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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental condition with significant negative consequences for patients, making correct and prompt diagnosis crucial. The purpose of this study is to use structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) to better classify individuals with SCZ from control normals (CN) and to locate a region of the brain that represents abnormalities associated with SCZ. Deep learning (DL), which is based on the nervous system, could be a very useful tool for doctors to accurately predict, diagnose, and treat SCZ. Gray Matter (GM), Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and White Matter (WM) brain regions are extracted from 99 MRI images obtained from the open-source OpenNeuro database to demonstrate SCZ's regional relationship. In this paper, we use a pretrained ResNet-50 deep network to extract features from MRI images and an ensemble deep random vector functional link (edRVFL) network to classify those features. By examining the results obtained, the edRVFL deep model provides the highest classification accuracy of 96.5% with WM and is identified as the best-performing algorithm compared to the traditional algorithms. Furthermore, we examined the GM, WM, and CSF tissue volumes in CN subjects and SCZ patients using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and the results show 1363 significant voxels, 6.90 T-value, and 6.21 Z-value in the WM region of SCZ patients. In SCZ patients, WM is most closely linked to structural alterations, as evidenced by VBM analysis and the DL model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) has been used to examine age-related neuroanatomical changes in the human brain. In the present work, a pre-trained deep learning model and an ensemble deep random vector functional link (edRVFL) classifier have been used to create a brain age classification framework from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A total of 155 MRI scans of the brain are obtained from the open-access OpenNeuro database and categorized into three age groups (3–5 years old, 7–12 years old, and 18–40 years old). To visualize the age connection across different brain regions, all MRI scans are first segmented into Gray Matter (GM), White Matter (WM), and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). The ResNet-50 network is used to extract features from MRI images, while the edRVFL network is used to classify the retrieved features. Classification accuracy for GM, WM, CSF, and whole brain images are 96.11%, 98.33%, 93.33%, and 94.00%, respectively, using the edRVFL classifier. Region-wise analysis has also been done using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of determination (R 2), and root mean square error (RMSE) to analyze the relationship between brain age and brain tissue volumes. According to the findings of the suggested deep model for brain age categorization, and region-wise analysis, alterations in WM volume are strongly linked to brain aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]