Nawaz, Bonilla Nayar, Suzanne Naylor, Moez Nayyar, Farrah Naz, Mobeena Naz, Babak Nazari, Abida Nazir, S Nazir, Sehar Nazir, Dumisani Ncomanzi, Onyinye Ndefo, Narcisse B Ndoumbe, Abigail Neal, Alan Neal, Elaine Neary, Mostafa Negmeldin, Jonathan Neil, Paula Neill, Hector E Neils, Avideah Nejad, Jeremy Nel, Louise Nel, Andrew Nelson, Benjamin Nelson, Lauren Nelson, Marie Nelson, Memory Nelson, Richard Nelson, Scott Nelson, Sven Nelson, Erni Nelwan, Rajesh Nemane, Samiksha Nepal, Daniel Nethercott, Kimberley Netherton, Kimberley Nettleton, Kabita Neupane, Alison Newby, Angela Newby, David Newby, Tracy Newcombe, Helen Newell, Charlotte Newman, Diana Newman, Hannah Newman, Julie Newman, Oscar Newman, Tabitha Newman, Thomas Newman, Rachel Newport, Maria Newton, Anthony Y K C Ng, Hui En Jewel Ng, Ka Wing Ng, Maxine Ng, Sarah Ng, Wee Jin Ng, Yee W M Ng, Thomas Ngan, Thanh Ha Ngo, Gabriel CE Ngui, Alice Ngumo, Hong Khanh Nguyen, Minh Thu Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Thao Nguyen, Quang Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen Nguyen, Thi Thuong Nguyen, Thi Thuy Phuong Nguyen, Keith Ngwenya, Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh, Nathalie Nicholas, Philip Nicholas, Rachel Nicholas, Rebecca Nicholas, Donna Nicholls, Lisa Nicholls, Sarah Nicholls, Alice Nicholson, Anne Nicholson, Annette Nicholson, Ian Nickson, Eileen Nicol, Elizabeth Nicol, Rebecca Nicol, Pantelis Nicola, Antony Nicoll, Tania Nightingale, Faria Nikita, Pantzaris Nikolaos, Georgii Nikonovich, Annette Nilsson, Kofi Nimako, Louise Nimako, Camus Nimmo, Preethy Ninan, Mahesh Nirmalan, Richa Niroula, Attiya Nisar, Muhammad Nisar, Tosia Nisar, Toby Nisbett, Aksinya Nisha James, Sabaahat Nishat, Tomoko Nishiyama, Sara Nix, Jennifer Nixon, Maxine Nixon, Khwaja Nizam Ud Din, Maria Nizami, Serafeim Nizamis, Raymond Njafuh, India Noakes, Lyrics Noba, Jennifer Noble, Jonathon Noble, Harriet Noble, Hsu M Noe, Jerry Nolan, Jackson Nolasco, Zahid Noor, Zaid Noori, Jayne Norcliffe, Louis Norman, Rachel Norman, Emma Norris, Karen Norris, Lillian Norris, Sally Ann Nortcliffe, Fiona North, Julie North, Thomas North, John Northfield, Samantha Northover, Jurgens Nortje, Donna Norton, Rowen Norton, Holly Notman, Khalid Nourein, Timea Novak, Nuria Novas Duarte, Catherine Novis, Justyna A Nowak, Khin Phwe Nu, Mohamed Nugdallah, Anne M Nugent, Justine Nugent, Cahyo Wibisono Nugroho, Numbere Numbere, Kribashnie Nundlall, Arvind Nune, Kieran Nunn, Michelle Nunn, Jane Nunnick, Yvonne Nupa, Fadumo Nur, Zubeir Nurgat, Amy Nuttall, Lorenza Nwafor, Paul C Nwajiugo, Godfrey Nyamugunduru, Livina Nyanor, Maggie Nyirenda, Kerry Nyland, Donal O Rinn, Daire O Shea, Megan O Toole, Marianne O'Hara, Chloe O'Hara, Laura O'Keefe, Kevin O'Reilly, William O'Rourke, Caroline Oakley, Naomi Oakley, Susan Oakley, Begho Obale, Clements Oboh, Clare O'Brien, Julie O'Brien, Kirsty O'Brien, Linda O'Brien, Neale O'Brien, Rachel O'Brien, Tracey O'Brien, Emma O'Bryan, Ross Obukofe, Christopher O'Callaghan, Lorcan O'Connell, Tadg OConnor, Chris O'Connor, Grainne O'Connor, Miranda Odam, Sam Oddie, Sharon Oddy, Yejide Odedina, Krishma Odedra, Sven W Odelberg, Natasha Odell, Omolola Oderinde, Jessica Odone, Lynn O'Donohoe, Catherine O'Donovan, Isabel Odysseos-Beaumont, Stephen O'Farrell, Pamela Offord, Morgan O'Flaherty, Emmanuel Ofori, Tanwa Ogbara, Catherine Ogilvie, Ciaran O'Gorman, Ibrahim Ogunjembola, Oluwatomilola Ogunkeye, Udeme Ohia, Shalini Ojha, Sushma Ojha, Ohiowele Ojo, Fiona O'kane, Mark O'Kane, Tolu Okeke, Eleanor OKell, Alicia Okines, Iheoma Okpala, Ernest Okpo, F Okpoko, Maryanne Okubanjo, Chiamaka Oladipo, Liel A Olaivar, Raphael Olaiya, Jacob Olatujoye, Tim Old, Gregory Oleszkiewicz, Annie Oliver, Catherine Oliver, Jesse Oliver, Lucinda Oliver, Martyn Oliver, Zoe Oliver, Nurudeen O Olokoto, Folusho Olonipile, Olumide Olufuwa, Olatomiwa Olukoya, Akinlolu Oluwole-Ojo, Laura O'Malley, Priscilla Kesewaa Omane-Donkor, Maryam Omar, Mohamad Omar, Zohra Omar, Nimca Omer, Eti Omoregie, Connaire O'Neill, Lauran O'Neill, Chon Sum Ong, Onyinye Onuoha, Chidera Onyeagor, Chan Nyein Oo, Zin Nwe Oo, Huah Chiang Ooi, Sze Hwei Ooi, Amin Oomatia, Alfred Opata, Maria Opena, Richard Oram, Christy Ord, Jonathan Ord, Clare Oreilly, Lola Orekoya, Devaki O'Riordan, Sean O'Riordan, Izabela Orlikowska, Amy Orme, Hannah Orme, Laura O'Rourke, Charlotte Orr, Sarah Orr, Christopher Orton, Anna Osadcow, Rawlings Osagie, Rostam Osanlou, Lynn Osborne, Nigel Osborne, Rebecca Osborne, Wendy Osborne, William Osborne, Charles Osbourne, Jennifer Osei-Bobie, Joseph Osman, Wa'el Osman, Bashir Osman, G Osoata, Marlies Ostermann, Eoin O'Sullivan, Susan O'Sullivan, Mercy Adomah Oteng, Noor Otey, Otheroro K. Otite, Marie O'Toole, Jingxiu Ouyang, Rachel Owen, Stephanie Owen, Emma Owens, Yetunde Owoseni, Michael Owston, Ruth Oxlade, Feray Ozdes, Jamie Pack, Alice Packham, Sophie Packham, Piotr Paczko, Grace Padden, Anand Padmakumar, Catrin Page, Iain Page, Joseph Page, Shannon Page, Valerie Page, Jodi Paget, Katherine Pagett, Lee Paisley, Susannah Pajak, Susie Pajak, Glykeria Pakou, Angela Pakozdi, Soubhik Pal, Sushi Pal, April Palacios, Vishnu B Palagiri Sai, Vadivu Palaniappan, Priya Palanivelu, Adrian Palfreeman, Heather Palfrey, Vinod Palissery, Deepshikha Palit, Sherly Pallipparambil Antony, Jason Palman, Alistair Palmer, Helen Palmer, Janet Palmer, Lynne Palmer, Ross Palmer, Andrea Pambouka, Ian Pamphlett, Daniel Pan, Anmol Pandey, Nithya Pandian, Krishnaa Pandya, Tej Pandya, Hem Raj Paneru, Alice Panes, Jessica Pang, Yee Wei Pang, Raju Pangeni, Laura Pannell, Kanwar Pannu, Suman Pant, Sathianathan Panthakalam, Charles T Pantin, Norman Pao, Helen Papaconstantinou, Nectarios Sophocles Papavarnavas, Padmasayee Papineni, Kitty Paques, Abdul W Paracha, Kerry Paradowski, Vinay Parambil, Supathum Paranamana, Siddhant Raja Parashar, Ian Parberry, Amy Parekh, Dhruv Parekh, Louise Parfitt, Helen Parfrey, Omi Parikh, Gemma Parish, John Park, Vivak Parkash, Angela Parker, Ben Parker, Emma Parker, Helen Parker, Jacob Parker, Julie Parker, Laura Parker, Lucy Parker, Natasha Parker, Nicola Parker, Sara Parker, Sean Parker, Kirstin Parkin, Anna Parkinson, Molly Parkinson, Valerie Parkinson, Chetan Parmar, Viraj Parmar, Victoria Parris, Chloe Parrish, Bethan Parry, Helen C Parry, Siobhan Parslow-Williams, Maria Parsonage, Georgie Parsons, Joseph Parsons, Penny Parsons, Richard Partridge, Zeeshan Parvez, Kevin Parvin, Lauren Passby, Samuel Passey, Heather Passmore, Juan Pastrana, Jonathan Patachako, Mital Patal, Sarah Patch, Aamie Patel, Alkesh Patel, Amisha Patel, Bijal Patel, Dakshesh Patel, Darshna Patel, Hemani Patel, Jaymik Patel, Kamal Patel, Kayur Patel, Kiran Patel, Krish Patel, Manish Patel, Margi Patel, Martyn Patel, Mehul Patel, Naleem Patel, Nehalbhai Patel, Prital Patel, Saagar Patel, Sanjay Patel, Soonie Patel, Trishna Patel, Zaakirah Patel, Vishal Patel, Kirsteen Paterson, Sangeeta Pathak, Sunil Pathak, Nazima Pathan, Alexandra Patience, Donna Patience, Russell Patmore, Sonia Patole, Lia Paton, Abigail Patrick, Georgie Patrick, Jean Patrick, Simon Patten, Ben Pattenden, Charlotte Patterson, Jean Patterson, Linda Patterson, Molly Patterson, Robert Patterson, Martin Pattrick, Damodar Paudel, Kamala Paudel, Manu Paudel, Suman Paudel, Moriarty Paul, Suman Paul, Leigh Pauls, Stephane Paulus, Amelia Pavely, Matthew J Pavitt, Susan Pavord, Brendan Payne, Elizabeth Payne, Mark Payne, Ruth Payne, Linda Peacock, Louise Peacock, Sarah Peacock, Henry Peake, Jasmine Pearce, Rachel Pearse, Rupert Pearse, Andrew Pearson, Daniel Pearson, Harriet Pearson, Karen Pearson, Samuel A Pearson, Sandra Pearson, Alice Peasley, Hilary Peddie, Steven Peebles, Russell Peek, Adam Peer, Shahid Peerbhoy, Claire Pegg, Eleanor Peggie, Hannah Peggie, Suzannah Peglar, Benjamin H Peirce, Mary Peirse, Claire Pelham, Abigail Pemberton, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Anthony Pender, Carmel Pendlebury, Jessica Pendlebury, Rachel Penfold, Catherine Penman, Julie Penman, Rachel Penman, Justin Penner, Kristi Penney, Anna Pennington, James Penny, Justin Pepperell, Rachel Percival, Adriana Pereira, Rita Pereira, Carlota Pereira Dias Alves, Indika Perera, Marek Perera, Elena Perez, Jane Perez, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Emma Perkins, Ida Pernicova, Elizabeth Perritt, Alice Perry, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Thomas M Perumpral, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Lucy Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Remy Petersen, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Iulia Petras, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Ellen Petrovics, Tom Pettigrew, Marius Pezard-Snell, Paul Pfeffer, Gunjan Phalod, Ngoc Thach Pham, Van Phuc Pham, Thi Thu Hien Phan, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Aled Phillips, Alex Phillips, Bethan Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Nicola Phillips, Patrick Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Thomas Phillips, Marie Phipps, Michael Phipps, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Virach Phongsathorn, Mandeep Phull, Ho Thi Kim Phung, Anita Phuyal, Aye Kyaw Phyo, Myat T T PI, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Frances Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Joanna Pickles, Shirley Pickstock, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Charlie Piercy, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul Anthony Pillai, Laura Pilling, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Kirsty Pine, Muni T Pinjala, Stefania Pintus, Graeme Piper, Tasneem Pirani, Marie Pitchford, Marcus Pittman, Sally Pitts, Nicolene Plaatjies, Naomi Platt, Robert Pleass, Megan Plowright, Laura Plummer, Charles Plumptre, Jonathan Pobjoy, Tatiana Pogreban, Charles Poku, Stephen Poku, Petra Polgarova, Rachel Pollard, Louisa Pollock, Oluwamayowa Poluyi, Gary J Polwarth, Fiona Pomery, Ida M F Ponce, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Suresh Ponnusamy, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Inês Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, Suman Pooboni, Alice Poole, Lynda Poole, Michele Poole, Sharon Poon, Tajinder Poonian, Jack Porteous, Mark Porteous, David Porter, Jo Porter, Linda Porter, Ross Porter, Anna Posada, Kelly Postlethwaite, Manoj Potdar, Carla Pothecary, Narayana Pothina, Priyadarshan Potla, Dorota Potoczna, Jason Pott, Alison Potter, Andrew Potter, Jean Potter, Sarah Potter, Tracey Potter, Elspeth Potton, Joanne B Potts, Julie Potts, Kathryn Potts, Beli Poudyal, Una Poultney, Katherine Poulton, Vanessa Poustie, James Powell, Jordan Powell, Natassia Powell, Sandra Powell, Deborah Power, Nick Power, Sharon Power, Joseph Poxon, Emma Poyner, Robin Poyner, Aishwarya Prabhu, Sandhi Prabowo, Vidushi Pradhan, Gyanwali Pradip, Helena Prady, Rosita Prananingtias, Aalekh Prasad, Krishna Prasad, Usha Prasad, Fredy Prasanth Raj, Sangeetha Prasath, Nicky G Pratiwi, Anezka Pratley, Steven Pratt, Chrisan Bimo Prayuda, David Preiss, Claire Prendergast, Lynn Prentice, Peter Prentice, Verity Prescott, Laura Presland, Catharine Prest, Stephen Preston, Martha Pretorius, Natalie Prevatt, Sandra Prew, Ashley Price, Carly Price, Claire Price, David Price, Elizabeth Price, Katie Price, Laura J Price, Nathan Price, Vivien Price, Rachael Price-Eland, Anne Priest, Jimena Prieto, Lorraine Primrose, Clare Prince, John Prince, Judith Prince, Laura Prince, Shirley Pringle, Melissa Prior-Ong, Veronika Pristopan, Kelly Pritchard, Lucy Pritchard, Simon Pritchard, Verma Priyash, Andrew Procter, Clare Proctor, Mike Protopapas, Rebecca Proudfoot, Benjamin Prudon, David Pryor, Solomon Pudi, Angela Puffett, Joanne Pugh, Lawrence Pugh, Mark T Pugh, Nichola Pugh, Richard Pugh, Veronika Puisa, Eni Puji Lestari, Safa Puliyakkadi, Jennifer Pullen, Kirandip Punia, Saleel Punnilath Abdulsamad, Laura Purandare, Daniel Purchase, Corrina Purdue, Rachel Purdy, Bally Purewal, Rebecca Purnell, Molly Pursell, Gregory Purssord, Rory Purves, Sarah Purvis, Khairunnisa Puspatriani, Daniel Putensen, Bhamini Puvaneswaran, Alex Puxty, Kathryn Puxty, Zoe Puyrigaud, Eleanor Pyart, Emily Pye, Michael Pynn, Tariq Qadeer, Mohammad Qayum, Corrine Quah, Sheena Quaid, Nathaniel Quail, Charlotte Quamina, Nguyen Ngo Quang, Georgia Quartermaine, Tara Quasim, Alice Quayle, Eleanor Quek, Siobhan Quenby, Xinyi Qui, Vanessa Quick, Julie Quigley, Juan-Carlos Quijano-Campos, Jhanielle Quindoyos, Andrew Quinn, James Quinn, Tom Quinn, Quratulain Quratulain, Danya Qureshi, Ehsaan Qureshi, Hasanain Qureshi, Iram Qureshi, Khadija Qureshi, Nawaz Qureshi, Qurratulain Qurratulain, Saad Qutab, Muhammad S Rabbani, Simon Rabinowicz, Madalina Raceala, Alan Rachid, Brian Eka Rachman, Raissa Rachman, Laura Rad, Jane Radford, Liz Radford, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Hannah Rafferty, Muhammad Y Rafiq, Shabana Rafiq, Cecillia Rafique, Jethin Rafique, Muhammad Rafique, Ravi Ragatha, Aiswarya Raghunathan, Abigail Raguro, Shankho D Raha, Sana Rahama, Mutia Rahardjani, Karen Rahilly, Faisal Rahim, Abdul H Rahimi, Haseena R Rahimi, Muhammad Rahman, Salim Ur Rahman, Sohail Rahmany, Prajan Rai, Sabi Rai, Supriya Rai, Lenka Raisova, Ajay Raithatha, Arjun Raj, Anithya Rajagopal, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Kanendran Rajalingam, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Bibek Rajbhandari, Sagar Rajbhandari, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Jyothi Rajeswary, Jeyanthy Rajkanna, Indhuja Rajkumar, Gayathri Rajmohan, Ruth Rallan, Katherine Ralston, Maximilian Ralston, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Fathima Ramali, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Irfah Rambe, Aradhana Ramchandani, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Mylah Ramirez, Geshwin Ramnarain, Amrita Ramnarine, Lidia Ramos, Tommy Rampling, Shanthi Ramraj, Janine Ramsay, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Naeem Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Harpal Randheva, Poonam Ranga, Manmeet Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Hannah Rank, Poormina Ranka, Rajesh Rankhelawon, Alastair Rankin, Anita Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Deepak Rao, Althaf A Rasheed, Khalid Rashid, Madeleine Rason, Valentina Raspa, Somil Rastogi, Fazila Rasul, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Priti Rath, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Krishnaraj Rathod, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Davide Ravaccia, Malvi Raval, Phil Ravencroft, Jason Raw, Rachael Raw, Manisha Rawal, Sulaiman A Rawashdeh, Hywel Rawlins, Gautam Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, Helen Rayner, Nicola Rayner, Amy Raynsford, Salman Razvi, Zarine Razvi, Kerry Read, Sarah Read, Michael Reay, Anne Reddington, Ajay Reddy, Anvesh Reddy, Harsha Reddy, Heidi Redfearn, Aine Redfern-Walsh, Ianto Redknap, Nell Redman, Alex Redome, Joan Redome, Anna Reed, John Reed, Andrew Rees, Caitlin Rees, Helen Rees, James Rees, Martyn Rees, Sarah Rees, Stephanie Rees, Tabitha Rees, Elinor Rees-Jones, Fiona Regan, Karen Regan, Martin Regan, Susan Regan, Kanchan Rege, Amuda Regmi, Ahmed Rehan, A Rehman, Hafiz Rehman, Shoib Rehman, Zainab Rehman, Ada Reid, Andrew Reid, Jennifer Reid, Jeremy Reid, Sharon Reid, Mkyla Reilly, Sharon Reilly, Christina Reith, Arisa Reka, Alda Remegoso, Dinakaran Rengan, Louise Renouf, Stephen Renshaw, Remya Renu Vattekkat, Henrik Reschreiter, Mark Revels, Adam Revill, Glynis Rewitzky, Severine Rey, Charles Reynard, Dominic Reynish, Heather Reynolds, Peter Reynolds, Piero Reynolds, Jonathan Rhodes, Naghma Riaz, Patricia Ribeiro, Emily Rice, Matthew Rice, Natalie Rice, Mel Rich, Alex Richards, Alison Richards, Liz Richards, Suzanne Richards, Celia Richardson, Emma Richardson, Fiona Richardson, Jamie Richardson, Julie Richardson, Madeleine Richardson, Neil Richardson, Nicky Richardson, Joanne Riches, Katie Riches, Leah Richmond, Ruth Richmond, William Ricketts, Hannah Rickman, Anna Riddell, Stephanie Ridgway, Mohamed Ridha, Carrie Ridley, Paul Ridley, Gudrun Rieck, Linsey Rigby, Myckala Rigby, Daniel Rigler, Samita Rijal, Nur Rika, Hannah Riley, Matthew Riley, Phil Riley, Atika Rimainar, Zwesty V P Rimba, Dominic Rimmer, Winarni Rina, Robert Rintoul, Andrew Riordan, David Ripley, Naomi Rippon, Chloe Rishton, Michael Riste, David Ritchie, Jane Ritchie, Andy Ritchings, Pilar Rivera Ortega, Vanessa Rivers, Batool Rizvi, Syed A S Rizvi, Syed H M Rizvi, James Robb, Edel Robbins, Charles Roberts, Gareth Roberts, Ian Roberts, Jane Roberts, Jean Roberts, Karen Roberts, Mark Roberts, Nicky Roberts, Philip Roberts, Rebecca Roberts, Victoria Roberts, Calum Robertson, James Robertson, Jamie Robertson, Kirsten Robertson, Nichola Robertson, Stuart Robertson, Mhairi Robertson, Nicole Robin, Caroline Robinson, Emma Robinson, Gisela Robinson, Hannah Robinson, Jane Robinson, Jemima Robinson, Kate Robinson, Liz Robinson, Matthew Robinson, Nicky Robinson, Richard Robinson, Ryan Robinson, Sandra Robinson, Alexandra Robinson, Steve Robson, Anna Rocca, Lisa Roche, Samantha Roche, Natalie Rodden, Alistair Roddick, Elin Roddy, Jack Roddy, Marion Roderick, Alison Rodger, Faye Rodger, Megan Rodger, Michael Rodger, Alicia Rodgers, Deirdre Rodgers, Natasha Rodgers, Penny Rodgers, Rocio Rodriguez-Belmonte, Nicholas Roe, Charles Roehr, Gill Rogers, Jason Rogers, Joanne Rogers, John Rogers, Leigh Rogers, Lindsay Rogers, Michaela Rogers, Paula Rogers, Susan Rogers, Thomas Rogers, Jana Rojkova, Kshetra Kumari Roka, Sakib Rokadiya, Lee Rollins, Jennifer Rollo, Catherine Rolls, Alexander Rond-Alliston, Claire Rook, Kevin Rooney, Lynsey Rooney, Lace P Rosaroso, Emily J Rosby, Abigail Rose, Alastair Rose, Annie Rose, Steve Rose, Zoe Rose, Josephine Rosier, Anna Roskilly, Gavin A Ross, Isobel Ross, Jack Ross, Jennifer Rossdale, Andrew Ross-Parker, Anthony Rostron, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Alex Rothman, Joanne Rothwell, Lindsay Roughley, Catherine A Rourke, Kathryn Rowan, Neil Rowan, Stephen Rowan, Anna Rowe, Nicola Rowe, Louise Rowe-Leete, Benjamin Rowlands, Elen Rowlands, Megan Rowley, Subarna Roy, Matthew Roycroft, Anna Roynon-Reed, Ann R Royson, Sam Rozewicz, Anna Rudenko, Senthan Rudrakumar, Banu Rudran, Shannon Ruff, Prita Rughani, Rory Rule, Sharon Rundell, Eve Rushforth, Jeremy Rushmer, Darren Rusk, Peter Russell, Richard Russell, Cristina Russo, Marieke Rutgers, Krzysztof Rutkowski, Aidan Ryan, Brendan Ryan, Kathryn Ryan, Lucy Ryan, Matthew Ryan, Pat Ryan, Phil Ryan, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Elena Rybka, Maggie Ryder, Sophie Ryder, M Saad, Gwendolyn Saalmink, Javeson Sabale, Suganya Sabaretnam, Noman Sadiq, Emma Sadler, Ashiq Saffy, Beth Sage, Harkiran Sagoo, Sobia Sagrir, Rajnish Saha, Sian Saha, Nikhil Sahdev, Sarvjit Sahedra, Jagdeep Sahota, Nooria Said, Shalini Saini, Bryony Saint, Anam Sajid, Sreekanth Sakthi, Hikari Sakuri, Murthy Saladi, Abdul Salam, Armorel Salberg, Erika Salciute, Gina Saleeb, Mumtaz Saleh, Hizni Salih, Laylan Salih, Duha Salim, Sarah Salisbury, SiteEneye Saliu, Rustam Salman, Jenny Salmon, Rebecca Salmon, Dario Salutous, Mfon Sam, Sally Sam, Tinashe Samakomva, Razan Saman, Sakeena Samar, Selva Saminathan, Renaldo Samlal, Emily Sammons, David Sammut, Mark Sammut, Saud Sammut, Thomas Sammut, Sunitha Sampath, Claire Sampson, Julia Sampson, Aashna Samson, Anda Samson, Johnson Samuel, Merna Samuel, Reena Samuel, Thomas D L Samuel, Younan Samuel, Kevin Samuels, Theo Samuels, Joanna Samways, Manjula Samyraju, Ilves Sana, Veronica Sanchez, Amada Sanchez Gonzalez, Alina Sanda-Gomez, Peter Sandercock, Jack Sanders, Amy Sanderson, Tom Sanderson, Kuljinder Sandhu, Loveleen Sandhu, Sam Sandow, Victoria Sandrey, Sarah Sands, Langizya Sanga, Harwinder Sangha, Jasmine Sanghera, Mirriam Sangombe, Mathew Sanju, Lakshmi Sankaran, Filipa Santos, Catarina Santos Ferreira De Almeida, Rojy Santosh, Jayanta Sanyal, Aureo F Sanz-Cepero, Yunima Sapkota, Dan Saragih, Dinesh Saralaya, Anggita Saraswati, Arun Saraswatula, Pira Saravanamuthu, Joshua Sarella, Avishay Sarfatti, Rebecca Sargent, Beatrix Sari, Diah Sari, Khatija Sarkar, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Sruthi Sarma, Paulo Sarmiento, Zainab Sarwar, Thea Sass, Krishna Satchithananthasivam, Sonia Sathe, Sobitha Sathianandan, Abilash Sathyanarayanan, Lavanya S J P Sathyanarayanan, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Prakash Satodia, Vera Saulite, Andrew Saunders, Rachel Saunders, Samantha Saunders, Anne Saunderson, Heather Savill, Karishma Savlani, Gauri Saxena, Matthew Saxton, Amrinder Sayan, Ian Sayers, Diane Scaletta, Deborah Scanlon, Jeremy Scanlon, Lyndsay Scarratt, Sean Scattergood, Alvin Schadenberg, Jenna Schafers, Wendy Schneblen, Ella Schofield, Rebecca Schofield, Samuel Schofield, David Scholes, Karen Scholes, Alex Schoolmeesters, Natasha Schumacher, Nicola Schunke, Martin Schuster Bruce, Karin Schwarz, Antonia Scobie, Thomas Scoones, Tim Scorrer, Alex Scott, Alistair Scott, Anne Scott, Catherine Scott, Christine Scott, Emily Scott, Kathyn Scott, Leanne Scott, Martha Scott, Stephen Scott, Timothy Scott, Zoe Scott, Sarah Scourfield, Wendy Scrase, Nicholas A Scriven, Angela Scullion, Therese Scullion, Emily Seager, Cathy Seagrave, Rebecca Seaman, Eleanor Sear, Isabella Seaton, Annette Seatter, Anna Seckington, Joanna Sedano, Gabrielle Seddon, Gemma Sedgwick, Yee Yong See, Muhammad A Seelarbokus, Christopher Sefton, Matias Segovia, Fatima Seidu, Gillian Sekadde, Faye Selby, Georgina Selby, Claire Sellar, Rachael Sellars, Katharine Sellers, Joseph Selley, Victoria Sellick, Gobika Selvadurai, Brintha Selvarajah, Haresh Selvaskandan, Subothini S Selvendran, Jeyakumar Selwyn, Alison Semmens, Gary Semple, Michael Sen, Nandini Sen, Seema Sen, Aditya Sengupta, Niladri Sengupta, Susana Senra, HoJan Senya, Teona Serafimova, Elisa Sernicola, Dheeraj Sethi, Shivam Sethi, Niranjan Setty, Abigail Seward, Teswaree Sewdin, Terri-Ann Sewell, Jack Seymour, Katherine Seymour, Hussam Shabbir, Fiona Shackley, Tariq Shafi, Faiza Shafique, Aashni Shah, Ahmar Shah, Anand Shah, Bhavni Shah, Hussun-Ara Shah, Momin Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Rupal Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Wajid Shah, Saarma Shahad, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Najam Shahzad, Muhammad Shahzeb, Aisha Shaibu, Zara Shaida, Amina Y Shaikh, Maliha Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Muhammad Shakeel, Roshni Shakya, Korah Shalan, Nadia Shamim, Ummulbaneen Shamji, Anindya Shams, Kazi Shams, Rasha Shamsah, Thomas Shanahan, Hamed Sharaf, Asir Sharif, Ajay Sharma, Ash Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Poonam Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sagar Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Seema D Sharma, Shriv Sharma, Sonal Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Kerry Sharp, Louise M Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Katherine Sharrocks, Serene Shashaa, Alexandra Shaw, Christopher Shaw, Daisy Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathon Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Michele Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, James Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Lou Shayler, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Sarah Shephardson, Amy Shepherd, Kate Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Gareth Sheppard, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Fathimath F Shiham, Cassandra Shilladay, Ben Shillitoe, Delane Shingadia, Chiaki Shioi, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Helen Shirt, Adebusola Shonubi, Jane Shoote, Ruth Shorrocks, Rob Shortman, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Charmaine Shovelton, Ervin Shpuza, Anil Shrestha, Apurba Shrestha, Nora Shrestha, Reema Shrestha, Suchita Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jonathan Shurlock, Jack Shurmer, Erfanur R Shuvo, Gilbert Siame, Loria Siamia, Moses Siaw-Frimpong, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Shahla Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Elaine Siddle, Emma Sidebotham, Jo Sidebottom, Roy Sievers, Katie Siggens, Nyma Sikondari, Ilman Silanas, Sofia V Silva, Claudia Silva Moniz, Malcolm Sim, Theresa Simangan, Vimbai Simbi, Robert Sime, George Simmons, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Laura Simon, Merritt Simon, Natalie Simon, Samantha Simpkins, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Joanne Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Maria Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Simon Sinclair, Cindy Sing, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Davinder Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Lokeshwar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Saurabh Singh, Shivani Singh, Sumi Singh, Parag Singhal, Bryan Singizi, Vicky Singler, Manas Sinha, Punam Sinha, Sharad Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Sarah Sithiravel, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darsh Sivakumran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Pasupathy-Rajah Sivasothy, Asok Skaria, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Heather Slade, Mark Slade, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Rachel Slingsby, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Geraldine Sloane, Malgorzata Slowinska, Benjamin Small, Ellen Small, Samuel Small, Adam Smallridge, Dawn Smalls, Karen Denise Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Brittany Smart, Lynne Smart, Justyna Smeaton, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Alex Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Coral Smith, Debra Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Jessica Smith, Kate Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mark Smith, Martha A Smith, Mel Smith, Nicholas Smith, Oliver Smith, Philippa Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Rheanna Smith, Richard Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Tracy Smith, Victoria Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Alfred So, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Sonia Sobowiec Kouman, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Olajumoke Solademi, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Mohamed Soliman, Bernadette Solis, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Sven Sommerfield, Govind Soni, Raj Sonia, Temi Sonoiki, Shiu-Ching Soo, Pavandeep Soor, Germander Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Jessica Sousa, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Sandra Sowden, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Catherine Speare, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, Lynne Speirs, Susan Speirs, Michelle Spence, Niamh Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Rebecca Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Sarah Spray, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, Shiva Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Rajesh Srikantaiah, Koottalai Srinivasan, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Rhodri Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, William J Stagg, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Thomas Standley, Brittany Staniforth, Andrew Stanton, Lisa Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Elizabeth Starkey, David S Starnes, Michelle Starr, Rachel Stead, Clare Stebbing, Conor Steele, Henry Steer, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Femke Steffensen, Caroline Stemp, Emma Stenson, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Jennifer Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Matthew Steward, Christopher Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, Dobree A Stewart, Katelyn Stewart, Keely Stewart, Kristina Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Melissa Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Danielle Stocker, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Kevin Stoffberg, Chelsea Stokes, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Emma-Jane Stoner, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Keerth Subramaniam, Manjula Subramanian, Vaidyanathan Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Peter Sugden, Putri A Suherman, Rudresh Sukla, Anila Sukumaran, Ezoubi Suleiman, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Sugrah Sultan, Uun Sumardi, Samyukta Sundar, Radha Sundaram, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Nayanika Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Michael Surtees, C Susan, Danielle Suter, Rohan Suthar, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, Sam Sutton, Siobhan Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Rose Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Carla Swanson-Low, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Declan Symington, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Denise Szabó, Tamas Szakmany, Nina Szarazova, Megan Szekely, Adele Szekeres, Matthew Szeto, Kinga Szymiczek, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Michael Tai, Jennifer Tait, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Adrian Tan, Bee Theng Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jenny Tan, Jun Seng Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Alex Tanner, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Anita Tantri, Tm Tanzil-Al-Imran, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, David Tarpey, Esther Tarr, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Alex Tate, Margaret L Tate, Matthew Tate, Paul Tate, Kate Tatham, Silvia S Tavares, Vera Tavoukjian, Shao An Isaac Tay, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte A Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Holly Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Victoria Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Francesca Teasdale, Jessica Teasdale, Katherine Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Izla Teeluck, Borja Tejero Moya, Rajni Tejwani, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Radoslaw Tereszkowski-Kaminski, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Tesha Islami Monika Tesha, Dariusz Tetla, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Miriam Thake, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Jayna Thakrar, Bishal Jung Thakuri, Bhavneet Thamu, Nguyen Thi Thao, Amita Thapa, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Jordan L Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Kirsty Thomasson, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Emma Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Hilary Thompson, Jessica Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Yolanda Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Patrick Thorburn, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Alice Thornton, Danielle Thornton, Jim Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Christopher Thorpe, Nigel Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Genevieve Thueux, Pinky Thu-Ta, Vicky Thwaiotes, C Louise Thwaites, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Christopher Till, Amanda Tiller, Heather Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alan Timmins, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Stephanie Tingley, Nicola Tinker, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Ajay Tirumalai Adisesh, Helen Tivenan, Katarzyna Tluchowska, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Shirley Todd, Stacy Todd, Olga Toffoletti, Mohamed Tohfa, Sue Tohill, Melanie Tolson, Ana L Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, Kerry Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Audrey Torokwa, Collette Torrance, Omar Touma, Laura Tous Sampol, Ruhaif Tousis, Melissa Tout, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jill Townley, Richard Tozer, Dang Khoa Tran, Hien Tran, Huyen Bang Tran, Michelle Tran, Nguyen Bao Tran, Van Giang Tran, Van Kien Tran, Helen Tranter, Jenny Travers, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Leanne Trethowan, Estefania Treus Gude, Mary Trevelyan, Nicola A Trewick, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Kate Trivedi, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Spyridon Trous, Helen Trower, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Robert Truell, Nick Truman, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki K Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Merika Tsitsi, Simon Tso, Natasha Tucker, Sally Tucker, Stephanie Tucker, Daisy E Tudor, Aisha Tufail, Jess Tuff, Jemma Tuffney, Redmond Tully, Tulus Tulus Satriasih, Grace Tunesi, Killiam Turbitt, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, Gail Turner, Georgina Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Kim Turner, Lucy Turner, Lynne C Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Sarah Turner, Victoria Turner, Ian Turner-bone, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Amanda Tyler, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Ioannis Tzinieris, A Wahid Uddin, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Jacinta Ugoji, Edith N Ukaegbu, Mazhar Ul Haq, Waqar Ul Hassan, Zia Ul-Haq, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Ju Um, Athavan Umaipalan, Anil Umate, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Emma Underhill, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Adam Unsworth, Veerpal Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Jess Usher, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alexandra Usher-Rea, Andrew Ustianowski, Effua Usuf, Febriansyah Nur Utomo, Hiromi Uzu, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Denny Vail, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Nick Vallotton, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Sarah Van Blydenstein, Lucia van Bruggen, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Lynne van Koutrik, Alexander Van Loggerenberg, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Anna-Nektaria Varouxaki, Resti Varquez, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Katherine Vassell, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Sue Vaughan, Heloyes Vayalaman, Darini Vayapooree, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Aravind Velugupati, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Michelle Venter, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Liberty Verueco, Jerik Verula, Anna Veterini, Natalie Vethanayagam, Shambavi Vettikumaran, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, SImpson Victoria, Celine P Vidaillac, Jennifer Vidler, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod W Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Alicija Vileito, Neringa Vilimiene, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Olivia Vincent, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Martina Vitaglione, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Sankkita Vivekananthan, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Linda von Oven, Claire Vooght, Kim Thi Vu Thai, Kritchai Vutipongsatorn, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Phillip Wade, Jonathan Wadsley, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed E I Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Alicia Waite, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Fiona Wakinshaw, Emma Waldeck, Andrew Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Joanne Waldron, Emma Wales, Batool Wali, Danielle Walker, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Lauren Walker, Linda Walker, Lynne Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Sara Walker, Susan Walker, Gillian Wallace, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Matthew Wallis, Emma Walmsley, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Maisie Walton, Michael Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Junita Wanda, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Shentong Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Christopher Ward, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Hannah Ward, Janice Ward, Joanna Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Gibril Wardere, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Gareth Waring, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Rebecca Warren, Yolanda Warren, Davina Warrender, Hannah Warren-Miell, Adilia Warris, Gill Warwick, Helen Wassall, Sean Wasserman, Elizabeth Wasson, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Abigail Watkin, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam J R Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Felicity Watson, J G R Watson, Louisa Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Kathleen Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Khairiah Wattimena, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Matthew Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Chloe Webb, Claire Webb, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Jemma Webster, Tim Webster, Jordan Wedlin, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Emma Welch, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Benjamin Welham, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Victoria Wenn, Lauren Wentworth, Joan Wesonga, Kate Wesseldine, Joe West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Kelly Westwood, Sharon Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Andrew White, Ayesha White, Benjamin White, Catherine White, Christopher White, Duncan White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Nikki White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Kelly Whitehorn, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Louiza Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Rachael Whitham, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, Olivia Wickens, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Ashleigh Wignall, Christopher Wignall, Annamaria Wilce, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Ben Wild, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Laura Wilding, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Anna Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Eleri Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, Heledd Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, Jill Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Mandy Williams, Marie Williams, Mark Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachel Williams, Robin Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Steffan Williams, Tamanna Williams, Tania Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Jodie Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Elaine Willis, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Jayne Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Anna Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, David Wilson, Imogen Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Kristy-Ann Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Stephen Wilson, Toni Wilson, John Wilson, Khin Lei Yee Win, Marlar Win, Than Win, Tin Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Stuart Winearl, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Joseph Winterton, Hannah Winwood, Jack Wischhusen, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Tabitha WIshlade, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Chi-Man Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica S Y Wong, Kit Y Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Ting Wong, Aaron B Wongkyezeng, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Gordon Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Madeleine Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Myles Woodman, Stephen Woodmansey, Charlotte Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Holly Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Sarah Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Fitria Wulandari, Retno Wulandari, Subie Wurie, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Bingru E Xia, Zhongyang Xia, Effua Yacoba, Santosh Yadav, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Yuuki Yanagisawa, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Thomas Yates, Mark Yates, Jessica Ye, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Lam Minh Yen, Alastair Yeoh, Chun Yu Yeung, Peter Yew, Durgesh Yewatkar, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Hartantri Yovita, Chrissie Yu, Jack S J Yuan, Nindya Yufaniaputri, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Mahrukh Zainab, Thornton Zak, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Marcelina Zawadzka, Mohammed Zayed, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Darius Zeinali, Jing Zhang, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Eva Zincone, Garikai Zindoga, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Letizia Zitter, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Garazi Zubikarai, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and Group, RECOVERY Collaborative
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hypoxia/etiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use, AC, Dexamethasone/therapeutic use, Hospitals, Oxygen, Treatment Outcome, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MCP, Humans, Female
Abstract: Background Low-dose corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). We evaluated the use of a higher dose of corticosteroids in this patient group. Methods This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients with clinical evidence of hypoxia (ie, receiving oxygen or with oxygen saturation Findings Between May 25, 2021, and May 13, 2022, 1272 patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia receiving no oxygen (eight [1%]) or simple oxygen only (1264 [99%]) were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids (659 patients) versus usual care alone (613 patients, of whom 87% received low-dose corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomly assigned, 745 (59%) were in Asia, 512 (40%) in the UK, and 15 (1%) in Africa. 248 (19%) had diabetes and 769 (60%) were male. Overall, 123 (19%) of 659 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids versus 75 (12%) of 613 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·59 [95% CI 1·20–2·10]; p=0·0012). There was also an excess of pneumonia reported to be due to non-COVID infection (64 cases [10%] vs 37 cases [6%]; absolute difference 3·7% [95% CI 0·7–6·6]) and an increase in hyperglycaemia requiring increased insulin dose (142 [22%] vs 87 [14%]; absolute difference 7·4% [95% CI 3·2–11·5]). Interpretation In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with clinical hypoxia who required either no oxygen or simple oxygen only, higher dose corticosteroids significantly increased the risk of death compared with usual care, which included low-dose corticosteroids. The RECOVERY trial continues to assess the effects of higher dose corticosteroids in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 who require non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Funding UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council), National Institute of Health and Care Research, and Wellcome Trust.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Reduced renal clearance of cefotaxime in asians with a low‐frequency polymorphism of OAT3 (SLC22A8)

Author: Yee, Sook Wah, Nguyen, Anh Nguyet, Brown, Chaline, Savic, Radojka M, Zhang, Youcai, Castro, Richard A, Cropp, Cheryl D, Choi, Ji Ha, Singh, Diment, Tahara, Harunobu, Stocker, Sophie L, Huang, Yong, Brett, Claire M, and Giacomini, Kathleen M
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Kidney Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Asian People, Cefotaxime, Female, Gene Frequency, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Kidney, Male, Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent, Polymorphism, Genetic, Young Adult, organic anion transporter, cefotaxime, tubular secretion, OAT3, polymorphisms, pharmacogenomic, pharmacokinetics, renal clearance, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3, SLC22A8), a transporter expressed on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule, plays a critical role in the renal excretion of organic anions including many therapeutic drugs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of the OAT3-Ile305Phe variant (rs11568482), present at 3.5% allele frequency in Asians, on drug disposition with a focus on cefotaxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic. In HEK293-Flp-In cells, the OAT3-Ile305Phe variant had a lower maximum cefotaxime transport activity, Vmax , [159 ± 3 nmol*(mg protein)(-1) /min (mean ± SD)] compared with the reference OAT3 [305 ± 28 nmol*(mg protein)(-1) /min, (mean ± SD), p < 0.01], whereas the Michaelis-Menten constant values (Km ) did not differ. In healthy volunteers, we found volunteers that were heterozygous for the Ile305Phe variant and had a significantly lower cefotaxime renal clearance (CLR ; mean ± SD: 84.8 ± 32.1 mL/min, n = 5) compared with volunteers that were homozygous for the reference allele (158 ± 44.1 mL/min, n = 10; p = 0.006). Furthermore, the net secretory component of cefotaxime renal clearance (CLsec ) was reduced in volunteers heterozygous for the variant allele [33.3 ± 31.8 mL/min (mean ± SD)] compared with volunteers homozygous for the OAT3 reference allele [97.0 ± 42.2 mL/min (mean ± SD), p = 0.01]. In summary, our study suggests that a low-frequency reduced-function polymorphism of OAT3 associates with reduced cefotaxime CLR and CL(sec) .
Published: 2013

13. The Effect of Novel Promoter Variants in MATE1 and MATE2 on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin

Author: Stocker, SL, Morrissey, KM, Yee, SW, Castro, RA, Xu, L, Dahlin, A, Ramirez, AH, Roden, DM, Wilke, RA, McCarty, CA, Davis, RL, Brett, CM, and Giacomini, KM
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Genotype, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Kidney, Male, Metformin, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Interindividual variation in response to metformin, first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, is substantial. Given that transporters are determinants of metformin pharmacokinetics, we examined the effects of promoter variants in both multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) (g.-66T → C, rs2252281) and MATE2 (g.-130G → A, rs12943590) on variation in metformin disposition and response. The pharmacokinetics and glucose-lowering effects of metformin were assessed in healthy volunteers (n = 57) receiving metformin. The renal and secretory clearances of metformin were higher (22% and 26%, respectively) in carriers of variant MATE2 who were also MATE1 reference (P < 0.05). Both MATE genotypes were associated with altered post-metformin glucose tolerance, with variant carriers of MATE1 and MATE2 having an enhanced (P < 0.01) and reduced (P < 0.05) response, respectively. Consistent with these results, patients with diabetes (n = 145) carrying the MATE1 variant showed enhanced metformin response. These findings suggest that promoter variants of MATE1 and MATE2 are important determinants of metformin disposition and response in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients.
Published: 2013

14. Subtotal Fenestrating Cholecystectomy: A Safe and Effective Approach to the Difficult Gallbladder

Author: Alexandria Byskosh, Benjamin Stocker, Daniel Yi-Ze Liu, Jennifer Li, Benjamin Gastevich, Courtney L. Devin, Giang Quach, Hannah Weiss, and Joseph Posluszny
Subjects: Male, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Cholecystitis, Acute, Acute Disease, Humans, Gallbladder, Cholecystectomy, Surgery, Gallbladder Diseases, Vascular System Injuries
Abstract: Subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SUB) is an alternative to total laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TOT) when the critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved. Little is known about the clinical factors and postoperative outcomes associated with SUB. The objective was to determine predictive factors and outcomes of SUB as compared to TOT.Clinical data from patients admitted from our emergency department to the acute care surgery service who underwent SUB or TOT by an acute care surgery surgeon for acute biliary disease (2017-2019) were reviewed. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact tests were used.355 patients underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis; 28 were SUB (7.9%). SUB patients were more likely to be older (57 versus 43 y; P = 0.015), male (60.7% versus 39.3%; P 0.001), have a history of cirrhosis or liver disease (14.3% versus 2.1%; P = 0.007), and have a higher Charlson-Comorbidity Index (1 versus 0, P = 0.041). SUB had greater leukocytosis (14.6 versus 10.9; P 0.001), higher total bilirubin (0.9 versus 0.6; P = 0.021), and a higher Tokyo grade (2 versus 1; P 0.001), and had operative findings including gallbladder decompression (82.1% versus 23.2%; P 0.001) and inability to achieve the CVS (78.6% versus 3.4%; P 0.001). SUB patients had an increased length of stay (4 versus 2 d; P 0.001) and more 1-y readmissions. No major vascular injuries occurred in either group with one biliary injury in the TOT group.SUB patients present with more significant markers of biliary disease and have more complicated intraoperative and postoperative courses. However, the lack of biliary or vascular injuries suggests that SUB may represent a safe alternative when the CVS cannot be achieved.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. The pharmacokinetics of oxypurinol in people with gout

Author: Stocker, Sophie L, McLachlan, Andrew J, Savic, Radojka M, Kirkpatrick, Carl M, Graham, Garry G, Williams, Kenneth M, and Day, Richard O
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Clinical Research, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diuretics, Drug Interactions, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Gout, Gout Suppressants, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Nonlinear Dynamics, Oxypurinol, Probenecid, Renal Insufficiency, Severity of Illness Index, allopurinol, gout, oxypurinol, pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, urate, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: AimsOur aim was to identify and quantify the sources of variability in oxypurinol pharmacokinetics and explore relationships with plasma urate concentrations.MethodsNon-linear mixed effects modelling was applied to concentration-time data from 155 gouty patients with demographic, medical history and renal transporter genotype information.ResultsA one compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption best described the oxypurinol concentration-time data. Renal function and concomitant medicines (diuretics and probenecid), but not transporter genotype, significantly influenced oxypurinol pharmacokinetics and reduced the between subject variability in the apparent clearance of oxypurinol (CL/F(m)) from 65% to 29%. CL/F(m) for patients with normal, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment was 1.8, 0.6, 0.3 and 0.18 l h(-1), respectively. Model predictions showed a relationship between plasma oxypurinol and urate concentrations and failure to reach target oxypurinol concentrations using suggested allopurinol dosing guidelines.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this first established pharmacokinetic model provides a tool to achieve target oxypurinol plasma concentrations, thereby optimizing the effectiveness and safety of allopurinol therapy in gouty patients with various degrees of renal impairment.
Published: 2012

16. Reduction of contrast agent volume utilization for cardiac catheterization in current clinical practice

Author: Thomas J, Stocker, Steffen, Massberg, and Jörg, Hausleiter
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, Contrast Media, Humans, Female, Coronary Angiography, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Cardiac catheterization procedures require intra-arterial contrast agent administration. The amount of utilized contrast agent volume (CAV) is a risk factor for contrast-induced side-effects. In this study, we assess trends and associations of CAV utilization in diagnostic cardiac catheterization (DCC) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).All cardiac catheterization procedures reported for quality assurance between 2008 and 2018 in Germany were included. Available site, patient, and procedural parameters were analyzed. CAV was reported by interventional cardiologists after the procedure. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with clinically relevant CAV change (defined10 ml).We included 9,106,511 procedures (DCC: 5,401,525, PCI: 3,704,986). Median CAV of all DCCs was 80 (interquartile range, IQR 60-110) ml. CAV for DCC significantly lowered by 22% during the retrospective observational period (p 0.001) and significantly varied according to the leading diagnosis (p 0.001). We observed significant 2.5-fold variability of CAV between the catheterization laboratories (5th percentile: 40 ml, 95th percentile: 100 ml, p 0.001). Median CAV for PCIs was 170 (IQR 120-223) ml. Independent associated factors for clinically relevant higher CAV use in PCI were male gender, coronary-artery-bypass-graft surgery, total coronary occlusion, ostial lesions, and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (all p 0.001).The results of this large, multi-center study show significant lowering of CAV in clinical routine DCC, however, the large inter-site variability demonstrates the need for additional CAV reduction to further lower the risk of adverse side-effects. In PCI practice, CAV should be limited in the presence of the identified high contrast-dose scenarios.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Sympathoexcitatory responses to renal chemosensitive stimuli are exaggerated at nighttime in rats

Author: Leon DeLalio and Sean Stocker
Subjects: Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sympathetic Nervous System, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Animals, Blood Pressure, Female, Capsaicin, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Bradykinin, Kidney, Rats
Abstract: The circadian cycle impacts sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), cardiovascular hemodynamics, and renal function. Activation of renal sensory nerves by chemosensory and mechanosensory stimuli reflexively changes efferent SNA and arterial blood pressure (ABP) to maintain homeostasis. However, it is unclear to what extent circadian cycle influences reflex SNA and ABP responses to renal sensory stimuli. Renal, splanchnic, and lumbar SNA and ABP responses to intrarenal arterial infusion of bradykinin or capsaicin and elevated renal pelvic pressure were measured in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats during nighttime (wakeful/active phase) and daytime (inactive phase). Intrarenal arterial bradykinin infusion significantly increased efferent renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP but not lumbar SNA. Responses were greater during nighttime versus daytime. Similarly, intrarenal arterial capsaicin infusion significantly increased renal SNA and splanchnic SNA, and responses were again greater during nighttime. Elevated renal pelvic pressure increased renal SNA and splanchnic SNA; however, responses did not differ between daytime and nighttime. Finally, afferent renal nerve activity responses to bradykinin were not different between daytime and nighttime. Thus, renal chemokines elicit greater sympathoexcitatory responses at nighttime that cannot be attributed to differences in afferent renal nerve activity. Collectively, these data suggest that the circadian cycle alters the excitability of central autonomic networks to alter baseline SNA and ABP as well as the magnitude of visceral reflexes.
Published: 2023

18. Trends and predictors of radiation exposure in percutaneous coronary intervention: the PROTECTION VIII study

Author: Thomas J, Stocker, Mohamed, Abdel-Wahab, Helge, Möllmann, Simon, Deseive, Steffen, Massberg, and Jörg, Hausleiter
Subjects: Male, Radiation Exposure, Coronary Angiography, Radiation Dosage, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Occlusion, Risk Factors, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Female, Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aged
Abstract: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is indispensable in cardiology; however, exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation remains a concern.This study was designed to assess the PCI-related radiation dose over the last decade and to identify predictors of increased dose exposure.The PROcedural radiaTion dose Exposure in percutaneous Coronary intervenTION (PROTECTION VIII) study included all PCIs reported to a German quality assurance programme between 2008 and 2018. Dose area product (DAP) and radiation time were analysed. Effective dose (ED) was estimated (ED=DAP*k; conversion coefficient k=0.0022 mSv/cGy*cmWe enrolled 3,704,986 patients undergoing PCI (median age 70 years, 30% female). Indications were chronic coronary syndrome (37.5%), unstable angina pectoris and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI; 33.2%) and STEMI (18.5%). Median DAP was 4,203 (interquartile range [IQR] 2,313-7,300) cGy*cm, ED was 9.2 mSv and median radiation time was 9.2 (IQR 5.8-15.0) min. Within the 10-year period, radiation exposure was reduced by 36% (p0.001) and resulted in a median DAP of 3,070 cGy*cm (ED 6.8 mSv) in 2018. A significant 5.3-fold variability of median DAP was observed between catheterisation laboratories (p0.001). We identified patient-related (gender, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, heart failure) and procedure-related (coronary occlusion PCI, ostial lesion PCI, left main PCI, multivessel PCI) predictors of increased radiation dose (all p0.001).This radiation dose survey demonstrates a considerable reduction of PCI radiation exposure during the last decade. However, large variability between catheterisation laboratories underlines the need for further radiation dose reduction.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Persistence with urate‐lowering therapy in Australia: A longitudinal analysis of allopurinol prescriptions

Author: Matthew J. Coleshill, Richard O. Day, Karson Tam, Mahsa Kouhkamari, Vincent Caillet, Eindra Aung, Diluk R. W. Kannangara, Peter Cronin, Anthony Rodgers, and Sophie L. Stocker
Subjects: Male, Pharmacology, Prescriptions, Gout, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Allopurinol, Australia, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Colchicine, Gout Suppressants, Medication Adherence, Uric Acid
Abstract: Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men. Despite the availability of effective urate-lowering therapies (ULT), the management of gout is suboptimal due to poor persistence with ULT. This study examined national prescribing patterns of ULT to determine persistence with allopurinol in Australia.A 10% sample of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing claims database was used to identify individuals initiated on allopurinol between April 2014 and December 2019. The number of allopurinol scripts dispensed was used to estimate persistence with allopurinol. Persistence was defined as the number of months from initiation until discontinuation (last prescription with no further scripts acquired for a period thereafter). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to examine persistence, while Cox regression analysis was used to examine the influence of gender, concomitant colchicine and age.The largest drop in persistence occurred immediately after initiation, with 34% of patients discontinuing allopurinol 300-mg therapy in the first month. Median persistence with allopurinol 300 mg was 5 months (95% confidence interval 4.76-5.24), with around 63% of individuals not persisting with this therapy for more than 12 months. Concomitant prescription of colchicine on the day of allopurinol initiation only occurred in 7% of allopurinol initiations. No increase in persistence was observed for those co-prescribed colchicine.Persistence with allopurinol was poor. More effective methods targeting prescribers, patients and systems are required to promote persistence with allopurinol. Improving persistence to allopurinol is an important public health goal given the proven potential of this medication to eliminate gout.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Second-line therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab for older patients with oesophageal squamous cell cancer (RAMONA): a multicentre, open-label phase 2 trial

Author: Matthias P Ebert, Nadja M Meindl-Beinker, Tobias Gutting, Martin Maenz, Johannes Betge, Nadine Schulte, Tianzuo Zhan, Philip Weidner, Elke Burgermeister, Ralf Hofheinz, Arndt Vogel, Stefan Angermeier, Claus Bolling, Maike de Wit, Ralf Jakobs, Meinolf Karthaus, Gertraud Stocker, Peter Thuss-Patience, Tobias Leidig, Timo Gaiser, Jakob N Kather, and Nicolai Haertel
Subjects: Male, Health (social science), Esophageal Neoplasms, Epithelial Cells, Ipilimumab, Psychiatry and Mental health, Nivolumab, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Female, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Family Practice, Aged
Abstract: The lancet / Healthy longevity 3(6), e417-e427 (2022). doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00116-7, Published by Elsevier, London
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Activation of the Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis Produces a Sympathetically Mediated Hypertension

Author: William B. Farquhar, Megan M. Wenner, Kirsteen N. Browning, and Sean D. Stocker
Subjects: Male, Sympathetic nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Lesion, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Extracellular, Animals, Organum Vasculosum, Neurons, Lamina terminalis, business.industry, Hemodynamics, Angiotensin II, Rats, Optogenetics, Blood pressure, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Hypothalamus, Hypertension, medicine.symptom, business, Homeostasis
Abstract: Neurons in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) sense extracellular NaCl and angiotensin II concentrations to regulate body fluid homeostasis and arterial blood pressure. Lesion of the anteroventral third ventricular region or OVLT attenuates multiple forms of neurogenic hypertension. However, the extent by which OVLT neurons directly regulate sympathetic nerve activity to produce hypertension is not known. Therefore, the present study tested this hypothesis by using a multi-faceted approach including optogenetics, single-unit and multifiber nerve recordings, and chemogenetics. First, optogenetic activation of OVLT neurons in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats (250–400 g) produced frequency-dependent increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. These responses were not altered by the vasopressin receptor antagonist (β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl1,O-me-Tyr2,Arg8)–vasopressin but eliminated by the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine. Second, optogenetic activation of OVLT neurons significantly elevated renal, splanchnic, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity. Third, single-unit recordings revealed optogenetic activation of the OVLT significantly increased the discharge of bulbospinal, sympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Lastly, chronic chemogenetic activation of OVLT neurons for 7 days significantly increased 24-hour fluid intake and mean arterial blood pressure. When the 24-hour fluid intake was clamped at baseline intakes, chemogenetic activation of OVLT neurons still produced a similar increase in arterial blood pressure. Neurogenic pressor activity assessed by the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine was greater at 7 days of OVLT activation versus baseline. Collectively, these findings indicate that acute or chronic activation of OVLT neurons produces a sympathetically mediated hypertension.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Hydrogen peroxide signaling via its transformation to a stereospecific alkyl hydroperoxide that escapes reductive inactivation

Author: Anita Ayer, Giang T H Nguyen, Christopher P. Stanley, Naomi McKinnon, Ragul Rajivan, Roland Stocker, Antonella Roveri, Sebastian Guttzeit, William A. Donald, Kathryn Wolhuter, Philip Eaton, Raphael F Queiroz, Fulvio Ursini, Christine C. Winterbourn, and Stephanie M Y Kong
Subjects: Male, Stereochemistry, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Oxidative phosphorylation, Peroxiredoxin 2, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, Stress signalling, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animals, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase, Hydrogen peroxide, tryptophan hydroperoxide, signaling, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I, Homeodomain Proteins, Inflammation, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Multidisciplinary, biology, Small molecules, Tryptophan, Endothelial Cells, Peroxiredoxins, General Chemistry, Glutathione, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peroxidases, chemistry, biology.protein, Epimer, Oxidation-Reduction, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, Signal Transduction, Chemical modification, Peroxidase
Abstract: During systemic inflammation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) becomes expressed in endothelial cells where it uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxidize L-tryptophan to the tricyclic hydroperoxide, cis-WOOH, that then relaxes arteries via oxidation of protein kinase G 1α. Here we show that arterial glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins that rapidly eliminate H2O2, have little impact on relaxation of IDO1-expressing arteries, and that purified IDO1 forms cis-WOOH in the presence of peroxiredoxin 2. cis-WOOH oxidizes protein thiols in a selective and stereospecific manner. Compared with its epimer trans-WOOH and H2O2, cis-WOOH reacts slower with the major arterial forms of glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins while it reacts more readily with its target, protein kinase G 1α. Our results indicate a paradigm of redox signaling by H2O2 via its enzymatic conversion to an amino acid-derived hydroperoxide that ‘escapes’ effective reductive inactivation to engage in selective oxidative activation of key target proteins., A major question in redox signaling is how H2O2 oxidizes target protein thiols in the presence of glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins. We reveal signaling by H2O2 via its enzymatic conversion to an alkyl hydroperoxide that stereo-specifically escapes peroxidases and oxidizes target proteins.
Published: 2021

23. Developmental programming of appetite and growth in male rats increases hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT)5A receptor expression and sensitivity

Author: Malgorzata S. Martin-Gronert, Roselle L. Cripps, Lora K. Heisler, Giles S.H. Yeo, Claire J. Stocker, Jonathan R.S. Arch, Edward T. Wargent, Susan E. Ozanne, Stocker, Claire J [0000-0002-0178-7349], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Low protein, Normal diet, Offspring, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Receptor expression, Hypothalamus, Appetite, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, Serotonergic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Low-protein diet, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Nutrition and Dietetics, Body Weight, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Diet, Rats, Endocrinology, Receptors, Serotonin, Female, Transcriptome
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Though it is well established that neonatal nutrition plays a major role in lifelong offspring health, the mechanisms underpinning this have not been well defined. Early postnatal accelerated growth resulting from maternal nutritional status is associated with increased appetite and body weight. Likewise, slow growth correlates with decreased appetite and body weight. Food consumption and food-seeking behaviour are directly modulated by central serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) pathways. This study examined the effect of a rat maternal postnatal low protein (PLP) diet on 5-HT receptor mediated food intake in offspring. METHODS: Microarray analyses, in situ hybridization or laser capture microdissection of the ARC followed by RT-PCR were used to identify genes up- or down-regulated in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) of 3-month-old male PLP rats. Third ventricle cannulation was used to identify altered sensitivity to serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists with respect to food intake. RESULTS: Male PLP offspring consumed less food and had lower growth rates up to 3 months of age compared with Control offspring from dams fed a normal diet. In total, 97 genes were upregulated including the 5-HT5A receptor (5-HT5AR) and 149 downregulated genes in PLP rats compared with Controls. The former obesity medication fenfluramine and the 5-HT receptor agonist 5-Carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) significantly suppressed food intake in both groups, but the PLP offspring were more sensitive to d-fenfluramine and 5-CT compared with Controls. The effect of 5-CT was antagonized by the 5-HT5AR antagonist SB699551. 5-CT also reduced NPY-induced hyperphagia in both Control and PLP rats but was more effective in PLP offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal low protein programming of growth in rats enhances the central effects of serotonin on appetite by increasing hypothalamic 5-HT5AR expression and sensitivity. These findings provide insight into the possible mechanisms through which a maternal low protein diet during lactation programs reduced growth and appetite in offspring.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Challenges in Predicting Discharge Disposition for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Patients

Author: Milo Engoren, Noah Weingarten, Hannah Weiss, Joseph A. Posluszny, Benjamin Stocker, and Kathryn E. Engelhardt
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Patient characteristics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Aged, Patient Care Team, Univariate analysis, business.industry, General surgery, Health services research, Discharge disposition, Middle Aged, Patient Discharge, Hospital system, General Surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, Trauma surgery, Selection operator, Forecasting
Abstract: Changes in discharge disposition and delays in discharge negatively impact the patient and hospital system. Our objectives wereDischarge dispositions and barriers to discharge for 200 TEGS patients were predicted individually by members of the multidisciplinary TEGS team within 24 h of patient admission. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions determined the associations between patient characteristics and correct predictions.A total of 1,498 predictions of discharge disposition were made by the multidisciplinary TEGS team for 200 TEGS patients. Providers correctly predicted 74% of discharge dispositions. Prediction accuracy was not associated with clinical experience or job title. Incorrect predictions were independently associated with older age (OR 0.98; P0.001), trauma admission as compared to emergency general surgery (OR 0.33; P0.001), higher Injury Severity Scores (OR 0.96; P0.001), longer lengths of stay (OR 0.90; P0.001), frailty (OR 0.43; P = 0.001), ICU admission (OR 0.54; P0.001), and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (OR 0.94; P = 0.006).The TEGS team can accurately predict the majority of discharge dispositions. Patients with risk factors for unpredictable dispositions should be flagged to better allocate appropriate resources and more intensively plan their discharges.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction following the use of a supraglottic airway device during general anaesthesia: a prospective observational study

Author: K. Brown, T.-Y. Mohamed, N. Akhtar, S. Cakir, J. Stocker, C. Mendonca, N. Ungureanu, and U. Ansari
Subjects: Adult, Male, Patients, medicine.medical_treatment, Anesthesia, General, stomatognathic system, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, General anaesthesia, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Elective surgery, Aged, Pain, Postoperative, Rehabilitation, Temporomandibular Joint, business.industry, Middle Aged, Supraglottic airway, Temporomandibular joint, stomatognathic diseases, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Jaw, Elective Surgical Procedures, Anesthesia, Female, Observational study, Airway management, Airway, business
Abstract: Supraglottic airway devices are commonly used to manage the airway during general anaesthesia. There are sporadic case reports of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and dislocation following supraglottic airway device use. We conducted a prospective observational study of adult patients undergoing elective surgery where a supraglottic airway device was used as the primary airway device. Pre-operatively, all participants were asked to complete a questionnaire involving 12 points adapted from the Temporomandibular Joint Scale and the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire. Objective measurements included inter-incisor distance as well as forward and lateral jaw movements. The primary outcome was the inter-incisor distance, an accepted measure of temporomandibular joint mobility. Both the questionnaire and measurements were repeated in the postoperative period and we analysed data from 130 participants. Mean (SD) inter-incisor distance in the pre- and postoperative period was 46.5 (7.2) mm and 46.3 (7.5) mm, respectively (p = 0.521) with a difference (95%CI) of 0.2 (-0.5 to 0.9) mm. Mean (SD) forward jaw movement in the pre- and postoperative period was 3.6 (2.4) mm and 3.9 (2.4) mm, respectively (p = 0.018). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the right in the pre- and postoperative period was 8.9 (4.1) mm and 9.1 (4.0) mm, respectively (p = 0.314). Mean (SD) lateral jaw movement to the left in the pre- and postoperative period was 8.8 (4.0) mm and 9.3 (3.6) mm, respectively (p = 0.008). The number of patients who reported jaw clicks or pops before opening their mouth as wide as possible was 28 (21.5%) vs. 12 (9.2%) in the pre- and postoperative period, respectively (p < 0.001) with a difference (95%CI) of 12.3% (6.7-17.9%). There was no significant difference in the responses to the other 11 questions or in the number of patients who reported pain in the temporomandibular joint area postoperatively. No clinically significant dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint following the use of supraglottic airway devices in the postoperative period was identified by either patient questionnaires or objective measurements.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Electron microscopy images of monkeypox virus infection in 24-year-old man

Author: Markus Müller, Barbara Ingold-Heppner, Hartmut Stocker, Frank L Heppner, Carsten Dittmayer, and Michael Laue
Subjects: Male, Adult, Young Adult, Microscopy, Electron, diagnostic imaging [Monkeypox], Humans, epidemiology [Monkeypox], General Medicine, ddc:610, Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, Disease Outbreaks
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Percutaneous edge‐to‐edge repair of severe mitral regurgitation using the MitraClip XTR versus NTR system

Author: Doldi, Philipp M., Brinkmann, Isabel, Orban, Mathias, Stolz, Lukas, Orban, Martin, Stocker, Thomas, Loew, Kornelia, Buech, Joscha, Nabauer, Michael, Illigens, Ben, Cerqueira, Tiago Lemos, Siepmann, Timo, Massberg, Steffen, Hausleiter, Joerg, and Braun, Daniel
Subjects: Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation, Male, Cardiac Catheterization, mitral valve regurgitation, Clinical Investigations, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, transcatheter mitral valve repair, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, leaflet injury, Humans, Mitral Valve, single leaflet device attachment, Female, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) has shown to improve symptoms and functional capacity in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR). Novel device developments provide the technology to treat patients with complex anatomies and large coaptation gaps. Nevertheless, the question of superiority of one device remains unanswered. We aimed to compare the MitraClip XTR and MitraClip NTR system in a real world setting. Hypothesis TMVR with the MitraClip XTR system is equally effective, but associated with a higher risk of leaflet injury. Methods We retrospectively analyzed peri‐procedural and mid‐term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of 113 patients treated for severe MR between March 2018 and August 2019 at the University Hospital of Munich. Results Postprocedural MR reduction to ≤2+ was comparable in both groups (XTR: 96.1% vs. NTR: 97.6%, p = .38). There was a significant difference in a composite safety endpoint of periprocedural Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including leaflet injury between groups (XTR 14.6% vs. NTR 1.7%, 95% CI [2.7, 24.6], p = .012). After a median follow‐up of 8.5 (4.4, 14.0) months, durable reduction of MR was confirmed (XTR: in 91.9% vs. NTR: 96.8%, p = .31) and clinical and symptomatic improvement was comparable in both groups accordingly. Conclusion While efficacy was comparable in both treatment groups, patients treated with the MitraClip XTR systems showed more events of acute leaflet tear and single leaflet device attachment (SLDA). A detailed echocardiographic assessment should be done to identify risk candidates for acute leaflet injury.
Published: 2021

28. Subjective short-term memory difficulties at ages 50–75 predict dementia risk in a community-based cohort followed over 17 years

Author: Tobias Möllers, Hannah Stocker, Laura Perna, Dan Rujescu, Bernd Holleczek, Ben Schöttker, and Hermann Brenner
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Male, Aging, Memory, Short-Term, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia, Female, General Medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract: Introduction Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an established precursor of dementia. However, the relationship between SCD and dementia has been mostly studied among people aged 65+. We aimed to assess the association between subjective memory difficulties at ages 50–75 with all-cause dementia and dementia-subtypes in a community-based cohort with long-term follow-up. Methods 6,190 individuals (51% female) aged 50–75 years (median age, 62) attending a general health examination (by a total of 684 general practitioners) in Saarland, Germany, in 2000–2002 were recruited for a community-based cohort study. Subjective difficulties regarding short-term and long-term memory were assessed at baseline with two simple yes/no questions. Associations with dementia (−subtypes) diagnoses during 17 years of follow-up were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results 492 participants were diagnosed with dementia during 17 years of follow-up. Participants with short-term memory difficulties were at higher risk to receive incident all-cause dementia and vascular dementia diagnoses both within 0–9 years (age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), 1.80 and 2.00, respectively) and within 0–17 years (aHR 1.55 and 1.78, respectively) from recruitment (P Conclusions Subjective difficulties in short-term memory predict both intermediate and long-term risk of vascular and all-cause dementia even among late middle-age adults. These results underline the importance of cardiovascular disease prevention efforts well before old age for maintaining cognitive health.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Photobiomodulation: a promising innovative approach for preventing oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Author: Nicolas Stocker, Virginie Baltes, Solal Bellaiche, Flora Brouillard, Nadia Belmoufid, Céline Rousseau, Agnès Bonnin, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Laure Ricard, Anne Banet, Florent Malard, Remy Duléry, Mohamad Mohty, and Eolia Brissot
Subjects: Male, Mucositis, Stomatitis, Transplantation Conditioning, Oncology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Melphalan, Transplantation, Autologous, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Purpose: The study aims to investigate the efficacy/acceptance of photobiomodulation by a quick and easy-to-use device for both preventing oral mucositis (OM) and reducing its severity in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT).Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent autologous HCT for hematological malignancies between November 2020 and October 2021. Prophylactic photobiomodulation (PBM) was used daily from day 1 of conditioning until the day of neutrophil recovery at a dose of 3 J/cm2. Curative PBM was started at a dose of 6 J/cm2 when at least one grade 1 OM had occurred. For each OM case, time of onset, National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) v5.0 grade for OM, analgesic dose, and time to resolution were reported.Results: The median age of the 25 patients was 58 years (range, 39-74) and 14 (56%) were male. Twenty-one patients (84%) received a high dose melphalan conditioning regimen for multiple myeloma, and 4 (16%) patients received BEAM conditioning for aggressive lymphoma. A total of 178 CareMin650 sessions were performed, with a median of 7 days of application (range, 4-12), with no device-related adverse events (AEs). According to the NCI-CTCAE v5.0 scale, 76% (19 of 25) of patients presented grade 0 or 1 mucositis (no ulcers), five patients (20%) developed small ulcers (grade 2), and only one patient developed grade 4 mucositis. Satisfaction rates were high among patients and users.Conclusion: Photobiomodulation provides excellent safety and tolerance, as well as promising efficacy, both as a preventive and curative strategy, in patients undergoing autologous HCT.
Published: 2022

30. A Model Averaging/Selection Approach Improves the Predictive Performance of Model‐Informed Precision Dosing: Vancomycin as a Case Study

Author: Jonathan Brett, Sophie L. Stocker, Deborah Marriott, Richard O. Day, Jane E. Carland, David W. Uster, and Sebastian G. Wicha
Subjects: Male, Accuracy and precision, Computer science, Models, Biological, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vancomycin, Statistics, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Drug Dosage Calculations, Pharmacology (medical), Precision Medicine, Selection (genetic algorithm), Pharmacology, Single model, medicine.diagnostic_test, Model selection, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Therapeutic drug monitoring, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Plasma concentration, Target attainment, Female, Drug Monitoring, Dose vancomycin, Algorithms, Forecasting
Abstract: Many important drugs exhibit substantial variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics leading to a loss of the desired clinical outcomes or significant adverse effects. Forecasting drug exposures using pharmacometric models can improve individual target attainment when compared with conventional therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). However, selecting the "correct" model for this model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is challenging. We derived and evaluated a model selection algorithm (MSA) and a model averaging algorithm (MAA), which automates model selection and finds the best model or combination of models for each patient using vancomycin as a case study, and implemented both algorithms in the MIPD software "TDMx." The predictive performance (based on accuracy and precision) of the two algorithms was assessed in (i) a simulation study of six distinct populations and (ii) a clinical dataset of 180 patients undergoing TDM during vancomycin treatment and compared with the performance obtained using a single model. Throughout the six virtual populations the MSA and MAA (imprecision: 9.9-24.2%, inaccuracy: less than ± 8.2%) displayed more accurate predictions than the single models (imprecision: 8.9-51.1%; inaccuracy: up to 28.9%). In the clinical dataset, the predictive performance of the single models applying at least one plasma concentration varied substantially (imprecision: 28-62%, inaccuracy: -16 to 25%), whereas the MSA or MAA utilizing these models simultaneously resulted in unbiased and precise predictions (imprecision: 29% and 30%, inaccuracy: -5% and 0%, respectively). MSA and MAA approaches implemented in TDMx might thereby lower the burden of fit-for-purpose validation of individual models and streamline MIPD.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Mental health of people in Australia in the first month of <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 restrictions: a national survey

Author: Claire Stubber, Maggie Kirkman, Hau Nguyen, Karin Hammarberg, Sally Popplestone, Ruby Stocker, Heather Rowe, Jane Fisher, Jayagowri Sastry, and Thach Duc Tran
Subjects: Adult, Male, Depressive disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, Population, Psychological intervention, Respiratory tract infections, Research and Reviews, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optimism, COVID‐19, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental health policy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Psychiatry, Pandemics, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, media_common, education.field_of_study, Depression, business.industry, Mental Disorders, Research, Health Policy, Australia, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Mental health, Patient Health Questionnaire, Suicide, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, Worry, Coronavirus Infections, business
Abstract: Objectives To estimate the population prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression, generalised anxiety, thoughts of being better off dead, irritability, and high optimism about the future, and of direct experience of COVID‐19, loss of employment caused by COVID‐19 restrictions, worry about contracting COVID‐19, or major disadvantage because of the restrictions; to examine the relationship between these experiences and reporting mental symptoms. Design, setting, participants Anonymous online survey of adult Australian residents, 3 April – 2 May 2020. Main outcome measures Self‐reported psychological status during the preceding fortnight assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9; symptoms of depression) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7). Optimism about the future was assessed with a 10‐point study‐specific visual analogue scale. Results 13 829 respondents contributed complete response data. The estimated prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression (PHQ‐9 ≥ 10) was 27.6% (95% CI, 26.1–29.1%) and of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (GAD‐7 ≥ 10) 21.0% (95% CI, 19.6–22.4%); 14.6% of respondents (95% CI, 13.5–16.0%) reported thoughts of being better off dead or self‐harm (PHQ‐9, item 9) on at least some days and 59.2% (95% CI, 57.6–60.7%) that they were more irritable (GAD‐7, item 6). An estimated 28.3% of respondents (95% CI, 27.1–29.6%) reported great optimism about the future (score ≥ 8). People who had lost jobs, were worried about contracting COVID‐19, or for whom the restrictions had a highly adverse impact on daily life were more likely to report symptoms of depression or anxiety, and less likely to report high optimism than people without these experiences. Conclusions Mental health problems were widespread among Australians during the first month of the stage two COVID‐19 restrictions; in addition, about one‐quarter of respondents reported mild to moderate symptoms of depression or anxiety. A public mental health response that includes universal, selective and indicated clinical interventions is needed.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Acute dose-dependent effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects

Author: Nimmy Varghese, Matthias E. Liechti, Anne Eckert, Laura Ley, Melanie Stocker, Patrick Vizeli, Stefan Borgwardt, Urs Duthaler, Patrick C. Dolder, Felix Müller, and Friederike Holze
Subjects: Male, Ketanserin, Drug development, Pharmacology, Placebo, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Pharmacokinetics, Human behaviour, Heart rate, Humans, Medicine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, business.industry, Crossover study, Healthy Volunteers, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psychiatry and Mental health, Hallucinogens, Ceiling effect, Female, Serotonin, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Growing interest has been seen in using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in psychiatric research and therapy. However, no modern studies have evaluated subjective and autonomic effects of different and pharmaceutically well-defined doses of LSD. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 16 healthy subjects (eight women, eight men) who underwent six 25 h sessions and received placebo, LSD (25, 50, 100, and 200 µg), and 200 µg LSD 1 h after administration of the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin (40 mg). Test days were separated by at least 10 days. Outcome measures included self-rating scales that evaluated subjective effects, autonomic effects, adverse effects, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and pharmacokinetics up to 24 h. The pharmacokinetic-subjective response relationship was evaluated. LSD showed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and first-order elimination and dose-dependently induced subjective responses starting at the 25 µg dose. A ceiling effect was observed for good drug effects at 100 µg. The 200 µg dose of LSD induced greater ego dissolution than the 100 µg dose and induced significant anxiety. The average duration of subjective effects increased from 6.7 to 11 h with increasing doses of 25–200 µg. LSD moderately increased blood pressure and heart rate. Ketanserin effectively prevented the response to 200 µg LSD. The LSD dose–response curve showed a ceiling effect for subjective good effects, and ego dissolution and anxiety increased further at a dose above 100 µg. These results may assist with dose finding for future LSD research. The full psychedelic effects of LSD are primarily mediated by serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Excessive dietary salt promotes aortic stiffness in murine renovascular hypertension

Author: Scott A. Hahn, Pedro Lourenço Katayama, Leon J. DeLalio, Sean D. Stocker, Adam C. Straub, William B. Farquhar, and Megan M. Wenner
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, aortic stiffness, hypertension, Physiology, Blood Pressure, Vasodilation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Renovascular hypertension, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Vascular Stiffness, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine.artery, salt sensitivity, medicine, Animals, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Pulse wave velocity, Mesenteric arteries, Aorta, business.industry, medicine.disease, Pulse pressure, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Hypertension, Renovascular, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Vasoconstriction, Aortic stiffness, Endothelium, Vascular, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 2K1C, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Renovascular hypertension is characterized by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blunted natriuretic responses, and elevated sympathetic nerve activity. Excess dietary salt intake exaggerates arterial blood pressure (ABP) in multiple models of experimental hypertension. The present study tested whether a high-salt diet exaggerated ABP and vascular dysfunction in a 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) murine model. Male C57BL/6J mice (8–12 wk) were randomly assigned, and fed a 0.1% or 4.0% NaCl diet, and instrumented with telemetry units to measure ABP. Then, the 2K1C model was produced by placing a cuff around the right renal artery. Systolic, diastolic, and mean ABP were significantly higher in mice fed 4.0% vs. 0.1% NaCl at 1 wk but not after 3 wk. Interestingly, 2K1C hypertension progressively increased arterial pulse pressure in both groups; however, the magnitude was significantly greater in mice fed 4.0% vs. 0.1% NaCl at 3 wk. Moreover, pulse wave velocity was significantly greater in 2K1C mice fed 4.0% vs. 0.1% NaCl diet or sham-operated mice fed either diet. Histological assessment of aortas indicated no structural differences among groups. Finally, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly and selectively attenuated in the aorta but not mesenteric arteries of 2K1C mice fed 4.0% NaCl vs. 0.1% NaCl or sham-operated control mice. The findings suggest that dietary salt loading transiently exaggerates 2K1C renovascular hypertension but promotes chronic aortic stiffness and selective aortic vascular dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High dietary salt exaggerates hypertension in multiple experimental models. Here we demonstrate that a high-salt diet produces a greater increase in arterial blood pressure at 1 wk after induction of 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension but not at 3 wk. Interestingly, 2K1C mice fed a high-salt diet displayed an exaggerated pulse pressure, elevated pulse wave velocity, and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the aorta but not mesenteric arteries. These findings suggest that dietary salt may interact with underlying cardiovascular disease to promote selective vascular dysfunction and aortic stiffness.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Pathophysiology of Gastroparesis Syndromes Includes Anatomic and Physiologic Abnormalities

Author: William R. Kennedy, Thomas L. Abell, Endashaw Omer, Ed Miller, Abigail Stocker, Christina Pinkston, Archana Kedar, Karen Beatty, Lindsay McElmurray, Leila Gobejishvili, Michael Griswold, Xiu Yang, Mostafa Fraig, Michael G. Hughes, Gwen Wendelschafer-Crabb, and Hani Rashed
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, Gastroparesis, Physiology, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Electrogastrogram, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Multiple abnormalities, Gastric emptying, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Syndrome, Middle Aged, Hepatology, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Interstitial cell of Cajal, Gastric Emptying, Gastric Mucosa, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, symbols, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Inflammation Mediators, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Factors underlying gastroparesis are not well defined. We hypothesized that multiple systems may be involved in patients with gastroparesis symptoms and performed a comparative physiologic study. We studied 43 consecutive eligible patients with gastroparetic symptoms categorized by GI symptoms, metabolic status, illness quantification, and gastric physiology. Patients were evaluated by two methods in each of five core areas: inflammatory, autonomic, enteric, electrophysiologic, and hormonal with abnormalities examined by correlations. Patients had similar GI symptoms regardless of baseline gastric emptying or diabetic/idiopathic status, and all patients demonstrated abnormalities in each of the 5 areas studied. Nearly all patients presented with elevated markers of serum TNFα (88%) and serum IL-6 (91%); elevated cutaneous electrogastrogram frequency (95%); and interstitial cells of Cajal count abnormalities (inner: 97%, outer: 100%). Measures of inflammation correlated with a number of autonomic, enteric anatomy, electrophysiologic and hormonal abnormalities. We conclude that patients with the symptoms of gastroparesis have multiple abnormalities, when studied by traditional, as well as newer, diagnostic assessments. Inflammation appears to be a fundamental abnormality that affects other organ systems in symptomatic patients. Future work on gastroparetic syndromes and their treatment may benefit from a focus on the diffuse nature of their illness, diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, especially the possible causes of underlying inflammation and disordered hormonal status. This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov under study # NCT03178370 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03178370 .
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Microaspiration in Lung Transplant Recipients: The Utility of a Single Esophageal Manometry and pH Probe Monitoring Study

Author: Jesse Roman, Thomas L. Abell, Abigail Stocker, Jordan Burlen, D.R. Nunley, J. Gualdoni, and Jeffrey D. Ritzenthaler
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Manometry, Population, Gastroenterology, Bronchoscopies, Bile Acids and Salts, Ph probe, Internal medicine, Bronchoscopy, medicine, Humans, education, Transplantation, education.field_of_study, Lung, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Respiratory Aspiration, Reflux, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Middle Aged, Transplant Recipients, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Allograft rejection, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Respiratory epithelium, Female, Surgery, business, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Lung Transplantation
Abstract: Background Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in recipients of lung transplant (LTX) is associated with chronic allograft rejection, presumably via microaspiration that damages airway epithelium. Most LTX programs perform a single post-LTX esophageal study to evaluate for GER; the efficacy of this test is unclear. Methods Patients with 1 year of post-LTX follow-up, including routine bronchoscopies with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples as well as high-resolution esophageal manometry and pH probe monitoring (HREMpH), were evaluated. BALF samples were analyzed with competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect bile salts, which are indicative of aspiration. These results were compared to results of HREMpH studies post LTX. Results Ninety BALF samples were analyzed for bile salts and acted as disease positive for this evaluation. Of the 13 HREMpH cases, 8 were positive for GER, but only 3 were positive for bile salts via assay. Of the 5 HREMpH-negative cases, 2 experienced aspiration. A solitary HREMpH study had 60.0% sensitivity and 37.5% specificity with positive and negative likelihood ratios: 0.96 and 1.07, respectively. Conclusion Microaspiration appears to be an intermittent phenomenon, and HREMpH screening poorly correlates with BALF evidence of aspiration; which may not be adequate. As aspiration detection is crucial in this population, further analysis is warranted.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Hispanic Health Paradox at the Border: Substance, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use among Latinx Immigrants Seeking Free or Reduced-Cost Care in Southernmost Texas

Author: Paloma Flores, Nancy Saenz, Jennifer Tabler, Laryssa Mykyta, Rebecca Stocker, Alvaro Marquez, and Alla Chernenko
Subjects: Adult, Male, Tobacco use, Substance-Related Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Emigrants and Immigrants, Logistic regression, 01 natural sciences, Tobacco Use, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, US Citizen, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Tobacco Use Epidemiology, media_common, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, Health Care Costs, Hispanic or Latino, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Texas, Confidence interval, Survey data collection, Female, Substance use, business, Demography
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Although substantial research has explored the Hispanic health paradox (HHP) and suggests that Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to those born in the United States, less research has assessed the role of immigration status. Our aim was to examine this role in Latinx health. METHODS Using survey data collected at two free/reduced-cost clinics in southernmost Texas, we examined differences in the mental and self-rated health, substance, alcohol, and tobacco use of low-income patients by undocumented/documented immigrant and US-born/naturalized citizen status (N = 588). RESULTS Based on ordinary least squares regression results, undocumented Latinx immigrants report lower negative self-rated health (coefficient -0.27, 95% confidence interval -0.50 to -0.01) and lower depressive symptoms (coefficient -0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.67 to -0.02]) compared with their US citizen peers (P < 0.05). Logistic regression results suggest that undocumented and documented Latinx immigrants do not differ in alcohol, tobacco, or substance use relative to their citizen peers. CONCLUSIONS Despite facing potentially adverse social environments, undocumented Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to US-born/naturalized citizen peers.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Hypoxic storage of red blood cells improves metabolism and post‐transfusion recovery

Author: Andrew J. Dunham, Jose A. Cancelas, Angelo DʼAlessandro, Tatsuro Yoshida, Travis Nemkov, Shawnagay Nestheide, Davide Stefanoni, Sarah Stocker, Fatima Mohmoud, and Neeta Rugg
Subjects: Adult, Male, Erythrocytes, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Hemolysis, Transplantation, Autologous, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Blood Transfusion, Glycolysis, Hypoxia, business.industry, Recovery of Function, Hematology, Glutathione, Metabolism, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Healthy Volunteers, Transplantation, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Blood Preservation, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Homeostasis, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Background Blood transfusion is a lifesaving intervention for millions of recipients worldwide every year. Storing blood makes this possible but also promotes a series of alterations to the metabolism of the stored erythrocyte. It is unclear whether the metabolic storage lesion is correlated with clinically relevant outcomes and whether strategies aimed at improving the metabolic quality of stored units, such as hypoxic storage, ultimately improve performance in the transfused recipient. Study design and methods Twelve healthy donor volunteers were recruited in a two-arm cross-sectional study, in which each subject donated 2 units to be stored under standard (normoxic) or hypoxic conditions (Hemanext technology). End-of-storage measurements of hemolysis and autologous posttransfusion recovery (PTR) were correlated to metabolomics measurements at Days 0, 21, and 42. Results Hypoxic red blood cells (RBCs) showed superior PTR and comparable hemolysis to donor-paired standard units. Hypoxic storage improved energy and redox metabolism (glycolysis and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate), improved glutathione and methionine homeostasis, decreased purine oxidation and membrane lipid remodeling (free fatty acid levels, unsaturation and hydroxylation, acyl-carnitines). Intra- and extracellular metabolites in these pathways (including some dietary purines) showed significant correlations with PTR and hemolysis, though the degree of correlation was influenced by sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) levels. Conclusion Hypoxic storage improves energy and redox metabolism of stored RBCs, which results in improved posttransfusion recoveries in healthy autologous recipients-a Food and Drug Administration gold standard of stored blood quality. In addition, we identified candidate metabolic predictors of PTR for RBCs stored under standard and hypoxic conditions.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Does quantitative assessment of arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout improve LI-RADS v2018–based classification of liver lesions?

Author: Stephan Skawran, Borna K. Barth, Caecilia S. Reiner, Daniel Stocker, Anton S. Becker, Michael A. Fischer, Malwina Kaniewska, Olivio F. Donati, University of Zurich, and Reiner, Caecilia S
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Contrast Media, 610 Medicine & health, Sensitivity and Specificity, Liver neoplasm, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, hepatocellular, Magnetic resonance imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Quantitative assessment, Humans, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Neuroradiology, Observer Variation, medicine.diagnostic_test, 10042 Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Ultrasound, Reproducibility of Results, Washout, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Image Enhancement, medicine.disease, Radiology Information Systems, Liver, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Area Under Curve, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Female, Radiology, business, Algorithms, Arterial phase
Abstract: To compare interreader agreement and diagnostic accuracy of LI-RADS v2018 categorization using quantitative versus qualitative MRI assessment of arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and washout (WO) of focal liver lesions. Sixty patients (19 female; mean age, 56 years) at risk for HCC with 71 liver lesions (28 HCCs, 43 benign) who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI were included in this retrospective study. Four blinded radiologists independently assigned a qualitative LI-RADS score per lesion. Two other radiologists placed ROIs within the lesion, adjacent liver parenchyma, and paraspinal musculature on pre- and post-contrast MR images. The percentage of arterial enhancement and the liver-to-lesion contrast ratio were calculated for quantification of APHE and WO. Using these quantitative parameters, a quantitative LI-RADS score was assigned. Interreader agreement and AUCs were calculated. Interreader agreement was similar for qualitative and quantitative LI-RADS (κ = 0.38 vs. 0.40–0.47) with a tendency towards improved agreement for quantitatively assessed APHE (κ = 0.65 vs. 0.81) and WO (κ = 0.53 vs. 0.78). Qualitative LI-RADS showed an AUC of 0.86, 0.94, 0.94, and 0.91 for readers 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The quantitative LI-RADS score where APHE/WO/or both were replaced showed an AUC of 0.89/0.84/0.89, 0.95/0.92/0.92, 0.93/0.91/0.89, and 0.91/0.86/0.88 for readers 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Sensitivity of LR-4/5 slightly increased, while specificity slightly decreased using quantitative APHE. Qualitative and quantitative LI-RADS showed similar performance. Quantitatively assessed APHE showed the potential to increase interreader agreement and sensitivity of HCC diagnosis, whereas quantitatively assessed WO had the opposite effect and needs to be redefined. • Quantitative assessment of arterial phase hyperenhancement shows the potential to increase interreader agreement and sensitivity to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma. • Adding quantitative measurements of major LI-RADS features does not improve accuracy over qualitative assessment alone according to the LI-RADS v2018 algorithm.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Raman-based sorting of microbial cells to link functions to their genes

Author: Roman Stocker, Michael Wagner, and Kang Soo Lee
Subjects: Male, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Microfluidics, Stable-isotope probing, 02 engineering and technology, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Mice, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:QH301-705.5, stable isotope probing, Soil Microbiology, News and Thoughts, Sorting, Genomics, Flow Cytometry, Isotope Labeling, symbols, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, single cell Raman microspectroscopy, Colon, Computational biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Microbiology, Models, Biological, symbols.namesake, Virology, Genetics, Animals, Seawater, microfluidic sorting, Molecular Biology, Gene, metagenomics, Bacteria, optical tweezers, optofluidics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Mucins, Cell Biology, Raman microspectroscopy, Mice, Inbred C57BL, lcsh:Biology (General), Metagenomics, Parasitology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: In our recent work, we developed an optofluidic plat-form that allows a direct link to be made between the phenotypes (functions) and the genotypes (genes) of microbial cells within natural communities. By combin-ing stable isotope probing, optical tweezers, Raman microspectroscopy, and microfluidics, the platform performs automated Raman-based sorting of taxa from within a complex community in terms of their functional properties. In comparison with manual sort-ing approaches, our method provides high throughput (up to 500 cells per hour) and very high sorting accura-cy (98.3 ± 1.7%), and significantly reduces the human labour required. The system provides an efficient manner to untangle the contributions of individual members within environmental and host-associated microbiomes. In this News and Thoughts, we provide an overview of our platform, describe potential appli-cations, suggest ways in which the system could be improved, and discuss future directions in which Ra-man-based analysis of microbial populations might be developed., Microbial Cell, 7 (3), ISSN:2311-2638
Published: 2020

40. Integration of Hypernatremia and Angiotensin II by the Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis Regulates Thirst

Author: Sarah S. Simmonds, William B. Farquhar, Brian J. Kinsman, Sean D. Stocker, Megan M. Wenner, and Kirsteen N. Browning
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Sodium Chloride, Peptide hormone, Optogenetics, Thirst, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Organum Vasculosum, Research Articles, Neurons, Hypernatremia, Lamina terminalis, Chemistry, Angiotensin II, General Neuroscience, Water-Electrolyte Balance, medicine.disease, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypothalamus, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Homeostasis
Abstract: The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) contains NaCl-sensitive neurons to regulate thirst, neuroendocrine function, and autonomic outflow. The OVLT also expresses the angiotensin II (AngII) type1 receptor, and AngII increases Fos expression in OVLT neurons. The present study tested whether individual OVLT neurons sensed both NaCl and AngII to regulate thirst and body fluid homeostasis. A multifaceted approach, includingin vitrowhole-cell patch recordings,in vivosingle-unit recordings, and optogenetic manipulation of OVLT neurons, was used in adult, male Sprague Dawley rats. First, acute intravenous infusion of hypertonic NaCl or AngII produced anatomically distinct patterns of Fos-positive nuclei in the OVLT largely restricted to the dorsal cap versus vascular core, respectively. However,in vitropatch-clamp recordings indicate 66% (23 of 35) of OVLT neurons were excited by bath application of both hypertonic NaCl and AngII. Similarly,in vivosingle-unit recordings revealed that 52% (23 of 44) of OVLT neurons displayed an increased discharge to intracarotid injection of both hypertonic NaCl and AngII. In marked contrast to Fos immunoreactivity, neuroanatomical mapping of Neurobiotin-filled cells from bothin vitroandin vivorecordings revealed that NaCl- and AngII-responsive neurons were distributed throughout the OVLT. Next, optogenetic excitation of OVLT neurons stimulated thirst but not salt appetite. Conversely, optogenetic inhibition of OVLT neurons attenuated thirst stimulated by hypernatremia or elevated AngII but not hypovolemia. Collectively, these findings provide the first identification of individual OVLT neurons that respond to both elevated NaCl and AngII concentrations to regulate thirst and body fluid homeostasis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBody fluid homeostasis requires the integration of neurohumoral signals to coordinate behavior, neuroendocrine function, and autonomic function. Extracellular NaCl concentrations and the peptide hormone angiotensin II (AngII) are two major neurohumoral signals that regulate body fluid homeostasis. Herein, we present the first compelling evidence that individual neurons located in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis detect both NaCl and AngII. Furthermore, optogenetic interrogations demonstrate that these neurons play a pivotal role in the regulation of thirst stimulated by NaCl and AngII. These novel observations lay the foundation for future investigations for how such inputs as well as others converge onto unique organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis neurons to coordinate body fluid homeostasis and contribute to disorders of fluid balance.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Daratumumab prevents programmed death ligand‐1 expression on antigen‐presenting cells in de novo multiple myeloma

Author: Laure Ricard, Frédéric de Vassoigne, Nicolas Stocker, Mohamad Mohty, Béatrice Gaugler, Florent Malard, Zora Marjanovic, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, CD38, B7-H1 Antigen, 0302 clinical medicine, antigen-presenting cells, Lenalidomide, Original Research, Membrane Glycoproteins, Bortezomib, Antibodies, Monoclonal, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, hemic and immune systems, Middle Aged, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, daratumumab, Thalidomide, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, multiple myeloma, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, antigen‐presenting cells, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Programmed cell death, medicine.drug_class, Down-Regulation, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Monoclonal antibody, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Downregulation and upregulation, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Antigen-presenting cell, Aged, business.industry, Clinical Cancer Research, Daratumumab, Dendritic Cells, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1, 030104 developmental biology, Cancer research, business
Abstract: Background Daratumumab (Dara), an anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody, has an immunologic mechanism of action through targeting of CD38 expressing immune cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Furthermore, it was recently shown that CD38 upregulation in tumors, is a major mechanism of acquired resistance to antiprogrammed cell death 1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Therefore, we decided to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of CD38 blockade by Dara on the PD‐L1 expressing immune cells. Methods We analyzed CD38 and PD‐L1 expression on immune cells at different time points in 18 newly diagnosed MM receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone, with or without Dara. Results We first confirmed that CD38 is widely expressed on immune cells, with the strongest expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Furthermore, Dara induces a strong depletion of pDC in addition to the well‐known rapid depletion of natural killer cells. Finally, we found that PD‐L1 expression on antigen‐presenting cells (APC) increases with MM treatment in patients that did not received Dara, while addition of Dara prevents this increase. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest new mechanisms of action of Dara through depletion of pDC and prevention of PD‐L1 upregulation expression on APC. Our finding provides new evidences for development of therapeutic strategies targeting both CD38 and PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathway in patients with MM., Daratumumab have immunomodulatory effects on CD38‐expressing immune cells. Daratumumab prevents PDL1 expression on CD38‐expressing antigen‐presenting cells.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Short-term water deprivation does not increase blood pressure variability or impair neurovascular function in healthy young adults

Author: Joseph C. Watso, Sean D. Stocker, Megan M. Wenner, Matthew C. Babcock, Kamila U. Migdal, Austin T. Robinson, and William B. Farquhar
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, Blood Pressure, Young Adult, Heart Rate, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Cross-Over Studies, Water Deprivation, Increase blood pressure, business.industry, Baroreflex, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Neurovascular bundle, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Female, business, Research Article, Dietary salt
Abstract: High dietary salt increases arterial blood pressure variability (BPV) in salt-resistant, normotensive rodents and is thought to result from elevated plasma [Na+] sensitizing central sympathetic networks. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that water deprivation (WD)-induced elevations in serum [Na+] augment BPV via changes in baroreflex function and sympathetic vascular transduction in humans. In a randomized crossover fashion, 35 adults [17 female/18 male, age: 25 ± 4 yr, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP): 107 ± 11/60 ± 7 mmHg, body mass index: 23 ± 3 kg/m2] completed two hydration protocols: a euhydration control condition (CON) and a stepwise reduction in water intake over 3 days, concluding with 16 h of WD. We assessed blood and urine electrolyte concentrations and osmolality, resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; peroneal microneurography; 18 paired recordings), beat-to-beat BP (photoplethysmography), common femoral artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), and heart rate (single-lead ECG). A subset of participants ( n = 25) underwent ambulatory BP monitoring during day 3 of each protocol. We calculated average real variability as an index of BPV. WD increased serum [Na+] (141.0 ± 2.3 vs. 142.1 ± 1.7 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and plasma osmolality (288 ± 4 vs. 292 ± 5 mosmol/kg H2O, P < 0.01). However, WD did not increase beat-to-beat (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, P = 0.24) or ambulatory daytime (9.6 ± 2.1 vs. 9.4 ± 3.3 mmHg, P = 0.76) systolic BPV. Additionally, sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity ( P = 0.20) and sympathetic vascular transduction were not different after WD ( P = 0.17 for peak Δmean BP following spontaneous MSNA bursts). These findings suggest that, despite modestly increasing serum [Na+], WD does not affect BPV, arterial baroreflex function, or sympathetic vascular transduction in healthy young adults.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Validation of the coping self-efficacy scale: Vietnamese version for adolescents

Author: Thach Tran, Nga La, Huong Nguyen, Ian Shochet, Nga Nguyen, Astrid Wurfl, Jayne Orr, Hau Nguyen, Ruby Stocker, and Jane Fisher
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Asian People, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Female, General Medicine, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Self Efficacy, General Psychology
Abstract: Background This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale-Vietnamese Version (CSES-V) among Vietnamese adolescents. Methods This study selected Grade 10 students from eight schools in Hanoi using a multiple-stage sampling method. Multiple aspects of the construct validity were examined including: factorial structure (evaluated using exploratory factor analysis); internal consistency (tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient); measurement invariance between male and female participants and longitudinal measurement invariance (tested by employing multiple group confirmatory factor analysis) and external aspect (tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficients between CSES-V and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Subscales of Depression (DASS21-D), Anxiety (DASS21-A), and Stress (DASS21-S) and a measure of mental well-being, Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF)). Results A total of 1082 adolescents (aged 14–16 years) was included in this study. Data supported a three-factor structure (comprising 24 items) that explained 97.6% of the total variance of the CSES-V. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of all three factors were acceptable. All levels of measurement invariance between male and female participants and longitudinal measurement invariance were well-supported. The three factors of the CSES-V were positively correlated with MHC-SF and were negatively correlated with the DASS21 subscales at a low or moderate level, supporting the external aspect of the construct validity. Conclusions CSES-V is recommended to assess coping self-efficacy among Vietnamese adolescents who are attending school.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Machine Learning Used to Compare the Diagnostic Accuracy of Risk Factors, Clinical Signs and Biomarkers and to Develop a New Prediction Model for Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis

Author: Martin Stocker, Salhab el Helou, Luregn J Schlapbach, Juliette van Gijsel, Frans B Plötz, Jan Janota, René F Kornelisse, Dirk Lehnick, Niek B. Achten, Rob Moonen, Albertine E Donker, Urs Zimmerman, Wendy van Herk, Imant Daunhawer, Rita K van den Tooren-de Groot, Annemarie M. C. van Rossum, Angelique Hoffmann-Haringsma, Sven Wellmann, Madan Roy, Jantien W Wieringa, Laura H van der Meer-Kappelle, Frank A B A Schuerman, Sourabh Dutta, Maren Tomaske, Julia E. Vogt, Esther de Vries, Sintha D Sie, Amerik C. de Mol, Pediatric surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Pediatrics, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Tranzo, Scientific center for care and wellbeing, Huisarts & Ziekenhuis, and General Paediatrics
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, BIRTH, Population, DURATION, Diagnostic accuracy, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, TERM, THERAPY, Sepsis, Machine Learning, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, Antibiotic therapy, Secondary analysis, INFECTION, antibiotic therapy, Medicine, Humans, Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis, Prospective Studies, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, NEWBORNS, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, early-onset sepsis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Increased risk, C-Reactive Protein, ROC Curve, Background current, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Artificial intelligence, clinical signs, Neonatal Sepsis, business, computer, Biomarkers
Abstract: Background: Current strategies for risk stratification and prediction of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) are inefficient and lack diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to use machine learning to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of risk factors (RFs), clinical signs and biomarkers and to develop a prediction model for culture-proven EOS. We hypothesized that the contribution to diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers is higher than of RFs or clinical signs.Study Design: Secondary analysis of the prospective international multicenter NeoPInS study. Neonates born after completed 34 weeks of gestation with antibiotic therapy due to suspected EOS within the first 72 hours of life participated. Primary outcome was defined as predictive performance for culture-proven EOS with variables known at the start of antibiotic therapy. Machine learning was used in form of a random forest classifier.Results: One thousand six hundred eighty-five neonates treated for suspected infection were analyzed. Biomarkers were superior to clinical signs and RFs for prediction of culture-proven EOS. C-reactive protein and white blood cells were most important for the prediction of the culture result. Our full model achieved an area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve of 83.41% (±8.8%) and an area-under-the-precision-recall-curve of 28.42% (±11.5%). The predictive performance of the model with RFs alone was comparable with random.Conclusions: Biomarkers have to be considered in algorithms for the management of neonates suspected of EOS. A 2-step approach with a screening tool for all neonates in combination with our model in the preselected population with an increased risk for EOS may have the potential to reduce the start of unnecessary antibiotics.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Evaluation of a structured treatment discontinuation in patients with inoperable alveolar echinococcosis on long-term benzimidazole therapy: A retrospective cohort study

Author: Deibel, Ansgar, Stocker, Daniel, Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Cordula, Husmann, Lars, Kronenberg, Philipp Andreas, Grimm, Felix, Deplazes, Peter, Reiner, Cäcilia S, Müllhaupt, Beat, and University of Zurich
Subjects: 10078 Institute of Parasitology, Adult, Male, RC955-962, Antibodies, Helminth, 610 Medicine & health, Cohort Studies, Echinococcosis, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Anthelmintics, 630 Agriculture, 10042 Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, 10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Positron-Emission Tomography, 590 Animals (Zoology), Benzimidazoles, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Objectives Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an orphan zoonosis of increasing concern in endemic areas, including Europe. It frequently presents in an advanced, inoperable stage, that requires life-long parasitostatic benzimidazole therapy. In some patients, long-term therapy leads to negative anti-Em18 antibody ELISA and PET. It is disputed, whether these patients are truly cured and treatment can be safely discontinued. Our aim was to retrospectively assess long-term outcome of 34 patients with inoperable AE who participated in a previous study to determine feasibility of benzimidazole treatment cessation. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical charts was undertaken in all 34 AE patients who participated in our previous study. Of particular interest were AE recurrence or other reasons for re-treatment in patients who stopped benzimidazole therapy and whether baseline clinical and laboratory parameters help identify of patients that might qualifiy for treatment cessation. Additionally, volumetric measurement of AE lesions on contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging was performed at baseline and last follow-up in order to quantify treatment response. Results 12 of 34 patients stopped benzimidazole therapy for a median of 131 months. 11 of these patients showed stable or regressive AE lesions as determined by volumetric measurement. One patient developed progressive lesions with persistently negative anti-Em18 antibody ELISA but slight FDG-uptake in repeated PET imaging. At baseline, patients who met criteria for treatment cessation demonstrated higher lymphocyte count and lower total IgE. Conclusion Treatment cessation is feasible in inoperable AE patients, who demonstrate negative anti-Em18 antibody ELISA and PET on follow-up. Close monitoring including sectional imaging is strongly advised.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Symptoms Compatible With Long Coronavirus Disease (COVID) in Healthcare Workers With and Without Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection-Results of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort

Author: Carol Strahm, Marco Seneghini, Sabine Güsewell, Thomas Egger, Onicio Leal-Neto, Angela Brucher, Eva Lemmenmeier, Dorette Meier Kleeb, J Carsten Möller, Philip Rieder, Markus Ruetti, Remus Rutz, Hans Ruedi Schmid, Reto Stocker, Danielle Vuichard-Gysin, Benedikt Wiggli, Ulrike Besold, Stefan P Kuster, Allison McGeer, Lorenz Risch, Andrée Friedl, Matthias Schlegel, Dagmar Schmid, Pietro Vernazza, Christian R Kahlert, and Philipp Kohler
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, education, COVID-19, 610 Medicine & health, Olfaction Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Asymptomatic Infections, Fatigue
Abstract: Background The burden of long-term symptoms (ie, long COVID) in patients after mild COVID-19 is debated. Within a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs), frequency and risk factors for symptoms compatible with long COVID are assessed. Methods Participants answered baseline (August/September 2020) and weekly questionnaires on SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) results and acute disease symptoms. In January 2021, SARS-CoV-2 serology was performed; in March, symptoms compatible with long COVID (including psychometric scores) were asked and compared between HCWs with positive NPS, seropositive HCWs without positive NPS (presumable asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic infections), and negative controls. The effect of time since diagnosis and quantitative anti-spike protein antibodies (anti-S) was evaluated. Poisson regression was used to identify risk factors for symptom occurrence. Results Of 3334 HCWs (median, 41 years; 80% female), 556 (17%) had a positive NPS and 228 (7%) were only seropositive. HCWs with positive NPS more frequently reported ≥1 symptom compared with controls (73% vs 52%, P 6 months ago; anti-S titers correlated with high symptom scores. Acute viral symptoms in weekly questionnaires best predicted long-COVID symptoms. Physical activity at baseline was negatively associated with neurocognitive impairment and fatigue scores. Conclusions Seropositive HCWs without positive NPS are only mildly affected by long COVID. Exhaustion/burnout is common, even in noninfected HCWs. Physical activity might be protective against neurocognitive impairment/fatigue symptoms after COVID-19.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Association of Kidney Function With Development of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias and Dementia-Related Blood Biomarkers

Author: Stocker, Hannah, Beyer, Léon, Trares, Kira, Perna, Laura, Rujescu, Dan, Holleczek, Bernd, Beyreuther, Konrad, Gerwert, Klaus, Schöttker, Ben, and Brenner, Hermann
Subjects: Male, Adult, epidemiology [Alzheimer Disease], Dementia, Vascular, diagnosis [Alzheimer Disease], tau Proteins, General Medicine, Kidney, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Case-Control Studies, Creatinine, Humans, Female, ddc:610, Prospective Studies, Cystatin C, Child, Biomarkers
Abstract: ImportancePrevious research has suggested an association of kidney function with risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) or other dementias and dementia-related blood biomarkers, but a distinct association remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of kidney function with risk of diagnosis of incident AD or dementia within 17 years and with the blood biomarkers neurofilament light (NfL), phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prospective, population-based cohort study and nested case-control study, 9940 participants in Germany were enrolled between 2000 and 2002 by their general practitioners and followed up for up to 17 years. Participants were included if information on dementia status and creatinine/cystatin C measurements were available. A subsample of participants additionally had measurements of NfL, p-tau181, and GFAP obtained from blood samples. Statistical analysis was performed from January 3 to November 25, 2022.ExposuresImpaired kidney function, based on estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 according to the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine–cystatin C equation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia diagnosis, as well as log-transformed levels of NfL, p-tau181, and GFAP in blood.ResultsOf 6256 participants (3402 women [54.4%]; mean [SD] age at baseline, 61.7 [6.6] years), 510 received an all-cause dementia diagnosis within 17 years of baseline. The dementia-related blood biomarker nested case-control sample included 766 participants. After adjusting for age and sex, impaired kidney function at baseline was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.69-1.29), AD (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.55-1.63), or vascular dementia diagnosis (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.65-1.70) within 17 years. In the cross-sectional analysis, after adjusting for age and sex, impaired kidney function was significantly associated with NfL and p-tau181 levels in blood (NfL: β = 0.47 and P P = .003). After adjusting for age and sex, significant associations with GFAP levels were evident only among men (men: β = 0.31 and P = .006; women: β = −0.12 and P = .11).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based study of community-dwelling adults, reduced kidney function was associated with increased levels of dementia-related blood biomarkers but not increased dementia risk. Kidney function might influence the accuracy of dementia-related blood biomarkers and should be considered in clinical translation.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Impact of Dose Reduction Strategies on Image Quality of Coronary CTA in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Subanalysis of PROTECTION VI Registry Data

Author: Axel Schmermund, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Steffen Massberg, James Otton, Ronen Rubinshtein, Jörg Hausleiter, Marcus Y. Chen, Jonathon Leipsic, Christopher Naoum, Erik Lerkevang Grove, Thomas J. Stocker, Nils Nühlen, Martin Hadamitzky, Jeroen J. Bax, Daniele Andreini, and Simon Deseive
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Image quality, Computed Tomography Angiography, MEDLINE, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography, Radiation Dosage, cardiac imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, image quality, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Prospective Studies, Registries, Cardiac imaging, Aged, business.industry, Radiation dose, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Clinical Practice, coronary CTA, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Dose reduction, Registry data, Female, dose-reduction strategies, business, radiation dose
Abstract: BACKGROUND. Dose reduction strategies for coronary CTA (CCTA) have been underused in clinical practice given concern that the strategies may lower image quality. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between dose reduction strategies and CCTA image quality in real-world clinical practice. METHODS. This subanalysis of the international Prospective Multicenter Registry on Radiation Dose Estimates of Cardiac CT Angiography in Daily Practice in 2017 (PROTECTION VI) study included 3725 patients (2109 men, 1616 women; median age, 59 years) who underwent CCTA for coronary artery evaluation performed at 55 sites in 32 countries. CCTA image sets were reviewed at a core laboratory. A range of patient and scan characteristics, including use of three dose reduction strategies (prospective ECG triggering, low tube potential, and iterative image reconstruction) and image dose, were recorded. A single core laboratory member reviewed all examinations for quantitative image quality measures, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and reviewed 50% of examinations to assign a qualitative CCTA image quality score and a semiquantitative coronary calcification measure. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of image quality. A second core laboratory member repeated quantitative measures for 100 examinations and the qualitative measure for 383 (approximately 20%) examinations to assess interreader agreement. RESULTS. Independent predictors ( p < .05) of SNR were female sex (effect size, 2.70), lower body mass index (0.38 per 1-unit decrease), stable sinus rhythm (1.71), and scanner manufacturer (variable effect across manufacturers). These factors were also the only independent predictors of CNR. Independent predictors ( p < .05) of CCTA image quality were heart rate (0.17 per 10 beats/min reduction) and coronary calcification (0.15 per coronary calcification grade). None of the three dose-saving strategies or dose-length product was an independent predictor of any image quality measure. Interreader agreement analysis showed intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.874 for SNR and 0.891 for CNR and a kappa value of 0.812 for the qualitative score. CONCLUSION. This large international multicenter study shows that three dose reduction strategies were not associated with decreased CCTA image quality. CLINICAL IMPACT. The dose reduction strategies should be routinely implemented in clinical CCTA.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Meta-analyses identify DNA methylation associated with kidney function and damage

Author: Schlosser, Pascal, Tin, Adrienne, Matias-Garcia, Pamela R., Thio, Chris H. L., Joehanes, Roby, Liu, Hongbo, Weihs, Antoine, Yu, Zhi, Hoppmann, Anselm, Grundner-Culemann, Franziska, Min, Josine L., Adeyemo, Adebowale A., Agyemang, Charles, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aziz, Nasir A., Baccarelli, Andrea, Bochud, Murielle, Brenner, Hermann, Breteler, Monique M. B., Carmeli, Cristian, Chaker, Layal, Chambers, John C., Cole, Shelley A., Coresh, Josef, Corre, Tanguy, Correa, Adolfo, Cox, Simon R., de Klein, Niek, Delgado, Graciela E., Domingo-Relloso, Arce, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Ekici, Arif B., Endlich, Karlhans, Evans, Kathryn L., Floyd, James S., Fornage, Myriam, Franke, Lude, Fraszczyk, Eliza, Gao, Xu, Gào, Xīn, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Ghasemi, Sahar, Gieger, Christian, Greenland, Philip, Grove, Megan L., Harris, Sarah E., Hemani, Gibran, Henneman, Peter, Herder, Christian, Horvath, Steve, Hou, Lifang, Hurme, Mikko A., Hwang, Shih-Jen, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kasela, Silva, Kleber, Marcus E., Koenig, Wolfgang, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kramer, Holly, Kronenberg, Florian, Kühnel, Brigitte, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lind, Lars, Liu, Dan, Liu, Yongmei, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Lohman, Kurt, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lu, Ake T., Marioni, Riccardo E., März, Winfried, McCartney, Daniel L., Meeks, Karlijn A. C., Milani, Lili, Mishra, Pashupati P., Nauck, Matthias, Navas-Acien, Ana, Nowak, Christoph, Peters, Annette, Prokisch, Holger, Psaty, Bruce M., Raitakari, Olli T., Ratliff, Scott M., Reiner, Alex P., Rosas, Sylvia E., Schöttker, Ben, Schwartz, Joel, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Smith, Jennifer A., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Stocker, Hannah R., Stringhini, Silvia, Sundström, Johan, Swenson, Brenton R., Tellez-Plaza, Maria, van Meurs, Joyce B. J., van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Venema, Andrea, Verweij, Niek, Walker, Rosie M., Wielscher, Matthias, Winkelmann, Juliane, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Zhao, Wei, Zheng, Yinan, Esko, Tõnu, Metspalu, Andres, Mägi, Reedik, Nelis, Mari, Loh, Marie, Snieder, Harold, Levy, Daniel, Waldenberger, Melanie, Susztak, Katalin, Köttgen, Anna, Teumer, Alexander, Public and occupational health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, Human Genetics, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Tampere University, BioMediTech, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium, Milani, L., Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, physiopathology [Renal Insufficiency, Chronic], General Physics and Astronomy, genetics [Renal Insufficiency, Chronic], Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, genetics [Interferon Regulatory Factors], Chronic kidney disease, Urologi och njurmedicin, metabolism [Transcription Factors], Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Membrane Protein, DNA methylation, Kardiologi, Multidisciplinary, metabolism [LIM Domain Proteins], genetics [Transcription Factors], LIM Domain Proteins, Middle Aged, ddc, genetics [Membrane Proteins], Interferon Regulatory Factors, Female, ddc:500, Medical Genetics, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, Science, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, metabolism [Renal Insufficiency, Chronic], Humans, Urology and Nephrology, physiopathology [Kidney], Medicine [Science], Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Interferon Regulatory Factor, Medicinsk genetik, Aged, metabolism [Interferon Regulatory Factors], urogenital system, metabolism [Kidney], Membrane Proteins, General Chemistry, Translational research, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, CpG Islands, 3111 Biomedicine, genetics [LIM Domain Proteins], metabolism [Membrane Proteins], Transcription Factors
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health burden. Elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio is a measure of kidney damage, and used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease. To extend the knowledge on regulatory mechanisms related to kidney function and disease, we conducted a blood-based epigenome-wide association study for estimated glomerular filtration rate (n = 33,605) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (n = 15,068) and detected 69 and seven CpG sites where DNA methylation was associated with the respective trait. The majority of these findings showed directionally consistent associations with the respective clinical outcomes chronic kidney disease and moderately increased albuminuria. Associations of DNA methylation with kidney function, such as CpGs at JAZF1, PELI1 and CHD2 were validated in kidney tissue. Methylation at PHRF1, LDB2, CSRNP1 and IRF5 indicated causal effects on kidney function. Enrichment analyses revealed pathways related to hemostasis and blood cell migration for estimated glomerular filtration rate, and immune cell activation and response for urinary albumin-to-creatinineratio-associated CpGs., Many genetic loci have been identified to be associated with kidney disease, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, the authors perform epigenome-wide association studies on kidney function measures to identify epigenetic marks and pathways involved in kidney function.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Epigenome-wide association study of serum urate reveals insights into urate co-regulation and the SLC2A9 locus

Author: Tin, Adrienne, Schlosser, Pascal, Matias-Garcia, Pamela R., Thio, Chris H. L., Joehanes, Roby, Liu, Hongbo, Yu, Zhi, Weihs, Antoine, Hoppmann, Anselm, Grundner-Culemann, Franziska, Min, Josine L., Kuhns, Victoria L. Halperin, Adeyemo, Adebowale A., Agyemang, Charles, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aziz, Nasir A., Baccarelli, Andrea, Bochud, Murielle, Brenner, Hermann, Bressler, Jan, Breteler, Monique M. B., Carmeli, Cristian, Chaker, Layal, Coresh, Josef, Corre, Tanguy, Correa, Adolfo, Cox, Simon R., Delgado, Graciela E., Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Ekici, Arif B., Endlich, Karlhans, Floyd, James S., Fraszczyk, Eliza, Gao, Xu, Gào, Xīn, Gelber, Allan C., Ghanbari, Mohsen, Ghasemi, Sahar, Gieger, Christian, Greenland, Philip, Grove, Megan L., Harris, Sarah E., Hemani, Gibran, Henneman, Peter, Herder, Christian, Horvath, Steve, Hou, Lifang, Hurme, Mikko A., Hwang, Shih-Jen, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kasela, Silva, Kleber, Marcus E., Koenig, Wolfgang, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kronenberg, Florian, Kühnel, Brigitte, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lind, Lars, Liu, Dan, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lu, Ake T., Marioni, Riccardo E., März, Winfried, McCartney, Daniel L., Meeks, Karlijn A. C., Milani, Lili, Mishra, Pashupati P., Nauck, Matthias, Nowak, Christoph, Peters, Annette, Prokisch, Holger, Psaty, Bruce M., Raitakari, Olli T., Ratliff, Scott M., Reiner, Alex P., Schöttker, Ben, Schwartz, Joel, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Smith, Jennifer A., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Stocker, Hannah R., Stringhini, Silvia, Sundström, Johan, Swenson, Brenton R., van Meurs, Joyce B. J., van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Venema, Andrea, Völker, Uwe, Winkelmann, Juliane, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Zhao, Wei, Zheng, Yinan, Esko, Tõnu, Metspalu, Andres, Mägi, Reedik, Nelis, Mari, Loh, Marie, Snieder, Harold, Waldenberger, Melanie, Levy, Daniel, Akilesh, Shreeram, Woodward, Owen M., Susztak, Katalin, Teumer, Alexander, Köttgen, Anna, Public and occupational health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Human Genetics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Tampere University, BioMediTech, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium, Clinical Genetics, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development
Subjects: Epigenomics, Male, animal structures, Amino Acid Transport System y+, Gout, Epidemiology, Science, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, General Physics and Astronomy, genetics [Amino Acid Transport System y+], Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cohort Studies, Epigenome, Urologi och njurmedicin, Cardiometabolic Risk Factor, Urology and Nephrology, Humans, Medicine [Science], Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase, genetics [Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative], Medicinsk genetik, Multidisciplinary, Endocrine system and metabolic diseases, endocrine system and metabolic diseases, General Chemistry, metabolism [Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative], Translational research, DNA Methylation, Uric Acid, ddc, translational research, epigenomics, embryonic structures, epidemiology, CpG Islands, Female, blood [Uric Acid], 3111 Biomedicine, ddc:500, blood [Gout], human activities, Medical Genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, genetics [Gout]
Abstract: Elevated serum urate levels, a complex trait and major risk factor for incident gout, are correlated with cardiometabolic traits via incompletely understood mechanisms. DNA methylation in whole blood captures genetic and environmental influences and is assessed in transethnic meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of serum urate (discovery, n = 12,474, replication, n = 5522). The 100 replicated, epigenome-wide significant (p, Serum urate concentration can be studied in large datasets to find genetic and epigenetic loci that may be related to cardiometabolic traits. Here the authors identify and replicate 100 urate-associated CpGs, which provide insights into urate GWAS loci and shared CpGs of urate and cardiometabolic traits.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

800 results on '"A. Stocker"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources