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As the largest genus within Paraphlomideae, the biodiversity of Paraphlomis remains to be explored. Here, P. strictiflora, a new species endemic to Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province, southwest China, is described and illustrated. Both our molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three plastid DNA markers (rpl32-trnL, rps16, and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS) and morphological comparisons supported the treatment of P. strictiflora as a distinct species within Paraphlomis. Morphologically, P. strictiflora is most similar to P. lanceolata but can be distinguished by its much longer and conspicuously 5-veined calyx with triangular teeth, and white corolla with a straight lower lip.

Paraphlomis strictiflora J.C. Yuan, B. Chen & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Type:— CHINA. Guizhou Province, Yinjiang County, Yangjiaping, in the forest or at streamside. 27°51′19.97″N, 108°31′55.90″E, alt. 871m, 21 Jul. 2022, Y. Zhao et al. XCL2120 (holotype: KUN!; isotypes: CSH!, K!, KUN!, PE!). Diagnosis:— Paraphlomis strictifora is morphologically most similar to P. lanceolata Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 922), but differs in its 9–12 mm long (vs. 5–7 mm) and conspicuously (vs. inconspicuously) 5-veined calyces with triangular (vs. broadly ovate-triangular) teeth, and white (vs. yellow to yellowish white) corollas with straight (vs. obviously reflexed) lower lips. Description:— Perennial herbs, stoloniferous. Stems erect, 50–70 cm tall, rarely branched, 4-angled, sulcate, base glabrous, apex retrorsely strigose, leafless toward the base. Leaves opposite; lamina ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, herbaceous, 7–16 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, base cuneate-decurrent, margin coarsely dentateserrate, adaxially dark-green, sparsely hirsute, abaxially whitish green, sparsely hirsute on veins, lateral veins 3–5 paired; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm long. Verticillasters 2–6-flowered, widely spaced, bracteoles subulate, 1–2 mm long, sparsely strigose, pedicels ca. 2 mm long. Calyx green, obconical, 9–12 mm long, 3–4 mm in diam at apex, sparsely hispidulous on veins outside, glabrous inside, conspicuously 5-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, 2–3 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, apex acute, margin hispidulous. Corolla white, 16–18 mm long; tube 8–10 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, straight, pubescent annulate inside at 1/4 towards base; 2-lipped, lips subparallel, upper lip oblong, entire, erect, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, densely pubescent outside, lower lip spreading and straight, ca. 8 mm long, 3-lobed, medium lobe largest, trapeziform, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, margin entire, lateral lobes reflexed. Stamens 4, straight, anterior 2 longer, filament sparsely pubescent, posterior 2 shorter, filament densely pubescent, anther cells 2. Style glabrous, ca. 1.8 cm, long apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous, truncate at apex. Mericarps not seen. Phenology:— Flowering from July to August. Etymology:— The specific epithet traces back to the distinct corolla of the new species compared with that of other species of Paraphlomis, with both lips of the corolla straight and not reflexed. Distribution and habitat:— Paraphlomis strictiflora is currently only known from Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve in Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 3). Affected by the Southeast Asia Pacific monsoon, the Fanjing Mountains are located in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone (Tsai et al. 2018). The new species grows on moist rocks at the streamside in evergreen broad-leaved forests at an altitude of ca. 900 m. Common name (assigned here):— zhi hua jia cao su (ĦAE假ďḟ; Chinese name). The name means a species of Paraphlomis with straight corolla in English. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— CHINA. Guizhou Province: Yinjiang County, Chanxi Town, 27°51’19.54″N, 108°31’55.2″E, alt. 857 m, 22 Jul. 2021, B. Chen et al. CB05956 (CSH). Specimens of P. lanceolata examined: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Wugang City, Yunshan (Mt. Yun), 7 Aug. 1918, H. Handel-Mazzetti 2540 (holotype: WU0063810; isotypes: E00284169, IBSC0005125, GH00001399); Yunshan National Forest Park, 25 Jun. 2021, A. Liu & Y.K. Gong WGYS085 (KUN); Ningyuan County, Jiuyi Mountain Conservation Area, 11 Jun. 2020, A. Liu & C. Ding LK0825 (KUN); Guidong County, Oujiang Town, 11 Jul. 2020, C. Z. Huang s.n. (KUN); Yanling County, Jiuqushui, C.C. Liu et al. LXP-13-23944 (SYS00198865). Jiangxi Province: Luxi County, Wugongshan (Mt. Wugong), 26 Jun. 2017, R.L. Liu & Z.B. Tang 170626012 (GNNU0006350); Ji’an City, Jinggangshan (Mt. Jinggang), 19 Jun. 1965, S.S. Lai 4198 (KUN0277270); ibid., 9 Jul. 1965, S.S. Lai et al. 4403 (KUN0277698)., Published as part of Yuan, Jing-Chen, Chen, Ya-Ping, Zhao, Yue, Li, Hai-Bo, Chen, Bin & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Paraphlomis strictiflora (Lamioideae, Lamiaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China, pp. 276-286 in Phytotaxa 575 (3) on pages 278-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7431324, {"references":["Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Paraphlomis. In: Handel-Mazzetti, H. (Ed.) Symbolae Sinicae vol. 7. Springer, Vienna, pp. 921 - 922. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 878","Tsai, Y. H., Stow, D., Chen, H. L., Lewison, R., An, L. & Shi, L. (2018) Mapping vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve using Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing 10: 927. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / rs 10060927"]}

Paraphlomis strictiflora J.C. Yuan, B. Chen & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Type:— CHINA. Guizhou Province, Yinjiang County, Yangjiaping, in the forest or at streamside. 27°51′19.97″N, 108°31′55.90″E, alt. 871m, 21 Jul. 2022, Y. Zhao et al. XCL2120 (holotype: KUN!; isotypes: CSH!, K!, KUN!, PE!). Diagnosis:— Paraphlomis strictifora is morphologically most similar to P. lanceolata Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 922), but differs in its 9–12 mm long (vs. 5–7 mm) and conspicuously (vs. inconspicuously) 5-veined calyces with triangular (vs. broadly ovate-triangular) teeth, and white (vs. yellow to yellowish white) corollas with straight (vs. obviously reflexed) lower lips. Description:— Perennial herbs, stoloniferous. Stems erect, 50–70 cm tall, rarely branched, 4-angled, sulcate, base glabrous, apex retrorsely strigose, leafless toward the base. Leaves opposite; lamina ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, herbaceous, 7–16 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, base cuneate-decurrent, margin coarsely dentateserrate, adaxially dark-green, sparsely hirsute, abaxially whitish green, sparsely hirsute on veins, lateral veins 3–5 paired; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm long. Verticillasters 2–6-flowered, widely spaced, bracteoles subulate, 1–2 mm long, sparsely strigose, pedicels ca. 2 mm long. Calyx green, obconical, 9–12 mm long, 3–4 mm in diam at apex, sparsely hispidulous on veins outside, glabrous inside, conspicuously 5-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, 2–3 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, apex acute, margin hispidulous. Corolla white, 16–18 mm long; tube 8–10 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, straight, pubescent annulate inside at 1/4 towards base; 2-lipped, lips subparallel, upper lip oblong, entire, erect, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, densely pubescent outside, lower lip spreading and straight, ca. 8 mm long, 3-lobed, medium lobe largest, trapeziform, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, margin entire, lateral lobes reflexed. Stamens 4, straight, anterior 2 longer, filament sparsely pubescent, posterior 2 shorter, filament densely pubescent, anther cells 2. Style glabrous, ca. 1.8 cm, long apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous, truncate at apex. Mericarps not seen. Phenology:— Flowering from July to August. Etymology:— The specific epithet traces back to the distinct corolla of the new species compared with that of other species of Paraphlomis, with both lips of the corolla straight and not reflexed. Distribution and habitat:— Paraphlomis strictiflora is currently only known from Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve in Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 3). Affected by the Southeast Asia Pacific monsoon, the Fanjing Mountains are located in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone (Tsai et al. 2018). The new species grows on moist rocks at the streamside in evergreen broad-leaved forests at an altitude of ca. 900 m. Common name (assigned here):— zhi hua jia cao su (ĦAE假ďḟ; Chinese name). The name means a species of Paraphlomis with straight corolla in English. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— CHINA. Guizhou Province: Yinjiang County, Chanxi Town, 27°51’19.54″N, 108°31’55.2″E, alt. 857 m, 22 Jul. 2021, B. Chen et al. CB05956 (CSH). Specimens of P. lanceolata examined: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Wugang City, Yunshan (Mt. Yun), 7 Aug. 1918, H. Handel-Mazzetti 2540 (holotype: WU0063810; isotypes: E00284169, IBSC0005125, GH00001399); Yunshan National Forest Park, 25 Jun. 2021, A. Liu & Y.K. Gong WGYS085 (KUN); Ningyuan County, Jiuyi Mountain Conservation Area, 11 Jun. 2020, A. Liu & C. Ding LK0825 (KUN); Guidong County, Oujiang Town, 11 Jul. 2020, C. Z. Huang s.n. (KUN); Yanling County, Jiuqushui, C.C. Liu et al. LXP-13-23944 (SYS00198865). Jiangxi Province: Luxi County, Wugongshan (Mt. Wugong), 26 Jun. 2017, R.L. Liu & Z.B. Tang 170626012 (GNNU0006350); Ji’an City, Jinggangshan (Mt. Jinggang), 19 Jun. 1965, S.S. Lai 4198 (KUN0277270); ibid., 9 Jul. 1965, S.S. Lai et al. 4403 (KUN0277698).

Phlomoides labiosiformis (Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm. = Phlomoides semnanensis Ranjbar & C.Mahmoudi, Feddes Repert. 128: 37. 2017, syn. nov. Other specimens seen: — Afghanistan: Deh Kundi 3–30 km NE Shahrestan 2200 m, 1–2 July 1967, Rechinger 36739 (W!); Bamian inter Bulola et Jugum Shibar 2600–2800 m, 14 June 1962, Rechinger 16861 (W!); Bamian Kuh-i Hisar 2600–2900 m, 23 May 1967, Rechinger 36434 (W!); Kataghan 1500 m, 5 May 1967, Rechinger 33880 (W!); Panjao, in valle 12 km E Panjao 2650–2800 m, 21–22 June 1967, Rechinger 36184 (W!, M!); Herat Sabzak pass on road from Herat to Qala Nau, 15 May 1969, Hedge, Wendelbo, Ekberg W8035 (W!). Turkmenistan: Regio transcaspica, Kisil-Arwat, Karakala, in pratis subalpinis montis Sundsodagh, 1 June 1901, - 1800 (W!); Turcomania, Kopetdag, haud procul ab urbe Kara-Kala, 11 June 1931, Linozewsky et Popov 6431 (W!, M!, K!). Iran: Gorgan 1500–1800 m, 5–8 June 1975, Rechinger 73143 (W!); N Gorgan, steppe 5 km S of Gonbad-e Kavus, 6 April 1968, Baker 81 (W!); Mazandaran 38–46 km NW Fulad Mahalla 1400-1500 m, 30 May 1975, Rechinger 72390 (W!); Amol et Siavicheh 500–1800 m, 21 May 1965, Schmid 5862 (W!); Mazandaran Haraz Valley Above Siah Bisheh 900 m, 27 April 1959, Wendelbo 381 (W!); 30 Miles S Babol 2000 m, 13 May 1961, Stutz 1255 (W!); Khorasan Hazar Masdjid, 7–10 June 1948, Rechinger 5788 (W!); Khorasan Kuh-e Nishapur 1600-1800 m, 30 May 1948, Rechinger 4657 (W!); Khorasan Kopet Dagh 2100–2300 m, 12–13 June 1975, Rechinger 53390 (E!). Note: — Popov (1940) described this taxon as a variety of Phlomoides laciniata (former Eremostachys laciniata var. labiosiformis Popov), but based on the size of upper lip of corolla and calyx, Knorring (1954) recognized this variety as a distinct species, i.e. Eremostachys labiosiformis (Popov) Knorring (= Phlomoides labiosiformis). Recently, Ranjbar & Mahmoudi (2017) described P. semnanensis as a new species allied to P. labiosiformis. They mentioned that P. semnanensis differs from P. labiosiformis by a calyx 15–18 mm (versus 20–28 mm) long and corolla 26–29 mm (versus 35–40 mm) long. However, based on the photos of P. semnanensis in its natural habitat, it seems that the plants were collected at anthesis, and the smaller flower size is due to early collection date and immature plants. Therefore, P. semnanica is considered here as a synonym of P. labiosiformis.

Phlomoides thyrsiflora (Benth.) Salmaki = Phlomoides kermanica Ranjbar & C. Mahmoudi, Webbia 70: 239. 2015, syn. nov. Other specimens seen: — Afghanistan: Helmand Stausee Kajakai (y) Berghange, 1 April 1972, Anders 8335 (W!, G!, M!); Kandahar Dasht beim Flughafen 1000 m, 21 April 1972, Anders 8686 (W!, M!); Kandahar, 29 April 1950, Wurzburg 16370 (W!); Steppe Zwischen Kalat-i Ghilsai and Kandahar, Rechinger 16383 (W!); Tirin, Rechinger 09297 (W!); Tirin, 42 km S Tirin 1800 m, 23 May 1967, Rechinger 35063 (W!); Orozgan 2000–2200 m, 24 May 1967, Rechinger 35203 (W!, E!, G!, K!); Kandahar versus Kalat-i Ghilzai 1300 m, Rechinger 33567 (E!, G!, K!); Tirin, Rechinger 35063 (G!); Kandahar bei Nurmohammadkhan 24 km W Kandahar, 22 April 1977, Podlech & Jarmal 28869 (G!, M!); Griffith 4034 (LE!), Paktia Umgebung, 30.5.1971, Podlech 71/231 (M!); Kandahar Lashkargah 900 m, 17 April 1978, Podlech 30735 (M!); Helmand Kajaki, Freitag & Breokle 4601 (M!). Pakistan: Quetta inter Qila Abdullah, 1600–1900 m, 8 May 1965, Rechinger 28998 (G!, W!, M!); Quetta inter Bostan 1600 m, 10 May 1965, Rechinger 24140 (W!) Beloutchistan environs de Quetta, F. Schmid 1560 (G!); Baluchistan, Zaffar 4899 (K!). Note: —Although Phlomoides thyrsiflora (formerly known as Eremostachys thyrsiflora) has been reported in Iran from Kerman Province by Jamzad (2012), Ranjbar and Mahmoudi ignored this record and described Phlomoides kermanica as a new species based on the samples collected from the same locality. They mentioned that P. kermanica is similar to P. thyrsiflora in habit, stem branching, calyx and bract shape, but it is different mainly because of the smaller size of the plants, leaves, inflorescences as well as calyx, bracts and corolla. In addition, the basal leaves of P. kermanica should be pinnatisect or pinnatipartite against shallowly dentate with few unequal teeth to subentire in P. thyrsiflora (Ranjbar & Mahmoudi 2015). However, P. kermanica falls in the same morphological variation as we observed in several specimens from Afghanistan and Pakistan as the main centers of the diversity of P. thyrsiflora. Thus, here we propose P. kermanica described by Ranjbar & Mahmoudi (2015) as a new synonym of P. thyrsiflora.

Elsholtzia griffithii Hooker (1885: 644, Fig. 2). Type: — East Bengal, the late East India Company, Griffith W ., 3975 (holotype: K!; isotype: P!). Diagnostic characters: — Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. is morphologically similar to E. cyprianii (Pavol.) S. Chow ex Hsu, but can be distinguished from the former by its lanceolate bracts exceeding the flowers, 3.0–4.0 mm long; five calyx-lobes unequal, of which anterior two lobes shorter than three posterior lobes (vs. bracts up to 3.0 mm, generally shorter than flowers, calyx teeth equal in E. cyprianii). Herbs annual, 15–60 cm tall. Stems simple, erect, 4-angled, densely retrorse pubescent or villous. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5–2.0 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 2.0–8.0 cm × 1.0– 2.5 cm, herbaceous, adaxially dark green, puberulent, abaxially densely pubescent, glandular, base broadly cuneate, decurrent, midrib prominent abaxially, lateral veins 4–6 paired, margin crenate-serrate to coarsely serrate, apex acute. Spikes cylindric, 8–15 × 0.5–1.0 cm, terminal, retrorse white pubescent; verticillasters compact; bracts lanceolate, 3.5–4.0 mm long, exceeding the flowers; pedicle nearly absent. Calyx green, tubular-campanulate, ca. 1.8 mm, densely white pubescent outside, teeth 5, lanceolate, ca. 0.8 mm long, anterior 2 calyx lobes shorten, and the posterior frontal lobe is longer than two lateral lobes. Corolla reddish or white, 2–2.5 mm, pubescent and glandular outside, glabrous inside; 2-lipped, upper lip entire or emarginate, middle lobe of lower lip circular, lateral lobes semicircular, margin entire. Stamens 4, straight, exserted from upper lip of corolla, 2 anterior stamens much longer, 3.0– 3.5 mm long, filaments filiform, glabrous. Style much exserted, 2.5–3.0 mm as long as posterior pair of stamens, apex equally two-cleft. Phenology: —Flowering from May to August, fruiting from August to October. Distribution and Habitat: — Bangladesh, China (Guangxi), India, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand (Bongcheewin & Chantaranothai 2008; Hong et al. 2021). Elsholtzia griffithii is currently known from Huanjiang County of Guangxi Province in southern China. It grows on the rocks of field or on the roadside at an altitude of 264–314 m, together with Bidens pilosa Linnaeus (1753: 832), Acalypha australis Linnaeus (1753: 1004), Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus (1753: 435), Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnepain (1911: 349) etc. Elsholtzia griffithii is known only in two locations in Huanjiang County, Guangxi, further exploration may result in the discovery of additional localities for this species. Common name (assigned here): —Chang Bao Xiang Ru (Rfiŧḛ; Chinese name). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia griffithii: — CHINA. Guangxi Province: Huanjiang County, Chuanshan, near the ancient road of Xiazhai village, 25°8′39.53″N, 108°3′5.43″E, on the rock of field, alt. 264 m, 18 May 2021, Sun ZP and Xiao JF DC03 (KUN); Huanjiang County, Chuanshan, on the way from Shangbaidan village to Mulun Nature Reserve, roadside, alt. 314 m, 19 Jun. 2021, Sun ZP and Xiao JF DC06 (KUN). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia cyprianii: — CHINA. Guangxi Province: Jingxi County, Sanhe, Damengtun village, alt. 980 m, 27 Sep. 2010, Huang et al. LYJX0786 (IBK); Jingxi County, Tongling large barranca, alt. 390 m, 8 Dec. 2015, Zhang et al. s.n. (PE); Tianlin County, Langping, Nongyang village, alt. 1300 m, 30 Nov. 2012, Tian Lin Exped. 451029121130030 (GXMG). Jiangxi Province: Xiushui County, Dachun, near Yangjinyunkeng village, alt. 689 m, 28 Oct. 2014, Tan et al. 2125 (KUN). Sichuan Province: Mianning County, alt. 1820 m, 30 Oct. 1993, Zhao ZC 5345 (PE). Yunnan Province: Eryuan County, Dengchuan to Eeyuan on the way, alt. 2050 m, 10 Oct. 2012, Xiang CL 521 (KUN); Kunming City, Panlong District, Xiaoshao village, alt. 2350 m, 19 Oct. 2019, Sun ZP and Zhang BY SZP0006 (KUN); Nanjian County, Gonglang, near Luodihe hydroelectric dam, alt. 1210 m, 30 Dec. 2015, Liu et al. 4627 (KUN); Yangbi County, Shangpingpo, alt. 1854 m, 29 Nov. 2007, Pu CX and Chen WY 2007157 (KUN); Wenshan City, near Wenshanzhuili street, 1404 m, 5 Nov. 2007, Chen WY, Ji YH and Pu CX 2007105 (KUN); Yingjiang County, near Pugahe bridge, alt. 710 m, 14 Dec. 2012, Guo et al. 12 CS5292 (KUN); Dali City, Jizu mountain, alt. 2231 m, 28 Nov. 2007, Pu CX and Chen WY 2007154 (KUN). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia communis: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe City, Lvchun County, Pinghe, alt. 990 m, 15 Feb. 2008, Li R and Zhang HX DZL-253 (KUN); Menghai County, Jingpozuzhai village, alt. 1600 m, 18 Dec. 1986, Huang ZX 38948 (KUN); Mengla County, alt. 590 m, 27 Nov. 1957, Cai XT 80429 (KUN, PE). Additional specimens examined of Elsholtzia pilosa: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Eryuan County, Jiulong village, alt. 2100 m, 11 Oct. 2012, Xiang CL et al. 537 (KUN); Heqing County, Maer mountain, alt. 2546 m, 5 Oct. 2010, Sun et al. SunH-07ZX-3153 (PE); Kunming City, Panlong District, Xiaoshao village, alt. 2350 m, 19 Oct. 2019, Sun ZP and Zhang BY SZP0005 (KUN); Shilin County, Shidulin, alt. 2300 m, 12 Sep. 1958, Wang WC 226 (KUN); Songming County, alt. 2200 m, 9 Oct. 1940, Zhang YB 0017 (IBSC). Tibet: Jilong County, Jipu village, 2745 m, 15 Sep. 2019, Chen et al. EM1208 (KUN); Medog County, alt. 2250 m, 24 Sep. 1982, Li BS and Chen SJ 01045 (PE); Baxoi County, on the way from Ranwu to Zayü, alt. 2702 m, 14 Sep. 2012, Hu et al. 1209064 (KUN)., Published as part of Sun, Zeng-Peng, Zhao, Yue, Bongcheewin, Bhanubonb, Kim, Sangtae, Guo, Guang, Funamoto, Tsuneo, Wang, Huan-Chong & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Systematic placement of Elsholtzia griffithii (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae), a new record from China, pp. 39-50 in Phytotaxa 548 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.548.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6592521, {"references":["Hooker, J. D. (1885) Labiatae. In: Hooker, J. D. (ed.) Flora of British India 4. Reeve & Co., London. pp. 644.","Bongcheewin, B. & Chantaranothai, P. (2008) Two new records of Elsholtzia Willd. (Lamiaceae) from Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 8: 1 - 5.","Hong, J. K., Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. R. & Kim, J. S. (2021) Two unrecorded alien plants of Korean Peninsula: Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. (Urticaceae) and Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. (Lamiaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Resources 34: 89 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.7732 / KJPR. 2021.34.1.089","Gagnepain, F. (1911) Notulae Systematicae. Herbier du Museum de Paris 1: 349."]}

Nepeta badachschanica Kudrjasch., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 9: 18. 1947. Type: ��� Tajikistan, Pamir occidentalis. Inter fl. Jazgulem et Vancz, in viciniis pag. Chej-Chak, 1620 m, 29 September 1932, Lanina 1240 (holotype: LE!). Perennial herbs, 30���50 cm tall. Numerous stems, stout, almost branched from the base, 3���4 mm diameter, white pubescent; internodes 3���6 cm long. Leaves opposite, lamina almost round, at the base slightly heart-shaped, 1.5���3.5 cm long, margine dentate-crenate, abaxially strongly wrinkled, with depressed veins on both sides, densely white pubescent; petioles densely white pubescent, 1.2���4 cm long. Verticillasters with lower peduncles longer than 1 cm, the upper ones are only 0.3���0.5 cm long; floral leaves similar to stem leaves, lamina 7���8 mm long; petioles 5���6 mm long; the uppermost floral leaves are narrow, entire, lanceolate-linear, 5���6�� 1 mm, sessile, white pubescent; the bracts are shorter than half of the calyx, densely pubescent, curved upward; verticillasters 8���15 mm in diameter at fruiting, consisting of 6���8 flowers. The calyx is tubular, two-lipped, almost sessile or on a very short peduncle with 13 veins; the upper lip is three-toothed; the lanceolate teeth are 2 times shorter than the tube, the lower lip is bipartite, the teeth are narrower, 1.5 times shorter than the upper ones. Flowering calyx 7���8 mm, fruiting calyx 9���10 mm, densely pubescent. Corolla 12���13 mm long; tube protrudes slightly from the calyx, expanding towards the pharynx. The upper lip of the corolla is two���lobed, oval, pubescent outside, the lower lobe is tripartite, the lateral lobes are semicircular, triangular, the middle lobe is much wider, not dissected along the edge (Fig. 4). Phenology: ���Flowering from July to September, fruiting from September to October. Distribution, habitat and ecology: ��� Uzbekistan and Tajikistan; new record for Uzbekistan, occurring in southern part Uzbekistan mountain, Babatag and Gissar ridge, mountain Tschulbair. This species grows in colored clays and fine-soil hillsides, 900���1600 m (Tschukervanik 1987) (Fig. 5). Etymology: ���The specific epithet ��� badachschanica ��� derived from Badakhshan, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous region in Tajikistan, the type locality of this species. Common name (assigned here): ��� Badakhshon zufosi (Uzbekistan name). Taxonomic notes: ���Morphologically, Nepeta badachschanica is obviously different from other Central Asia species by having numerous leafy axillary branches (vs. branches less) and general inflorescence paniculate (vs. less branched paniculate) (Pojarkova 1954). Conservation status in Uzbekistan: ��� Nepeta badachschanica Kudrjasch. is distributed in only two localities of southern Uzbekistan: the first population is in the mountain Babatag, the second population is in Gissar ridge, Tschulbair mountain. The distance between the populations is 50 km. In total, there are approximately more than 2,000 individuals in two populations. The populations are not declining; there are no current threats, and the species is very unlikely to become Extinct or Critically Endangered in a short time. Thus N. badachschanica should be classified as Least Concern (LC) based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2019). Additional specimens examined: UZBEKISTAN: Surkhandarya, mountain Babatag, near village Kuruksai, 38��18���15.26���N, 68��16���29.09��� E, 12 Jun. 2019, O . T. Turginov s.n. (TASH!); Surkhandarya, South western Gissar, mountain Tschulbair, near village Sina, 38��23���19.13��� N, 67��39���40.04��� E, 24 May 2020, Pulatov et al. 604-619 (TASH!)., Published as part of Zhao, Yue, Chi, Jian-Cai, Chen, Ya-Ping, Liang, Cun-Zhu, Turginov, Orzimat T., Pulatov, Sardor O., Rakhmatov, Abdurashid A., Aromov, Tolmas B. & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Three new records of Lamiaceae from China and Uzbekistan, pp. 111 in Phytotaxa 531 (2) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5869183, {"references":["Tschukervanik, T. I. (1987) Nepeta L. In: Adylov, A. T. (Ed.) Conspectus florea Asiae Mediae, vol. 9. Tashkent, Academiae Scientiarum URSS, pp. 44 - 57.","Pojarkova, A. I. (1954) Nepeta. In: Shishkin, B. K. & Yuzepchuk, S. V. (Eds.) Flora of the USSR. vol. 20. Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., Moscow, pp. 191 - 292.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee."]}

Phlomoides zenaidae (Popov)Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov, in Opred.Rast.Sred. Azii 9: 101. 1987. ��� Eremostachys zenaidae Popov, in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xix. 71. 1941. Type: ��� Kazakhstan, Eastern Tianshan mountain, Tscharyn river, arid hillsides, 20 June 1937, M. G . Popov. s.n. (holotype: LE!; isotype: LE!). Perennial herbs, 40���60 cm tall. Roots linear-tuberous. Stems erect, subquadrangular, purple, 1���3 branched, glabrous. Basal leaves with petioles 4���6 cm long, white, margin white pilose; lamina oblong, margin coarsely crenate, thick papery, 10 �� 3���4 cm, adaxially green, glabrous, abaxially light green, with sparse, simple and stellate pilose hairs; stem leaves opposite, similar to basal leaves; petioles short, 0.5���1 cm long. Verticillasters 6���10 flowered, distant; floral leaves sessile, rhombus-oblong, subglabrous, margin remotely dentate, shorter than verticillasters, gradually reduced upward; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 6���8 mm long, glabrous, margin sparsely ciliate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 18 mm long, glabrous outside, teeth subequal, 1.5���2 mm long, apical emarginate, with spines 1���1.5 mm long, tufted hairy inside. Corolla purple, ca. 3.5 cm long, 2-lipped; upper lip ca. 15 mm long, galeate, densely stellate tomentose outside, margin entire, glabrous inside, margin ciliate; lower lip 3-lobed, ca. 20 mm long, flabellate, middle lobe largest, oblong, lateral lobes ovate; tube slender, ca. 18 mm long, annulate pilose inside near base. Stamens 4, included, glabrous, posterior filaments with upwardly curved appendages at base. Style included, apex unequally 2-lobbed. Mericarps elliptic, glabrous (Fig. 1). Phenology: ���Flowering from May to July, fruiting from July to September. Distribution, habitat and ecology: ��� China and Kazakhstan; new record for China, occurring in Nilka County, Xinjiang province. It grows on arid gravel hillsides, 1100���1200 m, together with other species, such as Ixiolirion songaricum Ping Yan (1996: 605), Scutellaria przewalskii Juzepczuk (1951: 400), Ziziphora tenuior Linnaeus (1753: 21), etc. (Fig. 2). Etymology: ���The specific epithet refers to a Russian botanist Zinaida Petrovna Bochantseva. Common name (assigned here): ���Xin jiang sha sui (��������ffi; Chinese name). Taxonomic notes: ���Morphologically, Phlomoides zenaidae is obviously different from other Chinese species by posterior lip being glabrous inside with an entire margin (vs. posterior lip bearded inside with a denticulate margin). Conservation status in China: ��� Phlomoides zenaidae is restricted to one locality in Nilka County, Xinjiang province. In total, approximately 1,000 individuals were found in a semiarid desert grassland. This species maybe easily threatened by habitat lose. Thus P. zenaidae should be classified as Vulnerable (VU: D1) based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2019). Additional specimens examined: KAZAKHSTAN: Almaty province, Zhungar Alata, Charin river, 1100 m, 21 May 2019, Ziyoviddin Yusupov & Maxhmudjanov Dilmurod ZD 1134 (KUN!); Zailiyskiy Alatau, eastern end of the Turaigyr ridge, near the Charyn river, rocky slopes, 15 May 1953, V. P . Goloskov s.n. (MW!). CHINA: Xinjiang province, Nilka County, Keling Village, 1200 m, 26 Sep. 2020, J. C . Chi 1265 (KUN!)., Published as part of Zhao, Yue, Chi, Jian-Cai, Chen, Ya-Ping, Liang, Cun-Zhu, Turginov, Orzimat T., Pulatov, Sardor O., Rakhmatov, Abdurashid A., Aromov, Tolmas B. & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Three new records of Lamiaceae from China and Uzbekistan, pp. 111 in Phytotaxa 531 (2) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5869183, {"references":["Yan, P. (1996) Ixiolirion songaricum. In: Yan, P. (Ed.) Flora Xinjiangensis 6. Xinjiang Sciences and technology and hygiene Publishing house, Urumqi, pp. 605.","Juzepczuk, S. V. (1951) Scutellarum novarum decades i-iv. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariia Botanicheskogo Instituta imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR 14: 400.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee."]}

Phlomoides baldschuanica (Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov, in Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 95. 1987. ��� Eremostachys baldschuanica Regel, in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 9, 2: 541. 1886. = Eremostachys baldschuanica var. trautvetteriana (Regel) Popov, Novye Mem. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. 19: 107. 1940. Type: ��� Tajikistan, Amudarya in the eastern Buchara region Tschorabdarra, the river Kysylsu baldschuan, 1828 m, June 1884, A . Regel s.n. (holotype: LE!). Perennial herbs, 60���90 cm tall. Stems erect, glabrous or with sparse simple and stellate trichomes, more densely pubescent on nodes. Basal leaves oblong elliptical, 15���30 �� 10���12 cm long, wedge-shaped or round at the base, large and shallowly or pinnately lobed, margin crenate, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose, abaxially sparsely stellate pilose, denser on veins, petioles 6���13 cm long; stem leaves similar, smaller, petioles short. Verticillasters multi-flowered; floral leaves ovoid, margin crenate, sessile, longer than verticillasters at inflorescence base, becoming shorter than them above; bracts lanceolate, rigid, half as long as the calyx, with branched and glandular trichomes. Calyx tubular, 16���18 mm long, with prominent veins, pubescent in the lower half with branched and glandular trichomes; teeth triangular, 1���1.5 mm long. Corolla yellow, posterior lip pubescent on the outside, bearded inside, margin denticulate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe shortly notched, lateral lobes broadly rounded; posterior filaments with long, linear, fringed appendages at base. Mericarps with long hairs at apex. Phenology: ���Flowering from May to August, fruiting from July to November. Distribution, habitat and ecology: ��� Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; new record for Uzbekistan, occurring in south western Gissar. It grows on stony or gravelly slopes from the middle altitude to the alpine zone of mountains, 2000��� 3400 m (Adylov & Makmedov 1987) (Fig. 3). Etymology: ���The specific epithet refers to Baldschuan in Tajikistan, where the species was found. Common name (assigned here): ��� Baldschuan flomoidesi (Uzbekistan name). Taxonomic notes: ��� Phlomoides baldschuanica is morphologically similar to P. fulgens (Bunge 1873: 80) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov (1987: 94), but can be distinguished by its abaxially leaves green, with sparse stellate trichomes (vs. abaxially leaves gray, with dense stellate trichomes), and bracts wider and stiffer lanceolate or linearoblong (vs. bracts linear and linear subulate). Conservation status in Uzbekistan: ��� Phlomoides baldschuanica is distributed in only one locality of Uzbekistan, the Gissar ridge, the basin of Kashkadarya (Gissar state reserve). Data on the population of the species is insufficient, as research was conducted many years ago. Thus P. baldsshuanica should be classified as Data Deficient (DD) based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2019). Nonetheless, considering the restricted distribution range, it is possible to hypothesize that after collecting data on the threats and on the population, this species will be attributed either to the category Critically Endangered (CR), based on the IUCN criteria B and C (e.g. Wagensommer et al. 2017, Wagensommer & Venanzoni 2021), or to the category Near threatened (NT), especially when no decline is observed (e.g. Perrino et al. 2018). Additional specimens examined: TAJIKISTAN: Kulab bekstvo, Eastern slope of the mountain, near village Arzangi, 15 May 1910, Divnrgorskaya 342 (TASH!); Baljuvon bekstvo, Baldzhuan, Darvaz ridge (Yakh-su), between Novobad and Sary-Pul, 10 May 1913, Mikhelson 1523 (TASH!); Darvaz ridge, Bukhara, Sytarg glaciers, 16 Jul. 1916, Fedchenko 1120 (TASH!); Baldzhuan beksto, Sari-Pul, on the slope of the mountains, 28 May 1927, Korshinsky 4205, 4206 (TASH!); Pamir-alai, Rengan-tau range, valley of the Yavan-su, near old village of Lokayabad, 8 Apr. 1934, Melnikov 86 (TASH!); Sanglak ridge, near city Dushanbe, 2100 m, 12 Jun. 1932, Goncharov & Grigoriev 318 (TASH!); Eastern slope of Vakhsh ridge, 2530 m, 1932, Goncharov & Grigoriev 609 (TASH!); Darvaz ridge, basin of Hingow river, pass Sary-Ob, alpine zone, 3400 m, 16 Jul. 1949, Agakhanyants & Chentsova 440 (TASH!); Southern Tajikistan, mountain Imam-Askar, western Darai-imam, damp fine soil slopes at the foot of the mountain, 4 Jun. 1960, Bochantsev & Egorova 863 (TASH!); Southern Tajikistan, Sanglok ridge, on the way from the meteorological station to the village of Gumsu, 24 May 1979, Lee & Tschukervanik 387 (TASH!). UZBEKISTAN: Gissar ridge, basin of Yakkabag river, near the village of Tash-Kurgan, 38��46���56.23��� N, 67��16���3.78��� E, 30 May 1916, M. G. Popov 1111 (TASH!)., Published as part of Zhao, Yue, Chi, Jian-Cai, Chen, Ya-Ping, Liang, Cun-Zhu, Turginov, Orzimat T., Pulatov, Sardor O., Rakhmatov, Abdurashid A., Aromov, Tolmas B. & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2022, Three new records of Lamiaceae from China and Uzbekistan, pp. 111 in Phytotaxa 531 (2) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5869183, {"references":["Bunge, A. (1873) Labiatae persicae. Me ' moires de l'Acade ' mie impe ' riale des sciences de St. Pe ' tersbourg Ser. 7 (21): 1 - 84.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee.","Wagensommer, R. P., Bartolucci, F., Fiorentino, M., Licht, W., Peccenini, S., Perrino, E. V. & Venanzoni, R. (2017) First record for the flora of Italy and lectotypification of the name Linum elegans (Linaceae). Phytotaxa 296: 161 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 296.2.5","Wagensommer, R. P. & Venanzoni, R. (2021) Geranium lucarinii sp. nov. and re-evaluation of G. kikianum (Geraniaceae). Phytotaxa 489: 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 489.3.2","Perrino, E. V., Silletti, G. N., Erben, M. & Wagensommer, R. P. (2018) Viola cassinensis subsp. lucana (Violaceae), a new subspecies from the Lucanian Apennine, southern Italy. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 58: 109 - 115."]}

Phlomoides baldschuanica (Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov, in Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 9: 95. 1987. ≡ Eremostachys baldschuanica Regel, in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 9, 2: 541. 1886. = Eremostachys baldschuanica var. trautvetteriana (Regel) Popov, Novye Mem. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. 19: 107. 1940. Type: — Tajikistan, Amudarya in the eastern Buchara region Tschorabdarra, the river Kysylsu baldschuan, 1828 m, June 1884, A . Regel s.n. (holotype: LE!). Perennial herbs, 60–90 cm tall. Stems erect, glabrous or with sparse simple and stellate trichomes, more densely pubescent on nodes. Basal leaves oblong elliptical, 15–30 × 10–12 cm long, wedge-shaped or round at the base, large and shallowly or pinnately lobed, margin crenate, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose, abaxially sparsely stellate pilose, denser on veins, petioles 6–13 cm long; stem leaves similar, smaller, petioles short. Verticillasters multi-flowered; floral leaves ovoid, margin crenate, sessile, longer than verticillasters at inflorescence base, becoming shorter than them above; bracts lanceolate, rigid, half as long as the calyx, with branched and glandular trichomes. Calyx tubular, 16–18 mm long, with prominent veins, pubescent in the lower half with branched and glandular trichomes; teeth triangular, 1–1.5 mm long. Corolla yellow, posterior lip pubescent on the outside, bearded inside, margin denticulate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe shortly notched, lateral lobes broadly rounded; posterior filaments with long, linear, fringed appendages at base. Mericarps with long hairs at apex. Phenology: —Flowering from May to August, fruiting from July to November. Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; new record for Uzbekistan, occurring in south western Gissar. It grows on stony or gravelly slopes from the middle altitude to the alpine zone of mountains, 2000– 3400 m (Adylov & Makmedov 1987) (Fig. 3). Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to Baldschuan in Tajikistan, where the species was found. Common name (assigned here): — Baldschuan flomoidesi (Uzbekistan name). Taxonomic notes: — Phlomoides baldschuanica is morphologically similar to P. fulgens (Bunge 1873: 80) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov (1987: 94), but can be distinguished by its abaxially leaves green, with sparse stellate trichomes (vs. abaxially leaves gray, with dense stellate trichomes), and bracts wider and stiffer lanceolate or linearoblong (vs. bracts linear and linear subulate). Conservation status in Uzbekistan: — Phlomoides baldschuanica is distributed in only one locality of Uzbekistan, the Gissar ridge, the basin of Kashkadarya (Gissar state reserve). Data on the population of the species is insufficient, as research was conducted many years ago. Thus P. baldsshuanica should be classified as Data Deficient (DD) based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2019). Nonetheless, considering the restricted distribution range, it is possible to hypothesize that after collecting data on the threats and on the population, this species will be attributed either to the category Critically Endangered (CR), based on the IUCN criteria B and C (e.g. Wagensommer et al. 2017, Wagensommer & Venanzoni 2021), or to the category Near threatened (NT), especially when no decline is observed (e.g. Perrino et al. 2018). Additional specimens examined: TAJIKISTAN: Kulab bekstvo, Eastern slope of the mountain, near village Arzangi, 15 May 1910, Divnrgorskaya 342 (TASH!); Baljuvon bekstvo, Baldzhuan, Darvaz ridge (Yakh-su), between Novobad and Sary-Pul, 10 May 1913, Mikhelson 1523 (TASH!); Darvaz ridge, Bukhara, Sytarg glaciers, 16 Jul. 1916, Fedchenko 1120 (TASH!); Baldzhuan beksto, Sari-Pul, on the slope of the mountains, 28 May 1927, Korshinsky 4205, 4206 (TASH!); Pamir-alai, Rengan-tau range, valley of the Yavan-su, near old village of Lokayabad, 8 Apr. 1934, Melnikov 86 (TASH!); Sanglak ridge, near city Dushanbe, 2100 m, 12 Jun. 1932, Goncharov & Grigoriev 318 (TASH!); Eastern slope of Vakhsh ridge, 2530 m, 1932, Goncharov & Grigoriev 609 (TASH!); Darvaz ridge, basin of Hingow river, pass Sary-Ob, alpine zone, 3400 m, 16 Jul. 1949, Agakhanyants & Chentsova 440 (TASH!); Southern Tajikistan, mountain Imam-Askar, western Darai-imam, damp fine soil slopes at the foot of the mountain, 4 Jun. 1960, Bochantsev & Egorova 863 (TASH!); Southern Tajikistan, Sanglok ridge, on the way from the meteorological station to the village of Gumsu, 24 May 1979, Lee & Tschukervanik 387 (TASH!). UZBEKISTAN: Gissar ridge, basin of Yakkabag river, near the village of Tash-Kurgan, 38°46’56.23” N, 67°16’3.78” E, 30 May 1916, M. G. Popov 1111 (TASH!).

Phlomoides burmanica (Mukerjee) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245) (Fig. 1). Basionym:— Phlomis burmanica Mukerjee (1938: 308). Type:— BURMA. Htawgaw Bum: alpine meadows, 26º10’ N, 98º25’ E, 2750 m, June 1924, G . Forrest 24538 (holotype E00301986!) (Fig. 2, A, C). Synonym: — Phlomoides pararotata (Sun) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245), syn. nov. ≡ Phlomis pararotata Sun (1966: 44). Type: CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Biluoshan (pi-lo-shan), Zhiziluo (che-tse-lo), on the top of Biluoshan, 4000 m, 20August 1934, H. T. Tsai 58080 (holotype PE00835718!; isotypes IBSC0005135!; KUN1218987!; NAS00072434!, NAS00072434!; SZ00240172!) (Fig. 2, B, D). Diagnostic characters:— Phlomoides burmanica is similar to P. fimbriata, but can be distinguished by having triangular-semicircular calyx teeth, broadly ovoid leaves and sessile floral leaves (vs. emarginated calyx teeth, hastateovate leaves and floral leaf petioles 5 – 8 mm in P. fimbriata). Stems 20 – 40 cm tall, unbranched or multibranched, pilose. Petiole 1 – 9 cm long; leaf blades hastate-ovate, 4.5 – 11 × 5.3 – 11 cm, appressed pilose, base cordate, margin irregularly crenate, apex rounded. Verticillasters solitary (rarely 2), many-flowered, diameter 1.8 – 2.7 cm; floral leaves sessile, ovate, 4 – 7 × 2.2 – 7 cm, base cordate-rounded, apex acute; bracts linear-subulate, 4 – 10 mm long, densely ciliate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 11 – 12 × 6 – 7 mm, puberulent, veins sparsely minutely hispid outside; teeth double toothed at margin, puberulent, triangular-semicircular, 1.2–1.5 mm long, with spines 0.6–0.8 mm long. Corolla purple, 1.4 – 1.8 cm long; tube 0.8–1.3 cm long, glabrous except for puberulent back outside, pilose annulate inside; upper lip 8–9 mm long, densely appressed pubescent outside, margin denticulate, bearded inside, lower lip 8.5 × 7 mm, puberulent outside; middle lobe obovate, 5 × 4 mm, margin denticulate; lateral lobes ovate, 3 × 2.5 mm. Stamens included; posterior filaments with a slender basal appendage. Mericarps glabrous. Flowering from July to August, fruiting from September to October. Trichome morphology:— Figure 3 shows the morphology of trichomes on leaves and bracts of Phlomoides burmanica. Two basic types of trichomes were recognized: eglandular and glandular. Both types can be found on adaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, A-C), abaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, D-F) and bracts (Fig. 3, G-I). On abaxial leaves surface, trichomes are mainly situated on the veins (Fig. 3, D). Eglandular trichomes are further subdivided into simple unbranched (Fig. 3, A, D) and branched trichomes (Fig. 3, E), while glandular trichomes are subdivided into subsessile (Fig. 3, B) and clavate trichomes (Fig. 3, C, F, I). Distribution and Habitat:— Currently known from the top of the mountain of NW Yunnan of China and Northern Burma; this species inhabits meadows by the lake or stream, betw e en 2750 m and 3960 m at elevation, together with other annual, perennial species, such as Corydalis casimiriana Duthie et Prain ex Prain, Astilbe rubra Hook. f. et Thomson, Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., etc. (Fig. 4). Additional specimens examined:— Phlomoides burmanica. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Lushui City, Luobenzhuo Town, 26°25’45.08” N, 98°44’42.88” E, 3681 m, 13 August 2020, Y. P . Chen, Y. Zhao & J. F. Xiao EM1560 (KUN!). BURMA. Hpawshi Bum, 3700 m, 24 June 1916, R. J . Farret 1061 (E!); ibid., R. J . Farret 1061 A (E!); Western slopes of Imaw Bum, 3350 – 3960 m, 2 July 1919, F. K . Ward 3309 (E!); Ridge of Naung Chaung, Nwai Divide, 3650 – 3900 m, 16 June 1914, K. W . Francis 1800 (E!); Bordering area between northwestern Yunnan, China and northeastern Burma, Chimili Pass, 26º35’ N, 98º48’ E, 3650 m, G . Forrest 26812 (E!). Phlomoides fimbriata. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan, T . T. Yü 19718 (A!, PE!, KUN!); Tibet: Zayu, Ridong, 3700 m, 8 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10158 (KUN!); Tibet: ibid, 4000 m, 9 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10257 (KUN!).

Phlomoides burmanica (Mukerjee) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245) (Fig. 1). Basionym:��� Phlomis burmanica Mukerjee (1938: 308). Type:��� BURMA. Htawgaw Bum: alpine meadows, 26��10��� N, 98��25��� E, 2750 m, June 1924, G . Forrest 24538 (holotype E00301986!) (Fig. 2, A, C). Synonym: ��� Phlomoides pararotata (Sun) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245), syn. nov. ��� Phlomis pararotata Sun (1966: 44). Type: CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Biluoshan (pi-lo-shan), Zhiziluo (che-tse-lo), on the top of Biluoshan, 4000 m, 20August 1934, H. T. Tsai 58080 (holotype PE00835718!; isotypes IBSC0005135!; KUN1218987!; NAS00072434!, NAS00072434!; SZ00240172!) (Fig. 2, B, D). Diagnostic characters:��� Phlomoides burmanica is similar to P. fimbriata, but can be distinguished by having triangular-semicircular calyx teeth, broadly ovoid leaves and sessile floral leaves (vs. emarginated calyx teeth, hastateovate leaves and floral leaf petioles 5 ��� 8 mm in P. fimbriata). Stems 20 ��� 40 cm tall, unbranched or multibranched, pilose. Petiole 1 ��� 9 cm long; leaf blades hastate-ovate, 4.5 ��� 11 �� 5.3 ��� 11 cm, appressed pilose, base cordate, margin irregularly crenate, apex rounded. Verticillasters solitary (rarely 2), many-flowered, diameter 1.8 ��� 2.7 cm; floral leaves sessile, ovate, 4 ��� 7 �� 2.2 ��� 7 cm, base cordate-rounded, apex acute; bracts linear-subulate, 4 ��� 10 mm long, densely ciliate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 11 ��� 12 �� 6 ��� 7 mm, puberulent, veins sparsely minutely hispid outside; teeth double toothed at margin, puberulent, triangular-semicircular, 1.2���1.5 mm long, with spines 0.6���0.8 mm long. Corolla purple, 1.4 ��� 1.8 cm long; tube 0.8���1.3 cm long, glabrous except for puberulent back outside, pilose annulate inside; upper lip 8���9 mm long, densely appressed pubescent outside, margin denticulate, bearded inside, lower lip 8.5 �� 7 mm, puberulent outside; middle lobe obovate, 5 �� 4 mm, margin denticulate; lateral lobes ovate, 3 �� 2.5 mm. Stamens included; posterior filaments with a slender basal appendage. Mericarps glabrous. Flowering from July to August, fruiting from September to October. Trichome morphology:��� Figure 3 shows the morphology of trichomes on leaves and bracts of Phlomoides burmanica. Two basic types of trichomes were recognized: eglandular and glandular. Both types can be found on adaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, A-C), abaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, D-F) and bracts (Fig. 3, G-I). On abaxial leaves surface, trichomes are mainly situated on the veins (Fig. 3, D). Eglandular trichomes are further subdivided into simple unbranched (Fig. 3, A, D) and branched trichomes (Fig. 3, E), while glandular trichomes are subdivided into subsessile (Fig. 3, B) and clavate trichomes (Fig. 3, C, F, I). Distribution and Habitat:��� Currently known from the top of the mountain of NW Yunnan of China and Northern Burma; this species inhabits meadows by the lake or stream, betw e en 2750 m and 3960 m at elevation, together with other annual, perennial species, such as Corydalis casimiriana Duthie et Prain ex Prain, Astilbe rubra Hook. f. et Thomson, Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., etc. (Fig. 4). Additional specimens examined:��� Phlomoides burmanica. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Lushui City, Luobenzhuo Town, 26��25���45.08��� N, 98��44���42.88��� E, 3681 m, 13 August 2020, Y. P . Chen, Y. Zhao & J. F. Xiao EM1560 (KUN!). BURMA. Hpawshi Bum, 3700 m, 24 June 1916, R. J . Farret 1061 (E!); ibid., R. J . Farret 1061 A (E!); Western slopes of Imaw Bum, 3350 ��� 3960 m, 2 July 1919, F. K . Ward 3309 (E!); Ridge of Naung Chaung, Nwai Divide, 3650 ��� 3900 m, 16 June 1914, K. W . Francis 1800 (E!); Bordering area between northwestern Yunnan, China and northeastern Burma, Chimili Pass, 26��35��� N, 98��48��� E, 3650 m, G . Forrest 26812 (E!). Phlomoides fimbriata. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan, T . T. Y�� 19718 (A!, PE!, KUN!); Tibet: Zayu, Ridong, 3700 m, 8 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10158 (KUN!); Tibet: ibid, 4000 m, 9 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10257 (KUN!)., Published as part of Zhao, Yue, Chen, Ya-Ping, Liu, De-Tuan, Turdimatovich, Turginov Orzimat, Liang, Cun-Zhu & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2021, The identity of Phlomoides pararotata (Lamiaceae, Lamioideae), pp. 107-113 in Phytotaxa 524 (2) on pages 108-109, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5642086, {"references":["Mukerjee, S. K. (1938) A decade of new Labiatae from India, Burma, and Tibet. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 19: 302 - 308.","Sun, Y. Z. & Hu, G. H. (1966) New species, varieties, forms and new names of Chinese Labiatae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 11: 35 - 58."]}

Zhao, Yue, Chen, Ya-Ping, Zheng, Hai-Lei, Peng, Hua, Xiang, Chun-Lei (2021): Phlomoides liangwangshanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 491 (1): 72-78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.8

Phlomoides liangwangshanensis Y. Zhao, H.L. Zheng & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Type: ��� CHINA. Yunnan Province: Chengjiang City, Liangwang Mountain, 24��45���22.56���N, 102��53���13.03���E, on the grassy slope, elevation 2755 m, 18 Jul 2018, Y. P . Chen et al. EM483 (holotype: KUN!; isotypes: K!, KUN!, PE!). Diagnosis: ��� Phlomoides liangwangshanensis is morphologically similar to P. franchetiana (Diels 1912: 242) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 243) and P. ruptilis (C.Y. Wu 1977: 254) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 244) (Fig. 2), but can be distinguished by its bracts 6���7 mm long (vs. 1���2 mm long in P. franchetiana, 2���3 mm long in P. ruptilis), and calyx teeth triangular (vs. broadly triangular in P. franchetiana and P. ruptilis) with spines 4���6 mm long (1���2 mm long in P. franchetiana and P. ruptilis) and without teeth-like sinuses (vs. sinuses expanded into triangular teeth in P. franchetiana and P. ruptilis). Perennial herbs. Stems 40���60 cm tall, subquadrangular, robust, much branched, densely stellate pilose. Basal leaf absent; petioles 1���13.5 cm long, densely stellate pilose; laminas of cauline leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, thick papery, 5���16 �� 3���12.5 cm, adaxially green, densely stellate pilose, abaxially white, densely stellate pilose, with base cordate, margin serrate or crenate, apex acute to acuminate. Verticillasters axillary, 10���16-flowered; floral leaves 2���7.5 �� 1���6.5 cm, petioles 2���9 mm long, broadly ovate, gradually reduced upward; bracts subulate, 6���7 mm long, densely stellate pilose. Calyx tubular, 10���12 �� 4 mm, densely stellate pilose and pubescent outside, conspicuously 10-veined; teeth 5, triangular, subequal, 1.5���2 mm long, apical spine 4���6 mm long. Corolla light yellow, ca. 2 cm long, 2-lipped; posterior lip ca. 7 mm long, galeate, densely stellate tomentose outside, margin denticulate, bearded inside; anterior lip 3-lobed, ca. 7 �� 8 mm, middle lobe largest, oblong, ca. 5 �� 2.5 mm, lateral lobes ovate, margin irregularly denticulate; tube slightly exserted, sparsely stellate tomentose outside, annulate pilose inside near base; Stamens 4, included, glabrous, posterior filaments with upwardly curved appendages at base. Style included, apex unequally 2-lobbed. Mature mericarps brown, elliptic, ca. 5.5 �� 2.7 mm, glabrous. Phenology: ���Flowering from July to August and fruiting from October to December. Distribution, habitat and ecology: ���Based on present collections, P. liangwangshanensis is only known from its type locality, i.e. Liangwang Mountain in central Yunnan Province, China. It is restricted to the top of the mountain and grows on grassy slopes at an elevation between 2700 m and 2800 m (Fig. 3). Etymology: ���The specific epithet refers to the Liangwang Mountain (Liang Wang Shan) in Yunnan Province, where the new species was found. Common name (assigned here):��� Liang Wang Shan Cao Cao Su (���������ĦOi���; Chinese name). Additional specimen examined (paratypes):��� CHINA. Yunnan Province: Chengjiang City, Liangwang Mountain, 24��45���12.90���N, 102��53���21.08���E, elevation 2740 m, 3 Nov 2018, Y. P . Chen et al. EM734 (KUN!). Additional specimens of P. franchetiana examined: ��� CHINA. Yunnan: Dongchuan District, Oct 1909, Fr. Ducloox 6441 (KUN1220633); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain Range, elevation 2500 m, 25 Aug 1933, Y . Tsiang 11681 (IBSC0005133, PE00835495); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain range, Jun 1941, H. C . Wang 948 (PE00835493, IBSC0005132); Yangbi County, 19 Jun 1942, H. C . Wang 2391 (PE00835494); Binchuan County, Jizu Mountain, 21 Dec 1946, S. E . Liu 22029 (IBSC0585513, PE00835496); Luquan County, Emao Village, elevation 2500 m, 06 Nov 1952, P. Y . Mao 01688 (PE00835500); Songming County, Guodong Village, elevation 1950 m, 16 Oct 1955, P. Y . Mao 51336 (PE00835499); Songming County, Guodong Village, elevation 2380 m, 22 Aug 1957, B. Y . Qiu 54861 (IBSC0585511, PE00835498); Songming County, Guodong Village, elevation 2400 m, 21 Sept 1957, B. Y . Qiu 55153 (PE00835497); Dali City, E side of Cangshan Mountain Range, 10 Jul 1984, Sino-Amer. Bot. Exped. 950 (E); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain Range, elevation 3050 m, 26 Sept 2005, L. Q . Fang et al. 091056 (KUN0711276); Dali City, E side of Cangshan Mountain Range, elevation 2700 m, 13 Jul 2009, Z. J . Yin et al. 1144 (KUN1225204); Songming County, Guodong Village, elevation 2300 m, 14 Sept 2009, C. L . Xiang & E. D. Liu 366 (KUN0715366). Additional specimens of P. ruptilis examined: ��� CHINA. Yunnan: Lijiang City, Yulong Snow Mountain, elevation 3500 m, 7 Jul 1962, A. L . Zhang. 100641 (KUN0226569); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain Range, Xiaohuadianba, elevation 2900���3050 m, 10 Jul 1984, Sino-Amer. Bot. Exped. 950 (KUN); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain Range, Xiaohuadianba, elevation 2900���3200 m, 19 Jul 1984, Sino-Amer. Bot. Exped. 1175 (E, KUN); Lijiang City, Yulong Snow Mountain, elevation 3300 m, 22 Jul 1997, Anonymous 4041 (KUN1268174); Dali City, Cangshan Mountain Range, Huadianba, elevation 3240 m, 9 Aug 2017, Y. P . Chen et al. EM353 (KUN); Heqing County, Ma���er Mountain, elevation 3240 m, 7 Aug 2018, Y. P . Chen & H. Zhu EM507 (KUN); Weixi County, J. S . Yang. 83-2366 (KUN0228570); Heqing County, Ma���er Mountain, J. S . Yang 63-1902 (KUN1218986)., Published as part of Zhao, Yue, Chen, Ya-Ping, Zheng, Hai-Lei, Peng, Hua & Xiang, Chun-Lei, 2021, Phlomoides liangwangshanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 72-78 in Phytotaxa 491 (1) on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5754068, {"references":["Diels, F. L. E. (1912) Plantae Chinenses Forrestianae. Plants discovered and collected by George Forrest during his first exploration of Yunnan and Eastern Tibet in the years 1904, 1905, and 1906. New and imperfectly known species. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 5: 161 - 308.","Wu, C. Y. & Li, H. W. (1977) Labiatae. In: Wu, C. Y. & Li, H. W. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 65. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1 - 649."]}