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Nedsia h:umphreysi n.sp. Figs 9, 10 Etymology. Named for W.F. Humphreys, biologist, instrumental in the collection of Western Australian cave specimens. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum sampling site BES71O. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 3-96) male 2 mm. Diagnosis. Dorsal spines absent from pleonites 4-6. Head: lateral cephalic lobes slightly projecting. Upper lip: symmetrical, slightly excavate below. Mandibular palp: 2-articulate, 2E-setae only; lacking interraker plumose setae Maxillae: without pubescence, sparse to moderately setose medially. First maxilla: palps asymmetric with thin apical plumose or serrate spines. Second maxilla: medial margins sparsely setulate, without pubescence. Maxilliped: apex of third article of palp slightly produced, dactyls with moderate nail and accessory spine of almost equal length. Gnathopods: (diverse, gnathopod 2 dominant); gnathopod 1 palmar spines bifid, spines at corner of palm submarginal = 2 lateral, 3 medial; palmar margin serrate, with submarginal row of fine setae. Pereopods: pereopods 3-4 lacking posterior spine sets on article-6. Coxal gills: gills 5- 6 smaller but not substantially reduced. Sternal gills absent. Epimera: epimera 1-2 with 1, epimeron 3 with 2, posterior spines at the corner, ventrofacial spines absent. Pleopods: peduncles without setae, retinaculae = 2-3-2, accessory retinaculae absent. Uropods: apicolateral corner of peduncles on uropods 1-2 without spines, dorsal margins spineless, medial margins of both with 1 apical spine; rami of uropods 1-2 without spine rows except for inner ramus of uropod 1. Telson: cleft 100%; lobes with a small mid-lateral concavity. Description of holotype, (male). Body (Fig. 9) 2 mm. Head: rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 9): length 0.6x body, 2x antenna-2, flagellum 1.6x peduncle, peduncular article-l longest without mediodistal spines or setae, article-3 shortest, setae sparse, flagellum of 9 articles, sparsely setulate, no aesthetascs or ca1ceoli; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, article-2 tiny, total length 0.6x article-l of the primary flagellum; length of articles of primary flagellum variable, article-7 longest. Second antenna (Fig. 9): length 0.3x body, peduncle longer than (3x) flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, articles 3-4-5 with sparse ventral setation, article-3 with apicodorsal setae, no dorsomedial spines. Flagellum 4- articulate, no ca1ceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 9): apical margin rounded, symmetrical. Mandibles (Fig. 9): left mandibular palp (2-articulate), article-1 very reduced, bud like, naked; incisor 5 toothed; lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth and 6 setose accessory blades; molar triturative with a short distal plumose seta, lacking other setae or pubescence; right mandible palp 2-articulate, article-1 naked, short, bud-like, article-2 reduced, tapered, 2Esetae only; incisor with 5 teeth; laciniq mobilis with 7 denticles their size increasing distally; accessory blades of 3 plumose spines; a line of setae extending onto the base of the molar. Maxillae (Fig. 9): first maxilla, left palp 2nd article with 5 serrate apical spines, terminally rounded with 3 small to moderate apicomedial setae; right palp article-2 with 4 plumose apical spines, terminally subquadrate, 4 apicomedial setae; outer plate of both sides with 7 terminal spines, some of the left without denticles; left inner plate with 4 apicomedial and apical plumose setae, moderately setose basally; right inner plate with 4 apicomedial and apical plumose setae, moderately setose medially. Second maxilla, inner and outer plates devoid of pubescence. Maxilliped (Fig. 9): palp article-3 with apical pair of slender setae, 1 marginal, 1 submarginal; medial face with 5 slender setae, the basal pair denticulate. Inner plate without ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 10): coxal plate with 1 short seta apically, without posteroventral spines; article-4 posteriorly bulbous, carpus not lobate, propodus trapezoidal, expanding apically, longer than wide, posterior edge almost naked, corner of palm almost square, with 2 lateral and 3 medial spines and several lateral and medial setae set back from the corner; palm convex and serrate; dactylus reaching slightly beyond the corner of the palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 10): coxal plate equal to coxa 1, with a single ventral spine. Pereopods (Fig. 10): coxa 3 with 1 anterior and 1 posterior ventral setae only; coxa 4 similar; pereopods 3-4-5 longer than gnathopod 1; pereopods consecutively elongate from pereopods 3-7; ratio of lengths = 137:­:140:155:185:220:270; all pereopods sparsely setose, posterior armaments of article-6 of pereopods 3-4 = 1- 0, thus only pereopod 3 with 1 locking spine; pereopods 5-7 significantly longer than pereopods 3-4 with locking spines; 1,2,2; single anterior spines on article 6 of pereopods 6-7, one posterior spine on pereopod 7 only; no keel like expansion of article 6 of pereopod 7; coxae 5 and 7 bearing 1 anterior and 1 posteroventral seta and coxa 6 one anterior seta only; article-2 of pereopods 5-7 weakly expanded posteriorly, each with only 2 setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple, naked except for outer basal penicillate setule evident on pereopods 4-7 only. Gills: of coxae 2-6 flask shaped, of coxae 5-6, smaller, but not reduced. Pleopods (Fig. 10): retinaculae present on each pair, arranged 2-3-2, accessory retinaculae absent; peduncles without setae; rami extending equally, outer rami of 4-4-3 articles, inner 4-3-5. No setae bifid. Epimera (Fig. 10): each posteroventrally rounded, posterior margins slightly convex, smooth, without setae except for a single seta marking the posterior corner of epimera 1-2 and two on epimeron 3; ventrofacial spines absent; lacking oblique lateral ridge. Pieon (Fig. 10): pleonites with few posterior dorsal or lateral setae; pleonite 1 with 1 dorsal, 2 lateral; pleonite 2 with 1 submarginal and 1 marginal dorsal; pleonite 3 with 2 lateral; pleonites 4 and 5 with 1 lateral; pleonite 6 with 1 mid-lateral and 1 distoventral seta. Uropods (Fig. 10): uropod 1 peduncle length lAx outer ramus, 1.2x inner ramus, apicodistal spines absent, bearing a single medial subapical spine, and basofacial spine at MO.3; inner ramus only with a mid-medial spine; both rami with 4 terminal spines; uropod 2 peduncle subequal to length of inner ramus, 1 apicodorsal spine slightly subdistal; other spines and setae absent; outer ramus shorter than inner (0.8x), both rami without spines, except 3-4 terminal spines. Telson (Fig. 10): longer than broad (1.8x), as long as urosomite 3; cleft 100%; apices pointed, not notched, each with 2 long plumose subapical setae, 2 apical setae, and a single lateral penicillate setule at MO.6. Relationship. Nedsia humphreysi differs from N. douglasi in the reduced number of articles of variable lengths of the first antenna and relatively longer second antenna, a symmetrical and non-excavate upper lip, greater number of mandibular setose accessory blades and presence of a p1umose mo1aria1 seta and basal mo1arial setae, palps of first maxilla asymmetrical, the inner plate with an extra seta, the second maxilla devoid of pubescence, the inner plate of the maxilliped without a ventrofacial spine, palmar corner of the first gnathopod with fewer armaments, the palm serrate and the dactyl reaching beyond the corner. The coxal plate of the second gnathopod is narrower, posteroventral margins of epimera rounded, epimera lacking ventrofacia1 spines, first uropod lacking apicodista1 spines, second uropod peduncle les spinous, relatively shorter with only a single apicodorsal spine, the telson more slender, the apices pointed, not notched. Nedsia humphreysi is similar to N. straskraba and N. fragilis, but distinct from N. hurlberti, N. urifimbriata, N. macrosculptilis and N. sculptilis, in that marginal pubescence is not present on both plates of the second maxilla. Nedsia humphreysi differs from N. straskraba in that the pleonites bear dorsal spines, and from N. fragilis in that the first epimeron lacks distolateral spines, the peduncle of the first uropod is without a row of facial spines, the palmar corner of the first gnathopod is subquadrate rather than rounded, and the outer plate of the maxilliped is not tapering and is armed with distinct medial cusps. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Nedsia fragilisn.sp. Figs 14, 15 Etymology. Named for the fragile nature of the appendages. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Western Australian Museum sampling site BES738. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 5-96), male 2.4 mm. Diagnosis. First antenna (broken in type specimen): ratio of peduncular articles = 82:23:-. Upper lip: symmetrical, not excavate below. Right mandible: bearing inter-raker plumose setae, left mandible without; palp 2-articulate, article-l reduced, subtruncate; article-2 Iinear, subtruncate, setae = 2E. Maxillae: inner plate of both maxillae without pubescence of medial or lateral margins; outer plate of first maxilla bearing 5 denticulate and 2 naked terminal spines. Coxae: coxa 1 longer than broad, slightly expanded below, coxa 2 lacking posterior marginal spines, coxae 3-4 with posterior spines. Maxilliped: inner plate with distal row of 4 plumose setae, lacking medial plumose setae; outer plate medial margin barely sinuous, paired submarginal setae curved and blunt, reduced in number; apex of palp article-3 not produced, setae not organised into combs; dactyl bearing a row of comb setae, single dorsal spine seta, moderate nail and equally long accessory spine. First gnathopod: palmar spines curved, not bifid except at palmar corner where spines = 3 lateral, 2 medial. Second gnathopod: defining corner of palm bearing I long lateral seta and 1 slender medial trigger spine. Epimera: posteroventral tooth present on epimera 2-3, epimeron 3 with small ventromarginal spine at MO.6. Pleopods: peduncles without setae, basomedial setae of inner rami not bifid, 2 retinaculae on each peduncle, without accessory retinaculum. Uropods: dorsal margins of peduncles of uropod 2 not spinous, spine rows of rami reduced to o or 1 spine each. Telson: cleft 100%; single distolateral spine at MO.8; single lateral penicillate setule at MO.7 on either lobe. Description of holotype (male). Body 2.4 mm. Urosome: poorly armed dorsally. Head (Fig. 14): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 14): ratio of peduncle articles = 82:23:-. Setae of peduncular article-l limited to single dorsal and ventral sub marginal setae, one submarginal ventral and one long mediodistal setae; article two naked. Second antenna (Fig. 14): length 0.3x body, peduncle longer than flagellum, article-4 longer than article-5 (63:52), articles 3-4-5 with weak ventral setation, article-3 with 1 dorsomedial spine, flagellum of 4 articles, without ca1ceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 14): apical margin rounded, not excavate, connection to epistome symmetrical. Mandibles (Fig. 14): left mandibular palp of 2 articles (broken), incisor 5 toothed, lacinia mobilis 5 toothed, 6 barely setose accessory blades, no inter-raker plumose setae; molar triturative, lacking distal plumose seta, slight pubescence around base of accessory blades; right mandible incisor 5 toothed, lacinia mobilis denticulate, accessory blades of 6 plumose spines; molar triturative, with distal plumose seta; palp 2-articulate, reduced, ratio of articles 2:16, articles truncate, naked, terminal article with 2 Esetae only. Maxillae (Fig. 14): first maxilla palp article- 2 bearing (5 spines), outer plate with 7 spines; 2 naked, 5 denticulate, inner plate (bearing fine medial setae); second maxilla outer plate, outer apical margin lacking pubescence with few fine setae; inner plate lacking pubescence; terminal spines of both plates half rastellate, half finely setulate. Maxilliped (Fig. 14): palp article- 3 with a pair of long subterminal setae medially, diagonal distal row of 3 facial setae, apex with subterminal transverse row of unorganised comb setae; nail of moderate length with an accessory spinule of equal length; palp article-2 bearing mid-medial serrations; inner plate with a pair of plumose facial spines and two distal submarginal medial spines, one small and sharp the other moderate, stout and blunt. First gnathopod (Fig. 15): coxal plate with 1 moderate apical seta, several (3) anterior and posterior (2) facial setae, without a posteroventral spine; article-4 posteriorly bulbous and pubescent; carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, slightly expanded apically, longer than wide; posterior edge naked except for an apical pair of long setae basal to the dactyl; palmar corner rounded, marked by 3 naked lateral spines and 2 stout bifid medial spines; palm convex, finely serrated, dactylus reaching the end of the palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 15): palm with 4 setae; 2 lateral, 2 medial, the fourth marking the corner medially, along with a strong elongate lateral spine; palm finely serrate along most of its length; dactyl bearing a single dorsal spinule at MO.3, and small bent spinule laterofacial at MO.6; coxal plate 2 broader than coxa 1, poorly setose with 1 posteroventral marginal spine and a ventrofacial spine both at MO.6, as well as a single anteroventral spine at MO.l. Pereopods (Fig. 15): coxa 3 with 1 anteroventral spine, 1 posteroventral submarginal seta-spine; coxa 4 similar; pereopods (3)- 4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod (3) equal to pereopod 4; pereopod 4 articles 4-5 sparsely setose posteriorly, (pereopods 5-7 similar, consecutively elongate, with 2 locking spines, pereopod 7 article-6 anterior spines displaced by an anterior keel); coxae 5-7 bearing no setae on ventral margins of the posterior lobes, article-2 weakly expanded, (not lobate but extended posteriorly, with thin, short posterior setae); coxae 3- 7 dactyls simple, with no accessory spinules. Gills: coxal gills of limbs 2-6 flask shaped, simple, gill 6 not reduced, gill coxa 2 largest, gill coxae 5-6 smallest but not significantly reduced. Pleopods (Fig. 15): two retinaculae per pleopod, with no accessory retinaculae; peduncle 2 only with apicolateral seta; rami extend subequally, outer rami with 5 articles each, the inner with 5-4-4; setae of the basal articles = 1-1-1-1-, none are bifid. Epimera (Fig. 15): each posteroventrally quadrate, though epimeron 2 barely so; posterior margins scarcely convex, smooth, and barely setulose; epimeron 3 with 1 ventrofacial spine, lacking lateral oblique ridge. Pleon (Fig. 15): pleonite 2 only without dorsal or dorsolateral posterior setae; pleonite 6, no dorsolateral or distoventral spines. Uropods (Fig. 15): lengths relative to uropod l-uropod 2 = 0.5, uropod 3 absent; uropod 1 peduncle length 1.3x medial ramus, outer margin with a row of 5 small submarginal spines and 1 moderate laterofacial spine at MO.6, single apicomedial and apicolateral trigger spines, basofacial spine weak, the medial ramus longer than the lateral; both rami with sparse setation, terminating in 4 spines; peduncle of second uropod 0.6x length of inner ramus, single apicomedial and apicolateral spines; medial margin of both rami pubescent; outer ramus shorter than inner (62:81), both bearing few marginal spines and 4 terminal spines; uropod 3 absent. Telson (Fig. 15): length 1.6x width, as long as urosomite 3, cleft 100%; apices notched, subapices with 2 long plumose setae; 1 marginal seta at MO.8, each lobe bearing a single penicillate setule marginal at MO.7. Relationship. Nedsia fragilis varies from N. douglasi in the relative length of the second antenna, the greater length of the second peduncular article, the presence on the third article of a dorsomedial spine, a round and symmetrical upper lip, mandible bearing additional accessory blades, the molar bearing a distal plumose seta, palp of right mandible with elongate first article, second maxilla lacking pubescence, terminal spines of both plates either rastellate or terminally setulate, first gnathopod palmar corner rounded not square, with fewer medial spines, palm of second gnathopod with fewer spines, retinaculae of pleopods not associated with an accessory, rami of pleopods with fewer articles, epimera 2-3 without ventrofacial spines, pleonite 6 without dorsolateral or distoventral spinules or spines, basofacial spine weak, peduncle of the second uropod short and less spinous, rami marginally pubescent with fewer terminal spines, telson more slender. Nedsia fragilis differs from others of the genus in lacking marginal pubescence on both plates of the second maxilla, except for N. straskraba, from which it differs in possessing dorsal pleonal spines, and from N. humphreysi in lacking distolateral spines on the first epimeron, possessing a row of facial spines on the peduncle of the first uropod, the outer plate of the maxilliped tapers apically and is weakly cuspidate, and the palmar corner of the first gnathopod is rounded. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia.

Family Bogidiellidae A species of this family is recorded from a single Barrow Island site described as cave WL8. This record of a bogidiellid from Western Australia is unique. While Stock (1984) recorded Bogidiella (Xystriogidiella) capricornea from Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, the nearest record is of Bogidiella (Medigidiella) sarawacensis Stock, 1983 from Sarawak. All Bogidiellids are hypogean or interstitial stygobionts of marine and fresh waters. Holsinger (1993) records 86 subterranean species of 16 genera. The species recorded here possesses Bogidiellid characteristics of vermiform body, absence of sternal gills, restriction of coxal gills to coxae 4-5-6 without reduction of the sixth gill, free urosomites, gnathopods not mittenform and the first gnathopod dominant, palmar spines simple, rami of uropod three equal and extended beyond the first and second in the entire animal and without article-2 of the outer ramus, the telson uncleft and scarcely emarginate, pleopods uniramous, the lower lip broadly spread by forward extension of the inner lobes, setae of the terminal article of the mandible reduced, the maxillae reduced and without medial setae, and the maxilliped reduced (Barnard & Barnard, 1983)., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847, {"references":["Stock, J. H., 1984. First record of Bogidiellidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific: Bogidiella (Xystriogidiella n. subgen.) capricornea new species from the Great Barrier Reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 34 (3): 380 - 385.","Stock, J. H., 1983. Discovery of a Bogidiellid Amphipod Crustacean in inland waters of the East Indian Archipelago: Bogidiella (Medigidiella) sarawacensis n. sp. Crustaceana 44 (2): 198 - 204.","Holsinger, J. R., 1993. Biodiversity of subterranean amphipod crustaceans: global patterns and zoogeographic implications. Journal of Natural History 27: 821 - 835.","Barnard, J. L. & C. M. Barnard, 1983. Freshwater amphipods of the world. 2 vols., 830 pp. Hayfield Associates, Mount Vernon, Virginia."]}

Nedsia hurlberti n.sp. Figs 6-8 Etymology. Named for S.H. Hurlbert, noted biostatistician and salt lake limnologist. Type locality. Western Australia, Barrow Island, Western Australian Museum, Western Australian Museum sample site BES545. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 2-96) female 4.5 mm, unique specimen. Diagnosis. Pleonite 6: small dorsal spines, displaced laterally. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles 45:40:15. Second antenna: very short. Upper lip: symmetrical, not excavate. Mandible: palp 2-articulate, article-l not setose, article-2 linear, setae = 2E; plumose interraker setae present between each main raker; no additional serrations beyond rakers. Maxillae: well setose medially. First maxilla: inner plate with 7 plumose medial setae; palps symmetric with 7 thin apical spines. Second maxilla: inner plate wi~h a row of medial setae barely extending onto face aplcally, no other medial setae. Maxilliped: outer plate large, with 2 stout plumose setae distally and a single naked toothspine; paired submarginal medial setae of the outer plate blunt, apically curved; palp articles 2-3 with single lateral setae, article-3 naked basally, moderately setose distally, with rows of short setae adjacent the base of the dactyl, the apex not produced. Coxae: coxae 1-4 lacking posterior spines. First gnathopod: palm slightly oblique, palmar spines apically dentate. Second gnathopod: defining corner with 2 spines. Epimera: without setae, each with some facial spines adjacent ventral and posterior margins. Pleopods: peduncles of pleopods 1-2 without setae, of pleopod 3 with 2 lateral setae; basomedial setae of inner rami bifid, no accessory retinaculae. Telson: cleft 100%. Description of holotype (female). Body 4.5 mm. Head (Fig. 6): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 6): length 0.5x body (broken at article- 17), longer than antenna-2, flagellum much longer than peduncle; peduncle article-l longest, 3 shortest, setae sparse; flagellum of many articles (17+), without calceoli or aesthetascs; accessory flagellum of 2 articles, article-2 tiny, extending to MO.7 of article- 1 of the primary flagellum; articles of primary flagellum variable in length. Second antenna (Fig. 6): short, length 0.27x body; peduncle very much longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, articles 3- 5 with weak ventral setation of 0-2-7 naked setae and 1-2-1 plumose setae, article-3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 4-articulate, without ca1ceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 6): without excavation of the apical margin, connection to the epistome symmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 6): palp article-l shorter than 2 (11:35), setae of article-2 = 2E: incisor 4 toothed; 4 setose accessory blades; lacinia mobilis bearing a row of short facial setae; plumose setae lying between each raker extend to the base of the molar; molar lacking distal plumose seta, without pubescence. Right mandible: incisor 5 toothed; lacinia mobilis 4 toothed and bearing facial setae; accessory blades of 5 plumose spines. Maxillae (Fig. 6): first maxilla palps of both sides bearing 7 thin apical and subapical spines; outer plate with 7 denticulate spines, the inner plate 7 medial setae; second maxilla, medial and apicomedial margin of both plates pubescent as is basomedial margin of inner plate. Maxilliped (Fig. 6): palp article-3 with moderate setae on the inner edge, dactyl bearing a row of midfacial setae and terminal accessory spine slightly longer than the nail. First gnathopod (Fig. 7): coxal plate bearing 4 short setae apically, without posteroventral spines; article-4 posteriorly bulbous and facially pubescent; carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding slightly apically, longer than wide, the posterior edge naked, corner of the palm almost square marked laterally by 2 moderate unarmed spines and 1 long trigger spine, and medially by 4 stout trigger spines, palm convex, dactylus reaching the palmar corner, bearing 3 small spines submarginal to the inner edge. Second gnathopod (Fig. 7): coxal plate broader than coxa 1, poorly setose, with 3 anterior setae; propodus 2x that of gnathopod 1, palm bearing 5 lateral trigger spines, single unarmed distal spine, single medial trigger spine at MO.5 and a single long seta at MO.2 from the palmar corner; the palmar edge is finely serrated, the corner defined by a single long slender trigger spine, 1 long, stout trigger spine and 2 long setae. Pereopods (Fig. 7): coxa 3 slightly larger than coxa 2, coxa 4 more irregular, both with similar setae = 3 anterior, none posterior, coxae 5- 7 with few setae on the ventral margin of posterior lobes (0-0-2); pereopods 3-7 longer than gnathopod 2, progressively elongate; pereopods 3-4 posterior armament formula of article-6 = S-S-S-S and S-2S­ S-S, thus both with a single locking spine; pereopods 5-7 each with 2 locking spines; article-6 of pereopod 7 without posterior keel like expansion; article-2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded, but not posteroventrally lobate, bearing small trigger spines; pereopods 3-7 dactyls simple, naked, with an outer basal penicillate setule and a short subterminal seta. Gills: flask shaped gills on coxae 2-6; gill of coxa 6 not reduced. Oostegites: thin, strap like and poorly setose, present on coxae 2-5. Pleopods (Fig. 8): 2 retinaculae per pleopod, without accessory retinaculae, peduncle 3 only bearing a single apicolateral seta, rami extending subequally, the inner rami bearing 9-9-8 articles, the outer 9-9-6; basal article setae of rami 1-2 = 1-1- 1-1, of which the inner seta is bifid on each. Epimera (Fig. 8): epimera 1-2 posteroventrally curved; epimeron 3 subquadrate, the posteroventral corners with 1-1- 2 setae; posterior margins smooth, barely setulose, ventrofacial spines present as 1-4-6. Pleon (Fig. 8): pleonite 3 with a tiny posterior dorsal seta, pleonite 6 with 2 distolateral and 2 distoventral spines; uropod 3 strongly extended beyond uropods 1-2 in entire animal. Uropod: lengths relative to uropod 1 = uropod 2 0.6x, (uropod 3 1.3x). Urosome (Fig. 8): ventrodistal spine at base of uropod 1 on urosomite 1 absent, although urosomite 1 extended ventrodistally in a spine like projection. Uropods (Fig. 8): uropod 1 peduncle length equal to medial ramus, the outer margin bearing a single apicodistal spine and row of 4 dorsal spines, the medial margin 2 apical spines; rami subequal, both with 2 sparse rows of marginal spines, spines of the apex = 4 and 5; uropod 2 peduncle 0.9x length of outer ramus, bearing, as well as 2 apicolateral spines, single lateral and dorsal subapical spines, 1 dorsolateral spine at MO.7, 1 lateral spine at MO.5 and 1 mid-apical dorsal spine; no apical spines of the medial margin; (outer ramus shorter than inner) (both) with 2 rows of marginal spines of the form 5-1,(1-3), spines of the apex = (4)-5; uropod 3 (lost; similar to others of genus i.e. peduncle much shorter than outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta, an apicolateral cluster of 5 spines, the outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine/seta ranks, article-2 shorter but similarly armed; inner ramus much shorter than outer (OAx) with a single apical spine). Telson (Fig. 8): 1.3x longer than broad, shorter than urosomite 3 (0.75x); cleft 100% of length; apices barely notched, 2 long penicillate setules and 1 shorter naked seta subapically, dorsal setae at MO.5 and MO.8, single medial seta at MO.6, and a single penicillate setule dorsolateral at MO.6. Relationship. Nedsia hurlberti varies from N. douglasi in the shorter relative length of the first antenna and the variable length of the articles of the primary flagellum, no excavation or asymmetry of the upper lip, reduced dentition of the left mandibular incisor, inner plate of the first maxilla with an extra seta, the inner plate of the second maxilla apically pubescent, palp and dactyl of maxilliped more spinose, as are the propodus and dactyl of the gnathopods, absence of a posterior keel like extension of the sixth article of the seventh pereopod, the posterior margins of the epimera sinuous and epimeron 2 bearing an additional ventral seta, pleopods bearing an accessory retinaculum, the telson longer and more slender. Nedsia hurlberti differs from N. straskraba, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi in that the margins of both plates of the second maxilla bear pubescence, from N. macrosculptilis and N. sculptilis in that the pleon is not sculpted, nor the epimera bearing facial spines, and from N. urifimbriata in the presence of few ventrofacial spines on the second and third epimera, a spine like extension of the first urosome at the base of the first uropod, less than six articles of the pleopodal rami, and in the absence of organised comb rows of setae at the base of the dactylus of the maxillipedal palp. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 43-47, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Nedsia scuiptilis n.sp. Etymology. Named for the sculpturing of the pleon. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum sampling site BES787. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 7-96) male 4.0 mm. Diagnosis. Pleonites: without dorsal spines. Head: rostrum obsolescent, lateral cephalic lobes moderately projecting. First antenna: bearing aesthetascs, Second antenna: short. Upper lip: symmetrical, not excavate. Mandibular palp: 2-articulate, articles equal in length, terminal article tapered terminating in 2 E-setae; accessory blades on rakers = 6 left, 4 R, with one interraker plumose seta on the right and one additional seta beyond the left rakers. Maxillae: without medial setae or pubescence except for the lateral margins of the second maxilla; inner plate of the first maxilla ovatoctriangular with six mid-medial to mediodistal plumose setae; palps symmetric; inner plate of the second maxilla with a row of medial setae barely extending onto the face apically with few other medial setae. Coxae: short, broader than long with few posterior spines. Maxilliped: inner plate bearing three distal plumose setae and three blunt naked terminal spines, without plumose medial setae, the outer plate bearing two distal plumose setae contiguous with a blunt naked tooth spine; palp articles 2-3 weakly setate laterally, setae at the dactylar base not organised into comb rows, the palp apex weakly produced, the dactyl with a moderately long nail. First gnathopod: palmar corner marked with one long lateral spine, moderate numbers of setae along palm. Second gnathopod: carpus barely lobate. Pereopods: 3-6 without accessory spinules on dactyls, posterior spine sets on article-6 of pereopod 3 evenly spaced, those on pereopod 4 uneven; dactyl of pereopod 7 with an extra terminal spinule. Gills: present on coxae 2-6. Pleopods: peduncles with 0,2,2 setae, 2 retinaculae and no accessory retinaculae. Epimera: epimeron 3 only with a small posteroventral tooth. Uropods: apicolateral corners of peduncles of uropods 1-2 with 3 and 2 spines respectively, the dorsal margins bearing few spines, the medial margin of uropod 1 with 2 apical spines. Telson: longer than broad, cleft 85%, bearing some medial spines. Description of holotype (male). Body 4 mm. Pleon: pleonite 6 without dorsal spines, bearing two laterodistal and single ventrodistal spines; pleonite 5 with distal dorsolateral spines. Head (Fig. 19): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 19): longer than second (broken at article-ll); flagellum longer than peduncle; peduncular articles 1-2 equal in length, 2.7x article-3, the first article bearing a cluster of ventral subdistal spines and setae, a row of small ventral spines, a dorsal row of three strong spines and a weak distal seta; flagellum moderately setate, bearing aesthetascs on some articles, article-l of the primary flagellum fused, accessory flagellum 2-articulate, second article tiny, extending to MO.8 of the first article of the primary flagellum. Second antenna (Fig. 19): moderately short, 0.3x body length; peduncle longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 subequal with weak setation, article-3 bearing a single dorsomedial spine and 4 ventrodistal spines; flagellum of 5 articles of diminishing dimension, lacking calceoli or aesthetascs. Upper lip (Fig. 19): apically convex, pilose and spinose; symmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 19): without palp (broken), incisor 5 toothed, lacinia mobilis 5 toothed and elongate, extending to the apex of the incisor; mandible bearing 6 large setose and 1 small naked accessory blades between the incisor and molar, without interraker plumose setae or pubescence; molar triturative, without distal seta. Right mandible (Fig. 19): bearing a short pa1p of two subequa1 articles, the first truncate and naked, the second cone like bearing 2 short apical Esetae; incisor of 5 teeth; lacinia mobi1is shorter than incisor, bifid, bearing anteriorly a median row of short spines, posteriorly a marginal row of setae; mandible bearing 4 accessory blades, the first denticulate, the remainder setose, with a single interraker seta lying between first and second blades, and a row of setae extending posteriorly; molar triturative, without a distal seta. Lower lip (Fig. 19): bearing prominent inner lobes extending to MO.7 of the outer lobes; anterior surfaces of both lobes rugose, inner lobes naked, outer lobes bearing apicomedial spines and setae. First maxilla (Fig. 19): pa1ps of two articles, almost symmetrical, the left side more slender than the right, possibly regenerent, each with 5 apical and 1 subapical slender naked spines; inner plate ovatotriangular, without pubescence except for a small lateral terminal cluster, bearing on the medial margin to the apex 6 p1umose setae; outer plate bearing two naked and five denticulate terminal spines. Second maxilla (Fig. 19): outer dista1 margin of both plates pubescent, facial and medial regions lacking pubescence, outer plate bearing a single distal spine additional to the terminal setae; both plates without other setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 19): palp third article with medial setae confined to the margin of the apex, bearing a single facial spine adjacent the dactylar base; apical setae marginal, not organised to comb rows; dactyl with two accessory spines arising adjacent the base of the nail and as long as the nail; medial margin of the outer plate carved into 4 sinuous indentations, without marginal spines, but associated with each a pair of long submarginal, curved, blunt spines. First gnathopod (Fig. 20): coxal plate bearing 2 apical setae, the fourth article posteriorly bulbous and pubescent, carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal and slightly expanded apically, longer than wide, posterior margin naked but for a single submarginal spine and a pair of long apical spines; margin of the palm lined with fine setae anteriorly, posteriorly the palmar corner rounded, marked by a single long lateral bifid spine, the posterior margin of the hand pubescent; adjacent the palmar corner three stout bifid spines and two long terminally bifid spines; dactyl bearing a subterminal accessory spinule extending to the nail-less apex, which reaches to the palmar corner. Second gnathopod (Fig. 20): coxa bearing 2 anterior setae, the palm strongly oblique, bearing 7 lateral and 2 medial stout trigger spines and marginally bordered with short setae, the palmar corner defined by a long lateral trigger spine; dactyl bearing 3 small spines along the inner margin, and extending to a point slightly short of the palmar corner. Pereopods (Fig. 20): coxae 3-4 with 2 anterior setae only, pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 Gills: flask shaped, present on coxae 2-6, gill 6 not reduced. Sternal gills absent. Pleopods (Fig. 21): each with 2 retinaculae, without accessory retinaculae, peduncles bearing 0,1,1 setae and 0,1,1 spines, all distal, the lateral spine of peduncle 3 bearing a trigger; rami extending subequally, of 7,6,6 inner and 8,8,7 outer articles; setae of basal articles of rami = 3-2,3-2,3-2. Epimera (Fig. 21): first epimera posteroventrally rounded, second posteroventrally quadrate, third slightly extended posteriorly and bearing a small posteroventral tooth, otherwise posterior margins smooth; epimera 1-3 bearing facial and submarginal ventral spines, the posterior corners marked by 2-1-1 spines, epimeron 2 bearing a single anteroventral marginal spine. Pleon (Fig. 21): pleonites 1-4 bearing dorsal and dorsolateral posterior setae, the posterior margins sculptured, with many serrations, less so on pleonite 4; without spines except for pleonite 5 which bears 3 dorsal and dorsolateral spines of moderate length, and pleonite 6 with 2 lateral and 1 ventrolateral posterior spines. Uropods (Fig. 21): first uropod 1.9x length of second, peduncle length greater than rami, outer margin bearing a strong basofacial spine and row of 4 dorsolateral spines, the last subapical, the medial margin bearing 2 anterior and 1 subapical dorsal spines; distal apices of peduncle bearing 1 medial and 1 lateral spines; inner ramus longer than outer, with single marginal spine at MO.6, and terminating in 5 spines, the outer ramus with 2 lateral spines at MO.4 and MO.6, terminating in an apical cluster of 4 spines; second uropod peduncle subequal to outer ramus, outer margin with 3 apical spines, inner margin with 1 mid-marginal and 3 apical spines; outer ramus bearing 1 mid-medial and 2 lateral spines at MO.5 and MO.7, and 4 terminal spines; inner ramus with 1 lateral spine at MO.7, a row of 4 medial spines and 4 terminal spines. Uropod 3 absent. Telson (Fig. 21): length equal to width, as long as urosomite 3; cleft 85% of its length, the subapex notched around an apical spine like extension, the notches bearing long plumose setae; left lobe bearing small lateral spines at MO.6 and MO.8, medial spines at MO.7 and MO.9, and a single penicillate facial setule at MO.5; right lobe bearing small lateral spines at MO.6 and MO.8, facial spines at MO.85, and single lateral penicillate spinule at MO.7. Relationship. Nedsia sculptilis in the form of the pleonites which are setate and complexly sculptured, and the epimera which are facially and submarginally spinous is similar to N. macrosculptilis and differs from other Nedsia in these ways. N. sculptilis is distinguishable from N. macrosculptilis in that the posterior margins of the fourth pleonite are without spines, and the medial margin of the outer plate of the maxilliped is without facial rugosity and is carved into 4 rather than 5 indentations. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Nedsia douglasi Barnard & Williams, 1995 Nedsia douglasi Barnard & Williams, 1995: 198-201. Nedsia douglasi Barnard & Williams, 1995: 198-201. Diagnosis. Body: only pleonite 6 with 2 dorsal spines. Lateral cephalic lobes strongly projecting. Antennae: ratio of length of peduncular articles of first antenna = 45:35:8. Upper lip: asymmetrical; weakly excavate below. Mandibles: accessory blades (rakers) very few (3- 4), no additional serrations beyond rakers; mandibular palp 2-articulate, ratio of articles 5:8, article-2 linear, subtruncate, 2 or 3 E-setae. Maxillae: inner plates of maxillae 1-2 poorly covered in pubescence; well setose medially; inner plate of maxilla 1 with 6 medial setae, palps symmetric; inner plate of maxilla 2 with no setae other than medial row extending onto face apically. Maxilliped: naked tooth spine of outer plate blunt, palp articles 2-3 weakly setose laterally, setae of article-3 organised into comb rows near base of dactyl; nail of dactyl short. Coxae: 1-7 short; coxae 1-4 lacking posterior spines. Gnathopods 1-2 diverse in female (male unknown): palmar spines of first gnathopod asymmetrically bifid, spines at corner of palm = lateral 3 long, medial 4 short; setae along palm sparse and simple; defining corner of second gnathopod with 1 spine. Gills: coxae 2-4 each with flask shaped gill. Oostegites: present on coxae 2-5. Pleopods: peduncles with 1 seta each; retinaculae = 2, accessory retinaculae = 1. Epimera: posteroventral tooth of epimera 1-3 absent. Uropods: apicolateral corner of peduncles on uropods 1-2 with 1 and 2 spines (thus with 0-1 ventrally displaced spines), dorsal margins spinose, medial margin of uropod 1 with 2 apical spines, all rami of uropods 1-2 with 2 spine rows, albeit weakly furnished; inner ramus of uropod 3 reaching to MO.16 on article-l of outer ramus. Telson: cleft 100%; setal spines, where present, lateral; single lateral penicillate setules at MO.6 on either side. Description. As recorded for the holotype (Barnard & Williams, 1995). A single male specimen was collected from a related site on North West Cape. This specimen, male "c", bears many similarities to the female holotype and is believed to represent the same species. Variations from the holotype are set out within the description below. Material examined. Male "c", 5 mm: Cape Range, Western Australia. North West Cape region, subterranean fresh waters of the coastal plain. Western Australian Museum sample BESI86. Not from type locality. Description of male "c" (Figs 1, 2). Body 5 mm. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles 50:48:18 (converts to 45:43:16 compared with female type = 45:35:8). Upper lip: apex rounded, not excavate, connection symmetrical. Left mandible: palp article- 1 shorter than 2; article-2 with 2 apical setae; incisor 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 4 or 5 teeth; 5 setose accessory blades. Right mandible: incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis bifid; 4 moderately setose accessory blades. Maxilliped (Fig. 1): 3 blunt naked tooth spines on the inner plate. Gnathopods (Fig. 2): palm of gnathopod 1 more setose than female type, of gnathopod 2 similar. Pereopods (Fig. 2): similar to female type. Uropods: lengths relative to uropod I = 1:0.6:1.6 (vs. 1:0.5: 1.33 in the female type): uropod 1 peduncle 1.14x outer ramus (vs 1.3x); inner ramus 1.14x outer; apices of both rami bearing 4 spines (vs 4-6); uropod 2 rami with marginal spines 1-1 and 1-2 (vs 1-1 and 1-3). Telson: fewer dorsal setae than the female type. Penis: small penial processes borne on either side of the posterior ventral surface of the seventh thoracic segment (Fig. 1). Distribution. Coastal plain, North West Cape, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum sample BES186., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847, {"references":["Barnard, J. L. & W. D. Williams, 1995. The taxonomy of Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: part 2. Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2): 161 - 201."]}

Nedsia macrosculptilis n.sp . Figs 16-18 Etymology. Named for the deep sculpturing of the pleon. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum sampling site BES786. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 6-96) female 5.5 mm Barrow Island, Western Australia. Diagnosis. Pleonites 5-6: with 3 pairs of small dorsolateral spines. Head: rostrum absent, lateral cephalic lobes moderately projecting. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles about 3:3.5:1. Upper lip: symmetrical, apically rounded. Mandible: palp of 2 small articles, truncate, cone like, setae of article 2 = 2E; accessory blades (rakers) = 5 right or 6 left with 3 right and 4 left interraker plumose setae between each main raker. Maxillae: first maxilla inner plate facially pubescent with 8 plumose medial setae, both plates of the second maxilla with distolateral fine pubescence, outer plate with fine pubescence medially. Maxilliped: medial setae of inner plate submarginal to facial, with 1 short, naked, submarginal spine at the base of the first of these, medial margin of face of outer plate scalloped and bearing rugosities; palp third article apex setae not organised to comb rows, apex not produced; dactyl facially setose with 2 medial and 1 terminal accessory spines, the latter as long as the moderate nail. Coxae: coxae 1-4 lacking posterior spines. First gnathopod: palmar spines symmetrically bifid, and without triggers, spines at corner of palm = lateral 4 long and medially a continuous row of 5 bifid and 2 naked spines, palmar edge finely serrated anteriorly. Second gnathopod: enlarged, 2x gnathopod 1, carpus moderate, shorter than propodus; defining corner of palm with 1 enlarged spine. Epimera: posterior margin of epimeron 3 sculptured; epimera with facial and ventral submarginal spines. Coxal gills: 5-6 reduced slightly. Uropods: rami of uropods 1-2 with 2 spine rows; uropod 3 medial setae of outer ramus moderately long; spines of peduncle apical and mid-lateral. Telson: cleft 100%. Description of holotype (female). Body (Fig. 16) 5.5 mm. Pleon: pleonite 6 with 3 dorsolateral spines and 2 distoventral spines; pleonite 5 with 4 dorsolateral spines. Head: rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 16): length about 1.5x body, 2.9x antenna- 2, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncle article-2 longest, 3 shortest, article-l bearing a strong mediodistal spine; setae moderate, flagellum of many articles (44), and a few aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, 2nd article tiny; article-l of primary flagellum fused, other articles shortest proximally, longest distally. Second antenna (Fig. 16): moderately short, length O.4x body; peduncle longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, with weak ventral setation, article-3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 5-articulate, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 16): apical margin convex, slightly extended, spinose and pilose, connection to epistome symmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 16): left mandible palp missing, incisor 5 toothed, lacinia mobilis 5 toothed and very broad; 6 setose accessory blades; molar with distal plumose seta, triturative, an area of pubescence leading from accessory blades to the base of the molar. Right mandible: palp 2-articulate, reduced, article-l short, naked, second article tapered, setae = 2E; lacinia mobilis with 3 smooth teeth and small denticle medial between 1st and last tooth, 5 setose accessory blades and 3 plumose interraker setae; line of pubescence leading to edge of molar. Lower lip (Fig. 16): bearing prominent inner lobes, outer lobes apically pilose and spinose. First maxilla (Fig. 16): right and left palp article-2 bearing 4 naked thin apical setae, 3 with fine distal setulate rugosities, and 1 plumose thin apical seta; outer plate with 6 denticulate, and 1 naked spines; inner plate ovate and pubescent, with 8 medial plumose setae. Second maxilla: both plates with the outer margin pubescent, as well as the median distal margin of the outer plate; basomedial margin of the inner plate with 5 fine setae grouped 2,3. Maxilliped (Fig. 16): palp article-3 with 2 thin, moderately long setae subdactylar on the inner face, and a longer pair on the outer face; article-3 moderately setose distally leading to the base of the dactyl. First gnathopod (Fig. 17): coxal plate with 5 short setae apically, without posterior ventral spines; article-4 posteriorly bulbous, marginally pubescent, but without a hyaline lobe; carpus not lobate, propodus trapezoidal, slightly expanded apically, longer than wide, posterior margin almost naked with 2 setae only; corner of palm rounded, not clearly defined, with row of 4 lateral setae, medially 2 naked spines and 5 bifid spines; palm convex, dactyl not reaching corner. Second gnathopod (Fig. 17): palm strongly oblique with 5 lateral and 2 medial spines all unevenly bifid with triggers; defining spine near corner medial, dactyl reaching spine, but not corner of palm; coxal plate broader than long, 4 anterior, 1 posterior setae. Pereopods (Fig. 17): coxa 3 with 3 anteroventral setae, similar; coxa 4 with 4 similar setae; pereopods 3-4 longer than gnathopod 2 (287,250:215), pereopod 3 shorter than pereopod 4, articles 4,5 sparsely setose posteriorly; posterior armament formulae of pereopods 3-4; S,S,S,S,S,O and S,S,sS,S,S,S thus with a single locking spine on pereopod 4 only; pereopods 5-7 similar but consecutively elongate, each with 3 locking spines; slight inward expansion of the anterior spines of article-6 of pereopod 7 revealing a slight keel; coxae 5-7 bearing single posteroventral setae on posterior lobes; article-2 of pereopods 5-7 moderately expanded, not lobate, but extended posteriorly, bearing short but moderately stout posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple with single basal outer penicillate setule, and no accessory setules. Gills: of coxae 2-6 flask shaped, gills 5-6 smaller but not significantly reduced; gill 4 largest, gills 5-6 smallest. Oostegites (Fig. 17): of coxae 2 small, 3-5 thin, strap like, only those of coxa 5 with a few small setae. Pleopods (Fig. 18): retinaculae 2 each, no accessory retinaculae; peduncle of the first pleopod with no setae, of the second with 1 seta, of the third with 4; setae unevenly bifid with triggers; rami extending equally, the inner with 10,10,9 articles, the outer with 11,11, 10 articles. Setae on basal articles of rami = 1-1,1-1,1-0. Epimera (Fig. 18): epimera 1-2 posteroventrally subquadrate, epimeron 3 slightly lobate; posterior margins slightly convex, of epimeron 1 smooth, of epimeron 2 sculptured at the posteroventral corner and posteriorly sinuous, of epimeron 3 finely sculptured posteriorly; epimera with facial and submarginal spines, posterior corners marked with 2-2-1 spines, each lacking an oblique ridge, but with an incomplete row of facial spines. Pleon (Fig. 18): pleonites 1-4 bearing dorsal and dorsolateral posterior setae, and posterior margins sculptured into sharp serrations; pleonites 4-6 with lateral and/or dorsolateral posterior spines-pleonite 4 with 2 lateral, pleonite 5 with 4 dorsolateral, pleonite 6 with 3 dorsolateral as well as 2 blunt ventrolateral spines. Uropods (Fig. 18): uropod 3 strongly extended in entire animal; uropod lengths relative to uropod 1- uropod 2 = 0.6x, uropod 3 = 1.3x; uropod 1 peduncle length subequal to inner, longer ramus (175:165), outer margin with 1 long apicodistal spine besides a row of 6 dorsal spines (the 6th spine subapical), one apicomedial spine and a medial row of 7 spines (the 7th spine subapical); rami of uropod 1 subequal in length, the medial ramus being the longer (155:165); both rami with two rows of marginal spines, and 5 terminal spines, distal margins of the inner ramus finely pubescent; uropod 2 peduncle 0.85x length of inner (longer) ramus, outer margin with 1 apicodorsal and 1 apicoventral spines, dorsolateral row of 5 unevenly spaced spines, medial margin with 2 apicoventral spines and 2 subdistal apicodorsal spines, 1 mid submarginal spine and a single basomarginal spine at MO.3; outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formulae 4,3 and 3,7; distolateral and medial margins of the outer ramus and both margins of the inner ramus finely pubescent; both rami terminating in 4 apical spines; uropod 3 peduncle length 0.24x outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3 (50:40), bearing an apical cluster of 4 dorsolateral spines, 1 mid-lateral spine; all spines marginal; outer ramus proximal article long, 2.3x peduncle, with lateral and medial marginal trigger spines, regularly spaced, an irregular, medial submarginal row of 4 small spines, one displaced toward the mid line, the medial and lateral apices each with a cluster of 4 spines extending partially across the distal margin; article-2 shorter, 0.8x article-I, margins bearing regularly spaced trigger spines, paired distally, the mediodistal and apical margins setate, setae increasing in length distally and with a single apical plumose seta; inner ramus scale like, of 1 article, length 0.1x the length of the proximal article of the outer ramus (16:117), bearing 1 short and 1 medium length apicolateral trigger spines and 1 postero-mid-Iateral, submarginal mediumlength trigger spine. Telson (Fig. 18): length 2.9x width, longer than urosomite 3 (47:40), cleft 100% of its length; subapices with sinuous lateral notch, long, paired, plumose setae arising subapically, a short row of 2 distal medial setae, 3 lateral trigger spines and weak dorsal setation; single small submarginal lateral penicillate setule at MO.6 on either lobe. Relationship. Nedsia macrosculptilis varies from N. douglasi in that the pleon is more spinous and setous, the posterior margins of pleosome 1-4 finely sculpted and setate and of 5-6 dorsolaterally spinous, the flagellum of the first antenna extremely long bearing aesthetascs, the second peduncular article is longest, the first article bearing a strong mediodistal spine, and moderately setate, the first article of the primary flagellum is fused and subsequent articles increase in length distally. The second antenna is proportionally longer, the flagellum 5-articulate, the upper lip is slightly convex apically, extended and symmetrical. Left molar bearing long plumose distal seta, is pubescent from the accessory blades to the base of the molar. Right mandibular palp 2-articulate, with a medium length plumose molarial seta, and pubescence. Palp of first maxilla bearing 8 thin apical setae, symmetrical, inner plate with 8 medial plumose setae, second maxilla basomedial margin of inner plate bearing 5 fine setae in 2 groups, maxillipedal palp article-3 with moderate distal setae leading to the base of the dactyl, gnathopod 1 palmar corner rounded, not clearly defined with more setae and spines, The second gnathopod is more spinous in the palm, epimera with facial and submarginal spines and posterior corners with 2-2-1 spines, pleon sculptured to sharp serrations, and bearing setae and dorsolateral spines on pleon 5- 6, peduncle of uropod 1 shorter than in N. douglasi, distal margins of inner ramus finely pubescent, uropod 2 shorter, outer ramus shorter than inner, distolateral and medial margins of outer ramus and all of inner ramus covered in fine pubescence, uropod 3 peduncle longer than urosomite 3, all spines marginal, article-2 0.8x article-I, inner ramus relatively longer than in N. douglasi, telson much longer than wide, subapical notch broader, telson more spinous. Nedsia macrosculptilis differs from N.sculptilis in the absences of spines on the posterolateral margins of the fourth pleonite and of rugosity on the medial face of the maxillipedal outer plate, and in reduced scalloping of the medial margin of that platc. Nedsia macrosculptilis differs from all thc other Nedsia in the presence of deep sculpturing of the pleonie posterior margins and of facial spines on the epimera. The species differs from N. straskraba, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi in bearing marginal pubescence on both plates of the second maxilla. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 59-64, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Nedsia urifimbriata n.sp. Figs 11-13 Etymology. Named for the presence of marginal pubescence on the third uropod. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum sampling site BES733. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 4-96) male 2.5 mm. ALLOTYPE female 3 mm. Diagnosis. Mandibular palp: 2-articulate, setae = 2E. Second maxilla: inner plate with submarginal mediodistal row of plumose setae barely extending onto the face apically, without medial setae, without pubescence. Maxilliped: inner plate with a reduced medial row of 1 faciodistal and 1 barely facial (submarginal) ventral seta; outer plate lacking a blunt naked tooth spine contiguous with distal plumose setae, an additional submarginal facial group of 4 setae at MO.3; palp article- 3 with comb rows at the base of the dactyl, the apex weakly produced, dactylar nail moderately long, with a subequal accessory seta. First gnathopod: carpus equal to propodus in male, palmar spines symmetrically bifid. Pereopods: posterior spine sets of article-6 evenly spaced. Pleopods: peduncle 3 with 1 apicolateral seta, basomedial seta of inner rami not bifid; each with 2 retinaculae, no accessory retinaculum. Epimera: posteroventral tooth of epimera 1-3 present, posterior margins without setae, without facial spines. Uropods: uropods 1-2 apicolateral corners of peduncles with 2 and 1 spines, both rami of both uropods with only a single, poorly represented spine row; uropod 3 without subdistal peduncular setae. Telson: cleft 100%, lobes weakly convex laterally and medially; setation subapical, lacking lateral setal spines, single lateral penicillate setules at MO.3-0.5. Description of holotype (male "x"). Body (Fig. 11) 2.5 mm. Urosome: poorly armed dorsally. Head (Fig. 11): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 11): elongate, longer than antenna-2, broken at article-6 of flagellum-broken length 0.6x body, (length> 2x antenna-2); flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article-1 longest and bearing a strong mediodistal spine at MO.85, article-3 shortest, ratio of lengths 90:70:30, setae sparse; flagellum of many articles (broken at article-6), uniform, sparsely setu1ate; ca1ceoli absent, no aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, reaching MO.5 article-1 of primary flagellum, second article tiny. Second antenna (Fig. 11): with weak ventral setation, article-3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 5- articulate, lacking ca1ceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 11): (asymmetrical, weakly excavate below). Left mandible (Fig. 11): palp 2-articulate, article-1 shorter than 2 (35:47), article-2 bearing 2 apical E-setae; incisor 5 toothed, lacinia mobilis 5 toothed bearing on the medial face a row of short spines, 4 setose accessory blades and 3 inter-raker plumose setae; molar triturative, with a moderately long distal plumose seta. Right mandible: pa1p absent, incisor 5 toothed and 1acinia mobilis 5 toothed with mediofacial spine row as on left side, 4 setose accessory blades and 2 inter-raker plumose setae; molar triturative, without distal plumose seta. Maxillae (Fig. 11): first maxilla pa1p article-2 bearing thin apical and subapical spines, configuration of the left side being; 4 naked, 1 denticulate, and 1 setate, the right side having one less naked spine, the outer plate of both sides with 7 denticulate spines; inner plate with 4 plumose mediodistal setae and 1 subdistal naked seta; second maxilla outer plate apicolateral margin pubescent, inner plate basomedial margin pubescent; apical spines of both plates mostly setate, but some naked. Maxilliped (Fig. 11): palp article-3 with 3 thin setae on the inner edge, no other facial setae; inner plate with a single midmedial submarginal plumose spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 12): coxal plate bearing 1 or 2 short setae apically and 1 posteroventral spine; article-4 posteriorly bulbous and pubescent; carpus not lobate, propodus trapezoidal, expanding apically, length greater than width, the posterior edge naked; palmar corner rounded, marked by 2 lateral setae and 3 stout, bifid medial spines; palm convex, transverse, lined with fine setules; dactylus reaching slightly beyond the corner of the palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 12): palm bearing 3 lateral and 6 medial spines, the spine at the palmar corner medial; coxal plate no broader than coxa 1, poorly setose. Pereopods (Fig. 12): coxa 3 bearing 1 anterior seta only, coxa 4 similar but with 1 small posterior seta; pereopods (3)-4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod (3) approximately equal to pereopod 4; articles 4-5 of pereopod 4 sparsely setulose posteriorly; posterior margin of article-6 of pereopods (3)-4 armament formula 1-1-1-1-1, i.e. with 1 locking spine; pereopods 5-7 absent; coxae 5-7 bearing few (1) setae on the ventral margin of posterior lobes; dactyls (3-7) simple as in pereopod 4, but without any basal penicillate setule. Gills (Fig. 12): coxal gills of limbs 2-4 flask shaped, none present on coxae 5-6(7); sternal gills absent. Pleopods (Fig. 13): peduncle of pleopod 3 only with an apicolateral seta; two retinaculae on each peduncle, without accessory spines; rami extending subequally, all with 5 articles; setae on basal articles = 3 for all rami, none bifid. Epimera (Fig. 13): epimera 1 and 3 posteriorly quadrate, epimeron 2 more rounded; posterior margins of epimera 1-2 weakly convex, of epimeron 3 linear; smooth, not setulose with no ventrofacial spines, lacking an oblique ridge. Pleon (Fig. 13): pleonites 4 and 5 with distolateral posterior seta, pleonite 6 with distoventral spine. Uropods (Fig. 13): uropod lengths relative to uropod 1 (300)-uropod 2 (165) = 0.55x, uropod 3 (485) = 1.6x; uropod 1 peduncle length 1.3x inner ramus, outer margin without an apicodistal spine, with 2 apicomedial and 2 apicolateral spines, bearing a short row of 2 dorsal and 3 medial spines; rami of subequal length (lateral medial = 116:130), both rami bear a single mid-dorsal spine, medial ramus with 5 terminal spines, the lateral with 4; uropod 2 peduncle 0.7x length of inner ramus, no apicodorsal spines, 1 mid-lateral spine, 1 sub-apicolateral spine, and 2 apicomedial spines; outer ramus shorter than inner (70:95), both with marginal spines; lateral ramus with 1 mid-lateral spine, medial ramus with 2 medial spines; apices of rami with 4 (lateral) and 5 (medial) terminal spines; uropod 3 peduncle length 0.24x outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3 (47:52), with no subdistal setae, an apicolateral group of 3 spines, single mid-distal spine, single apicomedial spine, and single small mid facial spine; outer ramus lateral margins of both articles and medial margin of distal article, bearing short, marginal pubescent fringe; proximal article with several irregular spine-seta ranks, these submarginal laterally, a pair of mid-facial setae, sparse medial setae, 3 apicolateral and 3 apicomedial setae, terminal article shorter (190:200), similarly armed, distally with a group of 4 long and 2 short setae. Telson (Fig. 13): 1.5x longer than broad, as long as urosomite 3, cleft 100%; apices minutely notched, subapices each with 2 long distal plumose setae, 2 or 3 distal and marginal setae, each lobe bearing a single penicillate setule at MO.3 or 0.5. Small penial processes borne on sternum of thoracic article-7 (Fig. 13). Description of allotype (female "y"). Body 3 mm. First gnathopod (Fig. 12): coxa with 2 anterior setae, article- 2 with 2 long posterior setal spines and 1 distal seta, merus with elongate seta of the pubescent posterior lobe and short setae anterodistally; carpus bearing 12 rather than 9 long spines, propodus and dactyl more spinous than male. Second gnathopod (Fig. 12): more setose and spinous than male; coxa without posterior seta, bearing 3 (rather than 1) anterior setae. Oostegites (Fig. 12): gnathopod 2-pereopod 5 each bearing a simple strap like oostegite with few setae or spines. Relationship. Nedsia urifimbriata differs from N. douglasi in that the peduncle of the first antenna bears a strong mediodistal spine, the second antenna is slightly longer, the molar is triturative with a moderately long distal plumose seta, the palps of the first maxilla are symmetrical, the maxillipedal palp bears an extra medial seta, the inner plate a single mid-medial, submarginal plumose spine, the first gnathopod bears fewer palmar spines, the dactyl reaches beyond the palmar corner, the palm of the second gnathopod bears more spines, apical setae of the peduncles of the pleopods are present on pleopod 3 only, the first uropod lacks an apicodistal spine, and the rami with single mid-dorsal spines each, the peduncle of the second uropod is relatively short, without apicodorsal spines, and the telson longer than wide, as long as urosomite 3. Nedsia urifimbriata differs from N. straskraba, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi in the presence of marginal pubescence on both pates of the second maxilla, from N. hurlberti in the presence of ventral submarginal spines on the second and third epimera, of organised comb rows of setae at the base of the maxillipedal dactyl, and of more than six flagellar articles on the pleopods, and in the absence of a spine like extension of the first urosome at the base of the first uropod. Nedsia urifimbriata differs from N. macrosculptilis and N. sculptilis in the presence of anterior spines, but absence of setae, on the first coxal plate, the absence of dorsal setae on the telson and of sculpturing of the pleon, and in possessing a long outer plate on the maxilliped. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Family Melitidae Barnard & Williams (1995) assigned Nedsia to the family Melitidae, within the hadzioid superfamily. The hadziid/melitid group is complex and not clearly defined. Holsinger (1994) groups Melitidae within the Hadziidae, pointing to "considerable taxonomic instability within this group, much of which has apparently resulted from rampant parallelism and excessive homoplasy." We do not wish to add to the confusion over affinities within this group, so accept Barnard & Williams (1995) placement for the present. The genus displays similarities to eriopisids (Karaman, 1984), particularly in the presence of an elongate second article of the outer ramus of the third uropod, which is uncommon, but does occur elsewhere, for example, in Pseudoniphargus adriaticus Karaman, 1955 and Niphargus longicaudatus Costa, 1851. Unlike Eriopisa or Psammogammarus, however, the anterior coxae of Nedsia are not significantly reduced, nor is the female second gnathopod hadziid, or the first gnathopod ceradocid as in Psammogammarus. Moreover, the mandibular palp is reduced to two articles, although the terminal article is linear as in eriopisids, rather than falcate with distinct D- and E-setae as in Hadzia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847, {"references":["Barnard, J. L. & W. D. Williams, 1995. The taxonomy of Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: part 2. Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2): 161 - 201.","Holsinger, J. R., 1994. Amphipoda in Encyclopaedia Biospeologica, Tome 1. C. Juberthie & V. Decou (eds). Societe Biospeologie.","Karaman, G. S., 1984. Revision of Eriopisa-complex of genera (Gammaridea) (Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 139) Poljoprivreda I sumarstvo, 30 (4): 39 - 72.","Karaman, S., 1955. Uber einige Amphipoden des Grundwassers der Jugoslavischen Meereskuste. Acta Musei Macedonici scientiarum Naturalium, Skopje, 2: 223 - 242.","Costa, A. 1851. In Gug!. Hope's \" Catalogo dei Crostacei Italiani e di Molti Altri del Mediterraneo, Napoli, Azzolino. \""]}

Nedsia straskraba n.sp. Figs 3-5 Etymology. Named for Milan Straskraba, noted limnologist and early contributor to our knowledge of the taxonomy of Australian freshwater amphipods. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum sample BES531. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 1-96) male "a", 3 mm; male "b", 2.5 mm (collected at same site, at different date. Western Australian Museum sample BES539). Diagnosis. Pleonite 6 without dorsal spines. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles about 3:2:1. Second antenna: very short. Upper lip: margin not excavate; apically rounded and pilose. Mandibles: mandibular palp 2-articulate, article-2 cone like, setae 2E or 2D2E; interraker plumose setae absent; no additional serrations beyond rakers. Maxillae: moderately setose medially: first maxilla inner plate with 4 mediodistal setae; palps almost syrmnetric. Maxilliped: inner plate moderately long, no additional setae (plumose or naked) medially; outer plate with a blunt, naked tooth spine medially, the second pair of submarginal facial setae reduced to a single seta; palp article-3 lacking comb rows of setae near the base of the dactyl, facial comb row of setae from dactylar base to nail, nail of moderate length with similar length distal spine. Coxae: coxa 1 not expanded below; coxae 1-2 longer than broad with 1-3 posterior spines respectively; coxae 3-4 lacking posterior spines. First gnathopod: palmar spines evenly bifid; spines at corner of palm = lateral 2 long, medial 2 stout and bifid; setae along palm sparse; cutting edge of palm with many fine serrations. Second gnathopod: carpus only slightly lobate; defining corner of palm with 2 spines. Pereopods: posterior spine sets of article-6 of pereopods 3-4 reduced TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO to2spines on pereopod3. Gills: °coxal gills5 -6 slightly extending subequally; basomedial seta on inner rami not bifid; retinaculae 2 on each pleopod, accessory retinaculae 1,0,1. Uropods: apicolateral corner of peduncles of uropods 1-2 each with 1 spine; dorsal margins of uropod 2 naked; spine rows of rami of uropods 1-2 reduced to 1 (uropod 1) and 2 (uropod 2) medial spines. Telson: cleft 100%. Description of holotype (male "a"). Body (Fig. 3) 2.7 mm Urosome: poorly armed dorsally. Head: rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 3): length 0.9x body, 3.2x antenna-2; flagellum longer than peduncle (470:188); peduncular article-3 shortest, article-1 longest, ratio of lengths = 88:68:32; setae sparse; aesthetascs present on articles 8, 9, 11, 12, 14; calceoli absent; flagellum of 18 articles; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, reaching MO.7 of article-1 of primary flagellum, article- 2 tiny; articles of primary flagellum not uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 3): length 0.28x body (206:745); peduncle much longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, 3-5 with weak ventral setation, article-3 with 1 dorsomedial spine; flagellum 4-articulate, no calceoli. Upper lip: margin not excavate. Mandibles (Fig. 3): left mandibular palp 2-articulate, articles unequal in length (17:10), article-2 with 2 long apical setae (2E) and 2 short setae (2D); incisor 5 toothed; lacinia mobilis with 4 denticles; 5 setose accessory blades; molar without distal plumose seta (probably lost by damage to specimen), triturative; no other pubescence; right mandibular incisor 4 toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, broad, finely denticulate; accessory blades of 5 plumose spines; palp 2-articulate, length ratio of articles 17:10. First maxilla (Fig. 3): palp article-2 with 5 thin apical spines, all naked on R, one plumose on left side; outer plate of left with 7 denticulate spines, of right with 6; inner plate bearing 4 terminal plumose setae medially, medial margin pubescent. Second maxilla (Fig. 3): outer plate devoid of pubescence; inner plate pubescent on basomedial margin. Maxilliped (Fig. 3): nail of palp short (11:32 of dactyl), article-3 with few thin setae at inner edge, none proximal; inner plate with single ventrofacial spine and short spur at MO.5 and 0.6, and a single submarginal medial naked spine at MO.8. First gnathopod (Fig. 4): coxal plate with several short setae apically and one posteroventrally; article-4 slightly bulbous posteriorly, carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding slightly apically, longer than wide, the posterior edge naked, corner of palm rounded, 2 long, naked lateral spines, 2 stout bifid spines medially, palm slightly convex, dactyl reaching beyond the palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 4): palm with 2 medial and 2 lateral spines, all but the corner spines being bifid, and 2 long and 1 medium setae; spines at palmar corner = 1 medial and 1 lateral (naked); coxal plate similar to first with 1 anterior and 3 posterior setae. Pereopods (Fig. 4): coxa 3 with setae similar to coxa 1, arranged 1 anterior, 1 posterior; coxa 4 similar, both setae anterior; pereopods 3-(4) longer than gnathopod 2; pereopods 3-5 approximately equal, articles 4,5 sparsely setose posteriorly, the posterior margin of article-6 (pereopod 3 only) with armament formula = ---1--1, thus with only one locking spine; pereopods 5- 7 similar but consecutively elongate, with 1,2,1 locking spines; pereopod 7 anterior spines of articles 5 and 6 displaced inward by keel-like expansion of the segment; coxae 5-7 bearing 0,0,1 setae on posterior lobes, article- 2 weakly expanded progressively from pereopods 5-7, not lobate, but extended posteriorly and bearing few setae on pereopod5, becoming increasingly robust in pereopods 6 and 7; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple, naked except for an anterior basal penicillate setule, with the addition of an outer terminal setule on pereopod 7. Gills: coxae 2-6 with flask shaped gills, gill of coxa 3 largest, of coxae 5-6 slightly reduced. Pleopods (Fig. 5): retinaculae 2 per pleopod, one accessory each; peduncles 1 and 3 with an apicolateral seta, 2 without; rami extending subequally, the inner with 5:5:5 articles, the outer with 6:6:5; no bifid setae on basal articles. Epimera (Fig. 5): epimera posteroventrally quadrate; posterior margins scarcely convex on 1-2, concave on epimeron 3, all smooth, with few or no setae; epimera 2-3 with 2 and 1 weak ventral spines, lacking lateral oblique ridge. Pleon (Fig. 5): pleonites 1-4 with dorsolateral posterior setae; pleonite 6 with 1 dorsolateral and 1 distoventral spinule. Uropods (Fig. 5): uropod lengths relative to uropod 1 are uropod 2 = 0.6x, uropod 3 = 1.5x; uropod 1 peduncle length 1.3x inner ramus, the outer margin bearing a single apicodistal spine and reduced row of 2 mid-dorsal spines, the medial apex bearing 2 spines; rami of subequal length (inner outer = 62:54), both naked except for a single mid-dorsal spine on the inner ramus; both rami with 5 terminal spines; uropod 2 peduncle length 0.9x inner ramus, bearing a single apicolateral spine only; inner ramus length lAx outer, the medial margin bearing 2 spines only, 5 terminal spines; outer ramus shorter, devoid of any but 5 terminal spines; uropod 3 strongly extended beyond uropods 1-2 in entire animal; peduncle length 0.14x outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3 (25:50), bearing single mid-dorsal and laterodistal marginal setae, 1 subapical lateral seta, and 1 small mid-medial submarginal, facial seta; outer ramus proximal article with few marginal setae, 2 apicomedial setae, 3 apicolateral setae and I subapical submarginal lateral seta, article-2 shorter (80:100), similarly armed, terminating in a cluster of 5 spines; inner ramus scale like, subquadrate, length O.13x outer, bearing a single apicomedial spine. Telson (Fig. 5): length 1.5x width, widest at base, subequal in length to urosomite 3 (45:50), cleft 100%; apices slightly notched laterally female), apex of right lobe notched minutely medially; subapices with 2 long plumose setae, 1 submarginal medial seta and 1 lateral seta at MO.8, no other dorsal setae except for single penicillate setules on both lobes laterally at MO.7. Description of other material. Specimen "b", male, length 2.5 mm. Pleonite 6 with a single dorsolateral spine. First antenna: flagellum of 20 articles, aesthetascs present on articles 8,9,10,12,13,14,16. Mandibles: 牾瑩漠 of length of palp articles 1-2 = 15:12; setae of termmal article = 2E; interraker plumose setae present between accessory blades. Left mandible: palp article-2 shorter than in type; 15:12, setae = 2E; distal plumose seta present on both molars. Maxillae: spines of pal~ of left first maxilla not plumose Maxilliped: palp artlcle- 3 with rows of setae basal to dactyl; nail of dactyl short. First gnathopod: coxal plate without posteroventral seta. Pleopods: accessory spines adjacent to retinaculae = 1,0,0. accessory spine present adjacent retinacula of pleopod 1 only. Uropod: lengths relative to uropod 1; uropod 2 0.7x, uropod 3 2x; peduncle of uropod 1 1.9x length of inner ramus, of uropod 2 equal to ramus; uropod 2 inner ramus 1.3x outer; peduncle of uropod 3 0.27x length of outer ramus (longer than in type; 0.14x), second article of outer ramus relatively longer than in type (90:102). Relationship. Nedsia straskraba varies from N. douglasi in that pleonites lack dorsal spines, the second peduncular article of the first antenna is relatively shorter, the maIldibular palp is similar being 2-articulate, with reduced terminal setation, the inner plate of the second maxilla has fewer medial setae, coxae 1-2 are longer than broad versus broader than long, the palmar spines of the first gnathopod are apically dentate, not asymmetrically bifid, there are no setae along the palm and the inner edge is finely serrate, the second gnathopod is weakly enlarged, melitid, the carpus less lobate, the palm more strongly oblique with few spines or setae and palmar corner poorly defined, the fifth and sixth coxal gills are reduced slightly compared with N. douglasi. The principle feature separating this species from all but N. fragilis and N. humphreysi is the absence of marginal pubescence on both plates of the second maxilla, and from N. macrosculptilis, N. sculptilis, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi the absence of dorsal spines or sculpturing of the pleon and of facial spines on the epimera. Nedsia straskraba is unlike N. fragilis in that the palmar corner of the gnathopod 1 is subquadrate and unlike N. hurlberti in lacking a spine-like extension of the first urosomite. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia., Published as part of Bradbury, J. H. & Williams, W. D., 1996, Freshwater amphipods from Barrow Island, Western Australia, pp. 33-74 in Records of the Australian Museum 48 (1) on pages 37-43, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.48.1996.280, http://zenodo.org/record/4654847

Family Melitidae Barnard & Williams (1995) assigned Nedsia to the family Melitidae, within the hadzioid superfamily. The hadziid/melitid group is complex and not clearly defined. Holsinger (1994) groups Melitidae within the Hadziidae, pointing to "considerable taxonomic instability within this group, much of which has apparently resulted from rampant parallelism and excessive homoplasy." We do not wish to add to the confusion over affinities within this group, so accept Barnard & Williams (1995) placement for the present. The genus displays similarities to eriopisids (Karaman, 1984), particularly in the presence of an elongate second article of the outer ramus of the third uropod, which is uncommon, but does occur elsewhere, for example, in Pseudoniphargus adriaticus Karaman, 1955 and Niphargus longicaudatus Costa, 1851. Unlike Eriopisa or Psammogammarus, however, the anterior coxae of Nedsia are not significantly reduced, nor is the female second gnathopod hadziid, or the first gnathopod ceradocid as in Psammogammarus. Moreover, the mandibular palp is reduced to two articles, although the terminal article is linear as in eriopisids, rather than falcate with distinct D- and E-setae as in Hadzia.

Nedsia hurlberti n.sp. Figs 6-8 Etymology. Named for S.H. Hurlbert, noted biostatistician and salt lake limnologist. Type locality. Western Australia, Barrow Island, Western Australian Museum, Western Australian Museum sample site BES545. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 2-96) female 4.5 mm, unique specimen. Diagnosis. Pleonite 6: small dorsal spines, displaced laterally. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles 45:40:15. Second antenna: very short. Upper lip: symmetrical, not excavate. Mandible: palp 2-articulate, article-l not setose, article-2 linear, setae = 2E; plumose interraker setae present between each main raker; no additional serrations beyond rakers. Maxillae: well setose medially. First maxilla: inner plate with 7 plumose medial setae; palps symmetric with 7 thin apical spines. Second maxilla: inner plate wi~h a row of medial setae barely extending onto face aplcally, no other medial setae. Maxilliped: outer plate large, with 2 stout plumose setae distally and a single naked toothspine; paired submarginal medial setae of the outer plate blunt, apically curved; palp articles 2-3 with single lateral setae, article-3 naked basally, moderately setose distally, with rows of short setae adjacent the base of the dactyl, the apex not produced. Coxae: coxae 1-4 lacking posterior spines. First gnathopod: palm slightly oblique, palmar spines apically dentate. Second gnathopod: defining corner with 2 spines. Epimera: without setae, each with some facial spines adjacent ventral and posterior margins. Pleopods: peduncles of pleopods 1-2 without setae, of pleopod 3 with 2 lateral setae; basomedial setae of inner rami bifid, no accessory retinaculae. Telson: cleft 100%. Description of holotype (female). Body 4.5 mm. Head (Fig. 6): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 6): length 0.5x body (broken at article- 17), longer than antenna-2, flagellum much longer than peduncle; peduncle article-l longest, 3 shortest, setae sparse; flagellum of many articles (17+), without calceoli or aesthetascs; accessory flagellum of 2 articles, article-2 tiny, extending to MO.7 of article- 1 of the primary flagellum; articles of primary flagellum variable in length. Second antenna (Fig. 6): short, length 0.27x body; peduncle very much longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, articles 3- 5 with weak ventral setation of 0-2-7 naked setae and 1-2-1 plumose setae, article-3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 4-articulate, without ca1ceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 6): without excavation of the apical margin, connection to the epistome symmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 6): palp article-l shorter than 2 (11:35), setae of article-2 = 2E: incisor 4 toothed; 4 setose accessory blades; lacinia mobilis bearing a row of short facial setae; plumose setae lying between each raker extend to the base of the molar; molar lacking distal plumose seta, without pubescence. Right mandible: incisor 5 toothed; lacinia mobilis 4 toothed and bearing facial setae; accessory blades of 5 plumose spines. Maxillae (Fig. 6): first maxilla palps of both sides bearing 7 thin apical and subapical spines; outer plate with 7 denticulate spines, the inner plate 7 medial setae; second maxilla, medial and apicomedial margin of both plates pubescent as is basomedial margin of inner plate. Maxilliped (Fig. 6): palp article-3 with moderate setae on the inner edge, dactyl bearing a row of midfacial setae and terminal accessory spine slightly longer than the nail. First gnathopod (Fig. 7): coxal plate bearing 4 short setae apically, without posteroventral spines; article-4 posteriorly bulbous and facially pubescent; carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding slightly apically, longer than wide, the posterior edge naked, corner of the palm almost square marked laterally by 2 moderate unarmed spines and 1 long trigger spine, and medially by 4 stout trigger spines, palm convex, dactylus reaching the palmar corner, bearing 3 small spines submarginal to the inner edge. Second gnathopod (Fig. 7): coxal plate broader than coxa 1, poorly setose, with 3 anterior setae; propodus 2x that of gnathopod 1, palm bearing 5 lateral trigger spines, single unarmed distal spine, single medial trigger spine at MO.5 and a single long seta at MO.2 from the palmar corner; the palmar edge is finely serrated, the corner defined by a single long slender trigger spine, 1 long, stout trigger spine and 2 long setae. Pereopods (Fig. 7): coxa 3 slightly larger than coxa 2, coxa 4 more irregular, both with similar setae = 3 anterior, none posterior, coxae 5- 7 with few setae on the ventral margin of posterior lobes (0-0-2); pereopods 3-7 longer than gnathopod 2, progressively elongate; pereopods 3-4 posterior armament formula of article-6 = S-S-S-S and S-2S­ S-S, thus both with a single locking spine; pereopods 5-7 each with 2 locking spines; article-6 of pereopod 7 without posterior keel like expansion; article-2 of pereopods 5-7 expanded, but not posteroventrally lobate, bearing small trigger spines; pereopods 3-7 dactyls simple, naked, with an outer basal penicillate setule and a short subterminal seta. Gills: flask shaped gills on coxae 2-6; gill of coxa 6 not reduced. Oostegites: thin, strap like and poorly setose, present on coxae 2-5. Pleopods (Fig. 8): 2 retinaculae per pleopod, without accessory retinaculae, peduncle 3 only bearing a single apicolateral seta, rami extending subequally, the inner rami bearing 9-9-8 articles, the outer 9-9-6; basal article setae of rami 1-2 = 1-1- 1-1, of which the inner seta is bifid on each. Epimera (Fig. 8): epimera 1-2 posteroventrally curved; epimeron 3 subquadrate, the posteroventral corners with 1-1- 2 setae; posterior margins smooth, barely setulose, ventrofacial spines present as 1-4-6. Pleon (Fig. 8): pleonite 3 with a tiny posterior dorsal seta, pleonite 6 with 2 distolateral and 2 distoventral spines; uropod 3 strongly extended beyond uropods 1-2 in entire animal. Uropod: lengths relative to uropod 1 = uropod 2 0.6x, (uropod 3 1.3x). Urosome (Fig. 8): ventrodistal spine at base of uropod 1 on urosomite 1 absent, although urosomite 1 extended ventrodistally in a spine like projection. Uropods (Fig. 8): uropod 1 peduncle length equal to medial ramus, the outer margin bearing a single apicodistal spine and row of 4 dorsal spines, the medial margin 2 apical spines; rami subequal, both with 2 sparse rows of marginal spines, spines of the apex = 4 and 5; uropod 2 peduncle 0.9x length of outer ramus, bearing, as well as 2 apicolateral spines, single lateral and dorsal subapical spines, 1 dorsolateral spine at MO.7, 1 lateral spine at MO.5 and 1 mid-apical dorsal spine; no apical spines of the medial margin; (outer ramus shorter than inner) (both) with 2 rows of marginal spines of the form 5-1,(1-3), spines of the apex = (4)-5; uropod 3 (lost; similar to others of genus i.e. peduncle much shorter than outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta, an apicolateral cluster of 5 spines, the outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine/seta ranks, article-2 shorter but similarly armed; inner ramus much shorter than outer (OAx) with a single apical spine). Telson (Fig. 8): 1.3x longer than broad, shorter than urosomite 3 (0.75x); cleft 100% of length; apices barely notched, 2 long penicillate setules and 1 shorter naked seta subapically, dorsal setae at MO.5 and MO.8, single medial seta at MO.6, and a single penicillate setule dorsolateral at MO.6. Relationship. Nedsia hurlberti varies from N. douglasi in the shorter relative length of the first antenna and the variable length of the articles of the primary flagellum, no excavation or asymmetry of the upper lip, reduced dentition of the left mandibular incisor, inner plate of the first maxilla with an extra seta, the inner plate of the second maxilla apically pubescent, palp and dactyl of maxilliped more spinose, as are the propodus and dactyl of the gnathopods, absence of a posterior keel like extension of the sixth article of the seventh pereopod, the posterior margins of the epimera sinuous and epimeron 2 bearing an additional ventral seta, pleopods bearing an accessory retinaculum, the telson longer and more slender. Nedsia hurlberti differs from N. straskraba, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi in that the margins of both plates of the second maxilla bear pubescence, from N. macrosculptilis and N. sculptilis in that the pleon is not sculpted, nor the epimera bearing facial spines, and from N. urifimbriata in the presence of few ventrofacial spines on the second and third epimera, a spine like extension of the first urosome at the base of the first uropod, less than six articles of the pleopodal rami, and in the absence of organised comb rows of setae at the base of the dactylus of the maxillipedal palp. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia.

Nedsia straskraba n.sp. Figs 3-5 Etymology. Named for Milan Straskraba, noted limnologist and early contributor to our knowledge of the taxonomy of Australian freshwater amphipods. Type locality. Barrow Island, Western Australia, Western Australian Museum sample BES531. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum WAM 1-96) male "a", 3 mm; male "b", 2.5 mm (collected at same site, at different date. Western Australian Museum sample BES539). Diagnosis. Pleonite 6 without dorsal spines. First antenna: ratio of peduncular articles about 3:2:1. Second antenna: very short. Upper lip: margin not excavate; apically rounded and pilose. Mandibles: mandibular palp 2-articulate, article-2 cone like, setae 2E or 2D2E; interraker plumose setae absent; no additional serrations beyond rakers. Maxillae: moderately setose medially: first maxilla inner plate with 4 mediodistal setae; palps almost syrmnetric. Maxilliped: inner plate moderately long, no additional setae (plumose or naked) medially; outer plate with a blunt, naked tooth spine medially, the second pair of submarginal facial setae reduced to a single seta; palp article-3 lacking comb rows of setae near the base of the dactyl, facial comb row of setae from dactylar base to nail, nail of moderate length with similar length distal spine. Coxae: coxa 1 not expanded below; coxae 1-2 longer than broad with 1-3 posterior spines respectively; coxae 3-4 lacking posterior spines. First gnathopod: palmar spines evenly bifid; spines at corner of palm = lateral 2 long, medial 2 stout and bifid; setae along palm sparse; cutting edge of palm with many fine serrations. Second gnathopod: carpus only slightly lobate; defining corner of palm with 2 spines. Pereopods: posterior spine sets of article-6 of pereopods 3-4 reduced TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO to2spines on pereopod3. Gills: °coxal gills5 -6 slightly extending subequally; basomedial seta on inner rami not bifid; retinaculae 2 on each pleopod, accessory retinaculae 1,0,1. Uropods: apicolateral corner of peduncles of uropods 1-2 each with 1 spine; dorsal margins of uropod 2 naked; spine rows of rami of uropods 1-2 reduced to 1 (uropod 1) and 2 (uropod 2) medial spines. Telson: cleft 100%. Description of holotype (male "a"). Body (Fig. 3) 2.7 mm Urosome: poorly armed dorsally. Head: rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 3): length 0.9x body, 3.2x antenna-2; flagellum longer than peduncle (470:188); peduncular article-3 shortest, article-1 longest, ratio of lengths = 88:68:32; setae sparse; aesthetascs present on articles 8, 9, 11, 12, 14; calceoli absent; flagellum of 18 articles; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, reaching MO.7 of article-1 of primary flagellum, article- 2 tiny; articles of primary flagellum not uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 3): length 0.28x body (206:745); peduncle much longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, 3-5 with weak ventral setation, article-3 with 1 dorsomedial spine; flagellum 4-articulate, no calceoli. Upper lip: margin not excavate. Mandibles (Fig. 3): left mandibular palp 2-articulate, articles unequal in length (17:10), article-2 with 2 long apical setae (2E) and 2 short setae (2D); incisor 5 toothed; lacinia mobilis with 4 denticles; 5 setose accessory blades; molar without distal plumose seta (probably lost by damage to specimen), triturative; no other pubescence; right mandibular incisor 4 toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, broad, finely denticulate; accessory blades of 5 plumose spines; palp 2-articulate, length ratio of articles 17:10. First maxilla (Fig. 3): palp article-2 with 5 thin apical spines, all naked on R, one plumose on left side; outer plate of left with 7 denticulate spines, of right with 6; inner plate bearing 4 terminal plumose setae medially, medial margin pubescent. Second maxilla (Fig. 3): outer plate devoid of pubescence; inner plate pubescent on basomedial margin. Maxilliped (Fig. 3): nail of palp short (11:32 of dactyl), article-3 with few thin setae at inner edge, none proximal; inner plate with single ventrofacial spine and short spur at MO.5 and 0.6, and a single submarginal medial naked spine at MO.8. First gnathopod (Fig. 4): coxal plate with several short setae apically and one posteroventrally; article-4 slightly bulbous posteriorly, carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding slightly apically, longer than wide, the posterior edge naked, corner of palm rounded, 2 long, naked lateral spines, 2 stout bifid spines medially, palm slightly convex, dactyl reaching beyond the palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 4): palm with 2 medial and 2 lateral spines, all but the corner spines being bifid, and 2 long and 1 medium setae; spines at palmar corner = 1 medial and 1 lateral (naked); coxal plate similar to first with 1 anterior and 3 posterior setae. Pereopods (Fig. 4): coxa 3 with setae similar to coxa 1, arranged 1 anterior, 1 posterior; coxa 4 similar, both setae anterior; pereopods 3-(4) longer than gnathopod 2; pereopods 3-5 approximately equal, articles 4,5 sparsely setose posteriorly, the posterior margin of article-6 (pereopod 3 only) with armament formula = ---1--1, thus with only one locking spine; pereopods 5- 7 similar but consecutively elongate, with 1,2,1 locking spines; pereopod 7 anterior spines of articles 5 and 6 displaced inward by keel-like expansion of the segment; coxae 5-7 bearing 0,0,1 setae on posterior lobes, article- 2 weakly expanded progressively from pereopods 5-7, not lobate, but extended posteriorly and bearing few setae on pereopod5, becoming increasingly robust in pereopods 6 and 7; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple, naked except for an anterior basal penicillate setule, with the addition of an outer terminal setule on pereopod 7. Gills: coxae 2-6 with flask shaped gills, gill of coxa 3 largest, of coxae 5-6 slightly reduced. Pleopods (Fig. 5): retinaculae 2 per pleopod, one accessory each; peduncles 1 and 3 with an apicolateral seta, 2 without; rami extending subequally, the inner with 5:5:5 articles, the outer with 6:6:5; no bifid setae on basal articles. Epimera (Fig. 5): epimera posteroventrally quadrate; posterior margins scarcely convex on 1-2, concave on epimeron 3, all smooth, with few or no setae; epimera 2-3 with 2 and 1 weak ventral spines, lacking lateral oblique ridge. Pleon (Fig. 5): pleonites 1-4 with dorsolateral posterior setae; pleonite 6 with 1 dorsolateral and 1 distoventral spinule. Uropods (Fig. 5): uropod lengths relative to uropod 1 are uropod 2 = 0.6x, uropod 3 = 1.5x; uropod 1 peduncle length 1.3x inner ramus, the outer margin bearing a single apicodistal spine and reduced row of 2 mid-dorsal spines, the medial apex bearing 2 spines; rami of subequal length (inner outer = 62:54), both naked except for a single mid-dorsal spine on the inner ramus; both rami with 5 terminal spines; uropod 2 peduncle length 0.9x inner ramus, bearing a single apicolateral spine only; inner ramus length lAx outer, the medial margin bearing 2 spines only, 5 terminal spines; outer ramus shorter, devoid of any but 5 terminal spines; uropod 3 strongly extended beyond uropods 1-2 in entire animal; peduncle length 0.14x outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3 (25:50), bearing single mid-dorsal and laterodistal marginal setae, 1 subapical lateral seta, and 1 small mid-medial submarginal, facial seta; outer ramus proximal article with few marginal setae, 2 apicomedial setae, 3 apicolateral setae and I subapical submarginal lateral seta, article-2 shorter (80:100), similarly armed, terminating in a cluster of 5 spines; inner ramus scale like, subquadrate, length O.13x outer, bearing a single apicomedial spine. Telson (Fig. 5): length 1.5x width, widest at base, subequal in length to urosomite 3 (45:50), cleft 100%; apices slightly notched laterally female), apex of right lobe notched minutely medially; subapices with 2 long plumose setae, 1 submarginal medial seta and 1 lateral seta at MO.8, no other dorsal setae except for single penicillate setules on both lobes laterally at MO.7. Description of other material. Specimen "b", male, length 2.5 mm. Pleonite 6 with a single dorsolateral spine. First antenna: flagellum of 20 articles, aesthetascs present on articles 8,9,10,12,13,14,16. Mandibles: 牾瑩漠 of length of palp articles 1-2 = 15:12; setae of termmal article = 2E; interraker plumose setae present between accessory blades. Left mandible: palp article-2 shorter than in type; 15:12, setae = 2E; distal plumose seta present on both molars. Maxillae: spines of pal~ of left first maxilla not plumose Maxilliped: palp artlcle- 3 with rows of setae basal to dactyl; nail of dactyl short. First gnathopod: coxal plate without posteroventral seta. Pleopods: accessory spines adjacent to retinaculae = 1,0,0. accessory spine present adjacent retinacula of pleopod 1 only. Uropod: lengths relative to uropod 1; uropod 2 0.7x, uropod 3 2x; peduncle of uropod 1 1.9x length of inner ramus, of uropod 2 equal to ramus; uropod 2 inner ramus 1.3x outer; peduncle of uropod 3 0.27x length of outer ramus (longer than in type; 0.14x), second article of outer ramus relatively longer than in type (90:102). Relationship. Nedsia straskraba varies from N. douglasi in that pleonites lack dorsal spines, the second peduncular article of the first antenna is relatively shorter, the maIldibular palp is similar being 2-articulate, with reduced terminal setation, the inner plate of the second maxilla has fewer medial setae, coxae 1-2 are longer than broad versus broader than long, the palmar spines of the first gnathopod are apically dentate, not asymmetrically bifid, there are no setae along the palm and the inner edge is finely serrate, the second gnathopod is weakly enlarged, melitid, the carpus less lobate, the palm more strongly oblique with few spines or setae and palmar corner poorly defined, the fifth and sixth coxal gills are reduced slightly compared with N. douglasi. The principle feature separating this species from all but N. fragilis and N. humphreysi is the absence of marginal pubescence on both plates of the second maxilla, and from N. macrosculptilis, N. sculptilis, N. fragilis and N. humphreysi the absence of dorsal spines or sculpturing of the pleon and of facial spines on the epimera. Nedsia straskraba is unlike N. fragilis in that the palmar corner of the gnathopod 1 is subquadrate and unlike N. hurlberti in lacking a spine-like extension of the first urosomite. Distribution. Barrow Island, Western Australia.

Austrogammarus telsosetosus n.sp. Figs 1 - 4 Etymology. Named for the basalwards extension of setae on the telson. Type locality. Creek flowing into Lake Bonney, South Australia, beyond wood plant effluent outflow. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44058), female "q" 9.76 mm, in type series collected 21 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 967 "1: 280, 000 329 390". ALLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44059) same sample, male "s" 7.42 mm. Other measured specimens, female "r" (P44060) 9.00 mm and male "t" (P44061) 7.70 mm. Five other specimens (P44062) in same sample. Tributary of Eight Mile Creek, South Australia, 22 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 969 "1: 50, 000 824 900," juvenile "w" (P44063) 4.95 mm, female "v" 10.70 mm and 5 other specimens. Cress Creek, at Port MacDonnell, South Australia, 22 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 971, male "u" (P44064) 5.91 mm. Other material: Eight Mile Creek, South Australia, January 1980, Keith F. Walker collector, 9 specimens (P44065). Diagnosis. Flagellum of antenna 2 poorly setose and bearing calceoli in male. Coxae 1-4 weakly to not setose ventrally, coxa 4 lacking ventral setae, only with posteroventral setae and several anteroventral setae, coxae 1- 3 with several posterior spines. Coxa 4 with posteroventral lobe unusually weak. Gnathopods dimorphic between the sexes, palmar corners in male not bent outward, with 10 spines. Posterior spines on article 6 of pereopods 3-4 in single sets, without group of setae placed between spine sets 1 and 2, formula thus 2-2-3-2-2-1 (all spines) and 2-4-3-4-3; lateral spine formulae on article 5 of pereopods 3 and 4 = 3-1-2-1 and 4-4-4- 1; article 2 of pereopods 5- 7 with short setae; setae of articles 4-6 of pereopods 5-7 short and of low density; article 4 of only pereopod 7 short. Epimeron 1 without anteroventral setae. Urosomal setation dorsally short and stiff; pleonites 4-5 with 4+ dorsolateral spines on each side, with one or two additional dorsomedial sets of 1- 2 spines, pleonite 6 with 2-4 spines on each side, formulae from medial to lateral on one side only, pleonite 4 = 1-2-4 or 1-1-5, pleonite 5 = 0-2-4, pleonite 6 = 0-2 or 0-4, often with incipiently thickened small spinules in middle of segment; none of uropods 1-2 with setae on peduncles and inner rami, apicolateral corner of peduncle on uropod 1 with 2 spines only, on uropod 2 with 2 spines only, medial spines on peduncle of uropod 1 (distal to proximal = 1-1-1-1), setae in same sets = 0, on uropod 2 = 1-1-1-1 and 0; uropod 3 strongly setose, inner ramus reaching to about M. 33 in female and M. 60 in male on outer ramus, with one subapical spine in female only, apex with many setae and 2 long hooked spines in male placed towards medial side, with 2 widely separated spines in female, medial margin with setae in tandem, lateral margin with setae in male, with spine in female; article 1 on outer ramus with spine sets laterally and medially mixed with setae arranged in clusters, article 2 small, with short apical setae. Telson fully cleft, lobes separable, spinose and setose, setae extending more basalwards than in A. muitispinatus. Description of holotype (female "q"). Body (Figs 3, 4): p1eon dorsally setose, setation dense and transverse on pleonites 1 -3, setae very short and confined to margins of segments, pleonites 4-6 with spine-seta rows weakly ranked longitudinally but generally in transverse band; length, 9.76 mm. Head (Fig. 1): eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 1): length 0.57 ofbody, 1.3 second antenna, flagellum much longer than peduncle, setae sparse; accessory flagellum 6-7 articulate, reaching past article 7 of primary flagellum. Second antenna (Fig. 1): length 0.40 body; peduncle as long as flagellum, articles 4 and 5 equal in length, articles 3, 4 and 5 with weak ventral setation; flagellum 21 articulate, setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Left mandible: setae of palp article 3 = 4, 2A, 3, 5B, many D, 2E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4- toothed, 6 setose accessory blades; molar (Fig. 1) with short setose spines. Right mandible (Fig. 1): incisor 4- toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, denticulate: accessory blades of 3 setose spines and vestigial fourth; molar with short plumose seta. Left first maxilla (Fig. 1): palp article 2 with 11 thin apical spines and 4 scarcely subterminal facial setae; inner plate with 13 widely spread medial setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 1): pa1p article 2 with 8 thick apical spines articulated to segment and one articulate apicolateral spine. Second maxilla (Fig. 1): outer margin of outer plate with one short seta: inner margin of inner plate with strongly submarginal row of many setae. First gnathopod (Fig. 2): coxal plate sparsely setose marginally, posterior margin with 4 (aberrantly 7) spines; carpus weakly elongate, unlobed; propodus rectangular, longer than wide, posterolateral angle ordinary, palm oblique, curved. Second gnathopod (Fig. 2): slightly longer and thinner than first gnathopod, carpus elongate; coxal plate with 6 posterior spines. Pereopods (Figs 1, 2, 4): coxa 3 with 5 posterior spines, coxa 4 lacking setae below and lacking posterior spines, deeply emarginate, but posterior lobe not as long as in A. multispinatus; pereopods 3-4 not longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 longer than 4, article 4 moderately setose posteriorly. Epimera (Fig. 3): all epimera with small posteroventral tooth, each with short posterior setules, epimera I, 2 and 3 with I, 6 and 7 ventrofacial spines. Uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.60, 3 = 0.73. Pleopods}-3: peduncular setae = successively: 9 apicolateral; 8 apicolateral, 6-4-2 lateral, 4 basomedial; 5 apicolateral, 4-6 basolateral, 4 basomedial; coupling hooks = 2, accessory spines = 2; articles of outer rami = 20-20-19, of inner rami = 17-17-16, setae of basal article for each ramus laterally to medially = 7-2-3-8, 5-3-2-7 and 4-1-1-7. First uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle length 1.2 x length of rami. Second uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle 1.2 inner rami. Third uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle length 0.37 outer ramus, about same length as urosomite 3; proximal article with 6 medial and 6 lateral transverse spine-setae; inner ramus length 0.33 of outer. Telson (Fig. 4): about as long as urosomite 3; fully cleft; apices strongly setose, dorsum of each lobe with one spine and numerous setae, several of these basal and basolateral setae extending to M.40. Description of other material. Specimen "t" (Figs 1 - 4): male: length 7.70 mm; like female but article 5 of antenna 2 (Fig. I) with 4 calceoli, basal articles past article 1 of flagellum each with calceolus (antennae of available males otherwise broken). Propodi of gnathopods (Fig. 2) expanded, carpi shortened, medial defining spines of palm 4, lateral 6. Coxa 4 (Fig. 2) more strongly produced but not as strongly as in A. multispinatus. Peduncle of uropod 3 (Fig. 4) with 3 apicolateral spines (only 2 showing in figure), with 6 ventral spines (not shown); inner ramus reaching to M.60 on outer ramus, apex with 2 hooked spines, medial margin widely setose, article 1 of outer ramus with number of spine-setal ranks much reduced (but body length of male much shorter than in female), medial base more widely setose. Five lateral setae (or setal positions, one positions with 2 setae) on each side. Specimen "r": female; 9.00 mm; spines on article 5 on pereopod 3 = 5-1-1, on pereopod 4 = 5-1-2-1-0 (last position bearing seta only); total spines on left article 2 of pereopod 3 (proximal to distal) = 2-2-2-2-2, on right pereopod 3 = 1-2-2-1-2, on left pereopod 4 = 2- 2-3-3-2. Specimen "v": female, 10.70 mm, spines on one side of pleonites 4-6 = 5-4-3. Specimen "u": male, 5.91 mm, coxa 4 illustrated for varietal shape. Specimen "w": juvenile, 4.95 mm, urosome (Fig. 3) spine counts on one side of urosomites 4-6 = 2-2-2 or 3-4-2 (variable). Illustrations. The lower lip and maxilliped are like A. australis but the maxilliped is even more setose and spinose. Relationship. Differing only slightly from A. multispinatus and perhaps a subspecies of it. The two taxa are separated by a distance of 800 km. Austrogammarus telsosetosus differs fromA. multispinatus in the slightly larger count of dorsal spines on the pleonites in adults, the basalwards extension of setation on the telson and the slightly shorter lobe on coxa 4. Distribution. South-eastern South Australia just west of border with Victoria, streams (blind, therefore possibly hypogean, living as epigeans only in vicinity of emergent springs).

Toulrabia willsi n.sp. Figs 5- 7 Etymology. Named for the explorer William John Wills, 1834-1861. Type locality. Stream on Mount Toulrab, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 15-19), female "a" 6.14 mm, in type series collected 22 December 1965 by D.H.D. Edward. Other material examined (PARATYPES), female "b" 5.64 mm. Six other female specimens in same sample. Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "a"). Body (Fig. 5): urosome poorly armed dorsally; length, up to 6.14 mm. Head (Fig. 5): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 5): length 0.66 ofbody, 2.1 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, flagellum with 23 articles, no calceoli, no aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, articles of primary flagellum uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 5): length 0.33 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with moderate ventral setation, article 3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 7-articulate, moderately setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 5): apical margin evenly rounded but connection to epistome and epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 5): palp article 3 shorter than 2, article 2 with 6 medial marginal setae, article 3 with 4C, 14D, 3E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 4 setose accessory blades; molar bearing distal plumose seta, several penicillate hooked brushy basal setae, other pubescence, and pair of immensely setulate chisel spines. Right mandible (Fig. 5): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, very broad, each flake denticulate; accessory blades of 2 plumose spines. Rightfirst maxilla (Fig. 6): palp article 2 with 7 thin apical spines, outer plate with 9 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 2 apicomedial setae. Left first maxilla (Fig. 5): palp article 2 with 5 thick apical spines mostly fused to segment, one apicolateral thin spine and one subterminal apicolateral facial seta. Second maxilla (Fig. 6): outer plate outer apical margin with 1 small spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate lacking setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 7): palp article 3 with ranks of thin setae on inner edge; inner plate (Fig. 5) with 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 6): coxal plate with short setae apically, without posteroventral spine; article 4 without posterior hump, carpus weakly lobate; propodus subrectangular, longer than wide, posterior edge widely setose, posterolateral angle rounded, with 1 medial and 2 lateral spines, no lateral spine elongate, palm slightly oblique, convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Figs 6, 7): similar; palmar corner with 2 lateral and 1 medial spines, coxal plate similarly setose. Pereopods (Figs 6, 7): coxa 3 with similar setae, coxa 4 emarginate, with similar setae; pereopods 3-4 slightly longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 scarcely longer than 4, article 4 sparsely setose posteriorly, article 5 poorly spinose posteriorly, posterior spine formula = EEEE-EEE, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3- 4 with spine formula of ES-ES-ES-ES-SS and EES-ESES-SS; pereopods 5-7 similar, each with 4 locking spines; coxae 5-7 bearing few setae on ventral margin of posterior lobes, article 2 weakly expanded and lobate posteroventrally, lobe obsolescent on pereopod 7, bearing thin medium to short posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3- 7 with accessory spine formula of 1-1-3-5-4. Gills of coxae 2-6 sausage shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Oostegites (Fig. 7) lacking setae except for tiny apicomarginal pits. SternaI (gills) processes: segments 6-7 with sausageshaped sternal gills in formula of (on one side) 2-1, gills attached to front of lateral edge of segment, pair of gills on sternite 6 arranged transversely, lateralmost gill shorter. Epimera (Fig. 7): each epimeron posteroventrally quadrate, posterior margins scarcely convex, smooth and setulose, each epimeron with 3 ventral spines and lateral oblique ridge. Pleon: each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1-6 with following setal-spine formula (s=side, t=top): 1 = Es, 2 = Es, 3 = Es, 4 = Es, 5 = 0, 6 = EtSs; uropod 3 (Fig. 5) not extending beyond uropods I and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.66, 3 = 0.50. Pleopods (for specimen "b"): retinacula 2 per pleopod, one accessory; peduncles each with 5+2, 6+2+2+2, and 4+2 setae, rami extending equally, outer with 8-7-6 articles, inner with 5-5-5 articles, setae on basal articles 7-1-1-3, 5-1- 1-2, 3-2-1-2, none bifid. First uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle length 1.3 rami; outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 5 dorsal spines, with 3 medial spines; rami of subequal length, both rami with 1 row of marginal spines. Second uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle about 1.0 x length of inner ramus, with 3 apicodorsal spines, 2 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with 3 spines, basalmost small; outer ramus subequal to inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 3-2, apices of rami on uropods 1- 2 with 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle length 0.80 outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta besides apical cluster of 3 spines; outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine ranks, article 2 absent; inner ramus length 0.40 of outer, with 1 apical spine. Telson (Fig. 7): broader than long, shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 60 percent of its length; apices each with 3 spines in facial notches, 1 apicolateral setule, each lobe with pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.60. Distribution. Western Australia, Stirling Ranges.

Nedsia n.gen. Etymology. Named for the type locality.

Nedsia douglasi n.sp. Figs 24-26 Etymology. Named for the collector of the material. Type locality. Ned's Well, Yardie Creek, North West Cape, Western Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 7-64), female "g" 4.77 mm, in the type series collected August 1963, A.M. Douglas collector. Other material from type series (PARATYPES), female "h" 5.08 mm, female "i" 4.38 mm and 26 other specimens (no males). Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "g"). Body (Fig. 24): urosome poorly armed dorsally; length, 4.74 mm. Head (Fig. 24): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 24): length about 0.6 of body (broken), 2.4 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, flagellum with many articles, no calceoli, no aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, second article tiny, articles of primary flagellum uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 24): length 0.25 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, articles 3, 4 and 5 with weak ventral setation, article 3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 4-articulate, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 24): apical margin excavate, connection to epistome and bulbous epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 24): palp article I shorter than 2, article 2 with 2 apical setae; incisor 5- toothed, lacinia mobilis 5-toothed, 4 setose accessory blades; molar lacking distal plumose seta, no other pubescence. Right mandible: incisor 5-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, slender, each flake denticulate; accessory blades of 4 scarcely plumose spines. Right and leftfirst maxillae (Fig. 24): palp article 2 with 7 thin apical and subapical spines, outer plate with 7 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 6 medial setae. Second maxilla (Fig. 24): outer plate outer apical margin with pubescence, basomedial margin of inner plate with pubescence. Maxilliped (Fig. 24): palp article 3 with pair of thin setae on inner edge; inner plate with 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Figs 25, 26): coxal plate with short setae apically, without posteroventral spine; article 4 posteriorly bulbous; carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding apically, longer than wide, posterior edge almost naked, corner of palm almost square, with 3 lateral setae and 4 medial spines, palm slightly convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Palm of second gnathopod (Fig. 26): with 4 lateral and 4 medial spines, spine at palmar corner medial, coxal plate broader and poorly setose. Pereopods (Figs 24-26): coxa 3 with similar setae, coxa 4 more irregular, with similar setae; pereopods 3- 4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 not longer than 4, articles 4-5 sparsely setose posteriorly, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3-4 with armament formula of ES-ES-S-S, thus with only one locking spine; pereopods 5-7 similar but consecutively elongate, each with 2 locking spines; anterior spines on pereopod 7 article 6 displaced inward by keel-like expansion of segment; coxae 5- 7 bearing few setae on ventral margin of posterior lobes, article 2 moderately expanded and not lobate but extended posteriorly, bearing thin short posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple, naked except for outer basal penicillate setule. Gills of coxae 2- 6 flask-shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Oostegites strap-shaped, poorly setose. Epimera (Fig. 26): each epimeron posteroventrally quadrate (softly), posterior margins scarcely convex, smooth and barely setulose, epimera 1- 3 with 1-3-6 ventrofacial spines, lacking lateral oblique ridge. Pleon (Figs 24, 26): only pleonites 2 and 5 with dorsolateral posterior seta, pleonite 6 with 2 dorsolateral and 2 distoventral spinules; uropod 3 extending well beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.5, 3 = 1.33. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, one accessory: peduncles each with 1 apicolateral seta, rami extending subequally, outer with 10-9-8 articles, inner with 10-9-8 articles, setae on basal articles = 1-1-1-1 for all rami, none bifid. First uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle length 1.3 rami, 1 basofacial spine, outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 3 dorsal spines, with 2 apicomedial spines: rami of subequal length, both rami with 2 sparsely filled rows of marginal spines. Second uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle about 1.1 length of inner ramus, with 2 apicodorsal spines, 2 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with 2 apical spines: outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 1-1 and 1-3, apices of rami on uropods 1-2 with 4 -6 and 4- 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle length 0.28 outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta besides apicolateral cluster of 5 spines; outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine-setal ranks, article 2 shorter but similarly armed; inner ramus length 0.12 of outer, with 2 apical spines, left uropod 3 regenerant. Telson (Fig. 26): 1.2 as long as wide, as long as urosomite 3; cleft 100 percent of its length; apices minutely notched, subapices each with 3 long setae, 3 other dorsal setae and 2 lateral setae on each lobe, each lobe with single penicillate setule dorsolaterally at M.60. Description of other material. Specimen "h": female, length 5.08 mm. Mandibular palps (Fig. 24) with 2- 3 apical setae on article 2. Telson less setose apically than holotype. Specimen "i": female, length 4.38 mm. Head, right lacinia mobilis and mandibular palp illustrated (Fig. 24). Distribution. Western Australia, North West Cape, in well., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 199-201, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Uroctena setosa Nicholls Figs 14-17 Uroctena setosa Nicholls, 1926: 107-108, pI. 12, figs 1- 6, pI. 13, figs 7-9.-? Straskraba, 1964: 128- 130, figs 4-5.­ Williams & Barnard, 1988: 100-103, figs 58, 59. As previously indicated (Williams & Barnard, 1988: 100), we do not accept Straskraba's (1964) amplified description of this species; his amplification was not based on material from the type locality and he provided no evidence that the material he described did in fact agree with the material described by Nicholls (1926). Our own previous redescription was based on the text and drawings of Nicholls (1926) and we reserved judgement on whether material in the Western Australian Museum (WAM 478-86 [1 slide], 481 -86 [3 slides], all in poor condition) represents type material. We still do. Our description, in the circumstances, was less than complete and contained many indications of where further information was required. We have now been able to procure additional material from the Western Australian Museum from the Nicholls collection. This is in good condition and we judge it to be conspecific with the taxon described by Nicholls (1926) as U setosa. Its description enables us to clarify many points of uncertainty. Material examined. WAM 93-74, "From either Kalamunda Mundaring Swan R or Moora Prof Nicholls coIl, n", 11 specimens, including male "c", 7.59 mm (illustrated), female "d", 5.50 mm (illustrated), male "e", 3.91 mm and male "f", 3.37 mm. Description (male "c"). Body: urosome well armed dorsally; length, 7.59 mm. Head (Fig. 14): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 14): length 0.40 of body, 1.1 length of second antenna; peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse; flagellum 1.4 as long as peduncle, poorly setose, primary flagellum with 18 articles, accessory flagellum 4-articulate, reaching to article 5 of main flagellum. Second antenna (Fig. 14); length 0.37 body, almost pediform; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 scarcely longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with dense ventral setation; flagellum 9- articulate, densely setose, lacking calceoli. Left mandible (Figs 14, 17): palp article 3 shorter than 2, article 2 with 14 inner marginal setae, article 3 with lA, IB, 3D, 9E setae; incisor 4-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 3 or 4 (badly preserved) setose accessory blades and 3 interrakers; molar (Fig. 17) bearing short plumose seta, 2 large distal (towards incisor) hooked brushy comb setae and 3 proximal (away from incisor) detached flake-pods. Right mandible (Fig. 14): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, denticulate, one denticulation moderately extended; accessory blades of 1 (probably aberrant) plumose spine, setae of palp article 3 = lA, lB, 3D, 9E. Left first maxilla: palp article 2 with 6 thin apical and medial spines and 3 subterminal facial setae, outer plate with 11 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with [?] apical setae (maxillae 1- 2 badly eroded or encrusted, unable to analyse fully or illustrate). Right first maxilla: palp article 2 with 5 thick apical spines mostly fused to segment, 1 apicolateral thin spine and 1 subterminal apicolateral facial seta. Second maxilla: outer plate apicolateral face with 1 thick spinule, apicomedial corner of inner plate with 2 weakly submarginal thick setae and no other marginal setae. Maxilliped: palp article 3 with ranks of thin setae on inner edge, apical part with rank of thicker bifid setae, apex poorly produced and not rugose; inner plate with 3 thick spines and plumose setae apically, medial row of 6 plumose setae, and one ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 15): coxal plate with many long setae ventrally; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus well developed, long and not lobate, with at least 3 rastellae; propodus ovatotrapezoidal, slightly longer than wide, posterior edge with 5-6 heavily setose acclivities, some of these setae approaching thickness of spines, posterolateral angle rounded, with 1 medial and 4 lateral spines, no lateral spines elongate, palm slightly oblique, scarcely convex; dactylus not exceeding end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 15): much larger than first gnathopod; article 2 lacking large spines; carpus short, weakly lobate: propodus huge, ovate, posterior margin almost smooth, setose, palm very oblique, palmar corner with 2 medial spines; very long setae fully present on anterior margins of carpus and propodus and on posterior margins of merus and propodus; coxal plate setose. Pereopods (Figs 16, 17): ventral margins of coxae rounded, with numerous long setae, coxa 4 slightly emarginate, with 4 anteroventral but no posterior setae; pereopods 3--4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 longer than 4, article 4 moderately setose posteriorly, article 5 less strongly setose posteriorly, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3--4 with spine-seta (total) formulae of 1-2-1-3-2 and 2-3-1-3-2; pereopods 5-7 similar, 6 slightly longest, coxae with spines on ventral margin of posterior lobe, article 2 expanded and weakly lobate posteroventrally on pereopods 5 -6, bearing short to medium posterior setules. Coxal gills sausage-shaped, of medium size, very slightly decreasing in size in following order: 5, 4, 3, 2, 6; seventh segment with pair of strap-shaped penial processes about size of sixth coxal gills. Sternal processes (Fig. 14): six pairs of fleshy, sausage-shaped sternal gills present on segments 2 -7, attached to front of lateral edge of each of segments 5-7, more closely to mid-transverse line and also more central on other segments. Epimera (Fig. 17): each epimeron posteroventrally rounded, posterior margins serrate and setose, epimeron 1 with 3 ventral setae, formula of anterofacial spinesetae on epimera 2-3 = 2-2-1-2-1 and 1-2-1-2-1. Pleon (Fig. 17): dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1- 3 sparsely setose, pleonites 4- 5 with several dorsal groups of dense setae, pleonite 6 with few dorsolateral setules on each side; uropod 3 extending beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.67, 3 = 0.67. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; each peduncle well setose; rami of equal extension, articles of outer rami on pleopods 1-3 = l3-ll-9, inner = 11-11-9; setae on basal articles, outer margin of outer ramus to inner margin of inner ramus on pleopods 1- 3 = 3-2-1-2, 3- 2-1-1, 2-1-2-1, no bifid or barbed setae. First uropod (Fig. 17): peduncle length 1.4 ramI; outer margin with 3 apicodistal spines and 3 setae besides row of 7 dorsal spines, with one apical spine medially and row of 4 widespread medial setae; rami of subequal length, both rami with 2 rows of marginal spines, ramus with 5 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 17): peduncle about 1.1 length of inner ramus, with 3 dorsolateral spines and 1 apical, with 6 apical setae, medial margin with hooked and barbed apical spine (Fig. 15) and one medial seta; outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines, apices with 5 and 4 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 17): peduncle length 0.44 outer ramus, almost as broad as long, shorter than urosomite 3, with 3 lateral long setae besides apicolateral spine and 5 setae; outer ramus proximal article with one lateral spine-setal cluster on body, ventrolateral margin with comb of about 14 short stiff bent setae on flange, distolateral margin with 6 spines and 3 long seta, apicomedial margin with 4 spines, medial margin with 2 spines, distal article large, with 7 apical spines and 4 long setae: inner ramus length 0.36 of outer, with 2 apical spines. Telson (Fig. 17): of ordinary length, shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 80 percent of its length; apices each with 1~2 spines and 7 setae; each lobe with 1~2 dorsal setae, and pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.50. Description of female "d". Up to 5.5 mm long. Antenna (Fig. 14). First antenna as long in relation to body as in male if not longer but second antenna 0.33 length of body. Second antenna (Fig. 14) more slender than in male and scarcely pediform, densely setose but less so than in male, article 4 of peduncle not longer than article 5, flagellum with 9 articles. Mandibles. Right mandible with 2 rakers, interrakers 2; molarial seta elongate; incisor with 4 teeth; left mandible with 4 rakers, 4 interrakers, molar with 6 leaflobes, seta short, with 2 major hook-comb setae and one rudimentary; left palp setae, lA, lB, 2D, 7E. Gnathopods andpereopods. First gnathopod (Fig. 15): smaller even than male gnathopod 1, propodus less expanded: 1 medial and 1 lateral spine at defining corner of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 15): somewhat larger than gnathopod 1, armament of defining corner of palm similar. Gnathopods 1~2 much more setose than in female of U westralis, with especially long tufts of setae anteriorly on carpus and propodus and posteriorly on merus. Coxae 2-4 with huge oostegite (Fig. 15), that of coxa 5 very small. Coxal gills slightly smaller than in male. Sternal gill number 7, gills slightly larger than in male (relative to surrounding structures), gill 6 as large as in male, then sternal gills 5, 4, 3 and 2 progressively smaller until gill 2 less than half length of article 3 on gnathopod 2. Volume occupied by sternal gills in male filled with 9 hatched juveniles in female. Illustrations. Maxillae 1 ~2 not illustrated; in poor condition. Lower lip as in other Australian crangonyctoids. Maxillipeds of specimen "c" also in poor shape, illustration thus made of specimen "d". Remarks. The male differs from the concept of this species proposed by Williams & Barnard (1988) based on the literature in the following ways: the urosome is densely armed dorsally, the posterior margins of the propodi on gnathopod 1 in both sexes have some setae sufficiently thickened to be denoted as spines, the telson is cleft 80 percent (versus 50) and male uropod 3 has a rank of spines laterally beyond the basal comb of setae. The figure of male gnathopod 1 as copied from Nicholls in our figure 58 (Williams & Barnard, 1988) may actually be a female gnathopod 2, although the solabelled female gnathopod 2 is not very different from that one we show herein; if the male gnathopod 1 is indeed as shown by Nicholls, then he probably had a far more mature male than ours. Relationship. Differing from all other species of Uroctena in the lack of facial spines on article 2 of male gnathopod 2 and the much higher degree of setation on the gnathopods and antennae 1~2 of both sexes. Article 2 of male gnathopod 2 does possess many setae, but no stiff thick spines. Distribution. Western Australia, reservoir at Katanning., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 181-186, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824, {"references":["Nicholls, G. E., 1926. Description of a new genus and two new species of blind freshwater amphipods from western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 12: lOS-Ill.","Straskraba, M., 1964. Perthia N. G. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from fresh waters of western Australia, with remarks on the genera Neoniphargus and Uroctena. Crustaceana 7 (2): 125 - 139."]}

Brachina invasa n.sp. Figs 21 - 23 Etymology. From Latin, invadere, invader, referring to its stranding from marine sources. Type locality. Parachilna Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44073), female "y" 5.S 3 mm, in type series collected 29 August 1976, WD. Williams collector, from interstitial waters. ALLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44074), same sample, male "ZOO 4.55 mm. Other material from type series (PARATYPES), female "x" (P44075) 4.63 mm, female "a" (P44076) 4.09 mm, juvenile "boo (P44077) 2.S 6 mm and 129 other specimens (P44078, sample number 770). Other material: Parachilna Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 3 March 1979, sample number 1066 (P44079), WD. Williams collector, surface waters, 1 female (P44071). Same locality, 3 March 1979, sample number 1075 (P440S0), WD. Williams collector, 5 specimens. Same locality, 4 March 1979, sample number 1074 (P440S1), WD. Williams collector, from inflowing spring to creek, 37 specimens. Mount Chambers Creek, off Gorge, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 25 August 1976, sample number 771 (P440S2), WD. Williams collector, 3 specimens. Brachina Creek, near Aroona turnoff, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 3 March 1979, sample number 1073 (P44083), W.D. Williams collector, 7 specimens. Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "y"). Body: pleon (Fig. 23) poorly armed dorsally, armament bilateral, total dorsal setae on pleonites 1- 6 = 2-2-2-2-0-0, spinules on pleonites 4- 6 = 0-2-0; length, 5.83 mm. Head (Fig. 21): rostrum obsolescent; cephalic lobes weak, founded (illustrated) or weakly subangular, eyes in death absent. First antenna: length 0.62 of body, 1.6 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular articles 1-2 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, distoventral corner of article I with strong spine, flagellum with 21 articles, lacking conspicuous aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 3-articulate, scarcely exceeding apex of article I of primary flagellum, articles uniform after first 4, sparsely setulate. Second antenna: length 0.4 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 slightly longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with poor ventral setation; flagellum 10-articulate, poorly setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 21): apical margin evenly rounded, connection to epistome and epistome itself symmetrical, epistome with anterior keel. Lower lip (Fig. 21): inner lobes absent. Left mandible (Figs 21 -23): palp article 2 with 2 apical setae, article 3 absent; incisor 5+ toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 3 setose accessory blades; molar bearing plumose seta, several combed or brushy basal setae, other pubescence. Right mandible (Fig. 22): incisor 5-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, narrow, denticulate; accessory blades of 3 plumose spines. Left first maxilla (Fig. 21): palp article 2 with 5 thin apical spines and 4 subterminal facial or apicolateral setae, outer plate with 7 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 5 apical setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 21): palp symmetrical with left first maxilla; outer plate with 8 (aberrant) spines. Second maxilla (Fig. 21): outer plate outer apical margin without spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate with 6 marginal thick setae. Maxilliped (Figs 21, 22): palp article 3 lacking setae on inner edge, no lateral setae, face with linear row of 3 setae, apex not strongly produced, not rugose; inner plate (Fig. 22) with 4 thick spines and several plumose setae apically, medial row of 4 plumose setae, and I ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 22): coxal plate with 9 short setules anteriorly and apically, no posteroventral setule; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus slightly elongate, not lobate; propodus subrectangular (trapezoidal), longer than wide, posterolateral angle rounded and weakly bulbous, posterior edge with I acclivity and I set of setae, with 2 medial and 3 lateral spines (in the way we interpret these spines compared to other species other species in our work), lateral spines slightly elongate, palm transverse, convex, minutely serrate: dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 22): much enlarged; article 5 short and weakly lobate, article 6 almond-shaped, palm oblique, palmar corner with I lateral hadziid seta (see Barnard & Barnard, 1983) and 2 mediofacial spines, posterior margin with 3 setose acclivities, setae ofhadziid or eriopisellid form; dactyl strongly curved, fitting palm; coxal plate with 10 setules. Pereopods (Figs 22, 23): coxa 3 with 9 anteroapical setules, coxa 4 emarginate, with 10 anteroventral setules and I posteroventral setule; pereopods 3--4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 longer than 4, articles 4-5 weakly setose posteriorly, posterior spine formula on article 6 = 2-2-2-2 and 2-2-2-2; pereopods 5-7 similar, but progressively longer, each with 2 locking spines; coxae 5-6 bearing setule on posteroventral margin of posterior lobes, on pereopod 5 article 2 weakly expanded and minutely lobate posteroventrally, no lobe on pereopods 6-7, bearing thin short posterior setae in serration notches; dactyls of pereopods 3- 7 with one facial setule at nail margin plus 2 setules more marginally. Gills of coxae 2-6 paddle-shaped, weakly pediculate, of pereopod 6 reduced, about half as long and one quarter as voluminous as gill 4, gill sizes progressively small in order: 4, 3, 2, 5, 6. Oostegites slender but lacking setae. Sternal (gills) processes: None. Epimera (Fig. 23): each epimeron with small posteroventral tooth, posterior margins weakly convex, with 1-1-4 posterior setules, epimeron I naked below, epimera 2-3 with facial spine formula of 1-2. Pleon (Fig. 23): each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1- 3 with following setal formula, I-I-I, pleonites 4- 6 with dorsolateral spine formula of 0-1-0. Uropod 3 strongly extending beyond uropods I and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod I: uropod 2 = 0.60, 3 = 1.3. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; peduncles of 1-3 with I lateral, I basal and no other setae, outer rami shorter than inner by length of 2 inner articles, outer with 9-9-9 articles, inner with 8-8-8 articles, setae on basal articles = 4-1-1-4, 3-1-1-3, 2-1-1-3, bifid basomedial setae on inner rami = 3-2-2 (of the total of 4-3--3 setae present on basal article). First uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle length 1.4 rami; I large basofacial spine on outer face; outer margin with 2 apicodistal spines besides row of 3 dorsal spines, with 3 spines medially; rami of subequal length, only inner ramus with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 2-2, each ramus with 4 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle about 1.0 length of inner ramus, with 3 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with one apical spine; outer ramus shorter than inner, with 2 dorsal spines, only inner with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 1-2, apices with 3 and 4 spines each. Third uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle length 0.36 outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3, with one medial spine, one dorsolateral and 2 ventrolateral spines; outer ramus proximal article with 3 lateral and 3 medial ranks of 3-4 spines each, apicolateral corner with 3 spines, apicomedial corner with 3 spines; article 2 small. Telson (Fig. 23): 0.80 as long as wide, scarcely shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 100 percent of its length; apices each with spine in apicolateral notch, 2 apical spines on medial side of apical cusp, 1 apicomedial spine, 2 apicolateral penicillate setules, and each lobe with single member or pair of lateral (or partly dorsal) spines at M.37. Description of allotype (male "z"). Body: length 4.55 mm. Like female but gnathopod 2 slightly and many other body parts less setose mainly owing to slightly smaller body size or lesser maturation. Gills 2 and 3 heavily infested with surficial protozoans. Description of other material. Specimen "a" (Fig. 21): female, length 4.09 mm. Specimen "x": female, length 4.36 mm. Left mandible with 4 rakers. Outer plate of left and right maxillae 1 with 7 spines (thus holotype aberrant). Specimen "b": juvenile, length 2.86 mm. All taxonomic characters identifiable; examples showing lesser development than adults as follows: primary flagellum of antenna 1 with 12 articles, of antenna 2 with 6 articles; tooth on palm of gnathopod 2 rudimentary, one medial defining spine only, defined laterally with one hadziid seta joined by 2 thin setules, posterior margin of propodus with 2 setal positions, anterior margin with 4 setal positions; posterior armament formula on article 6 of pereopod 3 = e-e-ss; article 1 of uropod 3 with 2 lateral and 3 medial spine sets; telson with only 3 apical spines on each lobe plus normal setules. Illustrations. Left mandible of holotype with dotted seta added in place where right seta present (Fig. 22); other specimens with this seta present on left mandible. Holotype selected because of completeness of all legs but bearing two aberrations: eight spines on outer plate of one maxilla 1 and lack of left molarial seta. Distribution. South Australia,Flinders Ranges, in streams, springs.

Nedsia douglasi n.sp. Figs 24-26 Etymology. Named for the collector of the material. Type locality. Ned's Well, Yardie Creek, North West Cape, Western Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 7-64), female "g" 4.77 mm, in the type series collected August 1963, A.M. Douglas collector. Other material from type series (PARATYPES), female "h" 5.08 mm, female "i" 4.38 mm and 26 other specimens (no males). Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "g"). Body (Fig. 24): urosome poorly armed dorsally; length, 4.74 mm. Head (Fig. 24): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 24): length about 0.6 of body (broken), 2.4 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, flagellum with many articles, no calceoli, no aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, second article tiny, articles of primary flagellum uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 24): length 0.25 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 equally long, articles 3, 4 and 5 with weak ventral setation, article 3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 4-articulate, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 24): apical margin excavate, connection to epistome and bulbous epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 24): palp article I shorter than 2, article 2 with 2 apical setae; incisor 5- toothed, lacinia mobilis 5-toothed, 4 setose accessory blades; molar lacking distal plumose seta, no other pubescence. Right mandible: incisor 5-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, slender, each flake denticulate; accessory blades of 4 scarcely plumose spines. Right and leftfirst maxillae (Fig. 24): palp article 2 with 7 thin apical and subapical spines, outer plate with 7 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 6 medial setae. Second maxilla (Fig. 24): outer plate outer apical margin with pubescence, basomedial margin of inner plate with pubescence. Maxilliped (Fig. 24): palp article 3 with pair of thin setae on inner edge; inner plate with 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Figs 25, 26): coxal plate with short setae apically, without posteroventral spine; article 4 posteriorly bulbous; carpus not lobate; propodus trapezoidal, expanding apically, longer than wide, posterior edge almost naked, corner of palm almost square, with 3 lateral setae and 4 medial spines, palm slightly convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Palm of second gnathopod (Fig. 26): with 4 lateral and 4 medial spines, spine at palmar corner medial, coxal plate broader and poorly setose. Pereopods (Figs 24-26): coxa 3 with similar setae, coxa 4 more irregular, with similar setae; pereopods 3- 4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 not longer than 4, articles 4-5 sparsely setose posteriorly, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3-4 with armament formula of ES-ES-S-S, thus with only one locking spine; pereopods 5-7 similar but consecutively elongate, each with 2 locking spines; anterior spines on pereopod 7 article 6 displaced inward by keel-like expansion of segment; coxae 5- 7 bearing few setae on ventral margin of posterior lobes, article 2 moderately expanded and not lobate but extended posteriorly, bearing thin short posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 simple, naked except for outer basal penicillate setule. Gills of coxae 2- 6 flask-shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Oostegites strap-shaped, poorly setose. Epimera (Fig. 26): each epimeron posteroventrally quadrate (softly), posterior margins scarcely convex, smooth and barely setulose, epimera 1- 3 with 1-3-6 ventrofacial spines, lacking lateral oblique ridge. Pleon (Figs 24, 26): only pleonites 2 and 5 with dorsolateral posterior seta, pleonite 6 with 2 dorsolateral and 2 distoventral spinules; uropod 3 extending well beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.5, 3 = 1.33. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, one accessory: peduncles each with 1 apicolateral seta, rami extending subequally, outer with 10-9-8 articles, inner with 10-9-8 articles, setae on basal articles = 1-1-1-1 for all rami, none bifid. First uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle length 1.3 rami, 1 basofacial spine, outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 3 dorsal spines, with 2 apicomedial spines: rami of subequal length, both rami with 2 sparsely filled rows of marginal spines. Second uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle about 1.1 length of inner ramus, with 2 apicodorsal spines, 2 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with 2 apical spines: outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 1-1 and 1-3, apices of rami on uropods 1-2 with 4 -6 and 4- 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 26): peduncle length 0.28 outer ramus, shorter than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta besides apicolateral cluster of 5 spines; outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine-setal ranks, article 2 shorter but similarly armed; inner ramus length 0.12 of outer, with 2 apical spines, left uropod 3 regenerant. Telson (Fig. 26): 1.2 as long as wide, as long as urosomite 3; cleft 100 percent of its length; apices minutely notched, subapices each with 3 long setae, 3 other dorsal setae and 2 lateral setae on each lobe, each lobe with single penicillate setule dorsolaterally at M.60. Description of other material. Specimen "h": female, length 5.08 mm. Mandibular palps (Fig. 24) with 2- 3 apical setae on article 2. Telson less setose apically than holotype. Specimen "i": female, length 4.38 mm. Head, right lacinia mobilis and mandibular palp illustrated (Fig. 24). Distribution. Western Australia, North West Cape, in well.

Nedsia n.gen. Etymology. Named for the type locality., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on page 197, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Toulrabia n.gen. Etymology. Named for the type locality.

Chillagoe n.gen. Etymology. Named for the type locality., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Uroctena whadjukia n.sp. Etymology. From the principal, original Aboriginal tribe of south-western Australia. Type locality. Wungong System, Chandler Road, creek draining granite outcrop, stop 2. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 16-95), male "g" 7.1 mm, in type series collected 16.7.82 by C.M.Austin and B. Knott. ALLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum), female "h" 3.60 mm. Other material (PARATYPES) examined, juvenile "j" 1.17 mm, male "k" 7.19 mm. Ten other adults and ten other juveniles in same sample. Diagnosis. Eyes not visible in preserved specimens. Setae of antennae 1- 2 sparse and short; male antenna 2 weakly pediform, about 1.5 times as thick as antenna 1; propodus of male gnathopod 1 lacking stout posterior spines; article 2 of male gnathopod 2 with about 4 stout posterolateral facial spines in 2 sets and about 3-9 medium-stout anterior spines plus up to 8 setae in specimens with fewer than 5 spines; gnathopods of both sexes not setose as noted in description of U setosa; telson cleft 70+ percent, each apex with 1 spine and 2 -3 setae, each dorsum or lateral edge with 3 setae. Description of holotype (male "g"). Body (Fig. 9): urosome moderately armed dorsally; length, 7.1 mm. Head (Fig. 9): rostrum small; eyes in death absent. First antenna (Figs 8, 9): length 0.6 of body, 1.45 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, medial face of article 1 with armament formula of SS-eSS-SS-e, flagellum with 24 articles, each article commencing at article 6 with tiny aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 5-articulate, reaching end of article 5 of primary flagellum, articles uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Figs 8, 9): length 0.40 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with moderate ventral setation, article 3 with 3 dorsomedial spines; flagellum 9-articulate, well setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip: apical margin evenly rounded but connection to epistome and epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Figs 8, 11): palp article 3 shorter than 2, article 2 with 9 medial marginal setae, article 3 with 2A, 2B, 3C, 2 D, 6E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 6 setose accessory blades; molar bearing plumose seta, several penicillate hooked brushy basal setae, other pubescence, and one chisel spine Right mandible (Figs 8, 9): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis not bifid, very broad, partly divided into 2 flakes, denticulate; accessory blades of 2 plumose spines, setae of palp article 3 with 2A, 2B, 2C, 6D, 5E. Leftfirst maxilla (Fig. 9): palp article 2 with 6 thin apical spines and 3 barely subterminal facial setae, outer plate with 11 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 3 apicomedial setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 9): palp article 2 with 5 thick apical spines partly articulated to segment, one apicolateral thin seta. Second maxilla (Fig. 9): outer plate outer apical margin with 1 small spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate with 2 weakly submarginal thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 8): palp article 3 with ranks of thin setae on inner edge, apical part with rank of 5 thicker setae, apex not strongly produced, not rugose; inner plate with 3 thick spines and several plumose setae apically, long medial row of plumose setae, and 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Figs 10, 11): coxal plate with long and short setae apically, with 1 posteroventral spine; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus well developed and longer than in U westralis, narrow and not lobate; propodus subrectangular, longer than wide, posterolateral angle rounded, posterior edge with 3 acclivities and 3 sets of setae, with 1 medial and 3 lateral spines, no lateral spine elongate, palm slightly oblique, convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 10): enlarged; article 2 with 3 medium anterior spines, posterolateral face with 4 spines in 2 sets, article 5 short and lobate, article 6 hugely ovatorectangular, palm oblique, sculptured, palmar corner with 1 lateral and 1 medial spines, posterior margin near corner without spines; dactyl strongly curved, fitting palm; coxal plate well setose, with one posteroventral spine. Pereopods (Figs 9- 12): coxa 3 with long setae and one posteroventral spines, coxa 4 barely emarginate, with 4 anteroventral, 11 posterior setae and 2 posteroventral spines; pereopods 3-4 not longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 scarcely longer than 4, article 4 well setose posteriorly, article 5 poorly setose posteriorly, posterior spine formula = eS-ESS-4S and EE-SS4S, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3- 4 with spine formula of ES-ES-ES-SS and ES-ES-ESSSS; pereopods 5- 7 similar, each with 3 locking spines and locking seta; coxae 5-7 bearing spines or setae on ventral margin of both lobes, article 2 expanded and lobate posteroventrally, bearing thin medium to long posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 with spine formula of 4-4-4-6-(6), pereopod 7 internal formula = 1-1-2-2, thus spines doubled only on pereopod 7. Gills of coxae 2-6 sausage shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Sternal (gills) processes (Fig. 12): segments 2- 7 with sausage-shaped sternal gills in formula of 1-1-1-2-2-2, gills on segments 2- 6 central, on segment 7 attached to front of lateral edge of segment. Epimera (Figs 9, 13): each epimeron posteroventrally rounded, posterior margins convex, notched and setose, setae long, epimeron 1 with 1 ventral seta, epimera 2- 3 with setal formula of 1-2-2-2 and 1-3-2-1-1. Pleon (Figs 9, 13): each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1-6 with following setal formula (s=side, t=top): 1 = st; 2 = st; 3 = st; 4 = 2s, t; 5 = 2s, 3t; 6 = 2t; uropod 3 strongly extending beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.75, 3 = 0.80. Pleopods (Fig. 12): retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; peduncles each with 19-19-30 setae, rami extending equally, outer with 13 -15, 11, 10 articles; inner with 10 -11, 9, 9 articles; setae on basal articles = 4-1-1-3, 4-2-1-3, 2-11-2, none bifid, variable on pleopod 1 on right and left members (formula averaged). First uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle length 1.5 rami; outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 10 dorsal spines and one seta between spines 8 and 9, with 1 apical spine medially and row of 4 setae; rami of subequal length, both rami with 2 rows of marginal spines or setae in formula of SS-SS and E-SS, outer ramus with 4 apical and inner ramus with 5 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle about 1.5 length of inner ramus, with 5 dorsolateral spines, no apical, medial margin with 2 basal setae in tandem and one large curved apically barbed hook-spine; outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of S-S and S-eS, apices with 4 and 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle length 0.50 outer ramus, as long as length of urosomite 3, with several lateral ranks of subdistal setae besides apical cluster of 4 setae and 3 spines, apicomedial corner with spine and seta; outer ramus proximal article with outer (but turned ventrally) comb-row of 12 bifid setae, with transverse lateral spine-seta row on body (3S, 2E), medial margin of apex with 4 spines, lateral margin with 2 spines and 4 setae, apex of large article 2 with 4 apical spines and 3 setae; inner ramus length 0.37 of outer, with 2 apical spines. Telson (Fig. 13): broader than wide, shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 70 percent of its length; apices each with spine in lateral notch, 2 -3 apical and 1 apicolateral setae, each lobe with 2 dorsomedial setae and each lobe with pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.55. Description of allotype (female "h"). Body (Fig. 8): length, 3.60 mm. Like male but antennae shorter, antenna 2 short and slender, article 5 almost as long as 4; head sinus smaller; coxae slightly taller, coxal setae slightly sparser, bilobation of coxa 7 weaker; gnathopod 2 (Fig. 10) small, similar to but slightly larger than gnathopod I (Fig. 9), carpi of gnathopods 1-2 shorter than on male gnathopod 1, lobation distinct on female gnathopod 2, latter with only I medial spine, 1 lateral defining spine on palm; oostegites of coxae 2 -3 (Fig. 10) large, ovate, of coxa 4 smaller, of coxa 5 very small. Sternal gill formula distinctive (Fig. 12), segments 2 ~ each with pair of more or less central gills, segments 5 -6 each with 2 pairs, each pair lateral, and segment 7 with 1 pair, each member attached laterally. Armaments of epimera (Fig. 13) short and several comprising spines, formula of epimera 1- 3 = E--ES, EE--S, S, e; uropod 3 (Fig. 13) relatively smaller than in male, subdistal armaments sparser, ventrolateral comb of outer ramus absent, replaced by pair of spines in notch, but apex of article 2 better developed, with 7 spines and 3 setae; telson (Fig. 13) more embryonic in appearance, apical spine on each lobe more central, setae fewer but dorsomedial setal pair relatively more basal. Additional notes of minor items: mandibular palp article 2 with 4 setae, article 3 formula = 3A, 3B, 3D, 5E, left rakers 6; left maxilla 2 palp with 5 thin apical spines and 2 setae; armament formulae on article 5 of pereopods 3 and 4: SS-S-SS and SS-S-SSS, on article 6 = E-ES and ES-ES-SS, dactyls each with 2 spines; locking spines on pereopods 5-7 = 3S+E, dactylar spines = 2-2-4. Formulae on pleopods 1-3: articles of outer rami = 7-7-5, inner rami = 5-5-4, setae on each peduncle = 5-3-5, setae on outer and inner basal articles of outer and inner rami of pleopods 1 -3 = 3-1-1-3, 2- 1-1-2, 1-1-1-2, outer rami shorter than inner. Posteroventral spines on urosomite 1 = 2; uropodal spine and setal formulae: uropod 1 peduncle dorsolateral = S-S-S-S-SES, medially = E--S, outer ramus of uropods 1-2 lateral and medial spines = 1-1 and 0--1, inner ramus = 0-1 and 0-0, apical spines of outer and inner rami of uropods 1-2 = 4-5 and 4-5. Description of other material. Specimen "k" (Figs 8, 11): male, length 7.19 mm. Slightly more advanced than male "g", pattern of spines on article 2 of gnathopod 2 slightly distinctive (see Fig. 11). Flagellum of antenna 1 with 21 articles, of antenna 2 with 10, calceoli absent. Pereopods 5 -6 each with 4 locking spines and one seta, of pereopod 7 with 3 locking spines and one seta. Dorsolateral margin of peduncle on uropod 1 with 12 spines and 2 setae, of uropod 2 with 6 spines and 5 setae. Specimen "j" is hatchling in brood pouch of female "h". Generally appearance embryonic, body and appendages of swollen appearance, rostrum absent; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, large; flagellar articles of antenna 1 = 5, of antenna 2 = 4; setae of coxae 1-4 = 2-1-1-2; palmar defining spines of gnathopods 1-2 = 1 lateral seta, 1 medial seta and spine; spine formula on article 5 of pereopod 4 = 0-1-1, on article 6 = 0-2; locking spines on pereopods 3 -7 = 2, on pereopod 5 but less so on pereopods 6-7 one spine about two-thirds as long as dactyl, all dactyls with 1 seta and one spine; setae on pleonites 1- 4 = 2 on each side and 1 fully dorsal; on pleonite 5 = 1 lateral each side and 1 fully dorsal; absent on pleonite 6; all rami of pleopods 1-3 with 2 articles each; epimera 1-3 each with only 1 seta each at posteroventral corner; formulae on uropod 1 peduncle apicolateral = 1, uropod 2 = 1; rami of uropods 1 -2 lacking marginal spines, all with 4 apical spines each; peduncle of uropod 3 lacking spines, inner ramus with 1 apical spine, article 1 of outer ramus with 1 apicomedial and 1 apicolateral spine, article 2 with 2 medium and 1 short apical setae; each lobe of telson with 1 apical spine, 1 apicolateral penicillate setule and 2 dorsolateral penicillate setules. Relationship. This species differs from the type species of the genus, U ajJinis, in the much smaller number of posterolateral spines on article 2 of male gnathopod 2; U ajJinis bears four sets of three to four each, whereas this species has two sets of two each. In this species there are also no spines on gnathopod 2 propodus besides the defining spines, and the dactyl of gnathopod 1 reaches the apex of the palm. Note that many items of U ajJinis are unknown such as setation sizes and patterns on pereopods, uropods, epimera, and medial antenna 1. Distribution. Western Australia, Wungong System, creek., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 173-181, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Toulrabia n.gen. Etymology. Named for the type locality., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on page 167, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Toulrabia willsi n.sp. Figs 5- 7 Etymology. Named for the explorer William John Wills, 1834-1861. Type locality. Stream on Mount Toulrab, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 15-19), female "a" 6.14 mm, in type series collected 22 December 1965 by D.H.D. Edward. Other material examined (PARATYPES), female "b" 5.64 mm. Six other female specimens in same sample. Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "a"). Body (Fig. 5): urosome poorly armed dorsally; length, up to 6.14 mm. Head (Fig. 5): rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 5): length 0.66 ofbody, 2.1 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, flagellum with 23 articles, no calceoli, no aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, articles of primary flagellum uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Fig. 5): length 0.33 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with moderate ventral setation, article 3 without dorsomedial spines; flagellum 7-articulate, moderately setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 5): apical margin evenly rounded but connection to epistome and epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Fig. 5): palp article 3 shorter than 2, article 2 with 6 medial marginal setae, article 3 with 4C, 14D, 3E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 4 setose accessory blades; molar bearing distal plumose seta, several penicillate hooked brushy basal setae, other pubescence, and pair of immensely setulate chisel spines. Right mandible (Fig. 5): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, very broad, each flake denticulate; accessory blades of 2 plumose spines. Rightfirst maxilla (Fig. 6): palp article 2 with 7 thin apical spines, outer plate with 9 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 2 apicomedial setae. Left first maxilla (Fig. 5): palp article 2 with 5 thick apical spines mostly fused to segment, one apicolateral thin spine and one subterminal apicolateral facial seta. Second maxilla (Fig. 6): outer plate outer apical margin with 1 small spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate lacking setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 7): palp article 3 with ranks of thin setae on inner edge; inner plate (Fig. 5) with 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 6): coxal plate with short setae apically, without posteroventral spine; article 4 without posterior hump, carpus weakly lobate; propodus subrectangular, longer than wide, posterior edge widely setose, posterolateral angle rounded, with 1 medial and 2 lateral spines, no lateral spine elongate, palm slightly oblique, convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Figs 6, 7): similar; palmar corner with 2 lateral and 1 medial spines, coxal plate similarly setose. Pereopods (Figs 6, 7): coxa 3 with similar setae, coxa 4 emarginate, with similar setae; pereopods 3-4 slightly longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 scarcely longer than 4, article 4 sparsely setose posteriorly, article 5 poorly spinose posteriorly, posterior spine formula = EEEE-EEE, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3- 4 with spine formula of ES-ES-ES-ES-SS and EES-ESES-SS; pereopods 5-7 similar, each with 4 locking spines; coxae 5-7 bearing few setae on ventral margin of posterior lobes, article 2 weakly expanded and lobate posteroventrally, lobe obsolescent on pereopod 7, bearing thin medium to short posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3- 7 with accessory spine formula of 1-1-3-5-4. Gills of coxae 2-6 sausage shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Oostegites (Fig. 7) lacking setae except for tiny apicomarginal pits. SternaI (gills) processes: segments 6-7 with sausageshaped sternal gills in formula of (on one side) 2-1, gills attached to front of lateral edge of segment, pair of gills on sternite 6 arranged transversely, lateralmost gill shorter. Epimera (Fig. 7): each epimeron posteroventrally quadrate, posterior margins scarcely convex, smooth and setulose, each epimeron with 3 ventral spines and lateral oblique ridge. Pleon: each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1-6 with following setal-spine formula (s=side, t=top): 1 = Es, 2 = Es, 3 = Es, 4 = Es, 5 = 0, 6 = EtSs; uropod 3 (Fig. 5) not extending beyond uropods I and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.66, 3 = 0.50. Pleopods (for specimen "b"): retinacula 2 per pleopod, one accessory; peduncles each with 5+2, 6+2+2+2, and 4+2 setae, rami extending equally, outer with 8-7-6 articles, inner with 5-5-5 articles, setae on basal articles 7-1-1-3, 5-1- 1-2, 3-2-1-2, none bifid. First uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle length 1.3 rami; outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 5 dorsal spines, with 3 medial spines; rami of subequal length, both rami with 1 row of marginal spines. Second uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle about 1.0 x length of inner ramus, with 3 apicodorsal spines, 2 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with 3 spines, basalmost small; outer ramus subequal to inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 3-2, apices of rami on uropods 1- 2 with 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 7): peduncle length 0.80 outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3, with subdistal seta besides apical cluster of 3 spines; outer ramus proximal article with several irregular spine ranks, article 2 absent; inner ramus length 0.40 of outer, with 1 apical spine. Telson (Fig. 7): broader than long, shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 60 percent of its length; apices each with 3 spines in facial notches, 1 apicolateral setule, each lobe with pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.60. Distribution. Western Australia, Stirling Ranges., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 168-172, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Barnard, J. Laurens, Williams, W. D. (1995): The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2. Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2): 161-201, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, URL: https://journals.australian.museum/barnard-and-williams-1995-rec-aust-mus-472-161201/

Brachina n.gen. Etymology. Taken from one of the localities of the type species., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Uroctena whadjukia n.sp. Etymology. From the principal, original Aboriginal tribe of south-western Australia. Type locality. Wungong System, Chandler Road, creek draining granite outcrop, stop 2. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum, WAM 16-95), male "g" 7.1 mm, in type series collected 16.7.82 by C.M.Austin and B. Knott. ALLOTYPE (Western Australian Museum), female "h" 3.60 mm. Other material (PARATYPES) examined, juvenile "j" 1.17 mm, male "k" 7.19 mm. Ten other adults and ten other juveniles in same sample. Diagnosis. Eyes not visible in preserved specimens. Setae of antennae 1- 2 sparse and short; male antenna 2 weakly pediform, about 1.5 times as thick as antenna 1; propodus of male gnathopod 1 lacking stout posterior spines; article 2 of male gnathopod 2 with about 4 stout posterolateral facial spines in 2 sets and about 3-9 medium-stout anterior spines plus up to 8 setae in specimens with fewer than 5 spines; gnathopods of both sexes not setose as noted in description of U setosa; telson cleft 70+ percent, each apex with 1 spine and 2 -3 setae, each dorsum or lateral edge with 3 setae. Description of holotype (male "g"). Body (Fig. 9): urosome moderately armed dorsally; length, 7.1 mm. Head (Fig. 9): rostrum small; eyes in death absent. First antenna (Figs 8, 9): length 0.6 of body, 1.45 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, medial face of article 1 with armament formula of SS-eSS-SS-e, flagellum with 24 articles, each article commencing at article 6 with tiny aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 5-articulate, reaching end of article 5 of primary flagellum, articles uniform, sparsely setulate. Second antenna (Figs 8, 9): length 0.40 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with moderate ventral setation, article 3 with 3 dorsomedial spines; flagellum 9-articulate, well setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip: apical margin evenly rounded but connection to epistome and epistome itself slightly asymmetrical. Left mandible (Figs 8, 11): palp article 3 shorter than 2, article 2 with 9 medial marginal setae, article 3 with 2A, 2B, 3C, 2 D, 6E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 6 setose accessory blades; molar bearing plumose seta, several penicillate hooked brushy basal setae, other pubescence, and one chisel spine Right mandible (Figs 8, 9): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis not bifid, very broad, partly divided into 2 flakes, denticulate; accessory blades of 2 plumose spines, setae of palp article 3 with 2A, 2B, 2C, 6D, 5E. Leftfirst maxilla (Fig. 9): palp article 2 with 6 thin apical spines and 3 barely subterminal facial setae, outer plate with 11 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 3 apicomedial setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 9): palp article 2 with 5 thick apical spines partly articulated to segment, one apicolateral thin seta. Second maxilla (Fig. 9): outer plate outer apical margin with 1 small spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate with 2 weakly submarginal thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 8): palp article 3 with ranks of thin setae on inner edge, apical part with rank of 5 thicker setae, apex not strongly produced, not rugose; inner plate with 3 thick spines and several plumose setae apically, long medial row of plumose setae, and 1 ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Figs 10, 11): coxal plate with long and short setae apically, with 1 posteroventral spine; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus well developed and longer than in U westralis, narrow and not lobate; propodus subrectangular, longer than wide, posterolateral angle rounded, posterior edge with 3 acclivities and 3 sets of setae, with 1 medial and 3 lateral spines, no lateral spine elongate, palm slightly oblique, convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 10): enlarged; article 2 with 3 medium anterior spines, posterolateral face with 4 spines in 2 sets, article 5 short and lobate, article 6 hugely ovatorectangular, palm oblique, sculptured, palmar corner with 1 lateral and 1 medial spines, posterior margin near corner without spines; dactyl strongly curved, fitting palm; coxal plate well setose, with one posteroventral spine. Pereopods (Figs 9- 12): coxa 3 with long setae and one posteroventral spines, coxa 4 barely emarginate, with 4 anteroventral, 11 posterior setae and 2 posteroventral spines; pereopods 3-4 not longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 scarcely longer than 4, article 4 well setose posteriorly, article 5 poorly setose posteriorly, posterior spine formula = eS-ESS-4S and EE-SS4S, posterior margin of article 6 on pereopods 3- 4 with spine formula of ES-ES-ES-SS and ES-ES-ESSSS; pereopods 5- 7 similar, each with 3 locking spines and locking seta; coxae 5-7 bearing spines or setae on ventral margin of both lobes, article 2 expanded and lobate posteroventrally, bearing thin medium to long posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3-7 with spine formula of 4-4-4-6-(6), pereopod 7 internal formula = 1-1-2-2, thus spines doubled only on pereopod 7. Gills of coxae 2-6 sausage shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Sternal (gills) processes (Fig. 12): segments 2- 7 with sausage-shaped sternal gills in formula of 1-1-1-2-2-2, gills on segments 2- 6 central, on segment 7 attached to front of lateral edge of segment. Epimera (Figs 9, 13): each epimeron posteroventrally rounded, posterior margins convex, notched and setose, setae long, epimeron 1 with 1 ventral seta, epimera 2- 3 with setal formula of 1-2-2-2 and 1-3-2-1-1. Pleon (Figs 9, 13): each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1-6 with following setal formula (s=side, t=top): 1 = st; 2 = st; 3 = st; 4 = 2s, t; 5 = 2s, 3t; 6 = 2t; uropod 3 strongly extending beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.75, 3 = 0.80. Pleopods (Fig. 12): retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; peduncles each with 19-19-30 setae, rami extending equally, outer with 13 -15, 11, 10 articles; inner with 10 -11, 9, 9 articles; setae on basal articles = 4-1-1-3, 4-2-1-3, 2-11-2, none bifid, variable on pleopod 1 on right and left members (formula averaged). First uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle length 1.5 rami; outer margin with 1 apicodistal spine besides row of 10 dorsal spines and one seta between spines 8 and 9, with 1 apical spine medially and row of 4 setae; rami of subequal length, both rami with 2 rows of marginal spines or setae in formula of SS-SS and E-SS, outer ramus with 4 apical and inner ramus with 5 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle about 1.5 length of inner ramus, with 5 dorsolateral spines, no apical, medial margin with 2 basal setae in tandem and one large curved apically barbed hook-spine; outer ramus shorter than inner, both with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of S-S and S-eS, apices with 4 and 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 13): peduncle length 0.50 outer ramus, as long as length of urosomite 3, with several lateral ranks of subdistal setae besides apical cluster of 4 setae and 3 spines, apicomedial corner with spine and seta; outer ramus proximal article with outer (but turned ventrally) comb-row of 12 bifid setae, with transverse lateral spine-seta row on body (3S, 2E), medial margin of apex with 4 spines, lateral margin with 2 spines and 4 setae, apex of large article 2 with 4 apical spines and 3 setae; inner ramus length 0.37 of outer, with 2 apical spines. Telson (Fig. 13): broader than wide, shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 70 percent of its length; apices each with spine in lateral notch, 2 -3 apical and 1 apicolateral setae, each lobe with 2 dorsomedial setae and each lobe with pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.55. Description of allotype (female "h"). Body (Fig. 8): length, 3.60 mm. Like male but antennae shorter, antenna 2 short and slender, article 5 almost as long as 4; head sinus smaller; coxae slightly taller, coxal setae slightly sparser, bilobation of coxa 7 weaker; gnathopod 2 (Fig. 10) small, similar to but slightly larger than gnathopod I (Fig. 9), carpi of gnathopods 1-2 shorter than on male gnathopod 1, lobation distinct on female gnathopod 2, latter with only I medial spine, 1 lateral defining spine on palm; oostegites of coxae 2 -3 (Fig. 10) large, ovate, of coxa 4 smaller, of coxa 5 very small. Sternal gill formula distinctive (Fig. 12), segments 2 ~ each with pair of more or less central gills, segments 5 -6 each with 2 pairs, each pair lateral, and segment 7 with 1 pair, each member attached laterally. Armaments of epimera (Fig. 13) short and several comprising spines, formula of epimera 1- 3 = E--ES, EE--S, S, e; uropod 3 (Fig. 13) relatively smaller than in male, subdistal armaments sparser, ventrolateral comb of outer ramus absent, replaced by pair of spines in notch, but apex of article 2 better developed, with 7 spines and 3 setae; telson (Fig. 13) more embryonic in appearance, apical spine on each lobe more central, setae fewer but dorsomedial setal pair relatively more basal. Additional notes of minor items: mandibular palp article 2 with 4 setae, article 3 formula = 3A, 3B, 3D, 5E, left rakers 6; left maxilla 2 palp with 5 thin apical spines and 2 setae; armament formulae on article 5 of pereopods 3 and 4: SS-S-SS and SS-S-SSS, on article 6 = E-ES and ES-ES-SS, dactyls each with 2 spines; locking spines on pereopods 5-7 = 3S+E, dactylar spines = 2-2-4. Formulae on pleopods 1-3: articles of outer rami = 7-7-5, inner rami = 5-5-4, setae on each peduncle = 5-3-5, setae on outer and inner basal articles of outer and inner rami of pleopods 1 -3 = 3-1-1-3, 2- 1-1-2, 1-1-1-2, outer rami shorter than inner. Posteroventral spines on urosomite 1 = 2; uropodal spine and setal formulae: uropod 1 peduncle dorsolateral = S-S-S-S-SES, medially = E--S, outer ramus of uropods 1-2 lateral and medial spines = 1-1 and 0--1, inner ramus = 0-1 and 0-0, apical spines of outer and inner rami of uropods 1-2 = 4-5 and 4-5. Description of other material. Specimen "k" (Figs 8, 11): male, length 7.19 mm. Slightly more advanced than male "g", pattern of spines on article 2 of gnathopod 2 slightly distinctive (see Fig. 11). Flagellum of antenna 1 with 21 articles, of antenna 2 with 10, calceoli absent. Pereopods 5 -6 each with 4 locking spines and one seta, of pereopod 7 with 3 locking spines and one seta. Dorsolateral margin of peduncle on uropod 1 with 12 spines and 2 setae, of uropod 2 with 6 spines and 5 setae. Specimen "j" is hatchling in brood pouch of female "h". Generally appearance embryonic, body and appendages of swollen appearance, rostrum absent; accessory flagellum 2-articulate, large; flagellar articles of antenna 1 = 5, of antenna 2 = 4; setae of coxae 1-4 = 2-1-1-2; palmar defining spines of gnathopods 1-2 = 1 lateral seta, 1 medial seta and spine; spine formula on article 5 of pereopod 4 = 0-1-1, on article 6 = 0-2; locking spines on pereopods 3 -7 = 2, on pereopod 5 but less so on pereopods 6-7 one spine about two-thirds as long as dactyl, all dactyls with 1 seta and one spine; setae on pleonites 1- 4 = 2 on each side and 1 fully dorsal; on pleonite 5 = 1 lateral each side and 1 fully dorsal; absent on pleonite 6; all rami of pleopods 1-3 with 2 articles each; epimera 1-3 each with only 1 seta each at posteroventral corner; formulae on uropod 1 peduncle apicolateral = 1, uropod 2 = 1; rami of uropods 1 -2 lacking marginal spines, all with 4 apical spines each; peduncle of uropod 3 lacking spines, inner ramus with 1 apical spine, article 1 of outer ramus with 1 apicomedial and 1 apicolateral spine, article 2 with 2 medium and 1 short apical setae; each lobe of telson with 1 apical spine, 1 apicolateral penicillate setule and 2 dorsolateral penicillate setules. Relationship. This species differs from the type species of the genus, U ajJinis, in the much smaller number of posterolateral spines on article 2 of male gnathopod 2; U ajJinis bears four sets of three to four each, whereas this species has two sets of two each. In this species there are also no spines on gnathopod 2 propodus besides the defining spines, and the dactyl of gnathopod 1 reaches the apex of the palm. Note that many items of U ajJinis are unknown such as setation sizes and patterns on pereopods, uropods, epimera, and medial antenna 1. Distribution. Western Australia, Wungong System, creek.

Brachina invasa n.sp. Figs 21 - 23 Etymology. From Latin, invadere, invader, referring to its stranding from marine sources. Type locality. Parachilna Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44073), female "y" 5.S 3 mm, in type series collected 29 August 1976, WD. Williams collector, from interstitial waters. ALLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44074), same sample, male "ZOO 4.55 mm. Other material from type series (PARATYPES), female "x" (P44075) 4.63 mm, female "a" (P44076) 4.09 mm, juvenile "boo (P44077) 2.S 6 mm and 129 other specimens (P44078, sample number 770). Other material: Parachilna Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 3 March 1979, sample number 1066 (P44079), WD. Williams collector, surface waters, 1 female (P44071). Same locality, 3 March 1979, sample number 1075 (P440S0), WD. Williams collector, 5 specimens. Same locality, 4 March 1979, sample number 1074 (P440S1), WD. Williams collector, from inflowing spring to creek, 37 specimens. Mount Chambers Creek, off Gorge, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 25 August 1976, sample number 771 (P440S2), WD. Williams collector, 3 specimens. Brachina Creek, near Aroona turnoff, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, 3 March 1979, sample number 1073 (P44083), W.D. Williams collector, 7 specimens. Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "y"). Body: pleon (Fig. 23) poorly armed dorsally, armament bilateral, total dorsal setae on pleonites 1- 6 = 2-2-2-2-0-0, spinules on pleonites 4- 6 = 0-2-0; length, 5.83 mm. Head (Fig. 21): rostrum obsolescent; cephalic lobes weak, founded (illustrated) or weakly subangular, eyes in death absent. First antenna: length 0.62 of body, 1.6 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular articles 1-2 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, distoventral corner of article I with strong spine, flagellum with 21 articles, lacking conspicuous aesthetascs; accessory flagellum 3-articulate, scarcely exceeding apex of article I of primary flagellum, articles uniform after first 4, sparsely setulate. Second antenna: length 0.4 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, article 4 slightly longer than 5, articles 3, 4 and 5 with poor ventral setation; flagellum 10-articulate, poorly setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 21): apical margin evenly rounded, connection to epistome and epistome itself symmetrical, epistome with anterior keel. Lower lip (Fig. 21): inner lobes absent. Left mandible (Figs 21 -23): palp article 2 with 2 apical setae, article 3 absent; incisor 5+ toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 3 setose accessory blades; molar bearing plumose seta, several combed or brushy basal setae, other pubescence. Right mandible (Fig. 22): incisor 5-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, narrow, denticulate; accessory blades of 3 plumose spines. Left first maxilla (Fig. 21): palp article 2 with 5 thin apical spines and 4 subterminal facial or apicolateral setae, outer plate with 7 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 5 apical setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 21): palp symmetrical with left first maxilla; outer plate with 8 (aberrant) spines. Second maxilla (Fig. 21): outer plate outer apical margin without spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate with 6 marginal thick setae. Maxilliped (Figs 21, 22): palp article 3 lacking setae on inner edge, no lateral setae, face with linear row of 3 setae, apex not strongly produced, not rugose; inner plate (Fig. 22) with 4 thick spines and several plumose setae apically, medial row of 4 plumose setae, and I ventrofacial spine. First gnathopod (Fig. 22): coxal plate with 9 short setules anteriorly and apically, no posteroventral setule; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus slightly elongate, not lobate; propodus subrectangular (trapezoidal), longer than wide, posterolateral angle rounded and weakly bulbous, posterior edge with I acclivity and I set of setae, with 2 medial and 3 lateral spines (in the way we interpret these spines compared to other species other species in our work), lateral spines slightly elongate, palm transverse, convex, minutely serrate: dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 22): much enlarged; article 5 short and weakly lobate, article 6 almond-shaped, palm oblique, palmar corner with I lateral hadziid seta (see Barnard & Barnard, 1983) and 2 mediofacial spines, posterior margin with 3 setose acclivities, setae ofhadziid or eriopisellid form; dactyl strongly curved, fitting palm; coxal plate with 10 setules. Pereopods (Figs 22, 23): coxa 3 with 9 anteroapical setules, coxa 4 emarginate, with 10 anteroventral setules and I posteroventral setule; pereopods 3--4 longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 longer than 4, articles 4-5 weakly setose posteriorly, posterior spine formula on article 6 = 2-2-2-2 and 2-2-2-2; pereopods 5-7 similar, but progressively longer, each with 2 locking spines; coxae 5-6 bearing setule on posteroventral margin of posterior lobes, on pereopod 5 article 2 weakly expanded and minutely lobate posteroventrally, no lobe on pereopods 6-7, bearing thin short posterior setae in serration notches; dactyls of pereopods 3- 7 with one facial setule at nail margin plus 2 setules more marginally. Gills of coxae 2-6 paddle-shaped, weakly pediculate, of pereopod 6 reduced, about half as long and one quarter as voluminous as gill 4, gill sizes progressively small in order: 4, 3, 2, 5, 6. Oostegites slender but lacking setae. Sternal (gills) processes: None. Epimera (Fig. 23): each epimeron with small posteroventral tooth, posterior margins weakly convex, with 1-1-4 posterior setules, epimeron I naked below, epimera 2-3 with facial spine formula of 1-2. Pleon (Fig. 23): each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1- 3 with following setal formula, I-I-I, pleonites 4- 6 with dorsolateral spine formula of 0-1-0. Uropod 3 strongly extending beyond uropods I and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod I: uropod 2 = 0.60, 3 = 1.3. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; peduncles of 1-3 with I lateral, I basal and no other setae, outer rami shorter than inner by length of 2 inner articles, outer with 9-9-9 articles, inner with 8-8-8 articles, setae on basal articles = 4-1-1-4, 3-1-1-3, 2-1-1-3, bifid basomedial setae on inner rami = 3-2-2 (of the total of 4-3--3 setae present on basal article). First uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle length 1.4 rami; I large basofacial spine on outer face; outer margin with 2 apicodistal spines besides row of 3 dorsal spines, with 3 spines medially; rami of subequal length, only inner ramus with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 2-2, each ramus with 4 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle about 1.0 length of inner ramus, with 3 dorsolateral spines, medial margin with one apical spine; outer ramus shorter than inner, with 2 dorsal spines, only inner with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 1-2, apices with 3 and 4 spines each. Third uropod (Fig. 23): peduncle length 0.36 outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3, with one medial spine, one dorsolateral and 2 ventrolateral spines; outer ramus proximal article with 3 lateral and 3 medial ranks of 3-4 spines each, apicolateral corner with 3 spines, apicomedial corner with 3 spines; article 2 small. Telson (Fig. 23): 0.80 as long as wide, scarcely shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 100 percent of its length; apices each with spine in apicolateral notch, 2 apical spines on medial side of apical cusp, 1 apicomedial spine, 2 apicolateral penicillate setules, and each lobe with single member or pair of lateral (or partly dorsal) spines at M.37. Description of allotype (male "z"). Body: length 4.55 mm. Like female but gnathopod 2 slightly and many other body parts less setose mainly owing to slightly smaller body size or lesser maturation. Gills 2 and 3 heavily infested with surficial protozoans. Description of other material. Specimen "a" (Fig. 21): female, length 4.09 mm. Specimen "x": female, length 4.36 mm. Left mandible with 4 rakers. Outer plate of left and right maxillae 1 with 7 spines (thus holotype aberrant). Specimen "b": juvenile, length 2.86 mm. All taxonomic characters identifiable; examples showing lesser development than adults as follows: primary flagellum of antenna 1 with 12 articles, of antenna 2 with 6 articles; tooth on palm of gnathopod 2 rudimentary, one medial defining spine only, defined laterally with one hadziid seta joined by 2 thin setules, posterior margin of propodus with 2 setal positions, anterior margin with 4 setal positions; posterior armament formula on article 6 of pereopod 3 = e-e-ss; article 1 of uropod 3 with 2 lateral and 3 medial spine sets; telson with only 3 apical spines on each lobe plus normal setules. Illustrations. Left mandible of holotype with dotted seta added in place where right seta present (Fig. 22); other specimens with this seta present on left mandible. Holotype selected because of completeness of all legs but bearing two aberrations: eight spines on outer plate of one maxilla 1 and lack of left molarial seta. Distribution. South Australia,Flinders Ranges, in streams, springs., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 194-197, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824, {"references":["Barnard, IL. & C. M. Barnard, 1983. Freshwater Amphipoda of the World, 1. Evolutionary Patterns. H. Handbook and Bibliography. Hayfield Associates, Mount VenXlll, Virginia. Pp. 1 - 830."]}

Chillagoe thea n.sp. Figs 18-20 Etymology. Named for the type locality. Type locality. Tea Tree Cave, from freshwater pool III cave, Chillagoe, Queensland. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44066), female "k" 5.81 mm, in type series collected 22 August 1973, A. V. Spain collector. Other material from type series (PARATYPES), female "I" (P44067) 4.98 mm, female "m" (P44068) 5.27 mm, female "n" (P44069, unmeasured), juvenile "0" (P44070) 3.80 mm and 23 other specimens (P44071, no males). Other material: same locality, 23 August 1973, A.v. Spain collector, 9 specimens (P44072). Diagnosis. As in the genus. Description of holotype (female "k"). Body (like Protocrangonyx in Williams & Barnard, 1988, fig. 63): pleon poorly armed dorsally, armament bilateral, total dorsal setae on pleonites 1 -3 = 2-4-4, spinules on pleonites 4-6 = 2-2-0; length, 5.8 mm. Head: rostrum obsolescent; eyes absent. First antenna: length 0.53 of body, 1.6 second antenna, flagellum longer than peduncle, peduncular article 1 longest, article 3 shortest, setae sparse, distoventral corner of article 1 with strong spine, flagellum with 17 articles, lacking conspicuous aesthetascs, accessory flagellum 2-articulate, reaching middle of article 2 of primary flagellum, articles uniform after first 4, sparsely setulate. Second antenna: length 0.33 body; peduncle longer than flagellum, articles 4-5 of equal length, articles 3, 4 and 5 with poor to moderate ventral setation; flagellum 5-articulate, poorly setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Upper lip (Fig. 18): apical margin evenly rounded, connection to epistome and epistome itself symmmetrical, epistome with anterior keel. Lower lip (Fig. 18): without inner lobes. Left mandible (Fig. 18): palp article 3 [aberrant], article 2 with 7 medial marginal setae; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4-toothed, 4 setose accessory blades; molar bearing plumose seta, several penicillate hooked brushy basal setae, other pubescence. Right mandible (Fig. 18): incisor 4-toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, narrow, denticulate; accessory blades of 7 plumose spines, palp article 3 shorter than 2, setae = 15D, 3E. Left first maxilla (Fig. 18): palp article 2 with 7 thin apical spines and 1 barely subterminal facial seta, outer plate with 9 spines, most denticulate; inner plate with 2 apicomedial setae. Rightfirst maxilla (Fig. 18): palp article 2 with 5 thick apical and medial spines fully articulated to segment, one thin seta apicolaterally. Second maxilla (Fig. 18): outer plate outer apical margin without spinule, apicomedial margin of inner plate with 1 weakly submarginal thick seta. Maxilliped (Fig. 18): palp article 3 with sparse ranks of thin setae on inner edge, no lateral setae, face with linear row of 3 setae, apex not strongly produced, not rugose; inner plate with 2 thick spines and several plumose setae apically, medial row of 3 plumose setae, and 1 ventrofacial spine; outer plate with 8 thick spines medially. First gnathopod (Fig. 18): coxal plate with 3 short setules anteroapically, with 1 posteroventral setule; article 4 without posterior hump; carpus thick, short, lobate; propodus subrectangular, longer than wide, posterolateral angle rounded, posterior edge with 3 acclivities and 3 sets of setae, with 2 medial and 5 lateral spines, one lateral spine elongate, palm oblique, convex; dactylus reaching end of palm. Second gnathopod (Fig. 19): of similar size to gnathopod 1; article 5 short and lobate but longer than on gnathopod 1, article 6 more evenly rectangular, palm oblique, palmar corner with 5 lateral and 4 medial spines, posterior margin with 5 setose acclivities; dactyl strongly curved, fitting palm; setation of coxal plate like coxa 1. Pereopods (Figs 19, 20): coxa 3 with 6 anterior setae and one posteroventral setule, coxa 4 barely emarginate, with 8 anteroventral and 3 posteroventral setae; pereopods 3-4 not longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 scarcely longer than 4, article 4 weakly setose posteriorly, article 5 weakly spinosetose posteriorly, posterior spine formula = se-se-s-2se and se-se-s-2se, posterior margin of article 6 on left pereopod 3 with spine formula of 2-2-2-2-2-1- 2, on right = 2-2-2-2-2-2, on pereopod 4 = 2s-2s-2se-2se- 2s; pereopods 5-7 similar, each with 2 locking spines; coxae 5- 7 bearing spines or setae on posteroventral margin of posterior lobes, article 2 expanded and lobate posteroventrally, thinner on pereopod 7, bearing thin short posterior setae; dactyls of pereopods 3 -7 with one main spinule, one facial setule at nail margin plus tiny accessory setule rudiments. Gills (Fig. 20) of coxae 2- 6 sausage shaped, of pereopod 6 not reduced. Oostegites slender but lacking setae, shrivelled basally and appearing short. Sternal (gills) processes (Fig. 19): segments 2-6 with sausage-shaped sternal gills in central pairs. Epimera (Fig. 20): each epimeron posteroventrally subquadrate, posterior margins scarcely convex, with 1- 2 posterior setules, epimeron 1 with 1 ventral setule, epimera 2 -3 with facial spine formula of 2-2. Pleon (Fig. 20): each dorsolateral posterior margin of pleonites 1-3 with following setal formula, 1-2-2, pleonites 4- 6 with dorsolateral spine formula of 1-1-0. Uropod 3 strongly extending beyond uropods 1 and 2 in entire animal, uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.50, 3 = 0.86. Pleopods: retinacula 2 per pleopod, no accessories; peduncles without setae, outer rami shorter than inner by length of 2 inner articles, outer with 10-10-9 articles, inner with 8-8-8 articles, setae on basal articles = 1-1-1-2 on all pleopods, none bifid. First uropod (Fig. 20): peduncle length 1.2 rami; 1 large basofacial spine on outer face; outer margin with 3 apicodistal spines besides row of 4 dorsal spines, with 1 apical spine medially; rami of subequal length, only inner ramus with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 2-2, with outer ramus with 2 ventromedial spines, each ramus with 4 apical spines. Second uropod (Fig. 20): peduncle about 0.75 length of inner ramus, with 1 dorsolateral spine, 2 apicals, medial margin with one apical spine; outer ramus shorter than inner, with 2 dorsomedial spines, only inner ramus with 2 rows of marginal spines in formula of 2-2, apices each with 5 spines. Third uropod (Fig. 20); peduncle length 0.28 outer ramus, longer than urosomite 3, with one medial seta, one dorsolateral and 2 ventrolateral spines; outer ramus proximal article with 5 lateral and 5 medial ranks of 2 -3 spines each, apicolateral corner with 2 spines, apicomedial corner with 5 spines; article 2 small. Telson (Fig. 20): 1.25 longer than wide, scarcely shorter than urosomite 3; cleft 70 percent of its length; apices each with spine in notch, 1 apical setule, and each lobe with pair of penicillate setules dorsolaterally at M.70. Notes of minor items on holotype: left mandibular palp article 2 with 7 medial setae, one seta on apicodorsal corner unlike right palp, setae of article 3 = 4D, 3E. Description of other material. Specimen "1": female, length 4.98 mm. Left mandibular palp article 3 with setal formula of 14D, 4E (thus left palp on holotype is abnormal); left article 6 of pereopod 3 with posterior spine formula of 2-1-2-2-2-2-2; epimeron 1 lacking posterior setule, face of epimeron 2 with only 1 spine, epimeron 3 lacking direct posterior setule, one at corner present; inner ramus of uropod 1 with 3 marginal spines; lateral margin of ramus on uropod 3 with only 4 sets of spines. Specimen "0": juvenile, length 3.80 mm. Epimeron 1 lacking ventral spine, epimera 2-3 each with 1 facial spine, only one posteroventral spine; uropod 1 as in holotype, uropod 2 like holotype but outer ramus with only 1 marginal spine, inner ramus formula, lateral = 0-1, medial = 1-1; outer ramus of uropod 3 with only 4 lateral sets of spines. Specimen "m" (Figs 18, 19): female, length 5.27 mm. Distribution. Queensland, Chillagoe, Tea Tree Gully, from freshwater pool in cave. "Melitoid" Genera, Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 187-192, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824

Austrogammarus Barnard & Karaman, 1984 Austrogammarus Barnard & Karaman, 1984: 60 -61. Type species. Gammarus australis Sayce, 1901, by original designation. For the generic diagnoses, additional description, characters of interspecific value and sexual attributes see Williams & Barnard (1988: 16--17). Relationships. Austrogammarus is regarded as the basic (most primitive) genus of Australian paramelitids. Composition. This genus now includes seven species: A. australis (Sayce), A. smithi Williams & Barnard, A. haasei (Sayee), A. sayeei Williams & Barnard, A. spinatus Williams & Barnard, A. multispinatus Williams & Barnard and A. telsosetosus n.sp. Keys to the first six of these species, based upon the most prominent specific differences, were given by Williams & Barnard (1988: 16 -17). In these keys, A. telsosetosus keys to A. multispinatus. These two species differ only slightly from each other (see remarks under Relationships below)., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824, {"references":["Sayce, O. A., 1901. Art. XVH. - Description of some new Victorian freshwater Amphipoda. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n. s.) 13: 225 - 242."]}

Austrogammarus telsosetosus n.sp. Figs 1 - 4 Etymology. Named for the basalwards extension of setae on the telson. Type locality. Creek flowing into Lake Bonney, South Australia, beyond wood plant effluent outflow. Material examined. HOLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44058), female "q" 9.76 mm, in type series collected 21 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 967 "1: 280, 000 329 390". ALLOTYPE (Australian Museum, P44059) same sample, male "s" 7.42 mm. Other measured specimens, female "r" (P44060) 9.00 mm and male "t" (P44061) 7.70 mm. Five other specimens (P44062) in same sample. Tributary of Eight Mile Creek, South Australia, 22 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 969 "1: 50, 000 824 900," juvenile "w" (P44063) 4.95 mm, female "v" 10.70 mm and 5 other specimens. Cress Creek, at Port MacDonnell, South Australia, 22 November 1977, P. & D. Suter collectors, sample number 971, male "u" (P44064) 5.91 mm. Other material: Eight Mile Creek, South Australia, January 1980, Keith F. Walker collector, 9 specimens (P44065). Diagnosis. Flagellum of antenna 2 poorly setose and bearing calceoli in male. Coxae 1-4 weakly to not setose ventrally, coxa 4 lacking ventral setae, only with posteroventral setae and several anteroventral setae, coxae 1- 3 with several posterior spines. Coxa 4 with posteroventral lobe unusually weak. Gnathopods dimorphic between the sexes, palmar corners in male not bent outward, with 10 spines. Posterior spines on article 6 of pereopods 3-4 in single sets, without group of setae placed between spine sets 1 and 2, formula thus 2-2-3-2-2-1 (all spines) and 2-4-3-4-3; lateral spine formulae on article 5 of pereopods 3 and 4 = 3-1-2-1 and 4-4-4- 1; article 2 of pereopods 5- 7 with short setae; setae of articles 4-6 of pereopods 5-7 short and of low density; article 4 of only pereopod 7 short. Epimeron 1 without anteroventral setae. Urosomal setation dorsally short and stiff; pleonites 4-5 with 4+ dorsolateral spines on each side, with one or two additional dorsomedial sets of 1- 2 spines, pleonite 6 with 2-4 spines on each side, formulae from medial to lateral on one side only, pleonite 4 = 1-2-4 or 1-1-5, pleonite 5 = 0-2-4, pleonite 6 = 0-2 or 0-4, often with incipiently thickened small spinules in middle of segment; none of uropods 1-2 with setae on peduncles and inner rami, apicolateral corner of peduncle on uropod 1 with 2 spines only, on uropod 2 with 2 spines only, medial spines on peduncle of uropod 1 (distal to proximal = 1-1-1-1), setae in same sets = 0, on uropod 2 = 1-1-1-1 and 0; uropod 3 strongly setose, inner ramus reaching to about M. 33 in female and M. 60 in male on outer ramus, with one subapical spine in female only, apex with many setae and 2 long hooked spines in male placed towards medial side, with 2 widely separated spines in female, medial margin with setae in tandem, lateral margin with setae in male, with spine in female; article 1 on outer ramus with spine sets laterally and medially mixed with setae arranged in clusters, article 2 small, with short apical setae. Telson fully cleft, lobes separable, spinose and setose, setae extending more basalwards than in A. muitispinatus. Description of holotype (female "q"). Body (Figs 3, 4): p1eon dorsally setose, setation dense and transverse on pleonites 1 -3, setae very short and confined to margins of segments, pleonites 4-6 with spine-seta rows weakly ranked longitudinally but generally in transverse band; length, 9.76 mm. Head (Fig. 1): eyes absent. First antenna (Fig. 1): length 0.57 ofbody, 1.3 second antenna, flagellum much longer than peduncle, setae sparse; accessory flagellum 6-7 articulate, reaching past article 7 of primary flagellum. Second antenna (Fig. 1): length 0.40 body; peduncle as long as flagellum, articles 4 and 5 equal in length, articles 3, 4 and 5 with weak ventral setation; flagellum 21 articulate, setose ventrally, lacking calceoli. Left mandible: setae of palp article 3 = 4, 2A, 3, 5B, many D, 2E; incisor 5-toothed, lacinia mobilis 4- toothed, 6 setose accessory blades; molar (Fig. 1) with short setose spines. Right mandible (Fig. 1): incisor 4- toothed; lacinia mobilis bifid, denticulate: accessory blades of 3 setose spines and vestigial fourth; molar with short plumose seta. Left first maxilla (Fig. 1): palp article 2 with 11 thin apical spines and 4 scarcely subterminal facial setae; inner plate with 13 widely spread medial setae. Right first maxilla (Fig. 1): pa1p article 2 with 8 thick apical spines articulated to segment and one articulate apicolateral spine. Second maxilla (Fig. 1): outer margin of outer plate with one short seta: inner margin of inner plate with strongly submarginal row of many setae. First gnathopod (Fig. 2): coxal plate sparsely setose marginally, posterior margin with 4 (aberrantly 7) spines; carpus weakly elongate, unlobed; propodus rectangular, longer than wide, posterolateral angle ordinary, palm oblique, curved. Second gnathopod (Fig. 2): slightly longer and thinner than first gnathopod, carpus elongate; coxal plate with 6 posterior spines. Pereopods (Figs 1, 2, 4): coxa 3 with 5 posterior spines, coxa 4 lacking setae below and lacking posterior spines, deeply emarginate, but posterior lobe not as long as in A. multispinatus; pereopods 3-4 not longer than gnathopod 2, pereopod 3 longer than 4, article 4 moderately setose posteriorly. Epimera (Fig. 3): all epimera with small posteroventral tooth, each with short posterior setules, epimera I, 2 and 3 with I, 6 and 7 ventrofacial spines. Uropod lengths relative to uropod 1: uropod 2 = 0.60, 3 = 0.73. Pleopods}-3: peduncular setae = successively: 9 apicolateral; 8 apicolateral, 6-4-2 lateral, 4 basomedial; 5 apicolateral, 4-6 basolateral, 4 basomedial; coupling hooks = 2, accessory spines = 2; articles of outer rami = 20-20-19, of inner rami = 17-17-16, setae of basal article for each ramus laterally to medially = 7-2-3-8, 5-3-2-7 and 4-1-1-7. First uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle length 1.2 x length of rami. Second uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle 1.2 inner rami. Third uropod (Fig. 3): peduncle length 0.37 outer ramus, about same length as urosomite 3; proximal article with 6 medial and 6 lateral transverse spine-setae; inner ramus length 0.33 of outer. Telson (Fig. 4): about as long as urosomite 3; fully cleft; apices strongly setose, dorsum of each lobe with one spine and numerous setae, several of these basal and basolateral setae extending to M.40. Description of other material. Specimen "t" (Figs 1 - 4): male: length 7.70 mm; like female but article 5 of antenna 2 (Fig. I) with 4 calceoli, basal articles past article 1 of flagellum each with calceolus (antennae of available males otherwise broken). Propodi of gnathopods (Fig. 2) expanded, carpi shortened, medial defining spines of palm 4, lateral 6. Coxa 4 (Fig. 2) more strongly produced but not as strongly as in A. multispinatus. Peduncle of uropod 3 (Fig. 4) with 3 apicolateral spines (only 2 showing in figure), with 6 ventral spines (not shown); inner ramus reaching to M.60 on outer ramus, apex with 2 hooked spines, medial margin widely setose, article 1 of outer ramus with number of spine-setal ranks much reduced (but body length of male much shorter than in female), medial base more widely setose. Five lateral setae (or setal positions, one positions with 2 setae) on each side. Specimen "r": female; 9.00 mm; spines on article 5 on pereopod 3 = 5-1-1, on pereopod 4 = 5-1-2-1-0 (last position bearing seta only); total spines on left article 2 of pereopod 3 (proximal to distal) = 2-2-2-2-2, on right pereopod 3 = 1-2-2-1-2, on left pereopod 4 = 2- 2-3-3-2. Specimen "v": female, 10.70 mm, spines on one side of pleonites 4-6 = 5-4-3. Specimen "u": male, 5.91 mm, coxa 4 illustrated for varietal shape. Specimen "w": juvenile, 4.95 mm, urosome (Fig. 3) spine counts on one side of urosomites 4-6 = 2-2-2 or 3-4-2 (variable). Illustrations. The lower lip and maxilliped are like A. australis but the maxilliped is even more setose and spinose. Relationship. Differing only slightly from A. multispinatus and perhaps a subspecies of it. The two taxa are separated by a distance of 800 km. Austrogammarus telsosetosus differs fromA. multispinatus in the slightly larger count of dorsal spines on the pleonites in adults, the basalwards extension of setation on the telson and the slightly shorter lobe on coxa 4. Distribution. South-eastern South Australia just west of border with Victoria, streams (blind, therefore possibly hypogean, living as epigeans only in vicinity of emergent springs)., Published as part of Barnard, J. Laurens & Williams, W. D., 1995, The taxonomy of freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Australian fresh waters: Part 2, pp. 161-201 in Records of the Australian Museum 47 (2) on pages 162-167, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.47.1995.236, http://zenodo.org/record/4654824