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With breast cancer emerging as a pressing global health challenge, characterized by escalating incidence rates and geographical disparities, there is a critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive research navigates the landscape of nanomedicine, specifically focusing on the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), with magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) taking center stage. MNPs, encapsulated in biocompatible polymers like silica known as magnetic silica nanoparticles (MSN), are augmented with phosphotungstate (PTA) for enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT). PTA is recognized for its dual role as a natural chelator and electron shuttle, expediting electron transfer from ferric (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous (Fe 2+ ) ions within nanoparticles. Additionally, protein-based charge-reversal nanocarriers like silk sericin and gluten are introduced to encapsulate (MSN-PTA) nanoparticles, offering a dynamic facet to drug delivery systems for potential revolutionization of breast cancer therapy. This study successfully formulates and characterizes protein-coated nanocapsules, specifically MSN-PTA-SER, and MSN-PTA-GLU, with optimal physicochemical attributes for drug delivery applications. The careful optimization of sericin and gluten concentrations results in finely tuned nanoparticles, showcasing uniform size, enhanced negative zeta potential, and remarkable stability. Various analyses, from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), provide insights into structural integrity and surface modifications. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis underscores superparamagnetic behavior, positioning these nanocapsules as promising candidates for targeted drug delivery. In vitro evaluations demonstrate dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in MCF-7 and Zr-75-1 breast cancer cells, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of MSN-PTA-SER and MSN-PTA-GLU. The interplay of surface charge and pH-dependent cellular uptake highlights the robust stability and versatility of these nanocarriers in tumor microenvironment, paving the way for advancements in targeted drug delivery and personalized nanomedicine. This comparative analysis explores the suitability of silk sericin and gluten, unraveling a promising avenue for the development of advanced, targeted, and efficient breast cancer treatments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) composed of γ-Fe 2 O 3 and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were modified by hexamethylen-1,6-diisocyanate (HMDI) followed by thiourea dioxide and used as recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of some newly derivatives of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine. The products were synthesized in excellent yields via one-pot three-component reactions of 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-pyridin-2(1H)-one with aldehydes and dimedone under solvent-free conditions. The successful synthesis of products were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H/ 13 C NMR), and mass spectroscopies as well as physical data (e.g., melting points and elemental composition). The in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of the synthesized samples were evaluated using scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, respectively. Based on results, the chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives exhibited excellent biological activities that qualified them for biomedical applications., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A new strategy for design and development of a magnetic "smart" drug delivery system (DDS) based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was reported. For this purpose, a β-CD-(I) 7 was acetylated, and then EtOx monomer was grafted onto the acetylated β-CD-(I) 7 through cationic ring-opening polymerization followed by simultaneous crosslinking with amine-end capped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -NH 2 NPs) and cystamine to produce a β-CD-g-(PEtOx) 7 /Fe 3 O 4 as a reduction- and pH-responsive magnetic DDS. The developed magnetic nanohydrogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), and its drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies, as well as its pH- and reduction-triggered drug release behaviors were investigated. The anticancer activity of the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx) 7 /Fe 3 O 4 -Dox was investigated against MCF7 cells. According to the results, the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx) 7 /Fe 3 O 4 -Dox can be considered as an efficient and "smart" DDS for cancer therapy and diagnosis due to its high drug loading value (∼ 74 %), slow and stimuli-triggered drug release behavior, and acceptable magnetic properties., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This article evaluates the anticancer drug delivery performances of two nanohydrogels composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic anhydride) [P(NIPAAm-co-IA)], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. For this purpose, the magnetite nanohydrogels (MNHGs) were loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a universal anticancer drug. The morphologies and magnetic properties of the DOX-loaded MNHGs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The sizes and zeta potentials (ξ) of the MNHGs and their corresponding DOX-loaded nanosystems were also investigated. The DOX-loaded MNHGs showed the highest drug release values at condition of 41 °C and pH 5.3. The drug-loaded MNHGs at physiological condition (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) exhibited negligible drug release values. In vitro cytotoxic effects of the DOX-loaded MNHGs were extensively evaluated through the assessing survival rate of HeLa cells using the MTT assay, and there in vitro cellular uptake into the mentioned cell line were examined using fluorescent microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) flow cytometry analyses. As the results, the DOX-loaded MNHG1 exhibited higher anticancer drug delivery performance in the terms of cytotoxic effect and in vitro cellular uptake. Thus, the developed MNHG1 can be considered as a promising de novo drug delivery system, in part due to its pH and thermal responsive drug release behavior as well as proper magnetite character toward targeted drug delivery.

This paper describes the development of mitoxantrone-loaded PEGylated graphene oxide/magnetite nanoparticles (PEG-GO/Fe3O4-MTX), and investigation of its preliminary drug delivery performance. For this, the GO was synthesized through oxidizing graphite powder, and subsequently carboxylated using a substitution nucleophilic reaction. The carboxylated GO (GO-COOH) was then conjugated with amine end-caped PEG chains by Steglich esterification. Afterward, GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized through the anchoring of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the surface of GO-PEG during the sonication. The biocompatibility and MTX-loading capacity of the synthesized GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were evaluated. The pH dependent drug release behavior and cytotoxicity effect of the MTX-loaded GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were also studied. According to biocompatibility, pH dependent drug release behavior as well as superior physicochemical and biological characteristics of graphene and magnetite nanoparticles, it is expected that the GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite may be applied as de novo drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer therapy using both chemo- and photothermal therapy approaches.