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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as the most common cancer among women in the world. Although overexpression of the EGFR1 gene is observed in more than 70% of patients, medications based on inhibitors of this receptor are ineffective. This is due to the fact that the protein remains active, even after administration with inhibitory drugs. We used siRNA to silence the EGFR1 gene in this study. The siRNA was packaged in a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) that was functionalized with poly ethyleneimine (PEI), PEGylated folic acid (FA-PEG), and β-cyclodextrin (βCD). Multi-functionalized FA-PEG/βCD functionalized PEI-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CD-PEI/FA-PEG) were produced by post-surface modification. This multi-functionalized magnetic nanocarrier was structurally verified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used as a precise tool in gene therapy in this study to remove EGFR1 gene mRNA. siRNA molecules are about 21 nucleotides that cause cleavage in the complementary sequence of the target mRNA. The capacity to deliver siRNAs against EGFR1 to the breast cancer cell line (MD-MBA-231) was evaluated. According to flow cytometry, siRNA was efficiently delivered to the cells, with an absorption rate of 62%. In addition, confocal microscopy confirmed the cell uptake and endosomal escape. Also, the expression level of the EGFR1 gene was measured by the quantitative PCR method, which showed a 78% knockdown of this gene at the mRNA level. The fate of the siRNA@[Fe3O4@βCD-PEI/FA-PEG] complex after endocytosis. (1) siRNA@[Fe3O4@βCD-PEI/FA-PEG] entering the cell (early endosome) through endocytosis. (2) Entry of siRNA@[Fe3O4@βCD-PEI/FA-PEG] into the late endosome. (3a) Endosomal escape and cargo survival (siRNA). (3b) Lysosomal digestion pathway. (4) Release of siRNA to cytosol and interaction with RISC after rupture of endosome membrane. (5) mRNA degradation and EGFR1 gene silencing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical compounds with a toxic nature are released into the aquatic environment and can lead to adverse effects on ecological sustainability. Thus, enhancing the separation and treatment of the toxic compounds seem necessary. In this study, uptake and removal efficiency for the adsorption of two pharmaceutical compounds, ibuprofen (IBU) and penicillin G (PEN G), from aqueous solutions by Fe3O4@GO-IL were investigated. However, the effect of main effective variables including pH, concentrations, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were investigated. Isotherm and kinetic models also were studied. The maximum IBU removal rate was achieved about 97.58 (~5 mg/g) under optimal condition, pH 6.5, adsorbent dose 0.120 g/L, contact time 60 min, initial concentration 12.7 mg/L. At a condition of pH 4, adsorbent dose 0.3 g/L, contact time 97.5 min, initial concentration 32.43 mg/L, the maximum PEN G was 95% (9.14 mg/g). The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and pseudo-second-order models gave the best-fit to equilibrium experimental adsorption data. The findings of the study showed that new modified magnetic nanoparticles-graphene using ionic liquid (ILMNPs) can use as a high potential, simple, rapid separation, and re-generable material for adsorption pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthesis of 2‐(4‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)oxy)phenyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives is reported. The catalyst for this synthesis is copper‐supported β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized magnetic silica–iron oxide nanoparticles ([Cu@BCD@SiO2@SPION]). [Cu@BCD@SiO2@SPION] simultaneously catalyses ‘click’ reaction, oxidation of CN bond and multicomponent reaction. The desired 1,2,3‐triazolylquinazolinone product is easily obtained in water at room temperature under mild reaction conditions. Another advantage of the catalyst is its reusability. It can simply be isolated using an external magnet and reused in reactions with no significant decrease in catalyst efficiency. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used for exact characterization of the [Cu@BCD@SiO2@SPION] catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, iron-gold core shell magnetic nanoparticles Fe@Au NPs was investigated as contrasting agent in radiation therapy in the breast cancer. Assessment of cytotoxic and radio sensitizing potential was done by MTT method and Flow cytometry. Radiation was done using Co 60 source. The response of cells to treatment with radiation alone and radiation with nanoparticles was assessed. The study demonstrates that Fe@Au nanoparticles do not have considerable cytotoxic effects, but they increase the effectiveness of radiation that means the survival of the group without nanoparticles exposed to 5 Gy radiations is 75%while the group with nanoparticles is 33%. With 2 Gy radiations the survival of the two groups are 87% and 80% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiol-lactam initiated radical polymerization (TLIRP) was successfully employed to prepare poly- N −5-acrylamidoisophthalicacid grafted onto Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@PAIP). β -Cyclodextrin (CD) was then conjugated to the carboxylic groups of the prepared MNPs via carbodiimide activation. Subsequently, tumor-targeting folic acid (FA) was attached to the hydroxyl groups of CD on the surface of the latter MNPs to increase the site-specific intracellular delivery. The prepared MNPs were fully characterized by FTIR, VSM, TGA, XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. Docetaxel (DTX) as hydrophobic anticancer drug was loaded via host-guest inclusion complexation with CD and the release profile of the system was studied at different pH. The effect of MNPs on the cell viability was evaluated for the human embryonic kidney normal cell line (HEK293) as well as HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cancerous cell lines and the results did not show any apparent cytotoxic effect. In comparison, DTX loaded MNPs reduced the growth of HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells more than free DTX. Intracellular uptake ability of DTX loaded MNPs was also studied using fluorescent microscopy and showed cellular uptake about 90% after 4 h treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of monospiro-2-aminopyran derivatives such as (IV), (VII), and (X) (24 examples) are synthesized via three-component coupling of isatin (I) or ninhydrin (VIII) with malononitrile (II) and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]